Post on 28-Dec-2015
Mindset as Context for the Internet of Everything
mediaX 2014
Stanford University
“Well-being and Productivity in a Globally Connected World”
Learner or Non-learner?
“I don’t divide the world into the weak and the strong, or the successes and the failures… I divide the world into the learners and non-learners.”
-- Benjamin Barber
Mindsets Matter
Fixed Mindset: Intelligence is a fixed trait
Growth Mindset: Intelligence can be developed
Math Achievement Blackwell, Dweck, & Trzesniewski (2007)
72.072.573.073.574.074.575.075.576.076.577.0
EnteringAcademic
Year
Fall Year 1
Spring Year 1
Fall Year 2
SpringYear2
FixedGrowth
growth mindset
fixed mindset
Mat
h G
rad
es
Mindset Rule #3 In the face of setbacks…
Fixed Mindset: It’s about meHIDE MISTAKES & DEFICIENCIES
Growth Mindset: It’s about learningCONFRONT MISTAKES
& DEFICIENCIES
After Setback
Fixed Mindset: “I’d spend less time on this subject from now on.”“I would try to cheat on the next test.”
Growth Mindset:“I would work harder in this class from now on.”
“I would spend more time studying for the tests.”
Blackwell, Trzesniewski and Dweck, 2007
Mindset Rules
Fixed Mindset
1. Never look dumb
2. Don’t work hard
3. Run from difficulty
Growth Mindset
1. Learn
2. Work hard to learn
3. Learn from mistakes
CreativityO’Connor, Nemeth, Akutsa, 2013
Mindsets predict:
1.Performance on a creativity task
2.Lifetime creative achievement
CreativityO’Connor, Nemeth, Akutsa, 2013
• Most artists and supposed creative types just copy someone else. They adjust, tweak a little, but overall, it’s just the same thing...”
CreativityO’Connor, Nemeth, Akutsa, 2013
•“But some people have some inherent quality that lets them see the bigger picture and do something truly creative.”
•“But some people work to a point that lets them see the bigger picture and do something truly creative.”
Corporate MindsetsA Culture of Genius or a Culture of Development?
“When it comes to being successful, this company believes that people have a certain amount of talent, and they can’t really do much to change it.”
How are mindsets fostered?
Mueller & Dweck, 1998; Kamins & Dweck,1 999; Cimpian, Arce, Mueller & Dweck, 1998; Kamins & Dweck,1 999; Cimpian, Arce, Markman, & Dweck, 2007; Gunderson et al., 2013. Markman, & Dweck, 2007; Gunderson et al., 2013.
Praise:Messages About What We Value
• Intelligence Praise: “You’re really smart, talented, good at…”
• Process Praise: “You worked hard, tried good strategies, took on a big challenge, stuck to it, improved…”
Intelligence vs. Process Praise
• Mindset: Fixed vs. Growth• Non-learner vs. learner
After Difficult Task:• Not resilient vs. resilient
• Baby Praise
What to Praise
• Effort, struggle, but not just effort…
• Strategies, choices, decision-making process
• Choosing difficult tasks, persisting, capitalizing on mistakes
• Learning, improving
Yesterday’s vs. Tomorrow’s Praise
• You did that so quickly and easily. That’s impressive!
• You did that so quickly and easily. I’m sorry I wasted your time. Let’s do something you can learn from.
Growth Mindset Encouragement
• Khan Academy online learning
• N = 265,082
• Growth-mindset encouragement vs. controls
Increased…
• Overall time played
• Strategy use
• Perseverance after challenge
• And most important…
Do we convey that certain abilities are more fixed?
And does this affect who participates in a field?
A Field’s Mindset?Leslie, Cimpian, & Meyer, 2014
• When it comes to [computer science], the most important factor(s) for success ..
• are motivation and sustained effort; raw ability is secondary.
• is a special aptitude that just can't be taught.
Mindsets & Representation
• Correlation between field’s (fixed) mindset and female representation in STEM:
(r= -.64)
• Predicts Africa-American representation as well.
• “Probability, I was just like, ‘I don’t get this at all.’ But I was just like, okay, I’m going to do this . . . I want to do this because it’s so hard.”
School/Community-Based InterventionNative American Students
Stephanie Fryberg
• Quil Ceda and Tulalip Elementary School on Tulalip Reservation
• 90% Minority
• School was always in the bottom 5% of the state
• Culturally relevant
• Parent involvement (TV program)
• 6 hours a day growing your brain
• Students’ mistakes, confusion, and struggles help teachers grow their own brains
After 1-1.5 Years
• Kindergarten and 1st graders: Lead the district in oral reading fluency
• 2nd -5th Grade Literacy and Math: Many are showing 1.5 to 2 years of growth per year