Murray ian

Need•A need is a construct (a convenient or hypothetical concept) which stands free for a force…. In the brain region, a force which organizes perception, apperception, intellection, conation and action in such a way as to transform in a certain direction existing, unsatisfying situation.

Basis for Distinguishing between types of needs.

1. Primary and Secondary Need2. Overt and Covert Needs3. Focal and Diffuse Needs4. Proactive and Reactive Needs5. Process activity, modal needs and effect

needs

Murray's Psychogenic Needs

To surrender and accept punishment

1. Abasement


To overcome obstacles and succeed

2. Achievement


To obtain possessions

3. Acquisition


To make associations and friendships

4. Affiliation


To injure others

5. Aggression


To resist others and stand strong

6. Autonomy


To avoid blame and obey the rules

7. Blameavoidance


To build or create

8. Construction


To be unique

9. Contrariance


To defend honor

10. Counteraction


To justify actions

11. Defendance


To follow a superior, to serve

12. Deference


To control and lead others

13. Dominance


To attract attention

14. Exhibition


To provide information, educate

15. Exposition


To avoid pain

16. Harmavoidance


To avoid failure, shame, or to conceal a weakness

17. Infavoidance


To protect the helpless

18. Nurturance


To arrange, organize, and be precise

19. Order


To relieve tension, have fun, or relax

20. Play


To gain approval and social status

20. Recognition


To exclude another

22. Rejection


To enjoy sensuous impressions

23. Sentience


To form and enjoy an erotic relationship

24. Sex


To empathize

25. Similance


To seek protection or sympathy

26. Succorance


To analyze and experience , to seek knowledge

27. Understanding

Theories of personality based upon needs and motives suggest that our personalities are a reflection of behaviors controlled by needs.

While some needs are temporary and changing, other needs are more deeply seated in our nature. According to Murray, these psychogenic needs function mostly on the unconscious level, but play a major role in our personality.

Interrelation of Needs

PrepotencyConflictFusion of needsConcept of Subsidation

Henry Murray and Psychological Needs

Murray from a Psychoanalytic PerspectiveMurray used the term personology to describe

his study of human lives and individual differences in personality

Murray described a habit system as automatic, unconscious behaviors shaped by the id, ego, and superego

Murray emphasized positive instincts related to motivation and needs

American psychologist developed a theory of personality that was organized in terms of motives, presses, and needs. Murray described a needs as a, "potentiality or readiness to respond in a certain way under certain given circumstances" (1938).

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