Modern Art and Modern Art and Architecture, Architecture,

1850-19141850-1914From Realism to DadaFrom Realism to Dada

Key Questions, 2/19Key Questions, 2/19

Analyze the trends in art in the Analyze the trends in art in the period, 1850-1914, and the extent to period, 1850-1914, and the extent to which they challenged traditional which they challenged traditional ideas of aesthetics.ideas of aesthetics.

How do the artistic and cultural How do the artistic and cultural trends illustrate the “mood” prior to trends illustrate the “mood” prior to WWI?WWI?

REALISMREALISM Response to Response to

RomanticismRomanticism Dominant style circa Dominant style circa

1850-18751850-1875 Focus on life as it is Focus on life as it is

really lived—”warts and really lived—”warts and all”all”

Connection to problems Connection to problems of industry, of industry, urbanization, mass urbanization, mass politicspolitics

Connection to literature, Connection to literature, science, medicinescience, medicine

Gross Clinic by Eakins

The Sower by Millet

REALISM: THE WORKING REALISM: THE WORKING CLASSCLASS

Jean-Francois Millet (1815-Jean-Francois Millet (1815-74)74)

Honore Daumier (1808-79)Honore Daumier (1808-79) Gustave Courbet (1819-77Gustave Courbet (1819-77))

Third Class Carriage by Daumier

The Stonebreakers by Courbet

The Gleaners by Millet

PHOTOGRAPHER – PHOTOGRAPHER – CHANGING CHANGING

REPRESENTATIONSREPRESENTATIONS Photography Photography

developed in the developed in the middle of 19middle of 19thth c. c.

Changed task of Changed task of painter from painter from chronicler and chronicler and representation to representation to imagination, imagination, abstractionabstraction

Photojournalism to Photojournalism to highlight social highlight social problemsproblems

Jacob Riis—Dutch-Jacob Riis—Dutch-AmericanAmerican Riis – Tenement

home

Jacob Riis

Jacob Riis

Rebel Sharpshooter by Alexander Gardner

SCULPTURESCULPTURE

Auguste Rodin Auguste Rodin (1840-1917)(1840-1917)

Most famous for Most famous for “The Thinker”“The Thinker”

Sought to Sought to imitate imitate impressionists impressionists with effect of with effect of light and shadelight and shade

Rodin – Man with Broken Nose

Rodin’s – The Thinker

TRANSITIONTRANSITION

Eduard Manet and Eduard Manet and James WhistlerJames Whistler

Move toward Move toward abstractionabstraction

Ruskin case and Ruskin case and role of criticsrole of critics

Challenge to Challenge to traditional traditional aesthetic motifsaesthetic motifs

Move away from Move away from shadowingshadowing Manet’s

The Fifer

Nocturne in Gold and

Blue: Falling

Rocket by Whistler

IMPRESSIONISIMPRESSIONISMM

Influence of Influence of photographyphotography

Interest in light, Interest in light, shadowshadow

Focus on everyday Focus on everyday life—street life—street scenes, still lives, scenes, still lives, parks, etc.parks, etc.

Interest in how Interest in how objects change in objects change in light over timelight over time

Exhibited their Exhibited their works togetherworks together

Cassatt’s Mother and Child

CLAUDE MONET (1840-CLAUDE MONET (1840-1926)1926)

Named the Named the movementmovement

Focus on subtle Focus on subtle nuances of color nuances of color and lightand light

Famous for Famous for haystacks, water haystacks, water lilies, Notre lilies, Notre Dame CathedralDame Cathedral

Monet’s Haystack

Monet’s Water Lilies

Monet’s

Water Lilies

Monet’s Boaters

OTHER OTHER IMPRESSIONISTSIMPRESSIONISTS

Pierre Pierre Auguste Auguste Renoir Renoir (1841-(1841-1919)1919)

Edgar Edgar Degas Degas (1834-(1834-1917)1917)

Mary Mary Cassatt Cassatt (1844-(1844-1926)—1926)—AmericanAmerican

Renoir’s The Boater’s Party

POST-IMPRESSIONISMPOST-IMPRESSIONISM

More interested in More interested in form and structure form and structure than Impressioniststhan Impressionists

Focus on broad fields Focus on broad fields of color of color

Beginnings of Beginnings of movement away from movement away from clear and distinct clear and distinct representationrepresentation

Van Gogh, Seurat Van Gogh, Seurat (1859-91) Toulouse-(1859-91) Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-1901)Lautrec (1864-1901)

Pointillism—related Pointillism—related

Toulouse-Lautrec’s Toulouse-Lautrec’s At At the Moulin Rougethe Moulin Rouge

Saturday Afternoon by

Seurat

VINCENT VAN GOGH VINCENT VAN GOGH (1853-90)(1853-90)

Began in realist styleBegan in realist style Sold only 1 painting in his lifetimeSold only 1 painting in his lifetime Famous for swirling, passionate brushstrokesFamous for swirling, passionate brushstrokes Used yellow (ran out), influenced by Japanese Used yellow (ran out), influenced by Japanese

artart Difficulty with othersDifficulty with others Suicide (archetype of “tortured artist”)Suicide (archetype of “tortured artist”)

Billiards by Van Gogh

Sunflowers by Van Gogh

Self-Portrait by Van Gogh

Starry Night by Van Gogh

EXPRESSIONIEXPRESSIONISMSM

More interested in More interested in breaking bonds of breaking bonds of previous traditionsprevious traditions

Abstraction and Abstraction and subjective subjective experiencesexperiences

1905 Fauvist Exhibit1905 Fauvist Exhibit Henri Matisse (1869-Henri Matisse (1869-

1954), Paul Cezanne 1954), Paul Cezanne (1839-1906), Paul (1839-1906), Paul Gauguin (1848-Gauguin (1848-1903), James Ensor 1903), James Ensor (1860-1949), Edvard (1860-1949), Edvard Munch 1863-1944)Munch 1863-1944)

The Scream by Munch

Woman with the Green Stripe by Matisse

USE OF COLORUSE OF COLOR

SUBJECTIVITY AND SUBJECTIVITY AND ABSTRACTIONABSTRACTION

CUBISMCUBISM Influence of Influence of

relativity theoryrelativity theory Looking at Looking at

objects from objects from multiple multiple perspectivesperspectives

Sense of time as Sense of time as not absolutenot absolute

Founders: Pablo Founders: Pablo Picasso (1881-Picasso (1881-1973), Georges 1973), Georges Braque (1882-Braque (1882-1963)1963) BraqBraq

ueue

Braque Untitled

Braque Untitled

PICASSO (ONE OF TWO PICASSO (ONE OF TWO PAINTERS THE PAINTERS THE 100100))

Picasso’s Blue Dove

Picasso’s Poet

Picasso Self-Portrait

Picasso’s Loki

FUTURISMFUTURISM Interest in science Interest in science

and technologyand technology Critical of traditional Critical of traditional

artistic motifs—artistic motifs—religious scenes, religious scenes, nudes, history, etc.nudes, history, etc.

Issued manifestoes Issued manifestoes that called for that called for change, by change, by destruction if destruction if necessarynecessary

Died out after World Died out after World War IWar I

Umberto BoccioniUmberto Boccioni

Dynamism of a Cyclist by BoccioniBoccioni

DADAISMDADAISM

Anti-art movement Anti-art movement on eve of WWIon eve of WWI

Name refers to Name refers to meaningless meaningless childish babblechildish babble

Questions Questions traditional bases of traditional bases of artart

Marcel Duchamp Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968) (1887-1968) founderfounder

Duchamp

MODERN MODERN ARCHITECTUREARCHITECTURE

““Form follows Form follows function”function”

Focus less on Focus less on ornamentation, more ornamentation, more on building reflecting on building reflecting its useits use

““A box with windows”A box with windows” New building materialsNew building materials

—steel and reinforced —steel and reinforced concreteconcrete

Louis Sullivan (1856-Louis Sullivan (1856-1924) and Frank Lloyd 1924) and Frank Lloyd Wright (1869-1959)—Wright (1869-1959)—Prairie StylePrairie Style

Sullivan’s Carson Pierre Scott Building

Sullivan’s Wainwright

Building

Frank Lloyd Wright – Oak Park,

Illinois

Frank Lloyd Wright’s Roby House Hyde Park,

Chicago