Post on 09-Mar-2021
Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences
Microbes, diet and host: how do they interact in newborn piglets ?
Thomas Thymann, MSc, DVM, PhD, Assoc. Prof Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen
www.Neomune.ku.dk
Variation in maturity at birth ?
115d
115d
116d
114d
118d
116d
113d
115d
Large litters
Optimal timing:
Preterm Pig Intensive Care Unit - to help answer difficult questions!
25 incubators Respiratory support Temp./moisture control Low microbe (germfree) Parenteral/enteral nutrition 24 hour camera surveillance
Nutrition
Immunity Microbiota
Preterm gut
Preterm pig Colostrum Preterm pig - Formula
NEC
Main risk factors of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC): Prematurity, formula nutrition and gut colonization
Sangild et al. 2006. Gastroenterology.
Trophic effects on the intestine in response to enteral nutrition. No pathological changes.
Feeding milk replacer under germ free conditions
Treatment groups
Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports Slide
10
Antibiotic Dose Bacteria
targeted IA anti PO anti Control
Ampicillin 30 mg x kg x 3 daily 30 mg x kg x 3 daily Gram + (-)
Gentamycin 2,5 mg x kg x 2 daily 2,5 mg x kg x 2 daily Gram – (+),
aerobes,
mycoplasma
Mitronidazole 10 mg x kg x 3 daily 10 mg x kg x 3 daily Anaerobes
Saline 2 mL x 3 daily None
Jensen et al. 2013, Am. J. Physiol
0
20
40
60
80
100
1
2
3
4
5
6
ANTI CON ANTI CON 0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
Antibiotics Control ANTI CON La
ctul
ose-
man
itol,
ratio
*
***
NEC
seve
rity,
scor
e
NEC
inci
denc
e, %
Reduced incidence, severity
and gut permeability
***
Institut for Idræt og Ernæring
Jensen et al. 2013, Am. J. Physiol
Markedly reduced CFU and SCFA, MEANS+SEM
*** ***
1,00E+00
1,00E+01
1,00E+02
1,00E+03
1,00E+04
1,00E+05
1,00E+06
1,00E+07
1,00E+08
1,00E+09
1,00E+101010
108
106
104
102
0
ANTI CON
Aerobic Anaerobic
ANTI CON
0.07
** 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
ANTI CON ANTI CON
Stomach Colon
Others
Octanoic acid
Succinic acid
Lactic acid
Butyric acid
Acetic acid
Formic acid
CFU
SCFA
, mm
ol/k
g
ANTI CON ANTI CON
Institut for Idræt og Ernæring
Jensen et al. 2013, Am. J. Physiol
C D
Gao, Nguyen, Birck et al.
mm
ol g
luco
se/k
g*h
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
LACTOSEMALTODEXTRIN
time, min
-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
mm
ol g
alac
tose
/kg*
h
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
glucose
galactose
Direct infusion of lactose or MDX in the jejunum (Burrin & Stoll)
NEC incidence
3/11 10/11
27%
91%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
LACTOSE POLYCOSE
P<0.001
Lactose Maltodextrin
Thymann et al. Am. J. Physiol., 2009
Slow progression of enteral feeds in preterm pigs
Shen et al., Am. J. Physiol. (2015)
Gut responses TPN Infant Formula Bovine Colostrum(n=6-14) (IF, n=8-15) (BC, n=7-13)
0
50
100
150
*
IL-8
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
*
Gut permeablityLa
c/M
an-r
atio
0
500
1000
1500
*
Galactose absorbtion
[µm
ol/L
]
0
100
200
300
400
*
Lactose digestion
[µm
ol/L
]0%
60%
15%
***
NEC 0
20
40
60
80
100
15%
93%
7%
**
Diarrhea
% o
f an
imal
s
Am.J.Physiol. (2015)
0 5 10 15 20 25500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Term litter 1: MEN-BCTerm litter 1: TPNPreterm litter 1: MEN-BC Preterm litter 1: TPN
Body weight (g)
Days of life
First nutrition after term and preterm birth - What are the long term consequenses ?
Minimal enteral for 5d Total parenteral for 5d Minimal enteral for 5d Total parenteral for 5d
term preterm
PCoA on day 26
Enhedens navn Dias
19
PhD Status Seminar 4 March 2016
Milk and Microbiota Effects on Immunity, Gut, Liver and Brain in Preterm Infants
Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Univ. Copenhagen
18/10/2016 22