MicrobiologyMicrobiology

Introduction and History

Microbiology – Introduction and HistoryMicrobiology – Introduction and History

Beer

Cheese

Staphylococcal folliculitis

ConjunctivitisChicken pox

What is Microbiology?What is Microbiology?

Categories of MicroorganismsCategories of Microorganisms

BacteriaArchaeansSome algaeProtozoaSome fungiViruses (not technically a living thing)

3 Domains of Life3 Domains of Life

Why do we study Why do we study microorganisms?microorganisms?

1. Live on and in our body. 2. Can make us sick. 3. Would not be here without microbes. 4. Get rid of our wastes. 5. May clean up our messes (i.e. oil spills, ect.). 6. Make many essential elements available to living things. 7. Food source. 8. Aid in digestion. 9. Some used to make medicine (i.e. antibiotics). 10. Important for genetic engineering.

Glowing Pigs and Jellyfish?Glowing Pigs and Jellyfish?

Some Terms to KnowSome Terms to Know

Pathogen vs. NonpathogenIndigenous or Normal Flora Opportunistic PathogensInfectious DiseaseMicrobial Intoxication

What was the first living organism What was the first living organism on earth?on earth?

Cyanobacteria

OR

Archaea

Microbial infections have been Microbial infections have been around for a long time!around for a long time!

3,000 B.C. - Ruma, a Syrian boy, - depiction of polio www.univie.ac.at/cga/art/history.html

Egyptian Mummy www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=mummy-dna-reveal..

Some important Some important historical figures:historical figures:

Anton van LeeuwenhoekAnton van Leeuwenhoek1632-17231632-1723

The “Father of Microbiology” First to see live bacteria and protozoa.

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/leeuwenhoek.html

Microscope consisted of only one lens and was only 3-4 inches long. It required good lighting and a lot of patience.

www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/intro/histo.html

The Theory of Spontaneous The Theory of Spontaneous Generation - AbiogensisGeneration - Abiogensis

Francesco Redi’s Experiment – 17th century facstaff.gpc.edu

Cell Theory (1838)Cell Theory (1838)Schleiden (left) and Schwann (right)Proposed independently that all living

things are made of cells

kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca

BiogenesisBiogenesisProposed by Rudolf Virchow – 1858Life only arises from preexisting life.

kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca

Louis PasteurLouis Pasteur1822-18951822-1895

Discovered what occurs during alcoholic fermentation

Helped disprove spontaneous generation

Termed “aerobes” and “anaerobes”

Discovered Pasteurization Discovered many vaccines Contributed to germ theory

of disease

Germ Theory of DiseaseGerm Theory of Disease

Theory that specific microorganisms cause specific infectious diseases.

For example, the bacteria Bacillus anthracis causes anthrax.

Robert KochRobert Koch1843-19101843-1910

Contributed to germ theory of disease.– Discovered Bacillus anthracis

produces anthrax. Developed methods for fixing,

staining, and photographing bacteria.

Developed methods of cultivating bacteria on solid media.

Was able to obtain pure cultures. Discovered bacteria that cause

tuberculosis and cholera.

Robert KochRobert Koch

Koch’s PostulatesKoch’s Postulates 1. A microorganism must be present in every case of the disease.

2. Isolate microorganism from diseased host and grow in pure culture.

3. Same disease produced when microorganisms from pure culture are inoculated into healthy, susceptible hosts.

4. Same microorganism must be recovered from experimentally infected hosts and grown again in pure culture.

The EndThe End