Memory and Thought

Bell Activity 4/10/2013

Learning Targets: At the end of class you will be able to

-Explain the three processes of memory

-Describe the information-processing model of Memory

1. Name the seven dwarves from Snow White.

2. Why do teachers find it easier (sometimes) to remember names of students who were “troublemakers?”

3. How important are eyewitness accounts in a trial? Why?

4. Which would be worse...not being able to remember the past or not being able to learn anything new?

Learning Unit RE-TEST on Friday 4/12…you are welcome!

Now pick pick out the seven dwarves.

Grouchy Gabby Fearful Sleepy Smiley Jumpy Hopeful Goofy Sleazy Shy Droopy Moody Hoppy Dopey Sniffy Wishful Puffy Ren Dumpy Sneezy Pop Grumpy Cheesy Bashful Cheerful Teach Snorty Nifty Itchy Happy Doc Wheezy Stubby Poopy

Diddy Stimpy

Seven Dwarves

Sleepy, Dopey, Grumpy, Sneezy, Happy, Doc and Bashful

The Memory Process

The Memory includes 3 processes input or encoding, storage and retrieval

Memory Processes

Encoding: using basic senses to establish memories (acoustic codes, visual codes, semantic codes); Sort of like typing info into a computer.

Storage: Process by which information is kept/maintained; Think…saving the info to the computer

Retrieval: Ability to retrieve the memories that you stored; Like clicking on the file and opening it up

3 Stages of Memory

The Information-Processing Model of memory lists three stages of Memory

Sensory Memory Short-Term Memory Long-Term Memory

3 Stages of Memory: Sensory Memory

Very brief memory storage immediately following initial stimulation of a sensor receptor

Echoic (audio) and Iconic (visual) Stored for a brief second; most goes unprocessed Serves three functions: (1) Keeps us from getting

overwhelmed, (2) Gives us time to make decisions and (3) helps us create stability and continuity in our world

3 Stages of Memory: Short-Term Memory

Things in your conscious mind at any given moment; memory that holds information for a brief time

Information must be stored into long term memory or it will be forgotten.

Remember this number

5406746487

540-674-6487

Remember this Code

C k 4 g y 8 j b d 5X j d 3 9F d f h w

Remember This List

MilkCheeseButterEggsFlourApplesGrapesShampooBreadGround beefCerealCatsupGreen beansjam

3 Stages of Memory: Short-Term Memory

How do we put information into long-term memory?

Maintenance Rehearsal-Repeating the information

Chunking-grouping items

Primacy-Recency Effect-Remember items at the beginning or at the end of a list.

Working Memory-working with current information

3 Stages of Memory: Long Term Memory

Long-Term Memory: Storage of information over a long period of time

3 Stages of Memory: Long-Term Memory

Endel Turving’s Theory: we have two types of memory (Semantic and Episodic)

Semantic: Knowledge of language including rules, words and meanings

Episodic: Unique version of our lives; how we remember events

3 Stages of Memory: Long-Term Memory

L.R. Squire’s Model also includes two types Declarative memory; includes both semantic

and episodic. Information that we consciously use

Procedural memory: Memories/skills that do not require conscious efforts to recall (riding a bike, swimming, driving, etc.)

3 Stages of Memory: Long-Term Memory

Some information may be lost over a period of time. This is debated among psychologists

Can Memories be Influenced?

http://streaming.factsonfile.com/PortalViewVideo.aspx?xtid=40125&loid=73388&psid=0&sid=0&State=&title=Classic Studies in Psychology&IsSearch=Y&parentSeriesID=#

Poster Assignment

Work in groups of 2-3 Create a poster that shows the memory

process OR the three stages of memory Must have at least two illustrations

Bell Activity: 4/15/2013

Learning Targets: At the end of class you will be able to-

List the parts of the brain and their role in memory

Define recognition and recall

Discuss the reasons for forgetting information

List ways to improve memory

1.) What were the three processes of memory?

2.) What are the three stage of memory?

3.) Explain the primacy-recency effect.

4.)What do you remember about the shootings at VT on 4/16/2007? Where were you? How did you hear? Etc.

More Review!

Eye Witness http://streaming.factsonfile.com/PortalViewVideo.aspx?xtid=35671&loid=76070&psid=0&sid=0&State=&title=Psychology Media Suite&IsSearch=Y&parentSeriesID=#

Primacy-Recency Sleep

Textbook Assignment: (Page 280)

Explain what role each of the following play in memory:

Cortex (Short Term), Thalmus, Hippocampus, Amygdala, and the Cortex (Long Term)

Retrieving Information

Memory Retrieval Processes include:

Recognition Recall Relearning Forgetting Improving Memory

Retrieving Information

Recognition: Identifying an object, idea or situation as something you are familiar with

Ex: May not be able to recall a person’s name but you know you know them.

Retrieving Information

Recall: Active reconstruction of all material Guided by experience, knowledge and clues from

the environment. Memory may be altered by reconstructive processes,

confabulation, or schemas State-Dependent Learning: Recalling information

easily when in the same physical or emotional state as when the information was encoded.

Bell Activity 4/16/2013

1.) What is confabulation?2.) Which part of the brain

helps with long term memory and our ability to transfer words, facts and events into long-term memory?

3.) What type of memory includes words, language and information we consciously use?

4.) What is the difference between recognition memory and recall?

Learning Targets: At the end of class, you will be able to-

•Describe the memory retrieval process

•Explain processes of forgetting information

•List ways to improve memory

•Memory and Thought test on Thursday.

•Vocabulary due on Wednesday.

•Presentations on Friday

Retrieving Information

Relearning: Easier to relearn something if you already have exposure to the material.

Retrieving Information

Forgetting: Failure of memoryInput of memory fades away or decays over time (short term, not sure about long term)Interference sometimes plays a key role in memory failure

Retrieving Memory

Interference: 2 types, proactive and retroactive

Proactive: earlier memory blocks later information

Retroactive: New information blocks old memories

Interference may actually erase memories

Freud believed that in some cases the memories were subconsciously hidden (repression)

Retrieving Information

Amnesia Loss of memory

after traumatic head injury; could also occur from drug use or psychological stress

The Man With No Memory

Retrieving Information Infant Amnesia: lack of early declarative

memories Freud thought these memories were

repressed due to infant trauma May be due to infants not understanding

language Or hippocampus may not be mature

enough

Memory Videos

The Mystery of Memory

Bell Activity 4/17/2013

Learning Targets: At the end of class, you will be able to

-List ways to improve our memories.

-Define Mnemonic Devices-Review for test on Memory

and Thought

1.) What is the term that refers to the loss of memory and causes us to forget information?

2.) According to Freud what are memories that are “hidden?” Why are the “hidden?”

3.) What are the two types of interference?

4.) What techniques have your teachers used to try and help you remember information?

TEST TOMORROW (THURSDAY)Presentations on Friday

Improving Memory

It is easier to remember information if it is connected with information that you already know

This is called elaborative rehearsal

The more “categories” a memory is indexed under, the easier it is to access it later.

Improving Memory

Overlearning: Keep rehearsing even after you think you know it.

Don’t study similar material together

Study a little at a time: Distributed Practice

Improving Memories Mnemonic Devices:

Techniques to memorize and retrieve information

ROY G BIV “Thirty Days has

September…” “Every Good Boy Does

Fine” Takes extra work to create

the se devices but the work itself will help you memorize the material

Memory and Thought TestToday’s Test is on-line. Please follow the following instructions

1. Go to Mr. P’s Web Site: http://spetersopsych.wikispaces.com/

2. Click on the Quia site3. Click on the “Memory and

Thought” Test4. Type in your name5. Type in the secret word

“memory”6. Answer all questions

correctly!7. Go to Edmodo and

complete the assignment

“Good Luck” from Joanie and Chachi!