Post on 27-Dec-2016
NVF Annual Bridge Conference 2014 New Bridges with new Technology 3-4th of September 2014 Reykjavik Iceland
Tuning the cable-stayed bridges harp
Pedestrian bridges over Elliðaár
Sigurður Ingi Ólafsson
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The geography
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Geirsnef
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Elliðaárvogur 1963 Landfill has just started
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A picture which shows the seabed and outlines the landfill.
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Elliðaárvogur 2012
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Elliðaárvogur 2014
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Assumptions of the bridges
• When the City Council of Reykjavik approved a new cycling plan in 2010 a network of biking in the city was laid.
• Part of the plan was a connection with a new pedestrian and cycle route across the north end of Elliðaárvogur on Geirsnef.
• Two new bridges were to be built.
• Location of the bridges would be the northern Geirsnef where the river Elliðaár expire in two branches.
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On a bike to work 2012 A map with pedestrian and cycle routes
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On a bike to work 2012
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A new pedestrian and cycle route
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The client and owners:
The City of Reykjavik & The Icelandic Road and Coastal Administration
The design team: Role Firm In responce
Arcitects: Teiknistofan TRÖÐ Hans Olav Andersen
Structural Design: Teiknistofan NÝBÝLI ehf. Sigurður Ingi Ólafsson
Electric lighting: Vst. Jóhanns Indriðasonar Arnþór Þórðarson
Land design Snøhetta (Oslo) Jenny B. Osuldsen
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The crossing It was required that no foundations would be between existing river banks and that the river banks were unchanged after bridge construction
The east river Elliðaá West river (in low tide)
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• Choosing a structural system for the bridges is the start. The structural building block of the Tetrahedon is the orginal idea of our proposal. This idea we never left.
Tetrahedron A block of tetrahedrons
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Example of an early stage study. In all design work we used 3D BIM software.
A study which was not presented No foundations allowed between existing river banks
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The idea behind the structural solution
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Some changes made to make traffic easier
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Tension bars
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The bridge deck connects the horizontal tension rods.
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Stactions in floor plan extended (red lines)
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The final proposal – east bridge 3D model in an actual picture
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Load on bridge deck: Eurocode 1: Actions on structures –
Part 2: Traffic loads on bridges
5.3.2 Load Models
5.3.2.1 Uniformly distributed load.
• Load Model 4 (crowd loading) Defined in 4.3.5, qfk = 5 kN/m2
5.6.3 Accidental presence of vehicles on the bridge
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Sigurður Ingi Ólafsson 19
JCB4CX 81 kN
Solutions on bridge deck valuated.
Hollow core with in situ topping Steel Deck
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Top view. The bridges wear a long axes mirror of each other
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Structural calculations: FEM test for all loadcases checked for entire plate construction.
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Axial forces Profile stress
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Structural steel design –Structural detailing
It is all too common to separate thease two design parts.
• Design documents for a steel constructions:
1. Material and assemly lists
2. General arrangement drawings 39 drawings (each bridge)
3. Assembly drawings 24 drawings (each bridge)
4. Single part drawings 175 drawings (mostly A4) for steel production
Parts : 960
Bolts : 175
Components : 92
Assemblies : 324
Drawings : 243
Welds : 747
Fittings : 31
Cuts : 467
Reinforcing bars : 714
Guardrail is not included:
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Modelling
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Detailing
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Top of tetrahedron (transparent)
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Top of one of shorter legs.
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The only on site welding
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Reinforcement 3D observation
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Overview drawing of the steel frame of the bridgedeck
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The tender and the contract
• The lowest bidder was one of the largest contractor in Iceland.
• They had a variation offer, which included that steelwork was produced in China.
• A contract was signed .
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Comparision of standards
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Steelwork Assembly list
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Tuning the Cable-stayed bridges harp Sigurður Ingi Ólafsson
Even the smallest part gets its drawing. This drawing shows single part no. 5 It its placed in a assembly number B45. Single part drawings are 175 (mostly A4).
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The highligted part is assembly B45
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Tuning the Cable-stayed bridges harp Sigurður Ingi Ólafsson
Assembly-drawing number B45 shows assembly no. B45
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Tuning the Cable-stayed bridges harp Sigurður Ingi Ólafsson
Foundation geometry details with defined coordinated points
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Work started on site
East river work started West river work started
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Piles were driven
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Foundations
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Steel arrives from China
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The erection. Three crane operation.
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Start of erection. Careful planning is necessary to earn the advantage of speed offered by steel construction.
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There are three main planning factors that affect the results. · Practical erection sequence. · Simplicity of assembly connections. · Logical trade sequences.
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First the two shorter legs.
Temporary stactions adjusted
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Tetrahedron on west bridge in place
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First cable placed
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Stactions on place
Stactions adjusted by length
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Hollowcore on place Elements are made with acquired cover thickness on bottom.
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The bridge deck topping.
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A cut in bridge deck
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Second adjustment of stactions Starting of tuning the harp
3d view deflection (x50) from concrete topping.
Side view
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Camber
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Cambering is much easier in a cable supported structure than other types of structures. The final shape is a political question. The aim was to make a straight deck under the structuses own weight .
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• Load is only from the concrete of the deck overlay
Hollowcore topping laid
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The results –The east bridge - straight line
South side North side
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Tuning the harp A stringed Harp – the musical instrument – cable-stayed bridge
same method
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The forces and frequencies calculated
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Measured Observed and documented
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Calculated and measured forces compared. The whole bridge without any live loads. If necessary, adjustments are made, (tuning) and measure repeated to get required results. Uncertainty on end support has to be taken into account.
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Next time I will download an app for my smartphone. And tune cables just like I do with my musical instrument.
Occilators apps for Android
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Opening ceremony
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Tuning the Cable-stayed bridges harp Sigurður Ingi Ólafsson
A new pedestrian and cycle route.