Matter : Physical vs. Chemical
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Transcript of Matter : Physical vs. Chemical
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Matter: Physical vs. Chemical
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Properties of Matter• Characteristics that enable us to
distinguish one kind of matter from another.
• How can we distinguish hydrochloric acid from water?
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Types of Properties• Extensive
– Depends on the amount of matter – e.g., volume, mass, amount of energy
(cal)• Intensive
– Does not depend on the amount of matter
– e.g., melting point, boiling point, density, conductivity
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Physical & Chemical Properties
• Physical Property–Can be observed or measured
without changing a substance’s composition.
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Boiling Point
Density
Melting Point
MalleabilityConductivity
Color
HardnessMagnetism
Ability to transmit light
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Physical & Chemical Properties
• Chemical Property–Can only be observed by
changing the composition of the material
–Changes its identity
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The ability of a substance to…Rust
DecayBurn
React with acid, base, or water
Ferment
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Properties of Water• Water expands as it freezes.
(Physical)• Hydrogen peroxide, H2O2 can decompose to
produce water. (Chemical)
• Water boils quicker in Denver, CO than at the beach. (Physical)
• When an electrical current is passed through water, elemental hydrogen and oxygen are produced. (Chemical)
• Salt can dissolve in water. (Physical)
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Physical & Chemical Changes
• Physical Change–Will change the visible
appearance, without changing the composition of the material
–Changes that effect only physical properties.
–Does not change the composition!
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Physical Changes
• Boil• Melt• Freeze• Distillation• Sublimatio
n• Expand
• Crush• Diffuse• Condens
e• Osmosis• Cut• Split• Crack
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Physical & Chemical Changes
• Chemical Change–Changes that involve a
change in the composition of the substance.
–New matter is formed
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Chemical Changes• Ferment• Decay/Decompose• React with acid, base, or water
• Neutralize• Rust• Digest• Tarnish• Explode / Burn• Ignite• Cook
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2H2O 2H2 + O2
• Reactants the stuff you start with
• Products- what you make
• Arrow points from the reactants to the new products• The products will have NEW
PROPERTIES different from the reactants you started with
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Indicators of Chemical Change
1. Color Change2. Gas produced 3. Temperature
change4. Light produced5. Precipitate forms6. Irreversibility
– Not easily reversed!
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• Color Change–Very hard to reverse–Think about cooking an
egg
Indicators of Chemical Change
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• Gas produced– Bubbles are produced– Careful there are
examples of bubbles that are not chemical – boiling water bubbles• Physical change Water
vapor starts to form inside the liquid in the form of bubbles
Indicators of Chemical Change
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• Temperature change–Heat given off- Exothermic
• Feels hot• Feel someone after they workout
they’re hot–Heat absorbed- Endothermic
• Feels cool• Sweating while working out
Indicators of Chemical Change
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• Light produced–Striking a match flame
produced–Fireworks
Indicators of Chemical Change
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• Precipitate forms– 2 liquids
solid + liquid
Indicators of Chemical Change
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Law of Conservation of Matter
• In any physical or chemical change, matter is neither created nor destroyed.
• During any chemical reaction, the mass of the products is always equal to the mass of the reactants
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• All the mass can be accounted for!!– Burning of wood results in products
that appear to have less mass as ashes.
– Where is the rest??
Law of Conservation of Matter
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