Multicellular, Eukaryotic,

Heterotrophic

Invertebrates-No backbone

Vertebrates- Backbones

1. Spherical (ball)2. Radial (like spokes on a

wheel)3. Bilateral (1/2 animal

mirror image of the other)

4. Asymmetry (no symetry)

Anterior-Head Posterior-Tail Dorsal-top/back surface Ventral-bottom/stomach surface

Phylum Porifera-(pore bearing) Sponges Asymmetrical Simplest invertebrate Live in water attached to rocks, plants or

other marine animals Filter feeders Large central opening with hundreds of

pores in body wall Cells lining cavity remove and digest food

and waste exits through the central opening

Phylum Cnidaria Ex.-Hydra, Jellyfish, Coral, Sea Anemone Marine Tissue Organization Radial Symmetry Tentacles that have cnidoblasts that aid in

defense and trapping food Digestion in central body cavity which

produces enzymes and broken down materials diffuse into cells

Loose network of nerve cells coordinate activity

Polyp-vase-like and medussa-umbrella

Phylum Platyhelminthes-flatworms Example –Planaria, tapeworms, flukes Bilateral Symetry Cephalization-one end functions as a head

containing nerve cells that sense light, chemicals and pressure

True organs Digestive system-muscular tube with one

opening Excretory-water collecting tubules that

empty into sacs that lead to the exterior Movement by contraction of muscles

coordinated by nervous system Hemaphrodites

Phylum Nematoda Roundworms, hookworms, trichinosis, elephantiasis

Bilateral Symmetry Cephalization Digestive system open at mouth and anus

Phylum Annelida-segmented worms Earthworms and leeches Bilateral symmetry, cephalization Body cavity coelom housing reproductive and

digestive organs which do not touch the body wall

Nephridia in most segment remove water and waste (beginning of kidney)

Water and gases diffuse easily through the skin 5 aortic arches-beginning of the heart Hermaphrodites Setae-bristles that help anchor them to

sediments Move by muscles contracting and relaxing Eat organic material in soil Clitellum (swollen segment) aids in reproduction

Phylum Mollusca-soft body Water-some secrete shell Foot for gripping and creeping over surfaces Mouth, brain-like organ Mantle-thick fold of tissue that covers

internal organs Gills and a heart Bilateral symmetry Gastropods-snails and slugs, one shell Bivalves-two shells osyters,clams Cephalopod-head foot-squid and octopus,

internal shell

Phylum Arthropoda (jointed leg)

Largest phylum- mostly insects Jointed legs, body segments, exoskeleton Insect- 3 body segments, 6 legs Arachnids-2 body segments, 8 legs Crustaceans-crabs, shrimp,lobster Centipedes and millipedes

Complete Metamorphosis- egg-larvae(worm-like does not resemble adult-eats a lot)pupa stage(wraps in cocoon and drastic body changes occur)adult. Ex butterfly

Incomplete Metamorphosis-egg-nymph (looks like adult but does not have wings and can not reproduce) and adult. Ex grasshopper

Social insects-live in groups and have a division of labor

Queen produces eggs to maintain colony

Drones mate with queen Workers-daughters of the queen

which take care of eggs and larvae and maintain hive and find food

Communication-insects communicate using pheromones, visual signals, and motion

Protection-foul odors, stingers, mimicry, camouflage

Phylum Echinodermata-spiny skin Starfish, sea cucumber, brittle star, sea

bisquit, sea urchin Internal skeleton endoskeleton Skin helps to protect from predators Marine Bilateral symmetry

Phylum Chordata-have notochord-stiff flexible rod of tissue that runs the length of the body

Hollow nerve cord-spinal cord that is just above notochord

Fish Bilateral symetry Ectothermic-cold-blooded 2chamber heart Sharks and rays-cartilage skeleton-

Chondrichthyes Most other fish bones-Osteichthyes Gills to filter oxygen out of water Spawn- external fertilization and

development

Amphibians(double life) Frogs, toads, salamanders Bilateral symmetry 3 chamber heart Tadpoles breathe through gills, frogs

breathe through lungs, mouth, and thin skin (must stay moist)

Must lay eggs in water-external fertilization and development and metamorphosis to live on land

Ectothermic Indicators of pollution because of thin skin

Crocodile, alligator, lizard, turtle, dinosaur, snake

Bilateral symetry 3 chamber heart Amniotic egg (egg with shell) that does

not dry out and allows animals to move onto land

Internal fertilization, external development

ectothermic

Aves-birds Bilateral symmetry Endothermic 4 chamber heart Feathers Bones filled with air spaces so

lightweight Migrate to find food, warmer climate,

breed Use landmarks, wind currents, sun and

stars to help them in migration

Mammals Bilateral symmetry Endothermic Four chamber heart Mammary glands, body hair, birth live

youngAnd give extended care to young

teaching survival skills3types1. Monotremes-lay eggs (duck-billed

platypus and spiny anteater)

2. Marsupials- pouched mammals kangaroos

give birth to immature young that finish developing in pouch

3. Placentals-give birth to young that develop in mother’s uterus (95% of mammals)placenta provides food and oxygen to baby and excretes baby waste to mother

Cetaceans-mammals that live in the sea (whale, dolphin)