Motivation: Concept,

Motivation and Performance,

Theories Of Motivation,

Approaches for Improving Motivation,

Pay and Job Performance,

Quality of Work Life,

Morale Building.

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Nice Work Environement

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Definition

• Motivation is the willingness to exert high levels of effort o reach preset organizational goals , conditioned by the effort's ability to satisfy some individual need.

• Three key elements hence that describe and justify motivation are -

(a)Effort (b)Organizational Goal (c) Needs.

• Effort - if someone is striving sincerely , faithfully ,

regularly , in a quality oriented way , and towards a specific goal , then we say it is effort.

We can say that effort is in vain if it is in the wrong direction.

Hence , understanding of the Job Expectations and Targets is the first and foremost requirement for any manager to keep his / her employees in a Positive Frame of Mind.

Performance Definition

• The accomplishment of a given task measured against preset known standards of

accuracy, completeness, cost, and speed. • In a contract, performance is deemed to be

the fulfillment of an obligation, in a manner that releases the performer from all liabilities

under the contract.

Motivation Linked Performance • Example - Child and Father Behaviour .

• The level of performance of an employee is the direct outcome of the effort he/she has put into accomplishing a given task. The effort element is a measure of intensity the worker is performing a givn task. High level of effort is bound to give a high level of performance. Performance has to be -

(a).Channelized (b).Quality Oriented (c).Intense

• Process of Motivation By process of motivation we mean - the various organizational

efforts , steps made my managers , management of any organization to see that the workforce is in a motivated state of mind and alongside, the achievement of organizational goals is not hampered. All employees perform , better employees perform better , highly motivated employees perform best.

NeedRealization

Tension From Unfullfillment

Goal Setting

Search For

Solutions

Work Satisfaction

Fullfillment of Need.

Release ofTension

Highly Motivated Workforce

What Motivates Us -

1. Fulfillment of Physiological Needs.

2. Fullfillment of Security Needs.

3. Fullfillment of Social Appraisal Needs.

4. Fullfillment of Self-Esteem upgradation needs.

5. Self - Actualization - Performance at topmost level.

Theories Of Motivation• Abraham Maslow's - Hierarchy of needs theory.• Douglas McGregor's - Theory X and Theory Y• Frederick Herzberg's - Theory of Motivation - Hygiene• David McClelland's - Theory of Three Needs (APA) - achievement ,

power , affiliation• J Stacey Adams - Equity Theory• Victor Vroom's - Expectancy Theory (effort - performance linkage) ,

(performance - reward linkage) , (attractiveness)• Richard Hackman's & Greg Oldham's - Job Characteristics Model

• Differentiate between Contemporary Theories of Motivation and Early Theories of Motivation ?• What is different in motivating - Professional employees and Technical employees ? • Describe Expectancy Theory as the Comprehensive Theory of Management ?• What is Tele-Commuting ? • Briefly Describe - Stock Options , Tele-Commuting , Flex-Time , Job Sharing .

• Describe the effect of - JOB DESIGN or Job Characteristics Model on Motivation of employees ?

Morale Definition (Internet)

• a : the mental and emotional condition (as of enthusiasm, confidence, or loyalty) of an individual or group with regard to the function or tasks at hand

• b : a sense of common purpose with respect to a group :

Quality Of Work Life• Opportunity for - Work Time Sharing (Flex

Time)• Opportunity for Job Sharing• Opportunity for Tele-Commuting• Give more autonomy to employees