Matter and Energy Objectives: Distinguish between a mixture and a pure substance Describe four...

Matter and EnergyObjectives:

Distinguish between a mixture and a pure substance

Describe four common states of matter and how particles behave in each state

Building Blocks of Matter•Atom – smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element. Neutral charge

•Element – a pure substance made of only one kind of atom

•Compound – a substance that is made of the atoms from two or more elements that are chemically combined

Classification of MatterPure substance – composed of one kind of atom or molecule

•has a fixed composition•has the same physical and chemical properties throughout

Mixture – a blend of two or more kinds of matter

•Can be physically separated. Methods include: centrifugation, distillation,

filtration, and magnets.

Heterogeneous – NOT uniform throughout and will show Tyndall Effect (scattering of light due to particles in a solution)

oSuspension - Particles are suspended in a fluid that will settle out

Homogeneous – uniform in composition throughout

oSolution - one or more substances (the solutes) dissolved in another substance (the solvent)oColloid - Particles suspended in a liquid that do not settle out. Can also exhibit Tyndall Effect

Mixtures

States of Matter

SolidHave a definite shape and volumeParticles have strong attractive force, but still vibrateTwo types Crystalline – orderly

arrangement of atoms Amorphous – no particular order

or arrangement of atoms

LiquidHave a definite volume but not a definite shapeParticles move fast enough to overcome forces of attractionSurface tension – force between particles at the surface that cause spherical shapes

Does NOT have definite volume or shapeParticles moves fast enough to break away from each other

Plasma

Does NOT have a definite shape or volumeParticle are broken apart (electrons have been stripped off)Conduct electric currentExamples?

Energy & Change of State

sition

Changes of StateMelting point – Temperature at which a solid changes to a liquidFreezing point – Temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid

Boiling point – Temperature at which a liquid changes to a gasCondensation point – Temperature at which a gas changes to a liquid

Same Temp.

Phase TransitionsMelting: change of a solid to a liquid.Freezing: change a liquid to a solid.Vaporization: change of a liquid to a gas. Condensation: change of a gas to a liquid. Sublimation : Change of solid to gasDeposition: Change of a gas to a solid.

H2O(s) H2O(l)

H2O(l) H2O(s)

H2O(l) H2O(g)

H2O(g) H2O(l)

H2O(s) H2O(g)

H2O(g) H2O(s)

Phase changes by Name

Energy & Change of State

Reactions/Changes can be: Endothermic – requires energy orExothermic – produces energy

Water phase changes

Temperature remains constant during a phase change.

Energy

Which of the following is a physical change?

burning gaso

cookin

g an egg

decomposin

g meat

evaporating w

ng iron

0% 0% 0%0%0%

1. burning gasoline2. cooking an egg3. decomposing meat4. evaporating water5. rusting iron

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Which of these is an element?

Nitric

acid W

ood Si

lver Brass

0% 0% 0%0%0%

1. Water2. Nitric acid3. Wood4. Silver5. Brass

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Which of the following is an incorrect description?

A homogeneous m

ixture.

A heterogeneous c

omp...

A solid

element.

A mixt

ure of solid

A solution of g

0% 0% 0%0%0%

1. A homogeneous mixture.2. A heterogeneous

compound.3. A solid element.4. A mixture of solids.5. A solution of gases.

This is the process shown by the arrow.

Melting

Freezi

Evaporation

Condensation

Sublim

Deposition

0% 0% 0%0%0%0%

1. Melting2. Freezing3. Evaporation4. Condensation5. Sublimation6. Deposition

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

This is the process shown by the arrow.

Melting

Freezi

Evaporation

Condensation

Sublim

Deposition

0% 0% 0%0%0%0%

1. Melting2. Freezing3. Evaporation4. Condensation5. Sublimation6. Deposition

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

This is the classification of glass.

Homogeneous mixture

Heteroge

neous mixt

Element

Pure substa

Colloid

0% 0% 0%0%0%

1. Homogeneous mixture2. Heterogeneous mixture3. Element4. Pure substance5. Colloid

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Matter and Energy Objectives: Distinguish between a mixture and a pure substance Describe four...

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