Post on 27-Dec-2015
1. Spherical (ball)2. Radial (like spokes on a
wheel)3. Bilateral (1/2 animal
mirror image of the other)
4. Asymmetry (no symetry)
Phylum Porifera-(pore bearing) Sponges Asymmetrical Simplest invertebrate Live in water attached to rocks, plants or
other marine animals Filter feeders Large central opening with hundreds of
pores in body wall Cells lining cavity remove and digest food
and waste exits through the central opening
Phylum Cnidaria Ex.-Hydra, Jellyfish, Coral, Sea Anemone Marine Tissue Organization Radial Symmetry Tentacles that have cnidoblasts that aid in
defense and trapping food Digestion in central body cavity which
produces enzymes and broken down materials diffuse into cells
Loose network of nerve cells coordinate activity
Polyp-vase-like and medussa-umbrella
Phylum Platyhelminthes-flatworms Example –Planaria, tapeworms, flukes Bilateral Symetry Cephalization-one end functions as a head
containing nerve cells that sense light, chemicals and pressure
True organs Digestive system-muscular tube with one
opening Excretory-water collecting tubules that
empty into sacs that lead to the exterior Movement by contraction of muscles
coordinated by nervous system Hemaphrodites
Phylum Nematoda Roundworms, hookworms, trichinosis, elephantiasis
Bilateral Symmetry Cephalization Digestive system open at mouth and anus
Phylum Annelida-segmented worms Earthworms and leeches Bilateral symmetry, cephalization Body cavity coelom housing reproductive and
digestive organs which do not touch the body wall
Nephridia in most segment remove water and waste (beginning of kidney)
Water and gases diffuse easily through the skin 5 aortic arches-beginning of the heart Hermaphrodites Setae-bristles that help anchor them to
sediments Move by muscles contracting and relaxing Eat organic material in soil Clitellum (swollen segment) aids in reproduction
Phylum Mollusca-soft body Water-some secrete shell Foot for gripping and creeping over surfaces Mouth, brain-like organ Mantle-thick fold of tissue that covers
internal organs Gills and a heart Bilateral symmetry Gastropods-snails and slugs, one shell Bivalves-two shells osyters,clams Cephalopod-head foot-squid and octopus,
internal shell
Phylum Arthropoda (jointed leg)
Largest phylum- mostly insects Jointed legs, body segments, exoskeleton Insect- 3 body segments, 6 legs Arachnids-2 body segments, 8 legs Crustaceans-crabs, shrimp,lobster Centipedes and millipedes
Complete Metamorphosis- egg-larvae(worm-like does not resemble adult-eats a lot)pupa stage(wraps in cocoon and drastic body changes occur)adult. Ex butterfly
Incomplete Metamorphosis-egg-nymph (looks like adult but does not have wings and can not reproduce) and adult. Ex grasshopper
Social insects-live in groups and have a division of labor
Queen produces eggs to maintain colony
Drones mate with queen Workers-daughters of the queen
which take care of eggs and larvae and maintain hive and find food
Communication-insects communicate using pheromones, visual signals, and motion
Protection-foul odors, stingers, mimicry, camouflage
Phylum Echinodermata-spiny skin Starfish, sea cucumber, brittle star, sea
bisquit, sea urchin Internal skeleton endoskeleton Skin helps to protect from predators Marine Bilateral symmetry
Phylum Chordata-have notochord-stiff flexible rod of tissue that runs the length of the body
Hollow nerve cord-spinal cord that is just above notochord
Fish Bilateral symetry Ectothermic-cold-blooded 2chamber heart Sharks and rays-cartilage skeleton-
Chondrichthyes Most other fish bones-Osteichthyes Gills to filter oxygen out of water Spawn- external fertilization and
development
Amphibians(double life) Frogs, toads, salamanders Bilateral symmetry 3 chamber heart Tadpoles breathe through gills, frogs
breathe through lungs, mouth, and thin skin (must stay moist)
Must lay eggs in water-external fertilization and development and metamorphosis to live on land
Ectothermic Indicators of pollution because of thin skin
Crocodile, alligator, lizard, turtle, dinosaur, snake
Bilateral symetry 3 chamber heart Amniotic egg (egg with shell) that does
not dry out and allows animals to move onto land
Internal fertilization, external development
ectothermic
Aves-birds Bilateral symmetry Endothermic 4 chamber heart Feathers Bones filled with air spaces so
lightweight Migrate to find food, warmer climate,
breed Use landmarks, wind currents, sun and
stars to help them in migration
Mammals Bilateral symmetry Endothermic Four chamber heart Mammary glands, body hair, birth live
youngAnd give extended care to young
teaching survival skills3types1. Monotremes-lay eggs (duck-billed
platypus and spiny anteater)
2. Marsupials- pouched mammals kangaroos
give birth to immature young that finish developing in pouch
3. Placentals-give birth to young that develop in mother’s uterus (95% of mammals)placenta provides food and oxygen to baby and excretes baby waste to mother
Cetaceans-mammals that live in the sea (whale, dolphin)