Презентация Презентация на тему: на тему:

““Modal and Auxiliary Verbs”Modal and Auxiliary Verbs”

Презентация Презентация на тему: на тему: “Modal “Modal

and Auxiliary Verbs”and Auxiliary Verbs”

Welcome toWelcome to Modal and Modal and Auxiliary Auxiliary Verbs!Verbs!

Modality is expression of is expression of speaker's attitude to what his utterance speaker's attitude to what his utterance

denotes.denotes.

Modal verbs have some peculiarities: We We can'tcan't use them as "to"-infinitives: use them as "to"-infinitives: to go, to to go, to

speakspeak. . We We don' tdon' t use the "to"-infinitives after modals: use the "to"-infinitives after modals:

E.g. You mustn't phone now. It's late. E.g. You mustn't phone now. It's late. There is There is nnоо - - (e)s(e)s in the 3rd person singular: in the 3rd person singular:

E.g. The boss can see you now. E.g. The boss can see you now.

UseUseWe use modal and

auxiliary verbs:To make short answers.

E.g. You can take it.E.g. You can take it.To make questions.

E.g. May I go to the club?E.g. May I go to the club?

Use of Use of CanCan We use "can" to:We use "can" to: - talk about ability (what is possible, what we are able

or free to do): E.g. E.g. She She cancan drive a car. drive a car. - make requests E.g. E.g. CanCan you make a cup of coffee, please you make a cup of coffee, please??- ask for or give permission -- Can Can I smoke in this room? I smoke in this room? - You - You can'tcan't smoke here, but you smoke here, but you cancan smoke in the smoke in the

garden. garden.

Use ofUse of CouldCouldWe use "could" to: talk abouttalk about past ability

E.g. When we arrived home, we E.g. When we arrived home, we could notcould not open the open the door.door.

makemake requests

E.g.E.g. Could Could you tell me where the bank is, you tell me where the bank is, please?please?

ask for or give permission

E.g. Could my friends come to stay next weekend?

Use ofUse of May, MightMay, MightWe use “may, might" for: possibility

E.g.E.g. Jack may get upset if you don't tell him Jack may get upset if you don't tell him the truth. the truth.

We use “may" for: permission

E.g.E.g. You may leave the table when you finish your dinner.

Use ofUse of MustMustWe use “must" for: personal obligation.

E.g. He must work harder. logical conclusion

E.g. There's the doorbell. It must be Roger.

Use ofUse of Mustn’tMustn’tWe use “mustn’t" for: Prohibition

E.g. You mustn't open this parcel before Christmas Day. (It is necessary that you do not do it (so, don't do it).

Obligation

E.g. I mustn’t forget this date.

Use ofUse of Have toHave toWe use ‘We use ‘have tohave to’ for’ for Necessity. ‘You have to do something’ ‘You have to do something’

because of a rule or the situationbecause of a rule or the situation

E.g. E.g. You can't turn right here. You have to You can't turn right here. You have to turn left.turn left. ( (Because of the traffic systemBecause of the traffic system) )

Obligation (usually from someone else)(usually from someone else)

E.g. E.g. I have to be at home by 8. My mum said I have to be at home by 8. My mum said so.so.

Use ofUse of don’t have don’t have toto

We use ‘have to’ for:We use ‘have to’ for: Lack of necessity

E.g. You don't have to tell me. (= you don't need E.g. You don't have to tell me. (= you don't need to tell meto tell me))

Final conclusionFinal conclusion

CanCanCouldCould

MayMay MightMight MustMustMustn’Mustn’

ttHave Have

toto

Don’t Don’t have have

toto

• AbilityAbility• RequeReque

stssts• PermisPermis

sionsion

• PossiPossibilitybility

• PerPermissimissionon

• PosPossibilsibilityity

• PersoPersonal nal obligaobligation tion

• LogicLogical al conclconclusionusion

• ProhiProhibitionbition

• ObligObligationation

• NeceNecessityssity

• ObligObligationation

• Lack Lack of of necesnecessitysity

Let’s train!Let’s train!

Explain the meanings of the modal verbs in the

following sentences 1.1. We We cancan discuss it now, clause by clause. discuss it now, clause by clause.2.2. In the dimness of the room I In the dimness of the room I could notcould not see him very well. see him very well.3.3. CouldCould you bring me some paper, please, to write my note on? you bring me some paper, please, to write my note on?4.4. Of course I’m too young to be a really good writer yet, but I Of course I’m too young to be a really good writer yet, but I

try hard, and one day I try hard, and one day I maymay achieve something. achieve something. 5.5. ““Then Then maymay I send Kate to you?” “But of course.” I send Kate to you?” “But of course.”6.6. ““MightMight I look round?” he asked. I look round?” he asked.7.7. You You must must give it back to me before you go.give it back to me before you go.8.8. She She mustn’t mustn’t go home alone.go home alone.9.9. You You mustmust change your shoes. I won’t have you in here with change your shoes. I won’t have you in here with

muddy feet.muddy feet.10.10. What do you What do you have tohave to do to earn so much money?” Barber do to earn so much money?” Barber

asked.asked.

11. You 11. You have tohave to put your entry into the box before Friday if you want put your entry into the box before Friday if you want to enter the contest.to enter the contest.12. You 12. You don’t have todon’t have to work here all day. work here all day.13. They look alike. They 13. They look alike. They mustmust be twins. be twins.14. Nobody 14. Nobody maymay leave the hall before the exam has finished. leave the hall before the exam has finished.15. It was so quiet that one 15. It was so quiet that one mightmight hear a leaf drop. hear a leaf drop.16. Jane has got two books so she 16. Jane has got two books so she can can read any of them.read any of them.17. They didn’t have any shampoo so they 17. They didn’t have any shampoo so they couldn’tcouldn’t wash their hair. wash their hair.18. You 18. You can’tcan’t enter the club without a card. enter the club without a card.

19. You 19. You mustn’tmustn’t worry. Everything is all right. worry. Everything is all right.

20. To my mind, the government 20. To my mind, the government mustmust take care of old people. take care of old people.

How many modals How many modals do Tip and Slip do Tip and Slip use?use?Which modal is Which modal is used to ask for used to ask for permission?permission?

I’m Tim I’m SlimI’m Slim

Complete the sentences with Complete the sentences with must bemust be or or can’t becan’t be and explain why and explain why

You-------- hungry. You haveYou-------- hungry. You have lunch an hour ago.lunch an hour ago.

Can’t Can’t bebe

Peter ---------tired. He Peter ---------tired. He has been hunting since has been hunting since morningmorning

Must Must bebe

The pass mark for the examThe pass mark for the exam----- 10%. It says 60% here----- 10%. It says 60% hereCan’t beCan’t be

Obeying signsObeying signs What do these signs mean? What do these signs mean? Where might you see them?Where might you see them?

What might happen if people What might happen if people do not take any notice of the do not take any notice of the signs ? Here are some ideas signs ? Here are some ideas to help youto help you

go to prison pay a fine spill something have an accident start a fire get injured

The missing modalThe missing modalComplete each sentence with a

suitable modal. There may be more than one

correct answer. I --------go round and see Sue. I haven't seen her I --------go round and see Sue. I haven't seen her

for ages.for ages.22You----------smoke in the library.You----------smoke in the library.

33Paul------Paul------drive a car so he is having lessons.drive a car so he is having lessons.44We went out last night because we--------do any We went out last night because we--------do any

homework.homework.55The phone is ringing. It --------be my mother.The phone is ringing. It --------be my mother.

66---------------- you open the window, please?you open the window, please?77We------We------ go to the party if we don't want to.go to the party if we don't want to.

The missing modalThe missing modalComplete each sentence with a

suitable modal. There may be more than one

correct answer. I --------go round and see Sue. I haven't seen her I --------go round and see Sue. I haven't seen her

for ages.for ages.22You----------smoke in the library.You----------smoke in the library.

33Paul------Paul------drive a car so he is having lessons.drive a car so he is having lessons.44We went out last night because we--------do any We went out last night because we--------do any

homework.homework.55The phone is ringing. It --------be my mother.The phone is ringing. It --------be my mother.

66---------------- you open the window, please?you open the window, please?77We------We------ go to the party if we don't want to.go to the party if we don't want to.

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