Post on 25-Dec-2015
WARM-UP: WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 3RD
Q). In the following picture, name something that is matter and something
that is not matter. EXPLAIN WHY
MATTERMatter can be described by using physical and chemical properties.
These are characteristics that matter has that make it unique.
PROPERTY = CHARACTERISTIC
*We use properties to describe characteristics/qualities about matter•What properties would you use to describe a football?
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Physical Properties: Are properties that can be observed or measured. (color, mass, length, volume, density, state, etc).
Physical properties DO NOT change the identity of the substance Meaning when you observe or measure a
substance, you do not change the substance into something else.
OBSERVABLE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Observable Physical Properties: Properties you can use your senses to get information about an object.
If you can describe the matter based on what it looks, feels, smells or tastes like, you are describing the physical properties.
EXAMPLES OF: OBSERVABLE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
1).Malleability: the ability of a substance to be pounded into thin sheets.
EXAMPLES OF: OBSERVABLE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
2). Color: The color of object can be seen and is a physical property of matter.
Color can help identify a substance. For example, sulfur is usually yellow in color, iodine is usually red in color.
Sulfur Iodine
EXAMPLES OF: OBSERVABLE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
6). Smell: The smell or odor an object gives off can also help identify a substance. For example, sulfur has a rotten egg smell, vinegar has a very acidic smell, and chlorine has a very strong bleach smell.
EXAMPLES OF: OBSERVABLE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
7). Conduction of heat or electricity: The ability for heat and electricity to pass through an object easily.Metals are usually the best conductors of heat and electricity.
EXAMPLES OF: OBSERVABLE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
8).Insulator of electricity or heat: when an object passes heat and electricity poorly.Nonmetals are usually good insulators.
EXAMPLES OF: OBSERVABLE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
9). Ductility: the ability to be drawn or pulled into a wire.Metals usually are ductile.
EXAMPLES OF: OBSERVABLE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
10). Solubility: The ability to dissolve in another substance.Examples: sugar dissolves in water.
EXAMPLES OF: OBSERVABLE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
11). State of Matter: Matter can either be a solid, liquid, gas, or plasma. We observe this by using our senses.
STATES OF MATTER
MATTER CAN BE FOUND IN 4 MATTER CAN BE FOUND IN 4 STATES (PHASES)
SOLIDSOLIDLIQUIDLIQUIDGASGASPLASMAPLASMA
State of matter is a physical property!!!!
http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/states_of_matter/
PARTICLES of a SOLID (Physical Property)
Pattern: ATOMS (PARTICLES) ARE ARRANGED CLOSELY PACKED TOGETHERMovement: VIBRATEShape/Volume: HAS FIXED SHAPE & FIXED VOLUME
–THE OBJECT IS HARDERTHE OBJECT IS HARDER– THE MORE DIFFICULT IT IS TO THE MORE DIFFICULT IT IS TO
BREAK THEM APARTBREAK THEM APART– THE MORE ENERGY NEEDED TO THE MORE ENERGY NEEDED TO
CHANGE FROM A SOLID TO A CHANGE FROM A SOLID TO A
LIQUIDLIQUID
In Solids, the particles are very tightly packed SO:
The particles in a LIQUID:Pattern: noneMovement: atoms roll or slide over each other and move faster than a solid.Shape: No fixed shape, takes shape of containerVolume: Fixed
The particles in a GAS:
Pattern: noneMovement: PARTICLES
MOVE VERY FAST & AS FAR APART AS THEY CAN GET
Shape: NO FIXED SHAPE, takes shape of container
Volume: No fixed volume
The particles in PLASMA:
Pattern: noneMovement: Particles move very fast and are therefore very HOTShape/Volume: NO FIXED SHAPE OR VOLUMEFacts: Most common state of matter in
the universe. Most Uncommon state of matter
on Earth. Found in lightning, fluorescent
lights and stars (Sun)
WARM-UP: THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 4TH Q). What did I have for dinner?
On the lines to the left of your question box.
Write down the 10 observable physical
properties that describe one of the foods you
ate for dinner and the answer in ALL CAPS.
MEASURABLE PROPERTIES OF MATTER Measurable Properties: Properties that
must be measured with a tool (ruler, beaker, graduated cylinder, scale, etc.).
Ruler
Graduated Cylinder
Beaker
Triple Beam Balance
Scale
MEASURABLE PROPERTIES OF MATTER
1). Mass: is the amount of matter that something is made of.Calculate: Using a triple beam balance or a scale.Unit: in science ALWAYS use grams (g) or kilograms (kg).
MEASURABLE PROPERTIES OF MATTER
2). Weight: is the amount gravity is pulling on an object. Different on the MOON!!! Other wise it is measured the same as MASS!!
On earth, we just weigh you to calculate!
MEASURABLE PROPERTIES OF MATTER
3). Volume: the amount of space an object takes up.Measured by: different for regular solid, irregular solid and liquids.Examples of Regular Solids: any solid you can measure the length, width and height of.
Examples of Irregular Solids: any solid you cannot measure the length, width and height of.
Examples of Liquids: any object that has no definite shape but does have a definite volume.
MEASURABLE PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Measuring Volume of Regular Solids: measure the length, width and height with ruler and multiply them together.
Length X Width X Height = Volume of Regular Solid
cm X cm X cm = cm3
*ALWAYS USE CENTIMETERS IN SCIENCE!!!!
UNIT: cm3
MEASURABLE PROPERTIES OF MATTER Measuring Volume of Irregular Solids: Water
displacement. Put water into a graduated cylinder and record volume. Place irregular solid into cylinder with water and record second volume. Subtract the two amounts.
Initial volume (water only) – volume with irregular solid = volume of solid
UNIT: measured in mL but, since it is a solid use cm3. 1 mL = 1 cm3
Measuring the Volume of Liquids: How to calculate: Use a graduate cylinder to find the
volume at the meniscus.
Material: graduated cylinder, beaker, flask
How to read a graduated cylinderHow to read a graduated cylinder Must be at eye level to read.Must be at eye level to read.
Must read to bottom of the curveMust read to bottom of the curve. MENISCUS - bottom of the curve.
Unit: mL or L
4). Temperature – A measure of how hot or cold a substance is.
o Calculate – Use a thermometer o Unit – degrees Fahrenheit/ Celsius (in USA we use
F)
MEASURABLE PROPERTIES OF MATTER
5). Boiling point: the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas at a given pressure water (H2O) = 100o C (212o F)
Calculate – Use a thermometer
6). Melting point: the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid at a given pressure
water (H2O) = 0o C (32 o F) Calculate – Use a thermometer
7). Freezing Point: the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a Solid at a given pressure
water (H2O) = 0o C (32 o F)Calculate – Use a thermometer
8) Specific heat - How much energy it takes to increase the temperature 1 degrees.
o Calculate – special thermometer o Units: joules per kilogram kelvin
o A high specific hear means it takes a LOT of energy/heat to change the temperature of the substance.
MEASURABLE PROPERTIES OF MATTER
9). Density: the amount of matter in a given space or volume. Density is used to describe matter because everything has a different density.
MEASURABLE PROPERTIES OF MATTER Measure by: dividing and objects mass by it’s
volume. Calculate: Density = Mass/Volume
mD = -------
V
Mass divided by Volume
UNIT: since mass is measured in grams and volume is measured in cm3 or mL the unit for density has to have those two units.
So, the unit for density is g/mL or g/cm3.
D
m
V
DENSITY OF WATER!!!!!
The density of water is ALWAYS 1.0 g/mL.
Anything less than 1.0 g/mL will FLOAT.
Anything greater than 1.0 g/mL will sink.
Practice
Calculate the density for the following objects:a.Mass= 10 Volume= 5b.Mass= 16 Volume= 8c.Mass= 5 Volume= 10d.Mass= 12 Volume= 12
Which object is water? Which object willfloat in water? Which objects will sink in water?
2g/ml sinker
2g/cm3 sinker
0.5g/ml floater
1g/cm3 water
WARM-UP: FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 5TH Q). When the ice melts in a glass of ice water, will the volume increase, decrease, or stay the same? EXPLAIN
Why are some objects less dense than other objects?
As the molecules of a substance spread apart, the density of the
substance is lowered.
WHAT CAUSES MOLECULES TO SPREAD?
Adding energy (usually in the form of heat) so the movement of the
molecules increases.
Objects float in other substances because they are less dense than the
substance they are floating in.
Why does ice float in water? They are both the same substance, right?
Notice how tightly packed the atoms are in the liquid water vs the solid water?
The spaces between the atoms make solid water less dense. Is this true for all solids?
NO WAY!!! This is a unique quality of water. Most solids are always more dense than their liquid forms.
Water molecules in ice (water’s solid form) are further apart then they are in water (liquid form), giving ice a density less than 1.
ANSWER: DECREASE
DENSITYo When does an objects density
change?o If heat is added or taken away!!!!o HEAT – spreads out molecules
and makes them LESS denseo Take AWAY heat – molecules
come together and makes them MORE dense.
o Hot objects are less dense than cool objects!!!!
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Chemical property: a property that can only be observed by changing the identity (chemical composition) of the substance
Examples:
•Flammability, combustibility
•ability to rust
•reactivity
(with, vinegar, oxygen, acids..)
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER :EXAMPLES
Flammability: the ability to burn.
Reactivity: The ability for a substance to react with another. Simply, when two substances get together, something can happen.