Modern Art and Architecture, 1850-1914
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Transcript of Modern Art and Architecture, 1850-1914
Modern Art and Modern Art and Architecture, Architecture,
1850-19141850-1914From Realism to DadaFrom Realism to Dada
Key Questions, 2/19Key Questions, 2/19
Analyze the trends in art in the Analyze the trends in art in the period, 1850-1914, and the extent to period, 1850-1914, and the extent to which they challenged traditional which they challenged traditional ideas of aesthetics.ideas of aesthetics.
How do the artistic and cultural How do the artistic and cultural trends illustrate the “mood” prior to trends illustrate the “mood” prior to WWI?WWI?
REALISMREALISM Response to Response to
RomanticismRomanticism Dominant style circa Dominant style circa
1850-18751850-1875 Focus on life as it is Focus on life as it is
really lived—”warts and really lived—”warts and all”all”
Connection to problems Connection to problems of industry, of industry, urbanization, mass urbanization, mass politicspolitics
Connection to literature, Connection to literature, science, medicinescience, medicine
Gross Clinic by Eakins
The Sower by Millet
REALISM: THE WORKING REALISM: THE WORKING CLASSCLASS
Jean-Francois Millet (1815-Jean-Francois Millet (1815-74)74)
Honore Daumier (1808-79)Honore Daumier (1808-79) Gustave Courbet (1819-77Gustave Courbet (1819-77))
Third Class Carriage by Daumier
The Stonebreakers by Courbet
The Gleaners by Millet
PHOTOGRAPHER – PHOTOGRAPHER – CHANGING CHANGING
REPRESENTATIONSREPRESENTATIONS Photography Photography
developed in the developed in the middle of 19middle of 19thth c. c.
Changed task of Changed task of painter from painter from chronicler and chronicler and representation to representation to imagination, imagination, abstractionabstraction
Photojournalism to Photojournalism to highlight social highlight social problemsproblems
Jacob Riis—Dutch-Jacob Riis—Dutch-AmericanAmerican Riis – Tenement
home
Jacob Riis
Jacob Riis
Rebel Sharpshooter by Alexander Gardner
SCULPTURESCULPTURE
Auguste Rodin Auguste Rodin (1840-1917)(1840-1917)
Most famous for Most famous for “The Thinker”“The Thinker”
Sought to Sought to imitate imitate impressionists impressionists with effect of with effect of light and shadelight and shade
Rodin – Man with Broken Nose
Rodin’s – The Thinker
TRANSITIONTRANSITION
Eduard Manet and Eduard Manet and James WhistlerJames Whistler
Move toward Move toward abstractionabstraction
Ruskin case and Ruskin case and role of criticsrole of critics
Challenge to Challenge to traditional traditional aesthetic motifsaesthetic motifs
Move away from Move away from shadowingshadowing Manet’s
The Fifer
Nocturne in Gold and
Blue: Falling
Rocket by Whistler
IMPRESSIONISIMPRESSIONISMM
Influence of Influence of photographyphotography
Interest in light, Interest in light, shadowshadow
Focus on everyday Focus on everyday life—street life—street scenes, still lives, scenes, still lives, parks, etc.parks, etc.
Interest in how Interest in how objects change in objects change in light over timelight over time
Exhibited their Exhibited their works togetherworks together
Cassatt’s Mother and Child
CLAUDE MONET (1840-CLAUDE MONET (1840-1926)1926)
Named the Named the movementmovement
Focus on subtle Focus on subtle nuances of color nuances of color and lightand light
Famous for Famous for haystacks, water haystacks, water lilies, Notre lilies, Notre Dame CathedralDame Cathedral
Monet’s Haystack
Monet’s Water Lilies
Monet’s
Water Lilies
Monet’s Boaters
OTHER OTHER IMPRESSIONISTSIMPRESSIONISTS
Pierre Pierre Auguste Auguste Renoir Renoir (1841-(1841-1919)1919)
Edgar Edgar Degas Degas (1834-(1834-1917)1917)
Mary Mary Cassatt Cassatt (1844-(1844-1926)—1926)—AmericanAmerican
Renoir’s The Boater’s Party
POST-IMPRESSIONISMPOST-IMPRESSIONISM
More interested in More interested in form and structure form and structure than Impressioniststhan Impressionists
Focus on broad fields Focus on broad fields of color of color
Beginnings of Beginnings of movement away from movement away from clear and distinct clear and distinct representationrepresentation
Van Gogh, Seurat Van Gogh, Seurat (1859-91) Toulouse-(1859-91) Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-1901)Lautrec (1864-1901)
Pointillism—related Pointillism—related
Toulouse-Lautrec’s Toulouse-Lautrec’s At At the Moulin Rougethe Moulin Rouge
Saturday Afternoon by
Seurat
VINCENT VAN GOGH VINCENT VAN GOGH (1853-90)(1853-90)
Began in realist styleBegan in realist style Sold only 1 painting in his lifetimeSold only 1 painting in his lifetime Famous for swirling, passionate brushstrokesFamous for swirling, passionate brushstrokes Used yellow (ran out), influenced by Japanese Used yellow (ran out), influenced by Japanese
artart Difficulty with othersDifficulty with others Suicide (archetype of “tortured artist”)Suicide (archetype of “tortured artist”)
Billiards by Van Gogh
Sunflowers by Van Gogh
Self-Portrait by Van Gogh
Starry Night by Van Gogh
EXPRESSIONIEXPRESSIONISMSM
More interested in More interested in breaking bonds of breaking bonds of previous traditionsprevious traditions
Abstraction and Abstraction and subjective subjective experiencesexperiences
1905 Fauvist Exhibit1905 Fauvist Exhibit Henri Matisse (1869-Henri Matisse (1869-
1954), Paul Cezanne 1954), Paul Cezanne (1839-1906), Paul (1839-1906), Paul Gauguin (1848-Gauguin (1848-1903), James Ensor 1903), James Ensor (1860-1949), Edvard (1860-1949), Edvard Munch 1863-1944)Munch 1863-1944)
The Scream by Munch
Woman with the Green Stripe by Matisse
USE OF COLORUSE OF COLOR
SUBJECTIVITY AND SUBJECTIVITY AND ABSTRACTIONABSTRACTION
CUBISMCUBISM Influence of Influence of
relativity theoryrelativity theory Looking at Looking at
objects from objects from multiple multiple perspectivesperspectives
Sense of time as Sense of time as not absolutenot absolute
Founders: Pablo Founders: Pablo Picasso (1881-Picasso (1881-1973), Georges 1973), Georges Braque (1882-Braque (1882-1963)1963) BraqBraq
ueue
Braque Untitled
Braque Untitled
PICASSO (ONE OF TWO PICASSO (ONE OF TWO PAINTERS THE PAINTERS THE 100100))
Picasso’s Blue Dove
Picasso’s Poet
Picasso Self-Portrait
Picasso’s Loki
FUTURISMFUTURISM Interest in science Interest in science
and technologyand technology Critical of traditional Critical of traditional
artistic motifs—artistic motifs—religious scenes, religious scenes, nudes, history, etc.nudes, history, etc.
Issued manifestoes Issued manifestoes that called for that called for change, by change, by destruction if destruction if necessarynecessary
Died out after World Died out after World War IWar I
Umberto BoccioniUmberto Boccioni
Dynamism of a Cyclist by BoccioniBoccioni
DADAISMDADAISM
Anti-art movement Anti-art movement on eve of WWIon eve of WWI
Name refers to Name refers to meaningless meaningless childish babblechildish babble
Questions Questions traditional bases of traditional bases of artart
Marcel Duchamp Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968) (1887-1968) founderfounder
Duchamp
MODERN MODERN ARCHITECTUREARCHITECTURE
““Form follows Form follows function”function”
Focus less on Focus less on ornamentation, more ornamentation, more on building reflecting on building reflecting its useits use
““A box with windows”A box with windows” New building materialsNew building materials
—steel and reinforced —steel and reinforced concreteconcrete
Louis Sullivan (1856-Louis Sullivan (1856-1924) and Frank Lloyd 1924) and Frank Lloyd Wright (1869-1959)—Wright (1869-1959)—Prairie StylePrairie Style
Sullivan’s Carson Pierre Scott Building
Sullivan’s Wainwright
Building
Frank Lloyd Wright – Oak Park,
Illinois
Frank Lloyd Wright’s Roby House Hyde Park,
Chicago