Post on 15-Jan-2016
May 6, 2015 Food Forum for Industry and Government in Southwestern OntarioIngersoll, Ontario
FoodNet Canada – Integrated Surveillance for Food Safety from Farm to Fork
• What is it?» Canada’s National Integrated Enteric Pathogen Surveillance
Program
» Coordinated by Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC)
» Collaboration with federal, provincial & regional partners
• What we do?» Collect data from sentinel sites to detect trends in human enteric
illness and exposures from food, animal, and water sources
» Determine significant risk factors for enteric illness
» Determine the relative contribution of foods & other sources to illness in Canada (Source attribution)
• Why we do it?» Inform food and water safety policy in Canada
FoodNet Canada
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What is a sentinel site?
British Columbia Sentinel Site - April 2010
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Alberta Sentinel Site - August 2014Ontario Sentinel Site - August 2014
FoodNet Canada – Three Sentinel Sites
FoodNet Canada Structure
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BC AB ON
FoodNet Canada Central
Data integration
and analysis
Data collection
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Dairy, beef, swine, broiler, layer (manure samples)
Farm management questionnaire
Raw surface waterMeat: chicken, beef, pork
Produce: soft berries, fresh cut fruits, leafy greens and herbs (episodic)
Stool samples
Enhanced standardized questionnaires
FoodNet Canada - Design
FoodNet Canada Surveillance: 4 components
• Bacteria• Salmonella spp.
• Campylobacter spp.
• Verotoxigenic E. coli
• Shigella spp.
• Yersinia enterocolitica
• Listeria monocytogenes
• Parasites• Giardia
• Cryptosporidium
• Cyclospora
• Viruses• Norovirus
• Rotavirus
• Speciation• Serotyping• Phagetyping• AMR• PFGE• Genotyping• Ribotyping
Systematic typing of isolates»Harmonised methodology across components
»Enhanced subtyping
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Surveillance : target pathogens
FoodNet Canada
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Built on Public Health Collaboration»Enhanced passive surveillance »Links rich risk factor data & lab data »Standardized Questionnaire »Enhancing Capacity - training »Collaborative projects/research»Inform food and water policy and decision making in Canada
FoodNet Canada
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FNC Retail Surveillance
• Sampling at the grocery store level helps to characterize the risk of exposure at the food handling & consumption levels - can also be used to identify trends at processing (for federally inspected products)
• 3 or 4 randomly selected stores are visited each week
• Samplers are public health inspectors
FNC Agriculture Surveillance
• Collaboration with CIPARS• Commodity inclusion in the farm component is based on
the agricultural profile of the sentinel site region.• Third party sampling to maintain confidentiality• Manure sampling
Sampling in commodities may include the following commodities:
• swine • dairy• beef • broiler chicken • egg layer• turkey
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Agriculture Surveillance in Middlesex- London
Sampling is being conducted in the following commodities:• Swine • Broiler chicken • Egg layer
Sampling is planned for the following commodities:• Dairy
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FNC Water Surveillance
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• Ontario Sentinel Site » 2005-2013: sampling on Grand
River
» Partnership with OMOE
» 3 years of beach sampling
» 2015 – planned sampling on Thames River & well water testing
• Attribution is the partitioning of the human disease burden of one (or more) foodborne infections to specific sources (Pires, 2009)
• Burden : sporadic and/or outbreak cases• Sources : reservoirs and/ or vehicles
• Partitioning : ranking of sources
or number of cases per source
• Modes of transmission: partition cases to
transmission routes to understand impact of interventions
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Slaughter / transformation
Retail Consumption InfectionFarm
FoodNet Canada
Data integration : source attribution
Practical Benefits• Science to Inform Prevention
» Identifies what foods and other sources cause illness in Canada, and regional differences in risk» Positive results from food sampling are shared with food safety partners and support risk
assessments and follow-up» Supports efforts to direct actions based on the greatest risks to public health
• System Performance» Evaluates the effectiveness of food safety programs» Provides the performance evidence demanded by our trade partners.
• Example: FNC detected reduced levels of E. coli O157 in ground beef correlated with a decrease in human cases of E. coli O157
• Stakeholder Engagement» Provides practical information to federal, provincial and territorial food and water safety partners » Provides industry with information that can support better industry-led approaches to improve
upstream prevention efforts
FoodNet Canada - Roles
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CIPARS: Active and Passive Surveillance Components
Farm Surveillance - Methods
• Sentinel farm based system
• Field work: Flock/herd veterinarians» Confidentiality and biosecurity» Compensation for producers and vets
• Flock/herd selection and recruitment» Inclusion and exclusion criteria
• Composite fecal samples» E. coli, Salmonella (Campylobacter)» AMR testing: Sensititre® System
– NARMS panel of antimicrobials
• Questionnaires» Antimicrobial use data» Flock/herd demographics, animal inventory and health data
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30130
330 (12)*
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304
Nationally: 129 flocks
15 Vets
Implementation flocks allocation per province(Target of 30 flocks in each FoodNet Canada sentinel site)
AB Ag Lab, Edmonton AB
PHAC-LFZ Lab, Guelph ON
PHAC-LFZ Lab, St. Hyacinth QC
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*Additional flocks sampled within London-Middlesex FoodNet Canada Sentinel Site
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Broiler Poultry: Distribution of sentinel flocks & vets
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Hatchery Stage Broiler BarnAT PLACEMENT
Characterization of : 1)Vertically-transmitted E. coli and Salmonella spp2)Carry-over 3) AMR emergence associated with subcutaneous & in-ovo drug uses
- Reflects barn-level AMR associated with total antimicrobial exposure and barn characteristics;- Proximal to consumer
Subcutin-ovo
Broiler Barn PRE-HARVEST
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AGE TO MARKET
Feed & Water AMU
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Placement Pre-harvest
Sampling points
Stage (Days)
Antimicrobial Use
Significance
Broiler Poultry: Surveillance Methods
268
155
123
277
286
Nationally: 108 Herds29 Vets
•At implementation, herds were allocated per province proportional to the number of Grower/Finisher Units in each province
• AF Lab
• PDS Lab
• PHAC-LFZ Lab
• PHAC-LFZ Lab
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G-F Swine: Distribution of sentinel herds & vets
WINTER SUMMER FALL
Herd dataPig #sAM useHealth
Composite fecal samples from CTM* pens collected & submitted by the herd veterinarian
CTM* Questionnaire:• Herd/site demographic data • Number of pigs, mortalities, marketed• Antimicrobial use data• Animal Health data
* CTM = Close-To-Market, pigs > 80 Kgs (175 Lbs)
Sampling Seasons
Herd dataPig #sAM usePig Health
• One sampling/data collection visit per herd per year
• Veterinarians distribute sampling of herds over the calendar year
G-F Swine: Sample & Data Collection - Refined
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Human ComponentON Site 2013
o438 Cases Reportedo 57% endemico 25% travel-relatedo 15% LTFo 2% outbreak-related
oTop 3 endemic diseases reported:o Campylobacteriosiso Salmonellosiso Giardiasis
FNC Data Highlights
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Endemic Cases
Yearly distribution of pathogen contamination on retail meat in the ON site, 2006 to 2013
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Note: Dashed lines indicate a laboratory or sampling method change. Chicken breast samples with skin were tested in 2006 and 2007. Starting in 2008, skinless chicken breast samples were tested. Testing for Campylobacter and Salmonella on ground beef samples was discontinued in 2011. Testing for VTEC on chicken breast samples was discontinued in 2011.
FNC Data Highlights
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FNC Data Highlights
Retail Component - Targeted Surveillance, Ontario, 2013
Pathogen Detection on Retail Meat
Ground Chicken Frozen Chicken Nuggets
2012† 2013 2012† 2013
percent positive (number positive/number tested)
Campylobacter 20% (29/142) 17% (17/102) 0% (0/29)a .
Salmonella 66% (95/144) 54% (55/102)* 41% (59/144) 39% (40/102)
Listeria monocytogenes 35% (51/144) 31% (32/102) 20% (29/144) 17% (17/102)
Retail Component - Targeted Surveillance, Ontario, 2013
Bagged Leafy Greens
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FNC Data Highlights
Pathogen Detection on Leafy Greensa
ON Site BC Site
2010† 2013 2010† 2013
percent positive (number positive/number tested)
Cryptosporidium 0% (0/372) 3.8% (11/293)*** 0% (0/202) 2.4% (7/294)c**
Giardia 3.0% (11/372) 8.5% (25/296)*** 2.0% (4/202) 5.4% (16/295)*
Cyclospora 0% (0/372) 0.34% (1/296) 0% (0/202) 0.34% (1/295)
Norovirus 0.54% (2/372) 0.68% (2/296) 0.50% (1/202) 0.68% (2/294)
Rotavirus 0% (0/372) 0% (0/296) 0% (0/202) 0.34% (1/294)
Listeria monocytogenes 2.4% (9/372) 1.0% (3/296) 0% (0/202) 0.34% (1/294)
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Agriculture Component - Individual Manure Samples
FNC Data Highlights
Broiler chicken: Placement and pre-harvest recovery rates, 2013
Broiler Poultry: CIPARS results, 2013
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RECOVERY RESULTS
Higher percentages of recovery at preharvest
CIPARS Component/
Animal species
Chicken -placement British Columbia 2013 72% 43/60 28% 17/60
Alberta 2013 89% 31/35 29% 29/35
Ontario 2013 85% 64/75 17% 13/75
Québec 2013 82% 53/65 17% 11/65
National 2013 81% 191/235 22% 51/235
Chicken -preharvest British Columbia 2013 98% 94/96 71% 68/96 28% 27/96
Alberta 2013 100% 60/60 40% 24/60 25% 15/60
Ontario 2013 100% 120/120 54% 65/120 17% 20/120
Québec 2013 99% 111/112 64% 72/112 17% 19/112
National 2013 99% 385/388 59% 229/388 20% 81/388
Province / region YearPercentage (%) of isolates recovered and number of isolates recovered / number of samples submitted
Escherichia coli Salmonella Campylobacter Enterococcus
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• Surveillance initiative supported by:» PHAC Food Safety Action Plan
» Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food (OMAF)
• Ranking exposures and identifying knowledge gaps (Evers et al. 2008) » QMRA based
» Ontario
» 19 exposure routes: • foodborne (beef, pork, chicken, seafood/fish, vegetables, firm and soft fruits, raw
milk),• waterborne (drinking water, recreational water), and• contact with animals (dog/cat, petting zoos, & living on or visiting chicken, pig, beef,
or dairy farms).
Campylobacter Comparative Exposure Assessment
FoodNet Canada: Successes
Possible routes of exposure considered in FoodNet study
Raw chicken, beef, pork, fish, shellfish
• Prepared chicken, beef, pork Produce (fruit and vegetables)• Raw milk (scoping review and meta-analysis)
• Water Treated drinking water» Untreated well water (scoping review) Recreational water (accidental ingestion during swim)
• Animal contact » Pets (scoping review and meta-analysis)» Petting zoos (scoping review and meta-analysis) Farms
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Campylobacter Comparative Exposure Assessment
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Campylobacter Comparative Exposure Assessment
Identifying Issues: Retail Frozen Chicken Nuggets/Strips and Salmonella Enteritidis
EstablishmentProportion positive
SalmonellaProportion positive
S. Enteritidis
Identified establishment
41.7% 25.0%
All other establishments
19.2% 3.4%
Total 28.3% 12.1
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FoodNet Canada: Successes
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Percent of Ground Beef positive for VTEC
Decline in Human illness and VTEC in Ground Beef with Increased Interventions by Industry
Preliminary results
FoodNet Canada: Successes
FoodNet Canada: Successes
FoodNet Canada Data and Research:
Enables the PHAC to determine the proportion of human illness stemming from various sources
Informs data and knowledge gaps in Canada
Informs the Canadian F/P/T Government/Industry
Informs Provincial, Territorial and National outbreak investigations and response
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Informing national/provincial/territorial outbreak investigations and response
Salmonella Enteritidis subtypes in exposures
Salmonella Thompson WGS
Evaluating VTEC in swine manure and ground pork
Identifying parasites on produce as an emerging issue for risk profile/policy development
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FoodNet Canada: Successes
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• Enhanced and integrated surveillance: a priority for Health and Agriculture»Exploring expansion to full FNC design: 5 sites
• AMR also a priority»Continued collaboration with CIPARS
• Full operation in BC, AB & ON sites
• Bolster KT & Science to Policy
• Focus on utilizing source attribution methodologies that are based on molecular typing
• Inform food and water policy and decision making in Canada
Moving into 2015
FoodNet Canada
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FNC & CIPARS rely on collaboration with public health at all levels of government, provincial agriculture and environment, industry
and other stakeholders
Thank you!Q&A and Discussion
FoodNet Canada