Post on 19-Dec-2015
Neurons• Neurons and neuroglia
(multiple sclerosis and neuroglia)
• Where are neurons in the body?
• Types of neurons and their functions
• How do neurons work?– Action potentials– Synapses
The Basics of a Neuron
• Cell body with nucleus
• Axon (carries electrical message)– Note Schwann
cells
• Dendrites (bring stimulus to cell body)
• Axonal terminus
Neurons and neuroglial cells
• Axon in peripheral nervous system with myelin sheeth formed by Schwann cells
• Provides for insulation and allows for saltatory propagation of action potentials
Neuroglial cells in CNS
Neuroglial cells in CNS
• Astrocytes– Most abundant and versatile– Control chemical environment around neurons– Also signal among themselves with slow chemical signals
• Microglia– Monitor health of neurons and transform into immune
macrophages (normal immune cells have no access to CNS)• Ependymal cells
– Line cavities of brain/CNS– Barrier between CFS and tissue fluid– Cilia beat to move CFS
• Oligodendrocytes– Myelin sheaths in CNS
Types of Neurons--structural classes
Types of Neurons—where in body
Types of neurons--examples
How do neurons work—action potentials
Measuring membrane potential
Diffusion and action potential
Saltatory conduction and role of Schwann cells
What happens at the end—chemical synapse
• Neuro-muscular junction is synapse between motor unit and muscle cell (motor unit)