Post on 27-Dec-2015
New YorkNew York
New NetherlandsNew NetherlandsNew NetherlandsNew Netherlands
New Netherlands founded in the Hudson River area (1623-1624)
Established by Dutch West India Company for quick-profit fur trade.
Manhattan [New Amsterdam]
Purchased by Company for pennies per (22,000) acre.
60 guilders – equivalent of 23.70 (worth about 60 billion today)
New Netherlands New Netherlands Becomes a British Royal Becomes a British Royal
ColonyColony
New Netherlands New Netherlands Becomes a British Royal Becomes a British Royal
ColonyColonyCharles II granted New Netherland’s land to his brother James, the Duke of York, [before he controlled the area!]
1664 English soldiers arrived.
§ Dutch had little ammunition, poor defenses and poor leadership.
§ Dutch Governor, Peter Stuyvesant, forced to surrender without firing a shot.
Renamed “New York”
§ England gained strategic harbor between her northern & southern colonies.
§ England now controlled the Atlantic coast!
Duke of York’s Original Duke of York’s Original CharterCharter
Duke of York’s Original Duke of York’s Original CharterCharter
New Amsterdam, New Amsterdam, 16641664
New Amsterdam, New Amsterdam, 16641664
MANHATTEN, TODAY
New JerseyNew
Jersey
New Jersey — New Jersey — New Jersey — New Jersey — 1664 aristocratic proprietors rcvd. the area from the Duke of York.
Many New Englanders [because of worn out soil] moved to NJ.
1702 Combined to one colony
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
1681 he received agrant from king toestablish a colony.
This settled a debt the king
owed his father.
Named Pennsylvania
[“Penn’s Woodland”].
William PennWilliam PennWilliam PennWilliam Penn
The QuakersThe QuakersThe QuakersThe QuakersCalled Quakers because they “quaked” during intense religious practices.
They offended religious & secular leaders in England.
§ Refused to pay taxes to support the Church of England.
§ They met without paid clergy
§ Believed all were children of God refused to treat the upper classes with deference.
Ø Keep hats on.
Ø Addressed them as commoners ”thees”/“thous.”
Ø Wouldn’t take oaths.
Ø Pacifists.
The Holy Experiment
1. Different nationalities and religious beliefs living in harmony
2. Tolerance and Land compensation to Native Americans
a. Quakers went among the Natives unarmed.
b. Friendly and co-existed peacefully, until Non-Quakers started settling in the area
Penn’s Treaty with Penn’s Treaty with thetheNative AmericansNative Americans
Penn’s Treaty with Penn’s Treaty with thetheNative AmericansNative Americans
Pennsylvanian SocietyPennsylvanian SocietyPennsylvanian SocietyPennsylvanian Society
Attracted many different people
Religious misfits from other colonies.
Many different ethnic groups.
No slavery, no restrictions on immigration.
Liberal land policy
Representative assembly elected by landowners
English gov’t forced them, however, to deny rt to vote & hold office to Catholics and Jews by English gov’t
DelawareDelaware
Delaware — PA’s Delaware — PA’s NeighborNeighbor
Delaware — PA’s Delaware — PA’s NeighborNeighbor
Began as Swedish settlement
Named after Lord De La Warr [harsh military governor of VA in 1610].
Closely associated with Penn’s colony.
1703/4 granted its own assembly.
Ethnic GroupsEthnic GroupsEthnic GroupsEthnic Groups
Life in Middle Colonies
• Famous Court Case - Peter Zenger
• Ben Franklin “Poor Richard’s Almanac” (Complete Activity)
• “If you would not be forgotten, as soon as you are dead and rotten, either write things worth reading, or do things worth the writing." ~ B. Franklin (1706-1790)
Ben Franklin• Escaped to Philadelphia where he would become a
famous Printer – PA Gazette• Poor Richard’s Almanack under the alias Richard
Saunders• First Public Library (1731)• First PA Hospital (1743) – PENN• First Fire company in Philadelphia• Inventor (stove, bifocals, nature of electricity and
lightening)• Very active on the Political scene – America’s
Independence – We will discuss this more in the next two chapters!