Post on 02-Jan-2016
Multiple-Use, Management, Multiple-Use, Management, Planning And AdministrationPlanning And Administration
Kenneth WilliamsFisheries Extension Specialist Langston University Aquaculture Extension Program
Elements of Forestry
Forest ManagementForest ManagementProcess of organizing
stands so they produce a continuous flow of what ever resources are desired from that forest.
In a sustainable manner.
A way that insures that they are forever available.
Value of Forest Resources Value of Forest Resources Decided By SocietyDecided By Society
Ex. Black walnut along a stream– Source of cabinet
lumber– Squirrel habitat– Control erosion,
protect water quality
Multiple UseMultiple Use
Resource use often in conflict.Management and use of one resource
affects management and availability of other resources.
Forest management tries to optimize the supply of resources relative to demand in a way that ensures sustainability and minimal conflict among competing demands
The Forest Management PlanThe Forest Management Plan
Identifies land owner objectivesOutlines treatments and timetables for each
standProvides evaluation to insure goals are
being met
The Forest Management PlanThe Forest Management Plan
The greater the number of resources to be managed, the more comprehensive the plan.
The higher the intrinsic or monetary value, the more comprehensive the plan
So – The amount of planning essentially depends on the value of the forest.
Multiple Use – Sustained Yield Multiple Use – Sustained Yield Act Of 1960Act Of 1960
National forests are established and administered for outdoor recreation, range, timber, watershed and wildlife and fish purposes.
These 5 categories are the multiple uses.
Multiple Use – Sustained Yield Multiple Use – Sustained Yield Act Of 1960Act Of 1960
Each national forest must supply an adequate amount of these multiple uses over a 50 year period of management
Timber used to be the only thing managed for. Everything else was secondary or not considered at all.
Resource ValueResource Value
Other uses often are of more value than timber. Ex. Campground
Often the value is intrinsic. A dollar amount can not be fixed to it. Ex. Watershed protection, scenic trails, wilderness areas.
What else can you think of?
Forest ManagementForest Management National forests must
be managed to prevent non-point source water pollution.
All timber management practices affect forest wildlife.
Certain species associated with certain successional stages. Ex. Deer and young browse.
Forest ManagementForest Management
Forest industry generally manages for early successional forest ecosystems. Why?
This favors wildlife species that are part of the brushy habitat mosaic. Deer, quail, and grouse. All are popular game species.
These forest lands are very popular with hunters.
Forest ManagementForest Management
Hunting leases sold by some forest industries companies can equal as much per acre as the value of the timber on the land.
Forest ManagementForest ManagementManagement of non-
game species– Leave snags (standing
dead timber) and small un-touched plots in harvested areas for non-game habitat or endangered species.
RangeRange
Grasses found in forest ecosystemsPrimary use is to allow domestic livestock
to roam the forest. Most common in western forests.
Goal – balance quality and quantity of forage with grazing intensity for a given area and forest wide.
RecreationRecreation
Outdoor recreation is increasing.– Particularly snow,
ice and water based activities. Also mountain biking.
RecreationRecreation
Other outdoor recreations– Backpacking– Hiking– Camping– Mountain climbing– Hunting– Fishing– Photography– Horseback riding
Multiple Use InteractionsMultiple Use Interactions
Multiple use often means conflicting goalsInteractions can be:
– Neutral – no effect on another use– Compatible – beneficial effect of small clear
cuts on some wildlife species.– Incompatible –a genuine wilderness
experience is impossible in an area of intensive timber management.
Multiple Use ConflictsMultiple Use Conflicts
May be between resources – ex. specific habitat resource needs of some wildlife and timber management practices.
Conflict may be caused by management techniques. These practices can be modified to lessen conflict.
Multiple Use ConflictsMultiple Use Conflicts
Dominant use- one particular use given priority over other uses. Zoning particular areas.
Partition resources – spatially or in time.
Forest Owners And OwnershipForest Owners And Ownership
Landowner not forester determines objectives
Forester implements landowner objectives by developing a forest management plan
Forester suggests management alternatives to landowner
Types Of Forest LandTypes Of Forest Land
1/3 of land classified as forest landCommercial forest land – produce more
than 1.4 cubic meters per hectare of industrial wood under natural-stand conditions.
Northern and southern regions contain about 75% of commercial forest land
Types Of Forest LandTypes Of Forest Land
Productive deferred land – could be commercial forest but is used for other purposes – national parks, wilderness areas etc. 3.4% of forests.
Types Of Forest LandTypes Of Forest Land
Other forest lands – slow growing forests on poor sites. Production below commercial forest standards.
31% of U.S. forests. 90% of these forests found in the west.
Types Of Forest LandTypes Of Forest Land
18% of commercial forests are in the national forest system. 75 % of these in the west.
14% of commercial forest owned by industry. 53% of these are in the south.
60% of commercial forest owned by private individuals whose major income is not from forestland.
Implementing Management Implementing Management StrategiesStrategies
Planning –assess ownership objectives and forest resources that can satisfy these objectives.
Draw up written plan:– Methodology– Treatment schedules
Implementing Management Implementing Management StrategiesStrategies
Administration – organization of management tasks in order to implement the plan.– Personal supervision– Operational budgets– Resource monitoring
Public Forest Management Public Forest Management AgenciesAgencies
U.S.D.A.– Forest service – national forest system
Department of the Interior– Bureau of Land Management– National Park Service– Fish and Wildlife Service– Bureau of Indian Affairs
Defense Department
Forest ServiceForest Service
Planning occurs at national, regional and local levels.
Local and regional plans meshed to achieve long range national objectives.
Industrial ForestsIndustrial Forests
Size varies from small operations of a few thousand acres to large multinational conglomerates with millions of acres, many mills and 1000’s of employees.
Industrial ForestsIndustrial ForestsManage forest for company
goals and not necessarily efficient forest management.
Need continual flow of timber to the mills.– Expensive to shut down
processing facilities– Need for continual employment
of labor force– Maximum profitability from a
regulated forest
Industrial ForestsIndustrial Forests
Many are now managed for multiple use because it is profitable.
They can lease hunting and fishing access as well as other recreational opportunities.
Good public relations