Maslow’s Theory“We each have a hierarchy of needs that ranges from "lower" to "higher." As lower needs are fulfilled there is a tendency for other, higher needs to emerge.”

Maslow’s Theory

Maslow’s theory maintains that a person does not feel a higher need until the needs of the current level have been satisfied. Maslow's basic needs are as follows:

Esteem

Self-Actualization

Safety

Social

Physiological

Physiological Needs

FoodAirWaterClothingSex

Basic Human Needs

Safety Needs

Protection Stability Pain

Avoidance Routine/Order

Safety and Security

Social Needs

Affection Acceptance Inclusion

Love and Belonging

Esteem Needs Self-Respect Self-Esteem Respected by

Others

Esteem

Self-Actualization Achieve full potential Fulfillment

HERZBERG’S Motivation-Hygiene Theory

Psychologist Frederick Herzberg believed that:Intrinsic—natural, real—factors are related to

job satisfaction &Extrinsic factors are related to job

dissatisfaction.

Herzberg’s Theory cont’dOn the other hand, when employees

were dissatisfied, they tended to cite extrinsic factors such as company policy and administration, supervision, interpersonal relationships, and working conditions.

Herzberg suggested emphasizing motivators—those factors that increase job satisfaction, such as recognition and growth.

Hygiene FactorsHerzberg’s term for factors such as:

Working conditions and Salary—when these factors are adequate, people will not be dissatisfied, but neither will they be satisfied.

These factors may eliminate job dissatisfaction but do not necessarily increase job satisfaction.

Herzberg proposed that his findings indicate that the opposite of “satisfaction” is “no satisfaction” and the opposite of “dissatisfaction” is “no dissatisfaction.”

Herzberg’s TheoryHe believed that an individual’s attitude

toward his or her work can very well determine success or failure

Intrinsic factors such as achievement, recognition, and responsibility were related to job satisfaction

When people felt good about their work, they tended to attribute these characteristics to themselves.