Post on 19-Jan-2016
description
PIRACY AND ARMED ROBBERY AGAINST SHIPS
IN MALAYSIAN WATERS
BYFIRST ADMIRAL (M) DATO’ ZULKIFILI BIN ABU BAKARDIRECTOR OF MARITIME CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS
MMEA
SCOPE• Introduction• Definitions.• Hot Spots.• Incidents Reported.• Modus Operandi• Protective Measures.• Hotline/MMEA Contact Points.• Maritime Strategies. • MMEA Roles Focusing on Piracy.• Challenges.• MMEA’S Success Stories.
33
PRE-MMEA - MULTIPLE AGENCIESMULTIPLE AGENCIES
ROYAL MALAYSIAN NAVYROYAL MALAYSIAN NAVY ROYAL MALAYSIAN AIR FORCEROYAL MALAYSIAN AIR FORCE MARINE POLICE MARINE POLICE ROYAL M’SIAN CUSTOMSROYAL M’SIAN CUSTOMS MARINE DEPTMARINE DEPT FISHERIES DEPTFISHERIES DEPT DEPT OF ENVIRONMENTDEPT OF ENVIRONMENT IMMIGRATION DEPTIMMIGRATION DEPT
INTRODUCTION
4
FINDINGS OF THE NATIONAL STUDY TEAM 1999
Disadvantages of Multiple AgenciesOverlapping functions/jurisdictionsPoor coordinationMost agencies operate in TW Uneconomical use of resources
21 Aug 2002 Cabinet approved the formation of MMEA
Disadvantages of Multiple AgenciesOverlapping functions/jurisdictionsPoor coordinationMost agencies operate in TW Uneconomical use of resources
21 Aug 2002 Cabinet approved the formation of MMEA
MMEA: FUNCTIONS IN MMZ
PREVENT AND SUPPRESS THE COMMISSION OF AN OFFENCEPREVENT AND SUPPRESS THE COMMISSION OF AN OFFENCE
ENFORCE LAW AND ORDER UNDER ANY FEDERAL LAWENFORCE LAW AND ORDER UNDER ANY FEDERAL LAW IN THE MMZIN THE MMZ
LEND ASSISTANCE IN ANY CRIMINAL MATTERS ON REQUEST BY A LEND ASSISTANCE IN ANY CRIMINAL MATTERS ON REQUEST BY A FOREIGN STATE (MUTUAL ASSISTANCE ACT 2002)FOREIGN STATE (MUTUAL ASSISTANCE ACT 2002)
CARRY OUT AIR AND COASTAL SURVEILLANCECARRY OUT AIR AND COASTAL SURVEILLANCE
PROVIDE PLATFORM SERVICES TO ANY RELEVANT AGENCYPROVIDE PLATFORM SERVICES TO ANY RELEVANT AGENCY
ENFORCE LAW AND ORDER UNDER ANY FEDERAL LAWENFORCE LAW AND ORDER UNDER ANY FEDERAL LAW IN THE MMZIN THE MMZ
CONDUCT AND COORDINATE MARITIME SEARCH AND RESCUECONDUCT AND COORDINATE MARITIME SEARCH AND RESCUE
ESTABLISH AND MANAGE MARITIME INSTITUTION FOR TRAININGESTABLISH AND MANAGE MARITIME INSTITUTION FOR TRAINING
TO ENSURE MARITIME SECURITY AND SAFETYTO ENSURE MARITIME SECURITY AND SAFETY
5
6
MALAYSIAN MARITIME ZONEMALAYSIAN MARITIME ZONE(Section 2 of the MMEA Act 2004)(Section 2 of the MMEA Act 2004)
Malaysian Maritime Zone means the internal Malaysian Maritime Zone means the internal
waters, territorial sea, continental shelf, waters, territorial sea, continental shelf,
exclusive economic zone and the Malaysian exclusive economic zone and the Malaysian
fisheries waters and includes the air space fisheries waters and includes the air space
over the zoneover the zone
Malaysian Maritime Zone means the internal Malaysian Maritime Zone means the internal
waters, territorial sea, continental shelf, waters, territorial sea, continental shelf,
exclusive economic zone and the Malaysian exclusive economic zone and the Malaysian
fisheries waters and includes the air space fisheries waters and includes the air space
over the zoneover the zone
MMEA: FUNCTIONS ON THE HIGH SEAS
CONDUCT MARITIME SEARCH AND RESCUECONDUCT MARITIME SEARCH AND RESCUE
CONTROL AND PREVENT MARITIME POLLUTIONCONTROL AND PREVENT MARITIME POLLUTION
PREVENT AND SUPPRESS PIRACYPREVENT AND SUPPRESS PIRACY
PREVENT AND SUPPRESS ILLICIT TRAFFIC IN PREVENT AND SUPPRESS ILLICIT TRAFFIC IN NARCOTIC DRUGSNARCOTIC DRUGS
7
WAR , SPECIAL CRISIS OR EMERGENCY
MMEA MAY BE PLACED UNDER THE COMMAND ANDMMEA MAY BE PLACED UNDER THE COMMAND AND CONTROL OF THE MALAYSIAN ARMED FORCESCONTROL OF THE MALAYSIAN ARMED FORCES
8
99
v
HEADQUARTERSHEADQUARTERS
5 MARITIME5 MARITIME
REGIONSREGIONS
18 MARITIME18 MARITIME
DISTRICTSDISTRICTS
18 MARITIME 18 MARITIME
BASESBASES
NORTHERN NORTHERN
REGIONREGION
v
7 MARITIME POSTS7 MARITIME POSTS
DIVISION OF MALAYSIAN DIVISION OF MALAYSIAN MARITIME ZONEMARITIME ZONE
SOUTHERNSOUTHERN
REGIONREGION
EASTERN EASTERN
REGIONREGION
SABAHSABAH
REGIONREGION
SARAWAK SARAWAK
REGIONREGION
10
MD 1
MD 2
MD 3
MD 9
MD 10
MD 4
MD 5
MD 8
MD 7
MD 6
KUALA PERLIS
KUALA KEDAH
KUALA KURAU
LUMUT
KUALA SELANGOR
BATU PAHATTG. SEDILI
MERSING
ROMPIN
KEMAMAN
KUALA TERENGGAN
U
TOK BALI
PULAU TIOMAN
PULAU PANGKOR
NORTHERN
SOUTHERN
EASTERN
11 1111
DM 1
DM 2
DM 3
DM 9
DM 10
DM 4
DM 5
DM 8
DM 7
DM 6
TAWANG
TOK BALI
KUALA TERENGGAN
U
ROMPIN
PULAU TIOMAN
MERSING
TG. SEDILI
KUALA PERLIS
KUALA KEDAH
KUALA KURAU
LUMUTPU PANGKOR
KUALA SELANGOR
PORT DICKSON
BATU PAHAT
WILAYAH UTARA
WILAYAH SELATANWILAYAH TIMUR
MD 11
MD 15
MD 14
MD 13
MD 12
MD 16
MD 17
MD 18
BINTULU
REJANG
MUKAH
MIRI
BETING PERTINGGI
ALI
LABUAN
KOTA KINABALU
PU. MENGALUM
KUDAT
SANDAKAN
LAHAT DATU
TAWAU
SARAWAK
SABAHBRU
NEI
PeninsularMalaysia
Sarawak
Sabah
Kalimatan
South China Sea
MALAYSI AN MARI TI ME SAR AREA OF RESPONSI BI LI TY
12
13 1313
MMEA ASSETSMMEA ASSETS MMEA ASSETSMMEA ASSETS
TYPESTYPES NUMBERNUMBERSS
SHIPS (> 20 m in SHIPS (> 20 m in length)length)
8787
BOATS (< 20 m in BOATS (< 20 m in length) length)
107107
RHIBsRHIBs 5353
HELICOPTERHELICOPTER 3 (Dauphin)3 (Dauphin)
3 (Agusta)3 (Agusta)
FIXED-WING A/CFIXED-WING A/C 2 (CL 415)2 (CL 415)
TOTALTOTAL 255255
MALAYSIAN SEA MALAYSIAN SEA SURVEILLANCE SURVEILLANCE
SYSTEMSSYSTEMS
JUGRA
TG PIAI
MCC LUMUT
ACC LANGKAWI
TG. KEMARONG
PU ANGSA
OFB
CAPE RACHARDO
PU UNDAN
SEGENTING
ACC JOHOR
ACC KLANG
BKT PENGERANG
MSSS HAS BEEN EXTENDED TO SABAH
GAYA IS, MANTANANI & BALAMBANGAN
17
Maritime Security Threats
• Transnational criminals– Piracy/Sea Robberry– Smugglers (drugs/ weapons/ people)– Human Trafficking– Illegal Logging– Terrorism
• Illegal seaborne migration– Illegal migration– Criminal movement across borders
• Environmental &/ or economic issues– Accidental Spills– Illegal Dumping– Over-fishing/ illegal fishing
18
PIRACY/SEA ROBBERY CASE
STUDY
DEFINITIONSPIRACY(a) any illegal act of violence or detention, or any act of depredation, committed for private ends
by the crew or the passengers of a private ship or a private aircraft, and directed:
• (i) on the high seas, against another ship, or against persons or property on board such ship;
• (ii) against a ship, persons or property in a place outside the jurisdiction of any State;
(b) any act of voluntary participation in the operation of a ship or of an aircraft with knowledge of facts making it a pirate ship or aircraft;
(c) any act of inciting or of intentionally facilitating an act described in subparagraph (a) or (b).
Source : UNCLOS
Cont’dRobbery (S.390)• (1) In all robbery there is either theft or extortion.
• (2) Theft is “robbery”, if, in order to commit theft, or in committing the theft, or in carrying away or attempting to carry away property obtained by the theft, the offender, for that end, voluntarily causes or attempts to cause to any person death, or hurt, or wrongful restraint, or fear of instant death, or of instant hurt, or of instant wrongful restraint.
• (3) Extortion is “robbery”, if the offender, at the time of committing the extortion, is in the presence of the person put in fear and commits the extortion by putting that person in fear of instant death, of instant hurt, or of instant wrongful restraint to that person or to some other person, and, by so putting in fear, induces the person so put in fear then and there to deliver up the thing extorted.
Source : Penal Code (ACT 574)
Cont’dGang-robbery (S.391)• When five or more persons conjointly commit or attempt to commit a robbery, or
where the whole number of persons conjointly committing or attempting to commit a robbery, and of persons present and aiding such commission or attempt, amount to five or more, every person so committing, attempting, or aiding, is said to commit “gang-robbery”.
Robbery when armed or with attempt to cause death or grievous hurt (S.397)• If at the time of committing or attempting to commit robbery, the offender is
armed with or uses any deadly weapon, or causes grievous hurt to any person, or attempts to cause death or grievous hurt to any person, such offender shall be liable to be whipped, in addition to any other punishment to which he may be liable under any other section of this Code.
Source : Penal Code (ACT 574)
HOT SPOTSFishing vessels
Motor TankerMotor Vessel
Tug Boats
Tug BoatsMotor Tanker
MT GREAT FISH:160040H APR 12
FV PKFB (U) 1336 131150H MEI 12
FV PKFB (U2) 1318 230600H APR 12
TB PIONER 88 220105H MEI 12
MT BINTANG222230H SEP 12
MT SCORPIO141415H SEP 12
TB GO CANUPOS250035H SEP 12
INCIDENTS REPORTED (2012)
MT BUNGA JASMIN230030H JUL 12
MT PUTRI072310H DIS 12
TB CONFIDENCE200155H JUL 12
BT WAYABULA052322H FEB 12
BT ALIA SARI052352H FEB 12
MT SAKURA050031H FEB 12
TB INAI TERATAI302237H JUL 12
MT MERLION DUA112315H DIS 12
TUKAU
SEMPORNA
LOCAL FV140830H MEI 12
TB ARIFAH ARIYANA182230H JUL 12
TB PSA-LM NO. 1 DI PADA 082030H JUL 12
MODUS OPERANDIOrganised• Target valuable cargo, Tug boat, Tanker (low freeboard)(mostly ship’s conducting
illegal activities).• Robbers 5 in numbers or more.• Involving arms.• board vessel with the sole intention of stealing cargo or ship.• Will threaten or even assault the crew if offer resistance.• Hijacked ship changed to ‘Phantom’ ship. The name and color will be changed
while underway (mostly funnel colour).• cargoes will be transferred at sea (mostly MGO) to ‘Phantom’ ship or ‘Unknown’
ship.• Crew will be tied in cabin or left to drift at sea on a liferaft (MT ZAFIRAH).
Cont’dNon-organised (Petty theft)• Petty theft.• Target – any low freeboard ship at anchor.• Trial and error method using bamboo stick tied with steel hook to climb.• Involving robbers lightly armed (machetes).• Robbers 6 in numbers or less.• board vessel with the sole intention of stealing valuable items or personal
belongings and escape upon completion/detection with or without the stolen items (MT SCORPIO).
• Review threat characteristics.• Consider defensive measures.• Consider route, weather, navigation.• Check authorities presence, group transits/convoys.• Develop emergency communication plan.• Avoid areas of recent piracy activity (if possible).• Use weather as anti piracy measure.• If possible, transit during night.• Consider personal protecting gear.• Establish alarm procedures.• Equip citadel/safe muster points, communications and provisions.• Intensify watchkeeping – employ extra lookouts.• Keep large CPA to potential threats.• Heightened readiness – engines, power supply and steering gear.• Darken ship – navlights on.• Have search lights ready.
PROTECTIVE MEASURES (Underway)
• Report to authorities once anchored.• Review Ship’s Security Plan.• Limit access to key compartments and equipment.• Employ obstacles (razor wire, water spray etc.)• Intensify watchkeeping, extra security personnel.• Have alarm procedures in place.• Have self defence measures ready.• Report any suspicious activity.
PROTECTIVE MEASURES (At Anchor)
• Raise Ship’s Alarm.• Muster according to ship’s contingency plan.• Activate SSAS, send distress call and ensure AIS is ’on’.• Set full speed up wind (underway).• ZigZag to force pirates to cross stern wave (underway).• Activate self defence: water spray, obstacles in water etc.• Keep your head down in case of shots fired.• Alert the company and authorities.• Go to safe muster point – offer no resistance.• If using citadel, make sure entire crew is inside.• Maintain communication with authorities.• Leave CCTV running.
PROTECTIVE MEASURES (If under attack/boarded)
• Situational awareness- Always aware on current situation in every port or waters.
• Training- Drill the crew.
• Vigilance- Treat every contact with suspicion.
• Preparedness- Ships equipped with anti-piracy equipment and tools. (barbwire, CCTV, etc.)
• Communication- Maintain continuous communication with relevant authorities.
• Cooperation- Provide early information of any suspicious activities surrounding the area.
THE KEY SUCCESS FACTORS
HOTLINE - 999MMEA Contact Points.
Hq 03-89434001 Kuantan 09-5735587
Langkawi 04-9609814 Kuala Terengganu 09-6223657
Pulau Pinang 04-26246146 Tok Bali 09-7780070
Lumut 05-6838737 Kuching 082-432544
Kuala Kedah 04-7621810 Bintulu 086-314024
Kuala Perlis 04-9851072 Miri 085-418204
Kuala Kurau 05-7279919 Tg. Manis 084-431364
Klang 03-31012445 Labuan 087-427999
Linggi 06-3876730 Kota Kinabalu 088-385174
Johor Bahru 07-2199402 Sandakan 089-229504
Tg Sedili 07-8916590 Tawau 089-752115
Batu Pahat 07-4344343 Lahad Datu 089-885713
Mersing 07-8531145
MARITIME STRATEGIES
• Maritime Domain Awareness• Visible Deterrence• Swift response• Ever present• Forward reaching• Maritime community cooperation
MARITIME COMMUNITY COOPERATION
• MMEA – Telekom Malaysia Cooperation on safety of underwater communication
cable on East Johor.
• MMEA – Johor Bunkering Association.Cooperation on EYES Program (Eyes and Ears at Sea).
Under the Maritime Community Cooperation strategy MMEA encourages engagements with organisations to ensure the safety of Malaysian Maritime Waters
MMEA ROLES FOCUSING ON PIRACY
In progress• Increased patrols in hot spot areas.• More personnel dedicated to combating piracy.• Special operations focusing on piracy.• Public relations – disseminating flyers on precautionary
measures for ships at anchor.• Bilateral agreement with neighbouring countries to
combat piracy (BARKORKAMLA, Singapore PCG).• Regional joint operations (PATKOR MALINDO).• Eyes program.
CHALLENGES
• Lack of communication between the maritime community and MMEA on early information of suspicious activities.
• Police report – ignorance of victims to lodge a police report.
• Blind spot on SWASLA radar coverage.
MMEA’s SUCCESS STORIES2 MAC 11 - ARREST OF 7 SUSPECTED SEA ROBBERS AT PENGERANG WATERS.
NO EVIDENCE. PROSECUTE UNDER IMMIGRATION ACT
9 MAC 11 - ARREST OF 7 SEA ROBBERS AT PENGERANG WATERS. CONVICTED & SENTENCED TO 12 YEARS JAIL AND 3 LASHES.
19 SEP 11 - ARREST OF 6 SEA ROBBERS AT TG. PIAI WATERS. CONVICTED & SENTENCED TO 10 YEARS JAIL AND 4 LASHES. ON APPEAL ADDITIONAL 5 YEARS
AND 1 LASH. TOTAL 15 YEARS JAIL AND 5 LASHES.
11 DECEMBER 2012 - ARREST OF 8 SEA ROBBERS AT 3.2 NM OFF TG SETAPA. CASE UNDERGOING TRIAL.
Thank You