Post on 02-Aug-2015
sophan501@yahoo.comsophan501@yahoo.com
UNIVERSITAS RIAU KEPULAUAN
Jalan Batu Aji Baru – Batu AjiTelp : (0778) 394 388 Fax : (0778) 391 868
Batam – Kepri - Indonesia
Modal Modal AuxiliariesAuxiliaries
sophan501@yahoo.comsophan501@yahoo.com
Modal Auxiliaries
Modal Auxiliaries
Modal Auxiliaries
Modal Auxiliaries
“ Each modal has more than one meaning or use “
Will, Would, Shall, Should, Ought to, Can, Could, May, Might, Must, Had
better, Need and Dare.
“They are helping verbs that express a wide range of meanings”
Modal Auxiliaries
Modal Auxiliaries are immediately followed by the simple form of a
verb. They are not followed by to. The main verb does not have a final –s. The main verb is not in a past form. The main verb is not in its –ing.
Modal Auxiliaries
Modal Auxiliaries
1. Possibility
Modals Time Meaning
WillMust
FuturePast/Present
Pasti
ShouldOught to
Future Kemungkinan besar
MayMightCould
Past/Present/Future Mungkin
For example. If A is bigger than B and B is bigger than C, then A must
be bigger than C. John : Where is Sue?
Ed : I don’t really know. She may be studying in her room, or she might be at the library.
Modal Auxiliaries
2. Impossibility
Modals Time Meaning
Could notCannot
Past/Present/Future Tidak mungkin
Must not Past/Present/Future Pasti tidak
May notMight not
Past/Present/Future Mungkin tidak
For example. Rio couldn’t have taken your expensive dictionay
yesterday because he had been with me all day. You may have forgotten to put it.
Note: Degree of uncertainty in - / ?
Conclussion meaning.Cont. Form : S + modal + be + Ving.Past form: S + modal + have + V3.
Modal Auxiliaries
3. Wishes
Modals Time Meaning
May Present/Future Semoga, Mudah2an
For example. May he come here on time tonight. May Ann’s father not forget her. May she be happy now.
Note: special form : May + S + Vbi.
Modal Auxiliaries
4. Ability
For example. They can speak Spain fluently. Sherina could run fast when she was a child Sherina was able to run fast yesterday.
Note: In negative form, there is no difference in meaning
between Could and Be able to. In affirmative form, if there is a particular time in the past, only be able to is used. Could is used when an adverbial clause is performed.
Modals Time Meaning
Can Present/Future Mampu, Bisa, Dapat
Could Past Mampu, Bisa, Dapat
Be able to All tenses Mampu, Bisa, Dapat
Modal Auxiliaries
5. Necessity
For example. I must go home tomorrow. You don’t have to shout. I had to go to class yesterday.
Note Must : Internal Obligation
e.g. I must go to the meeting. Because I go there, I will get some important information.
Have to : External Obligatione.g. I have to go to the meeting because my boss ordered me to go there.
Modals Time Meaning
Must Present/Future Harus
Have to Present/Future Harus
Had to Past Harus
Modal Auxiliaries
6. Prohibition
For example. She must not go out now because she is still fever. You must not enter the room. There is a meeting inside.
Modals Time Meaning
Must not Present/Future Tidak boleh/jangan
7. Suggestion
For example. X : My wife was angry with me yesterday.
Y : You could have been patient, or you could have asked yourself what you had done.
Modals Time Meaning
Could Past/Present/FutureSebaiknya/seharusnya
Modal Auxiliaries
8. Advisability
For example. X : I failed on my exam.
Y : You should have studied hard before the exam. You had better stop smoking, or I’ll leave you.
Note: Past form : S + modal + have + V3. Had better is a strong advice. It implies a warning or
threat of possible bad consequences.
Modals Time Meaning
ShouldOught to
Past/Present/FutureSeharusnya/sebaiknya
Had better Present/Future Lebih baik
Modal Auxiliaries
9. Habitual Action in the past
For example. When I was a child, I would visit my grand mother every
weekend. X : Did you use to have breakfast at Baliku Cafe?
Y : Yes. I used to have breakfast at Baliku Cafe when I stayed in Pare.
Modals Time Meaning
Would Past Dulu terbiasa
Used to Past Dulu terbiasa
Modal Auxiliaries
10. Preference
For example. X : Where did you go last night?
Y : I didn’t go anywhere. I would rather have watched TV than gone for a walk.
X : Do you want to join us now? We are going to Mirota Beach.Y : No, I’m tired. I would rather be staying at home than going to the beach.
Note : Other forms expressing preference. S + prefer + pro(noun) + to + pro(noun). S + prefer + V-ing + to + V-ing. S + prefer + to inf + than + (to) inf.
Modals Time Meaning
Would rather Past/Present/Future Lebih suka
Modal Auxiliaries
11. Request
For example. May I borrow your pen (please)? Would you (please) pass the salt?
Note : Other forms of Would you ... ? Would you like + to inf ... ? Would you mind + V-ing ... ? Would you mind + if + I + V2 ... ?
Modal Time Meaning
Subject “I”Can, Could,May, Might
Present/Future Bolehkah ... ?
Subject “You”Can, Could,Will, Would
Present/Future Maukah ... ?
Modal Auxiliaries
Note: Semi Modal
Need Meaning Dare Meaning
As Noun
Studying is not my
obligation, but it is my
need.
KebutuhanI take your
dare.Tantangan
As Ordinary
Verb
She needs not only me but also my
love.
Membutuhkan/
memerlukan
She doesn’t dare to look
at me.Berani
As Auxiliary
Verb
You needn’t worry about the problem.
Harus/perluI dare see her parent
tonight.Berani
Matur Thank You Engkang So Much