Post on 04-Aug-2015
description
Profile of SPARK's Members
S. No. Member's Name ID No.
01. Md. Kamal Ahmed 07882419
02. Md. Syedul Islam 07882453
03. Md. Tanbir Ahmed Siddiki 07882467
04. Md. Arafat Hossain 07882471
05. Md. Golam Miraz 07882499
06. Zahirul Islam 07882517
07. Md. Miraj Hussain Kaji 07882535
08. Md. Chand Mia 07882547
09. Nazmul Huda 07882639
Scientific Management(1910-1935)
Frederick Taylor
Frank Bunker Gilbreth
Lillian Moller Gilbreth
Scientific Management
The process of approaching various aspects of organizations in a scientific manner using scientific tools such as research, management, and analysis.
Scientific Management Theorists
PURISTS
Frederick Taylor
Henry Gannt
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth
TRANSITIONALISTS
Luther Gulick
Max Weber
Henry Fayol
Frederick Taylor Efficiency Expert in U.S. Steel
Industry Invented New Tool Designs
and Handling Methods Designed stop-Watch Task
Timing Created Piece-Rate Payment
Scheme Developed Industrial
Departments
Time Studies and the Piece-Rate System Studied most efficient
worker Used stop-watch timing
to measure each production step
Eliminated any unnecessary movements
Designed standardized instruction cards for employees
Employees paid for meeting the established rate of production
Aims of scientific management To determine industrial and market trends As a result of determination of industrial and market
trends planned and balanced operations in an enterprise will assure continuous employment to the employees
To obtain better gains for the concern and its employees To improve the living standard of workers To provide better contentment and a happier life for
workers
Continued……. To render employees satisfactory conditions for work To provide highest opportunity for ivorker's employment
and advancement To motivate workers for promotion to higher positions To generate self-reliance and self-respect in workers To develop personality, attitudes and behavior of workers To build workers' character To promote equity and justice To create atmosphere of amity and mutual cooperation
New views generated by scientific management
F. W. Taylor promoted many new attitudes employing scientific principles that was different from the practice of those days. He introduced that scientific management is called for conservation, not waste.
Continued…Followings are the principles-
- scientific management promoted an air of investigation , research and analysis.
- it viewed management and labor as a team.
- emphasis on planning , use of standard, research and cooperative endeavor.
Frank and Lillian GilbrethName: Frank Bunker Gilbreth, Sr.Born: July 7, 1868. Fairfield, Maine.Died: June 14, 1924 (aged 55) Montclair, New JerseyEmployer: Purdue University
Name: Lillian Evelyn Moller GilbrethBorn: May 24, 1878. Oakland, California.Died: January 2, 1972 (aged 93) Phoenix, ArizonaOccupation: Ergonomics expert Management
consultant Professor
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth
- Associates of Fredrick Winslow Taylor, their work was intertwined with his and their motion studies predated Taylor’s system first published in 1903.
- Developed the laws of human motion from which evolved the principles of motion economy.
Continued…….
When he work as an apprentice bricklayer, noted three sets of motion…
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth
Pioneers in the field of motion studies and provided the foundation for job simplification, meaningful work, and incentive wage plans.
Analyzed each motion of work for wasted efforts in an attempt to reduce each task to the smallest amount of expended time and energy.
Professed: effective training, effective work methods, improved work environment, positive psychological perspective.
Made the connection between standardization and efficiency Believed that time could not be separated from motion; the two
were intertwined.
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth Systematically examined how repetitive tasks were performed
These repetitive tasks were broken down into Therbligs, which are systems for analyzing the motions involved in performing a task. This consisted of identification of individual motions, as well as moments of delay in the process, designed to find unnecessary or inefficient motions and to utilize or eliminate even split seconds of wasted time.
the major contributions of Frank and Lillian Gilbreth are presented next along with a brief description.
Motion and Time Study Motion Study is designed to determine to best way to
complete a repetitive job. Motion study involves the analysis of the basic hand,
arm, and body movements of workers as they perform work.
Time Study measures how long it takes an average worker to complete a task at a normal pace.
History of Motion and Time Study- they used separately but became interrelated
Motion Study
Frank B. Gilbreth, Lillian M. Gilbreth
•1885, he begun to develop motion study
Time Study
Frederick W. Taylor
•1881, he started to develop time study
Details of Motion and Time Study
Motion Study
Bricklaying
Tools Used
- Motion camera
Time Study Started at a machine shop Home with his family
Tools
-Stopwatch & Clipboard Tools used today….
- Computers
- Bar codes
- Accustudy Software
Continued….Motion Study
Improve methods
It measures distance, or how much you move to do a job, and how much you get done
in a period of time
Time Study
Establish standards
Looked at the average time it took an average worker
Therblig… Any of a set of fundamental motions required for a worker to
perform a manual operation. Therbligs are the smallest units of work. They were developed by
Frank Gilbreth, one of the fathers of ergonomics, the science of motion.
Invented and refined Therbligs roughly between 1908 and 1924. Each Therblig had a mnemonic symbol and standard color for charting
Therbligs are the basic building blocks of virtually all manual work performed at a single workplace and consisting primarily of hand motions. – A list of Gilbreth’s 17 therbligs is presented along with the letter symbol used for each as well as a brief description.
Examples of therbligs…..
Gilbreth's Contribution
- Devoted to Efficiency- Analyzed Motion and Movements of Workers- Created Therblig System- Their studies were part of the manufacturing
revolution in the U.S.
Criticisms…
In response to Taylor’s time studies and view of human nature, many strong criticisms and reactions were recorded-Unions, for example, regarded time study as a disguised tool of management designed to standardize and intensify the pace of production. -individuals such as Gilbreth (1909), Cadbury and Marshall heavily criticized Taylor and pervaded his work with subjectivity. -In addition, Taylor’s critics condemned the lack of scientific substance in his time studies, in the sense that they relied heavily on individual interpretations of what workers actually do.