Post on 18-Apr-2018
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Mónica Sanz, Ph.D.-cand
Maarten Siebel, Rhodante Ahlers, JoyeetaGupta, Pieter van der Zaag,
UNESCO-IHE5th Scientific Meeting, Lodz Oct 13-16 2010
The case of the micro-tanneries from
Villapinzón- Colombia: A paradigm shift on
the recovery of the Bogotá River
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Introduction
MSEs (1-49 employees)
•In developing countries
Engine of the opportunities for development (UNIDO, 2005)
In Colombia despite 99,4 % of enterprises-
interests put aside
Vulnerable (disadvantaged)
•In the water domain
Collective impact on the water bodies is
substantial- 70% industrial pollution (Frondel et al., 2005)
Often clear what but not how
Informal sector: Policy instruments bypass MSEs
Stakeholder participation ineffective
Mainly end-of-pipe approach
1.Introduction2.Key concept3.T, M & A4. Results5.Concluding Remarks
3
LOCATION
67 potential end-of-pipe solutions
Law-suits against – sole strategy
4000 jobs
Social exclusion
Clandestine industrial activity
Forced closures
4
Aim, hypothesis and
objective
To improve the effectiveness of stakeholder
participation through a participative systematic
approach based on mutual learning on CP
implementation
Aim
Hypothesis
Objective
1.Introduction2.Key concept3.T, M & A4. Results5.Concluding Remarks
To contribute to governance of the river water management
A systematic participative approach for CP implementationworks for MSEs that seem to have no chance of solvingtheir environmental conflicts through the formal institutions
A need for developing knowledge
and change : Action research
Challenges
To recognize complexity
Interaction of multiple forces at local, regional and
national levels
Multidisciplinary focus
A systematic approach that assures the MSEs
interests’ respect- social inclusion
Need to find out how to deal with big groups
The researcher digging into deeper causes /
describing symptoms- frequency of appearance of
the problems
Need to introduce prevention concepts
Need to integrate theories and methodologies5
1.Introduction2.Key concept3.T, M & A4.Results5.Concluding Remarks
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Theory & Methods
1.Introduction2.Key concept3.T, M & A4. Results5.Concluding Remarks
Integrative
Negotiation
Managed learning
processesConflict
Resolution
High degree systematic
approach
Systematic
ApproachInterests
Big groups
AI OST
Trial & Error Change Agent
Inclusive
process
Observations
Facilitator
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Principle Theory
(1) People support initiatives that they help create
Participation(Holman, 2004)
(2) On big groups as targets common grounds/respecting individuals
Conflict resolution(Holman, 2004)
(3) Complex negotiations interests / not on positions
Negotiation(Raiffa, 2002; Fisher, 1991)
(4) Know a system - change it Managed learning (action research) (Lewin, 1946)
(5) Best learning process: trial and error
Managed learning (action research) (Schein, 1997)
Principles1.Introduction2.Key concept3.T, M & A4. Results5.Concluding Remarks
Cycles of Action Research
Figure 1. Cycles of action research for vulnerable communities (Sanz, 2010)
Observe
Reflect
Observe
Reflect
PlanAct
1.Introduction2.Key concept3.T, M & A4. Results5.Concluding Remarks
Systematic Social Inclusion
Process on CP
PreparationBuilding
relationship
Redefintion of
the problem
Common
grounds INT-
ALLAgreements
Implementation
Follow-up
Stakeholderanalysis
BATNAInitial definitionProblemNaturerelationshipsPossible allies
Help???
Trust buildingSharing information
Initial big meetingBig group methods
Initialdiagnosis
Psychological safety
ConsensusVisioningStrategy
Negotiations
Options buildingBig group methods
Commitments Small committeesFocusing on issues
Monitoring
1.Introduction2.Key concept3.T, M & A4. Results5.Concluding Remarks
• To guide a process aiming at solving the
impact from the tanneries on the Bogotá
river while supporting a social inclusion
approach
• Empowerment :Internal strengthening and
building strategic alliances supporting 5
main issues
• Strengthening the association
• Legalizing tanners
• Working inter-related land issues
• Implementing CP project
• Searching competitiveness
1.Introduction2.Key concept3.T, M & A4. Results5.Concluding Remarks
Results
Aiming at Activities Results
Strengthening the
association
(Improving
negotiating power-
Improving outcomes-
Behavioural change)
Initial 3 steps
Broadcasting on Media
Building powerful alliances
Trust building
Reliable information
Positive leader
Support to CP-
Consensus on PD
Negative leaders fade
away
Better public image
Legalizing tanners
and recognition from
Authority
Influencing the Court Order
Getting approval from CAR
(Support from Senator; CCB)
Legal appeal to switch fines for
work
Motivating Ministry towards the
approach on CR
CP is mandadatory
From 120, 86 tanneries
legalized (water permits)
Appeal accepted at the
regional court (New path
is open)
New policy on CR to be
worked
Working inter-related
land issues
Bringing the debate to the
Governor- Office of the
Presidency (Senator, Ministry)
and Public Prosecutor- Mayor
Properties rights
recognized
River bank is defined
Industrial area defined11
1.Introduction2.Key concept3.T, M & A4. Results5.Concluding Remarks
ResultsAiming at Activities Results
Implementing CP-
recognition from CAR
Building support from
Academia
Defining sound technical
solutions on discharges
and solid waste
SWITCH-UNAL
CAR co-finances
Tanners knowledgeable
12 tanneries reduce: 71%
on Chromium, 72% on
Sulfur, 48% on BOD5, and
75% on TSS on the liquid
discharges to the river and
saved 70% on water use
Demos on CP / composting
Monitoring tool
Proposal to new CP
policy
Competitiveness Workshops for quality
improvements
Integration into the
leather chain
Building access to credits
Support COLCIENCIAS-
UNAL
Agreement to be signed
between actors on the
leather chain
Tanners learning to sell
products through
asssociative strategies12
1.Introduction2.Key concept3.T, M & A4. Results5.Concluding Remarks
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Concluding remarks
1. MSEs –knowledgeable- eager to participate if
identity respected & process transparent
2. Helping integration into the legal system : an
everybody’s responsibility to sustainable
tanneries- Power game
3. The Change Agent: focus on a holistic approach
and resist the normal tendency to discard
topics/ INDEPENDENCY
4. Engaging the political actors should not be seen
as an obstacle
5. A multidisciplinary support from academia is
essential (Conflict, CP, Associativity)
1.Introduction2.Key concept3.T, M & A4. Results5.Concluding Remarks