Need•A need is a construct (a convenient or hypothetical concept) which stands free for a force…. In the brain region, a force which organizes perception, apperception, intellection, conation and action in such a way as to transform in a certain direction existing, unsatisfying situation.

Basis for Distinguishing between types of needs.

1. Primary and Secondary Need2. Overt and Covert Needs3. Focal and Diffuse Needs4. Proactive and Reactive Needs5. Process activity, modal needs and effect

needs

Murray's Psychogenic Needs

To surrender and accept punishment

1. Abasement

Murray's Psychogenic Needs

To overcome obstacles and succeed

2. Achievement

Murray's Psychogenic Needs

To obtain possessions

3. Acquisition

Murray's Psychogenic Needs

To make associations and friendships

4. Affiliation

Murray's Psychogenic Needs

To injure others

5. Aggression

Murray's Psychogenic Needs

To resist others and stand strong

6. Autonomy

Murray's Psychogenic Needs

To avoid blame and obey the rules

7. Blameavoidance

Murray's Psychogenic Needs

To build or create

8. Construction

Murray's Psychogenic Needs

To be unique

9. Contrariance

Murray's Psychogenic Needs

To defend honor

10. Counteraction

Murray's Psychogenic Needs

To justify actions

11. Defendance

Murray's Psychogenic Needs

To follow a superior, to serve

12. Deference

Murray's Psychogenic Needs

To control and lead others

13. Dominance

Murray's Psychogenic Needs

To attract attention

14. Exhibition

Murray's Psychogenic Needs

To provide information, educate

15. Exposition

Murray's Psychogenic Needs

To avoid pain

16. Harmavoidance

Murray's Psychogenic Needs

To avoid failure, shame, or to conceal a weakness

17. Infavoidance

Murray's Psychogenic Needs

To protect the helpless

18. Nurturance

Murray's Psychogenic Needs

To arrange, organize, and be precise

19. Order

Murray's Psychogenic Needs

To relieve tension, have fun, or relax

20. Play

Murray's Psychogenic Needs

To gain approval and social status

20. Recognition

Murray's Psychogenic Needs

To exclude another

22. Rejection

Murray's Psychogenic Needs

To enjoy sensuous impressions

23. Sentience

Murray's Psychogenic Needs

To form and enjoy an erotic relationship

24. Sex

Murray's Psychogenic Needs

To empathize

25. Similance

Murray's Psychogenic Needs

To seek protection or sympathy

26. Succorance

Murray's Psychogenic Needs

To analyze and experience , to seek knowledge

27. Understanding

Theories of personality based upon needs and motives suggest that our personalities are a reflection of behaviors controlled by needs.

While some needs are temporary and changing, other needs are more deeply seated in our nature. According to Murray, these psychogenic needs function mostly on the unconscious level, but play a major role in our personality.

Interrelation of Needs

PrepotencyConflictFusion of needsConcept of Subsidation

Henry Murray and Psychological Needs

Murray from a Psychoanalytic PerspectiveMurray used the term personology to describe

his study of human lives and individual differences in personality

Murray described a habit system as automatic, unconscious behaviors shaped by the id, ego, and superego

Murray emphasized positive instincts related to motivation and needs

American psychologist developed a theory of personality that was organized in terms of motives, presses, and needs. Murray described a needs as a, "potentiality or readiness to respond in a certain way under certain given circumstances" (1938).