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MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 1ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
Airborne MIRAS Airborne MIRAS Description & Tests ResultsDescription & Tests Results
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 2ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
• Project Frame and Objectives
• Project Team
• Activities Summary
• Demonstrator Description
• Tests Campaign Description
• Tests Results
• Project Achievements
ContentsContents
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 3ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
ESA Programme: Validation of L-Band Radiometry
ESA Contract: 15138/01/NL/SF
Project Designation: MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3
• Airborne Demonstrator (AD – MDPP3)
• Image Validation Test (IVT – MDPP3)
Project Duration: 32 months (Feb-2004 / Oct-2006)
Project Frame
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 4ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
MAIN OBJECTIVES:
• To build an Airborne MIRAS demonstrator by using the MDPP-1 and 2 hardware
• To carry out a flight demonstration of the above instrument to extend the imaging validation to real targets
• To assess the capability of calibrating the Instrument through Cold Sky measurements
OTHER OBJECTIVES:
• To complete the analysis of the MDPP-2 and the IVT-4 campaigns test results
• To test the double-amplitude noise injection for amplitude calibration
• To experimentally demonstrate the way of obtaining the FwF through different methods, and
• To validate methods for the assessment of residual correlations
Project Objectives
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 5ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
Prime Contractor
Airborne Demonstrator Design, Manufacturing and AIT
Aircraft Interface Design and Manufacturing
Flight Demonstration
Residual Correlation and calibration
EGSE Design and Manufacturing
Mission Plan
Collaboration in tests results processing
Demonstrator Characterisation and Performances Tests
MDPP-3 Tests results processing
MDPP-2 Data Processing / Theoretical Support
IVT-4 Data Process
Contribution to Antenna Functional Tests
Modifications on LICEFs, NIR & Clock Generator Development
Modifications on DICOS-2
Project Team
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 6ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
Activities SummaryActivities Summary
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 7ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
AMIRAS Development
MDPP-1 & 2 Equipments
MIRAS Instrument
Concept
Airborne MIRAS Design
AircraftConstraints
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 8ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
AMIRAS Architecture
Antenna &
Equipment Controllers
EGSE
Antenna Controller
POWER
COMMANDS & DATA
TRANSFER
Instrument Structure
Aircraft Structural Interface
Aircraft Electrical Interface
POWER
Thermal
Control
POWER
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 9ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
AMIRAS Development
MDPP-1 & 2 Equipments
MIRAS Instrument
Concept
MDPP-n Equipment Selection
MDPP-n Equipment Modification
New Equipment Acquisition
Airborne MIRAS Design
Antenna Devlmt:StructureThermal ControlHarness
Aircraft/Antenna Interface
Development
AircraftConstraints
Antenna Controller (EGSE) Development
Airborne MIRAS
Assembly Integration Verification
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 10ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
AMIRAS Test Campaign
Airborne MIRAS
Antennae Characterisation
Demonstrator Performances
Image Validation Tests / Cold Sky Measurements
Image Validation Tests / Flight Demo
onto real targets
Experimental Validation of several
MIRAS Instrument Capabilities
Availability of an Airborne MIRAS
Instrument:
AMIRAS
Progress on MIRAS Instrument Data
Process Algorithms
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 11ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
Project Shedule
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 12ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
Demonstrator DescriptionDemonstrator Description
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 13ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
Antenna Lay-out • 12 element antenna array• Y-shaped• NIR antenna placed at the centre• Element interspacing: d = 0.875
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 14ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
Demonstrator Equipment
CAS-NS
CAS-PD
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 15ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
Ground Plane - connecting all the antennas
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 16ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
The Aircraft Interface Structure
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 17ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
Antenna Radome
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 18ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
Airborne Antenna
Controller Unit (EGSE)
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 19ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
Tests at UPC Anechoic Chamber:
Antenna Pattern and Performances
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 20ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
Tests at IRTA: Cold Sky (Calibration) and Sun/Galaxy
(Imaging)
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 21ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
The HUT Aircraft: SHORT SC-7 SKYVAN
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 22ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
AMIRAS Installed in TKK Aircraft
Antenna
Controller Unit (EGSE)
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 23ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
Ready for Flight Tests Campaign
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 24ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
Test Campaign Test Campaign Description & ResultsDescription & Results
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 25ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
Antenna Characterisation Tests:
• Measure the antennae Radiation Patterns
Demonstrator Performances Tests: • Basic Operation
• Empty Chamber
• Point Source
• Fringe Washing
Image Validation Tests at IRTA:• Galaxy Detection
• Assessment on instrument calibration through Cold Sky measurements
Flight Tests in Finland: • Assessment of EMC between Aircraft and AMIRAS
• Demonstrate functionality of AMIRAS when in-flight conditions
• Perform Measurements onto Real targets (Sea water, bare soil, vegetation,…)
• Repeat Cold Sky Measurement to assess instrument calibration
Test Campaign Objectives
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 26ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
Antenna Characterisation Test
UPC anechoic chamber
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 27ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
Antenna Characterisation Test
• Far-field patterns (Eθ,E) computed using spherical mode expansion from Near-field data.
• Patterns referred to the center of rotation of the spherical system.• Post-processing:
– Translation to nominal positions in the arms. – Conversion to copolar and crosspolar components (Ludwig 3rd).– Coordinate conversion to director cosines (ξ,η).– Normalization with respect maximum value.– Directivity and solid angle computation.
• Interactive viewer – antenna patterns\index.htm
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 28ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
…..
Copolar pattern Aperture fields
Phase (copolar)Amplitude
Co-polar
Cross-polar η=0
ξ=0
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 29ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
Empty chamber:
Noise source off
Instrument facing a chamber wall
Point source:
Noise source on
Instrument as in the picture
Horn rotated at 0º, 45º and 90º
Demonstrator Performances Tests
α<0
β<0
γ<0
Anechoic chamber door
A
BC
Radiated Electric field
α<0
β<0
γ<0
Anechoic chamber door
A
BC
Radiated Electric field
ERA-3 ERA-3
50 Ω 0-50 dB~20 dB~20 dB
Horn
D=12 dB
Tph
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 30ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
Polarization switch consistency
-5000 0 5000
-6000
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
e[Mkj](c.u.)
m
[Mkj](
c.u
.)
V-pol, =0º, =-90º, =-90º
Horn Vertical
Horn Horizontal
V-pol
-5000 0 5000
-6000
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
e[Mkj](c.u.)
m
[Mkj](
c.u
.)
NIR-H mixed baselines
NIR-V mixed baselines
V-pol, =0º, =-90º,=0º
-5000 0 5000
-6000
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
e[Mkj](c.u.)
m
[Mkj](
c.u
.)
H-pol, =0º, =-90º, =-90º
NIR-V mixed baselines
NIR-H mixed baselines
H-pol
-5000 0 5000
-6000
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
e[Mkj](c.u.)
m
[Mkj](
c.u
.)
H-pol, =0º, =-90º,=0º
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 31ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
Empty Chamber Correlation Offsets
0 10 20 30 400
20
40
baseline number
c.u
.
ECCOS H-pol. nominal
50 60 70 80 900
20
40
baseline number
c.u
.
-40 -20 0 20 40
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
e[Mkj](c.u.)
m
[Mkj](
c.u
.)
ECCOS H-pol. nominal
0 10 20 30 400
20
40
baseline number
c.u
.
ECCOS V-pol. nominal
50 60 70 80 900
20
40
baseline number
c.u
.
-40 -20 0 20 40
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
e[Mkj](c.u.)
m
[Mkj](
c.u
.)
ECCOS V-pol. nominal
V-pol
H-polA1-A2
A2-A3
A3-A4
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 32ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
Point Source Test Results
-1000 0 1000 2000-1500
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
1500
e[V](K)
m
[V](
K)
Point source Visibility 07-Apr-2006 09:21:39
Measured at receiver input
Computed at antenna plane
chrrjk
jkjk
jk
chskj Veccrr
TTV jk
)(*
2
4)(
Translated to antenna plane
Fully Calibrated Visiblility
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 33ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
IRTA (Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentària)
Ebro River Delta. Catalonia
Image Validation Tests
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 34ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
Sun tracking during day
Cold Sky calibration during night
Galaxy imaging when present in FOV
Instrument installation at IRTA
GPS antenna
Metallic fence
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 35ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
Flat Target Response
0 5 10 15 20 25 300
50
100
150
baseline number
[x 1
e-4
]
Flat Target Response. V-pol, nominal correlation
A1-A2 A2-A3
A2-A4
A3-A4
A2-C2 A3-C4
35 40 45 50 55 60 650
50
100
150
baseline number
[x 1
e-4
]
B1-B2
A4-C4
B2-B3 B3-B4C1-C2
C2-C3
0 5 10 15 20 25 300
50
100
150
baseline number
[x 1
e-4
]
Flat Target Response. H-pol, nominal correlation
A1-A2A2-A3
A3-A4A3-C4
35 40 45 50 55 60 650
50
100
150
baseline number
[x 1
e-4
]
B1-B2 B2-B3
B3-B4
B2-C4 B3-C4
C1-C2
C2-C3C3-C4
0 5 10 15 20 25 300
50
100
150
baseline number
[x 1
e-4
]
Flat Target Response from antenna patterns. H-pol
A1-A2 A3-A4
A1-C1
35 40 45 50 55 60 650
50
100
150
baseline number
[x 1
e-4
] B2-B3B3-B4
C1-C2
C1-C3
C2-C3
C3-C4B1-B2
B1-B3
0 5 10 15 20 25 300
50
100
150
baseline number
[x 1
e-4
]
Flat Target Response from antenna patterns. V-pol
A1-A2
A2-A3 A3-A4
35 40 45 50 55 60 650
50
100
150
baseline number
[x 1
e-4
]B1-B2
B2-B3
B3-B4 C1-C2 C3-C4
Cold Sky measurement
Theory
V-polH-pol
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 36ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
NIR calibration
0 20 40 60 80480
490
500
510
520
530
540
550
Time from start (min)
K
NIR Internal noise source (TNA)
NIR-HNIR-V
0 20 40 60 803500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000NIR Internal noise source (TNR)
K
Time from start (min)
NIR-HNIR-V
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 37ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
Sun and Galaxy images
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 38ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
Flight Test
• Flight altitude: ~ 400m over land and lakes and 600m over open sea.
• Aircraft velocity: ~60m/s• Pitch: ~4º (nose up)• Integration time: 200ms to reduce
blurring.
Flight dates:20th June 2006 (night)19th July 2006 (night)20th July 2006 (day)21th July 2006 (day)
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 39ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
First and second flights
Calibration is performed at the beginning and end of flight legs
19th July 2006 20:07 to 22:32 UTC20th June 2006 20:00 to 21:39 UTC
Cal
Cal
Ca
l
Cal Cal
Cal
Cal
Cal
CalCal
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 40ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
Ferry flight to Lathi:
20th July 2006 16:21 to 16:51 UTC
Ferry flight back to Helsinky:
21th July 2006 10:05 to 10:39 UTC
Third and fourth flights and cold sky measurement
Cal
Cal
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 41ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
Results from the first flight: Pensaari island
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 42ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
Single Snapshot over fresh water (τ=200 ms)
Horizontal Vertical• Residual systematic errors are still present. Probably due to:
- Receiver B1 is failing- Mixed baselines are corrupted and not used.- Inversion algorithm is FFT with average antenna pattern.- Fringe-washing function is not taken into account.- Some external interferences from aircraft were observed
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 43ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
Incidence angle dependence
KNB
Td vw
eff
sysT 36.1
2
3 2
KT 43
Amplitude calibration error
Aliasing effect
Theoretical radiometric sensitivity due to limited integration time
• NIR was not available for absolute calibration.
• An estimation from PMS was used instead.
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 44ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
MDPP-3 Project AchievementsMDPP-3 Project Achievements
MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project #3 (MDPP-3)
SMOS SAG Meeting No. 20 2-3 November 2006 Slide 45ESAC - Villafranca del Castillo
Main achievements of the project have been:
a) Delivery of a Y-shaped MIRAS airborne demonstrator, fully polarimetric
b) Polarimetric formulation of the Corbella equation
c) First galaxy image ever with a Y-shape MIRAS demonstrator (IRTA)
d) Flat Target Transformation experimental validation (IRTA)
e) Demonstration of imaging capabilities in airborne conditions
f) First experimental verification ever of the FwF closure (using HUT-2D)
g) Consolidation of calibration, data processing and image reconstruction for SMOS
AMIRAS Availability:
• The airborne demonstrator is currently stored at TKK (HUT) premises in Helsinki
• Future Test Campaign should take account that receiver B1 functionality must be checked and repaired if needed