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List of commonly misused English words
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This is a list of English words which are commonly misused It is meant to include onlywords whose misuse is deprecated by most usage writers editors and other professionallinguists of Standard English It is possible that some of the meanings marked non-
standard may pass into Standard English in the future but at this time all of thefollowing Non-standard phrases are likely to be marked as incorrect by English teachersor changed by editors if used in a work submitted for publication Some of the examplesare homonyms or pairs of similarly spelled words which are often confused
The words listed below are consistently used in ways that major English dictionaries donot condone in any definition See list of English words with disputed usage for wordsthat are used in ways that are deprecated by some usage writers but are condoned bysome dictionaries There may be regional variations in grammar spelling and word-useespecially between different English-speaking countries Such differences are not seen asincorrect once they have gained widespread acceptance in a particular country
Contents
[hide]
bull 1 Listo 11 A
o 12 B to D
o 13 E to H
o 14 I to J
o 15 K to L
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o 16 M
o 17 N to R
o 18 S to T
o 19 U to Z
bull 2 See also
bull 3 Notesbull 4 References
bull 5 External links
[edit] List
[edit] A
bull abdicate abrogate and arrogate To abdicate is to resign from the throne or more loosely to cast off a responsibility To abrogate is to repeal a law or abolishan arrangement To arrogate is to attempt to take on a right or responsibility towhich one is not entitled
o Standard Edward VIII abdicated from the throne of the United Kingdom
o Standard Henry VIII abrogated Welsh customary law
o Non-standard John abrogated all responsibility for the catering
arrangements (should be abdicated)o Non-standard You should not abrogate to yourself the whole honour of
the Presidents visit (should be arrogate)
bull accept and except While they sound similar (or even identical) except is a
preposition that means apart from while accept is a verb that means agreewith take in or receive Except is also occasionally used as a verb meaningto take out or to leave out
o Standard We accept all major credit cards except Diners Club
o Standard Men are fools present company excepted (Which means
present company excluded)o Non-standard I had trouble making friends with them I never felt
exceptedo Non-standard We all went swimming accept for Jack
bull acute and chronic Acute means sharp as an acute illness is one that rapidly
worsens and reaches a crisis A chronic illness may also be a severe one but it islong-lasting or lingeringo Standard She was treated with epinephrine during an acute asthma attack
o Standard It is not a terminal illness but it does cause chronic pain
o Non-standard I have suffered from acute asthma for twenty years
o Non-standard I just started feeling this chronic pain in my back
bull adage often used in conjunction with old Adage is necessarily old
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bull adverse and averse Adverse means unfavorable contrary or hostile Averse
means having a strong feeling of opposition antipathy or repugnanceo Standard They sailed despite adverse weather conditions
o Standard He was averse to taking his medicine
o Non-standard He is not adverse to having a drink now and then
bull affect and effect The verb affect means to influence something and the nouneffect means the result of Effect can also be a verb that means to cause[something] to be while affect as a noun has technical meanings in psychologymusic and aesthetic theory an emotion or subjectively experienced feeling Adevice to remember when trying to decide which is the right choice If somethingaffects you it usually has an effect on you
o Standard This poem affected me so much that I cried
o Standard Temperature has an effect on reaction spontaneity
o Standard The dynamite effected the walls collapse
o Standard He seemed completely devoid of affect
o Non-standard The rain effected our plans for the dayo Non-standard We tried appeasing the rain gods but to no affect
bull aggravate and mitigate Aggravate means to make worse Mitigate means tomake less bad Mitigating factor refers to something that affects someonescase by lessening the degree of blame not anything that has any effect at all
bull algorithm and logarithm An algorithm is a sequence of instructions often usedfor calculation and processing data A logarithm is a mathematical function thatindicates for a given base the power (ie exponent) to which the base must beraised to produce that number
o Standard The manager developed an algorithm by which he coulddetermine which candidate would best meet the needs of the company
o Standard The pH is equivalent to the negative logarithm of the
concentration of hydrogen ions in solution Thus a solution of pH 62 willhave an [H+] concentration of 10minus62 molL
bull allusion illusion and hallucination An allusion is an indirect or metaphoricalreference to something an illusion is a false picture of something that is there ahallucination is the seeing of something that is not there
bull alternative and alternate An alternative (noun) is secondary option to alternate
(verb) is to go back and forth between two stateso Standard Green would be a good alternative to red
o Standard She alternated between love and hate
o Non-standard Are there are alternate choices
bull anticipate to act in advance of an expected event and expect to regard as likely
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bull appraise and apprise To appraise is to assess or value something to apprise isto teach or inform
o Standard His performance was appraised very positively
o Standard I lost no time in apprising her of the situation
o Non-standard Has he been appraised of the fact
bull assume to suppose to be true especially without proof and presume to take for granted as being true in the absence of proof to the contrary Presume can alsomean take excessive liberties as in the adjective form presumptuous
o Standard They had assumed that they were alone so they were surprised
when they heard a third voice join their songo Standard Doctor Livingstone I presume
bull assure ensure and insure To assure is to intend to give the listener confidenceto ensure is to make certain of and to insure is to purchase insurance
o Standard I assure you that I will have your car washed by the time you
returno Standard When you mow the lawn ensure there are no foreign objects in
the grasso Standard I plan to purchase the collision policy when I insure my car
[edit] B to D
bull bifurcate Bifurcate means to segregate or divide into two parts Not as a stand-infor more than one
bull cache and cachet A cache (IPA kaeligʃ) is a storage place from which items may
be quickly retrieved A cachet (IPA kaeligˈʃ eɪ) is a seal or mark such as a waxseal on an envelope or a mark of authenticity on a product Note that cachet isusually used figuratively to mean marked by excellence distinction or superiority
o Standard The pirates buried a cache of jewels near the coast
o Standard Living in New York City definitely has a certain cachet
o Non-standard If your web browser is running slowly try emptying the
cachet
bull cant and cant Cant is a contraction of cannot Cant has a number of differentmeanings including a slope or slant or a kind of slang or jargon spoken by a
particular group of people Canting arms is a coat-of-arms that representsmeaning of the bearers surname
o Standard I cant understand the dialogue in this book because it is written
in canto Standard Heralds do not pun they cant[1]
o Non-standard I cant swim I have never taken lessons
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bull complementary and complimentary Things or people that go together well arecomplementary (ie they complete each other) whereas complimentary refers toa bonus gift or giving someone praise
o Standard Orange and blue are complementary colors
o Standard This sales item comes with a complimentary gift
o Standard Jane was very complimentary about your new home
Similarly a complement is an accessory while a compliment is a statement of admiration
bull concession A concession stand gets its name from the fact that the operator hastypically been granted a contract known as a concession to operate the stand Itis non-standard to refer to the items sold at concession stands as concessions
bull contiguous continual and continuous Contiguous means touching or adjoining in space continual means repeated in rapid succession continuous
means uninterrupted (in time or space)o Standard Alaska is not one of the forty-eight contiguous states
o Standard The field was surrounded by a continuous fence
o Standard The continuous murmur of the stream
o Standard His continual interruptions are very irritating
bull contingent and contingency As a noun a contingent is a representative group acontingency is a possible event
o Standard The explorers were prepared for every contingency
o Standard He was a member of the California contingent at the
convention
o Non-standard He was greeted by a contingency from the school board
bull crotch and crutch A crotch is an area where something branches or forks off in 2directions or the area on a persons body where the legs fork from the trunk (commonly interchanged with groin) A crutch is a device that assists motionespecially one that sits under the armpit or something that supports often usednegatively to indicate that it is not needed and causes an unhealthful dependency
bull diffuse and defuse To diffuse is to disperse randomly whereas to defuse is toremove the fuse from a bomb or in general to render a situation less dangerous Diffuse can also be used as an adjective meaning not concentrated
o Standard The situation was defused when Sandy explained that he wasgay and had no interest in Franks wife
o Standard The smell of gasoline slowly diffused into the still air of the
hallo Standard The spotlights were turned off leaving the stage lit by the
diffuse glow of the lanterns
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bull dilemma which really means for one to be faced with a bifurcation in choice andnot simply a problem as is commonly alleged
bull disassemble and dissemble To disassemble means to dismantle (eg to take amachine code program apart to see how it works) to dissemble means to tell
lies
bull disburse and disperse Disburse means to give out especially money Disperse
means to scatter
bull discreet and discrete Discrete means having separate parts as opposed tocontiguous Discreet means circumspect
bull disinterested and uninterested To be disinterested in something means to not be biased about something (ie to have no personal stake in a particular side of anissue) To be uninterested means to not be interested in or intrigued by something
o
Standard As their good friend I tried to mediate their argument in adisinterested manner so as not to anger eithero Standard Though his initial reaction suggested otherwise he maintains
that he remains uninterested in the business propositiono Non-standard The key to attracting a member of the opposite sex is to
balance between giving attention to him or her and appearingdisinterested
bull dissect and bisect Bisect means to cut into two dissect means to cut apart both literally and figuratively Disect is an archaic word meaning to separate bycutting but has not been in common use since the 17th century
o
Standard We dissected the eye of a bull in biology class todayo Standard She dissected Smiths dissertation pointing out scores of errors
o Standard The Americas are bisected by the Panama canal
o Non-standard We bisected the eye of a bull in biology class today
[edit] E to H
bull economic and economical Economic means having to do with the economy Economical means financially prudent frugal and also figuratively in the sensesparing use (of time language etc) [2]
o Standard Buying in bulk can often be the most economical choice
o Standard The actor should be economical in his use of movemento Standard He attended the School of Economic and Business Sciences
o Non-standard Leading economical indicators suggest that a recession
may be on the horizono Non-standard The actor should be economic in his use of movement
bull eg and ie The abbreviation eg stands for the Latin exempli gratiā for example and should be used when the example(s) given are just one or a few of
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many The abbreviation ie stands for the Latin id est that is and is used to givethe only example(s) or to otherwise qualify the statement just made
o Standard A Briton is a British citizen eg John Lennon
o Standard Tolkiens The Hobbit is named after its protagonist ie Bilbo
Baggins
o Non-standard A Briton is a British citizen ie Paul McCartney (at thelast count there were about 60 million BritonsmdashSir Paul is far from being
the only one)
bull emigration and immigration Emigration is the process of leaving a countryimmigration is the process of arriving in a countrymdashin both cases indefinitely
o Standard Ethnic communities such as Little Italy were created by people
emigrating from their home countries
bull eminent preeminent imminent and immanent Eminent originally meaningemerging means illustrious or highly-regarded Preeminent means most
highly-regarded Imminent means about to occur Immanent (less common thanthe other two and often theological) means indwelling pervadingo Standard The eminent doctor Jones testified on behalf of the defence
o Standard Rumours that war was imminent soon spread through the
populationo Standard Gods grace is immanent throughout the entire creation
bull exacerbate and exasperate Exacerbate means to make worse Exasperate
means to exhaust usually someones patienceo Standard Treatment by untrained personnel can exacerbate injuries
o Standard Do not let Jack talk to the state trooper he is tactless and will
just exasperate her
bull flesh and flush To flesh out is to add flesh to a skeleton or metaphorically to addsubstance to an incomplete rendering To flush out is to cause game fowl to taketo flight or to frighten any quarry from a place of concealment
o Standard The forensic pathologist will flesh out the skull with clay
o Standard The beaters flushed out the game with drums and torches
o Non-standard This outline is incomplete and must be flushed out
bull flounder and founder To flounder is to be clumsy confused indecisive or toflop around like a fish out of water A flounder is also a type of flatfish To
founder is to fill with water and sinko Standard The ship is damaged and may founder
o Standard She was floundering on the balance beam
o Non-standard The ship is damaged and may flounder
bull flout and flaunt One flouts a rule or law by flagrantly ignoring it One flaunts
something by showing it offo Standard If you have it flaunt it
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o Standard He continually flouted the speed limit
o Non-standard If you have it flout it
o Non-standard He continually flaunted the speed limit
bull hay and straw Hay is a grassy plant used as animal fodder Straw is the dry stalk
of a cereal plant (eg barley oats rice rye) after the grain or seed has beenremoved it is used to line an animals stall or for insulation
bull hang To hang something or someone in the present tense one uses the sameform In the past however pictures are hung and criminals are hanged
bull hangar and hanger The aeroplane is in the hangar the coat is on the hanger
bull historic and historical In strict usage historic describes an event of importance mdashone that shaped history or is likely to do so Historical merely describessomething that happened in the past
o Standard The president made a(n) historic announcement (Theannouncement was of historical importance)
o Non-standard The office kept an archive of historic records (The records
are not necessarily of historical importancemdashthey are simply records fromthe past)
bull hoard and horde A hoard is a store or accumulation of things A horde is a largegroup of people
o Standard A horde of shoppers lined up to be the first to buy the new
gizmoo Standard He has a hoard of discontinued rare cards
o Non-standard Do not horde the candy share ito Non-standard The hoard charged when the horns sounded
[edit] I to J
bull imply and infer Something is implied if it is a suggestion intended by the personspeaking whereas a conclusion is inferred if it is reached by the person listening
o Standard When Tony told me he had no money he was implying that I
should give him someo Standard When Tony told me he had no money I inferred that I should
give him some
o Non-standard When Tony told me he had no money he was inferring thatI should give him some
bull inherent and inherit A part inherent in X is logically inseparable from X Toinherit is a verb meaning pass down a generation
o Standard Risk is inherent in the stock market
o Standard The next president inherits a legacy of mistrust and fear
o Non-standard There is violence inherit in the system
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bull its and its Its is a contraction that replaces it is or it has (see apostrophe) Its isthe possessive determiner corresponding to it meaning belonging to it
o Standard Its time to eat (it is time)
o Standard Its been nice getting to meet you (it has been)
o Standard My cell phone has poor reception because its antenna is broken
o Non-standard Its good to be the kingo Non-standard The bicycle tire had lost all of its pressure
bull irony Something is ironic if it is the opposite of what is appropriate expected or fitting
o Standard It is ironic that the center for the handicapped has no wheelchair
rampo Standard It is ironic that Alanis Morissette wrote a song called Ironic
with many examples not one of which is actually ironico Non-standard It is ironic that George W Bush is right-handed and
Republican while Bill Clinton is left-handed and Democratic
o Non-standard It is raining on our wedding day Is it not ironic
bull isle and aisle An isle is an island An aisle is corridor through which one may pass from one place to another
o Standard He came from a small isle in the Caribbean
o Standard The coffee is down the third aisle on the left
[edit] K to L
bull lay (lay laid laid laying ) and lie (lie lay lain lying ) are often usedsynonymously Lay is a transitive verb meaning that it takes an object To lay
something means to place something Lie on the other hand is intransitive andmeans to recline (and also to tell untruths but in this case the verb is regular andcauses no confusion) The distinction between these related verbs is further blurred by the fact that past tense of lie is lay An easy rule of thumb is to replacethe words with sit and set If sit makes sense (eg sit down) then lie should beused (lie down) If the sentence works with set (eg set the book on the table) thenlay should be used (lay the book on the table) To lie can also mean to not tell thetruth - but in that case the past tense is lied A layoff is never a lieoff or lyoff
o Standard I lay my husbands work clothes out for him every morning
Yesterday I decided to see if he paid attention to what I was doing so Ilaid out one white sock and one black He did not notice
o Standard You should not lie down right after eating a large mealYesterday I lay on my bed for half an hour after dinner and sufferedindigestion as a result My wife saw me lying there and made me get upshe told me that if I had waited for a couple of hours I could have laindown in perfect comfort
o Standard You lied to me there is no hidden chamber
o Non-standard Is this bed comfortable when you lay on it (Should be lie)
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o Non-standard Yesterday I lied down in my office during the lunch hour
(Should be lay)o Non-standard There was no reason for him to have laid down in the
middle of the path it unnerved me to see him laying there saying nothing(Should be have lain down and him lying there)
o Non-standard Lie the baby down and change his diaper (Should be layas lie is intransitive)
o Non-standard It could be easy for those guys to lay down After I left
they could have just laid down[3] o Non-standard I am going to lay out in the sun and work on my tan
(Should be lie In general the term lay out when referring to sunbathing isalways non-standard usage)
o Non-standard Sorry I lay about our appointment yesterday (Should be
lied )o Non-standard You should not lay down right after eating a large meal
Yesterday I lied on my bed for half an hour after dinner and suffered
indigestion as a result My wife saw me laying there and made me get upshe told me that if I had waited for a couple of hours I could have lied
down in perfect comfort (Should be lie lay lying and lain)
bull levee and levy A levee is a structure built along a river to raise the height of its banks thereby preventing nearby land from flooding (see dike) To levy is toimpose (1) a tax fine or other assessment or (2) a military draft as a noun a levy
is an assessment or army thus gathered The two words share a common root butthey are not considered interchangeable in Standard English Because they arehomophones misuse is usually only apparent when observed in writing
o Standard The Netherlands is well known for its elaborate system of
leveeso Standard This statute allows the state to levy a 3 tax
o Non-standard Recent storms have weakened the levy
bull literally[4] A term used to emphasize that a statement is not metaphoricalfigurative or hyperbolic It is also commonly misused as an intensifier for metaphorical figurative or hyperbolic statements
o Standard The mayor is literally a convicted felon
o Non-standard The mayor is literally robbing us blind with this new tax
bull loathe and loath or loth Loathe is a verb meaning to strongly dislike and loath
or loth means unwilling or reluctanto Standard I loathe arrogant people
o Standard I was loath to concede defeat
o Standard I was loth to submit to a body-cavity search until I saw who
would be administering it
bull lose and loose Lose can mean fail to win misplace or cease to be in possession Loose can mean the opposite of tight or the opposite of tighten Lose
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is often misspelled loose likely because lose has an irregular rhyme for the way itis spelled it is more common for words ending -ose to rhyme -əʊz like nose or rose but lose rhymes -u zː like news or confuse This may cause poor spellers toguess the correct spelling should match another -u z rhyming word likeː choosealthough choose is itself also an exception to the regular rhyme for words ending
-oose (typically such words including loose rhyme -u sː
like goose or caboose)o Standard We cannot afford to lose customers to our competitors
o Standard A screw is loose and I need a screwdriver to tighten it
o Non-standard If the team cannot score any points they will loose the
game
[edit] M
bull macerate marinate and marinade (From post-classical Latin marina brineshort for classical Latin aqua marina sea water)[5] In Standard English marinade
is a noun and not a verb marinate is the verb Macerate means to soften by
steeping in a liquid and in culinary terminology is used for non-protein itemsspecifically fruit [5] The word macerate is also used in science to soften bonerock etc in a liquid[5]
o Standard The meat will taste better if you marinate it in olive oil before
cookingo Standard Prepare the marinade by mixing vinegar and soy sauce
o Non-standard Marinade the meat in wine for half an hour
o Standard Macerate the fruit in wine for half an hour
o Non-standard Marinate the fruit in wine for half an hour
bull me myself and I In a traditional prescriptive grammar I is used only as a
subject me is used only as an object and myself is used only as a reflexive objectthat is to say when the subject is I and the object would otherwise be meMyself is often used incorrectly often in a form of hypercorrection Like the other reflexive pronouns myself should be used only when both the subject and objectof the verb are the speaker or as an emphatic pronoun (intensifier )
o Standard Jim and I took the train
o Standard He lent the books to Jim and me
o Standard That is I in the picture (This is very formal and seldom found
in speech)o Acceptable That is me in the picture (This is typical in informal English)
o Standard (intensifying) I myself have seen instances of that type
o Standard (reflexive) I hurt myself I did it to myself I played by myself Iwant to enjoy myself
o Non-standard Jim and me went into town
o Non-standard Me and Jim went into town
o Non-standard As for myself I prefer the red
o Non-standard He is an American like myself
o Non-standard He gave the paper to Jim and myself
o Non-standard My wife and myself do not like the development
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o Non-standard I wake upWith my eyes shut tightHoping tomorrow will
never comeFor you and I (Should be For you and me) (From You AndI Part II by Fleetwood Mac)
bull mitigate and militate To mitigate is to make something milder To militate is to
fight or exert pressure for something to happen or not to happeno Standard The seriousness of your crime was mitigated by the provocation
you were undero Standard Over-protective practices in this factory militate against
increased efficiencyo Non-standard Over-protective practices in this factory mitigate against
increased efficiency
[edit] N to R
bull novice and novitiate A novice is a prospective or trainee member of a religious
order The novitiate is the state of being a novice or the time for which one is anovice However a novice monk or nun is often incorrectly described as anovitiate (perhaps confused with initiate)
bull of and have In some dialects of spoken English of and the contracted form of have ve sound alike However in standard written English they are notinterchangeable
o Standard Susan would have stopped to eat but she was running late
o Standard You could have warned me
o Non-standard I should of known that the store would be closed (Should
be I shouldve known)
bull overestimate and underestimate There is frequent confusion between thingsthat cannot and should not be overunderestimated though the meanings areopposite
o Standard The damage caused by pollution cannot be overestimated (ie it
is so enormous that no estimate however high is excessive)o Standard The damage caused by pollution should not be underestimated
(ie it is wrong to regard it as minor)o Non-standard The damage caused by pollution cannot be underestimated
(literal meaning it is so minimal that no estimate is too small Intendedmeaning one of the previous two)
bull past and passed Past refers to events that have previously occurred while passed is the past tense of to pass whether in a congressional action or a physical occurrence
o Standard Congress passed the bill limiting the powers of the President
o Standard History is mainly concerned with the events of the past
o Non-standard He past my house on his way to the store
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bull peremptory and preemptive A peremptory act or statement is absolute it cannot be denied A preemptive action is one taken before an adversary can act
o Standard He issued a peremptory order
o Standard Preemptive air strikes stopped the enemy from launching the
new warship
bull perpetrate and perpetuate To perpetrate something is to commit it while to perpetuate is something is to cause it to continue or to keep happening
o Standard The gang perpetrated outrages against several citizens
o Standard The stories only serve to perpetuate the legend that the house is
haunted
bull perquisite and prerequisite Perquisite usually means an extra allowance or privilege Prerequisite means something required as a condition
o Standard He had all the perquisites of a movie star including a stand-in
o Standard Passing the examination was one of the prerequisites for a
teaching position
bull perspective and prospective Perspective is a view with correct visual anglesexample parallel railway tracks converging in the distance Prospective is afuture possibility or expectation
bull perspicuity and perspicacity If something is perspicuous it is easily understoodits meaning is obvious If one is perspicacious then one is quick to understand or has good insight
o Standard I admired her perspicacity she just seemed to get it so much
better than I
o Standard He expressed the idea so perspicuously that anyone couldunderstand
o Non-standard She spoke in a perspicacious way
bull peruse means to read or examine very carefully but is sometimes usederroneously when the exact opposite is meant to read superficially to glanceover quickly to skim
bull photogenic and photographic The former is to be used to mean someoneslikeness is particularly amenable to being well photographed The latter isanything pertaining to photography whether it is technical eg photographic
chemical or equipment or generic eg photographic journals
bull prescribe and proscribe To prescribe something is to command or recommendit To proscribe somebody or something is to outlaw him her or it
bull progeny and prodigy Progeny are offspring or things that follow something elseA prodigy is a genius or a marvelous example of something
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bull Quartary and quaternary Quartary (from Latin quartarius) is the fourthmember of an ordinal number word series beginning with (primary secondarytertiary) and continuing with (quintary sextary )[6] Quaternary (from Latinquaternarius) is the fourth member of a distributive number word series beginning with (singular binary ternary) and continuing with (quinary senary
septenary octonary centenary)[7][8]
In biology the non-standard usage Quaternary structure is so firmly entrenchedthat to refer to Quartary structure would be incorrect
bull redundant does not mean useless or unable to perform its function It meansthat there is an excess of something that something is surplus to requirementsand no longer needed or that it is obsolete
o Standard A new pill that will instantly cure any illness has made
antibiotics redundant (Antibiotics could still be used to cure illnesses butthey are no longer needed because a better pill has been invented)
o
Standard The week before Christmas the company made seventy-fiveworkers redundanto Non-standard Over-use of antibiotics risks making them redundant (This
should read over-use of antibiotics risks making them ineffective)
bull regimen and regiment A regimen is a system of order and may often refer to thesystematic dosing of medication A regiment is a military unit
o Standard The sick soldier was removed from his regiment
o Standard The sick soldier was ordered to complete a regimen of
amoxicillin
bull
reign and rein A reign refers to the rule of a monarch Reins are the straps usedto control the movements of an animal (typically a horse) Thus to take thereins means to assume control and to have free rein means to be free of constraints[9]
o Non-standard the Suns gave Sports Illustrateds Jack McCallum free
reign of practices[10] o Non-standard Bobby Jindal a whiz kid takes the reigns of Louisianas
Department of Health and Hospital[11]
[edit] S to T
bull sensual and sensuous Both words mean to do with the senses Sensual is moreoften applied to a pleasure or experience or to a persons character sensuous tosomeone or something of enticing appearance
o Standard Don Juan is the most sensual character in fiction
o Standard Ascetics believe in avoiding all sensual pleasures
o Standard Marilyn Monroe looks extremely sensuous in this film clip
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bull set and sit When used as a verb to set means to place or to adjust to a valuewhereas to sit means to be seated
o Standard Set the pot upon the stove
o Standard Set the temperature-control to 100 degC
o Non-standard Set down over there
o Non-standard Sit the pot on the stoveo Standard Sit on the chair
bull shrink and shirk To shirk means to consistently avoid to neglect to be tooafraid to engage To shrink means to contract to become physically smaller insize also to shrink away means to suddenly jerk away from something inhorror However to shrink from may also mean to hesitate or show reluctancetoward
o Standard I will not shirk discussion
o Standard I will not shrink from discussion
o Standard She shrank away from me
o Non-standard I will not shrink discussiono Non-standard I will not shirk from discussion
bull sight site and cite A sight is something seen a site is a place To cite is to quoteor list as a source
o Standard You are a sight for sore eyes
o Standard I found a list of the sights of Rome on a tourist site
o Standard Please cite the sources you used in your essay
o Standard You must travel to the site of the dig to see the dinosaur bones
o Standard It is necessary to have line-of-sight if you want to use
semaphore
o Non-standard One must be careful on a construction sighto Non-standard I will site the book in which I saw the statistics
o Non-standard I could not fire because I did not have line-of-site to the
target
bull temblor and trembler A temblor is an earthquake A trembler is something thattrembles
bull than and then Than is a grammatical particle and preposition associated withcomparatives whereas then is an adverb and a noun In certain dialects the twowords are usually homophones because they are function words with reduced
vowels and this may cause speakers to confuse themo Standard I like pizza more than lasagne
o Standard We ate dinner then went to the movies
o Non-standard You are a better person then I am
bull there their theyre and therere There refers to the location of somethingTheir means belonging to them Theyre is a contraction of They are Therere
is a contraction of there are[citation needed ]
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o Standard Therere five of them and theyre all coming to the restaurant for
their dinner we will meet them there
bull theres wheres etc A common spoken mistake is using a singular contractionwhen it should be plural in words like theres and wheres This stems from the
fact that therere and wherere are more difficult to enunciate and are oftenavoided for that reason in colloquial speecho Non-standard Wheres the cars (Should be Wherere)
o Non-standard Theres many types of cars (Should be Therere)
bull to too Too means in excess or also To is a preposition or is a part of a verbin the infinitive At the end of a sentence to may also refer to a dropped verb inthe infinitive
bull trimester A trimester is a period of three months[12][13] Because it is mostcommonly used in conjunction with a nine-month academic year [14] or a nine-
month term of human pregnancy[15]
it is sometimes wrongly assumed thattrimester is simply a synonym for one third[16][17] o Standard One calendar year contains four trimesters
o Non-standard Without further delay then comes ESPNcoms annual
(and overdue) First Trimester Report ushering folks back to the office bytaking stock of the seasons opening third[18]
[edit] U to Z
bull venal and venial These words are sometimes confused venal means corruptable to be bribed or for sale venial means pardonable not serious[2][19]
o Standard According to Catholic doctrine eating meat on a Friday is avenial sin but murder is a mortal sin
o Standard All ages have examples of venal politicians
bull warranty and warrantee A warranty is a legal assurance that some object can perform some specified task or meets certain quality standards A warrantee is the person who benefits from a warranty The verb form is warrant Confusion herecan stem from guarantee and the less common guaranty which have similar meanings
o Standard Most new cars come with at least a three-year warranty
o Standard I guarantee that you will make a return on your investment
o Non-standard Your mobile phone has stopped working Maybe you needto claim under the warrantee
bull whose and whos Whose is an interrogative word (Whose is this) or a relative pronoun (The people whose house you admired) whos is a contraction for whois or who has
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bull wont and wont Wont is a contraction for will not while wont is a wordmeaning accustomed or inclined to (as an adjective) or habit or custom (as anoun)
o Standard He wont let me drive his car
o Standard He spent the morning reading as he was wont to do
o Standard He took a walk in the evening as was his wonto Non-standard I wont need to go to the supermarket after all
bull youre and your While they sound the same in many dialects in standard writtenEnglish they have separate meanings Youre is a contraction for you are and your is a possessive pronoun meaning belonging to you When in doubt just seewhether the word in question can logically be expanded to you are
o Standard When driving always wear your seatbelt
o Standard If youre going out please be home by ten oclock
o Non-standard Youre mother called this morning
o Non-standard Your the first person to notice my new haircut today
bull aggravate ndash Some prescriptivists have argued that this word should not be used inthe sense of to annoy or to oppress but only to mean to make worseHowever this proscription against to annoy is not rooted in history Accordingto AHDI the annoy usage occurs in English as far back as the 17th centuryfurthermore in Latin from which the word was borrowed both meanings wereused[1] Sixty-eight percent of AHD4s Usage Panel approves of its use in Its theendless wait for luggage that aggravates me the most about air travel [2] M-Wmentions that while aggravate in the sense of to rouse to displeasure or anger byusually persistent and often petty goading has been around since the 17thcentury disapproval of that usage only appeared around 1870[3] RH states in its
usage note under aggravate that The two most common senses of aggravate areto make worse and to annoy or exasperate Both senses first appeared in theearly 17th century at almost the same time the corresponding two senses of thenoun aggravation also appeared then Both senses of aggravate and aggravation
have been standard since then[4] Chambers cites this usage as colloquial andthat it is well established especially in spoken English although it is sometimesregarded as incorrect[5]
o Disputed usage Its the endless wait for luggage that aggravates me the
most about air travelo Undisputed usage Being hit on the head by a falling brick aggravated my
already painful headache
bull aint ndash originally a contraction of am not this word is widely used as areplacement for arent isnt havent and hasnt as well While aint hasexisted in the English language for a very long time and it is a common normalword in many dialects in both North America and the British Isles it is not a partof standard English and its use in formal writing is not recommended by mostusage commentators Its unselfconscious use in speech may tend to mark thespeaker as uneducated Nevertheless aint is used by educated speakers and
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writers for deliberate effect what Oxford American Dictionary describes astongue-in-cheek or reverse snobbery and what Merriam-Webster Collegiate
calls emphatic effect or a consistently informal style[6]
bull alibi ndash Some prescriptivists argue this cannot be used in the non-legal sense of
an explanation or excuse to avoid blame or justify action AHD4 notes that thisusage was acceptable to almost half[7] of the Usage Panel while most opposedthe words use as a verb M-W mentions no usage problems listing the disputedmeaning second to its legal sense without comment OED cites the non-legal nounand verb usages as colloquial and orig[inally] US[8] Chambers deems this usecolloquial[9]
bull alright ndash An alternate to all right that some consider illiterate but others allowRH says that it probably arose in analogy with other similar words such asaltogether and already it does concede the use in writing as informal and thatall right is used in more formal edited writing[10] AHD4 flags alright as
nonstandard
[11]
and comments that this unacceptance (compared to altogether etc) is peculiar and may be due to its relative recentness (altogether andalready date back to the Middle Ages alright only a little over a century)[12]
Chambers refers to varying levels of formality of all right deeming alright to bemore casual it recommends the use of all right in writing for readers who are precise about the use of language[13]
bull also ndash Some prescriptivists contend this word should not be used to begin asentence AHD4 says 63 percent of the Usage Panel found acceptable theexample The warranty covers all power-train components Also participating dealers back their work with a free lifetime service guarantee[14] See also and amp
but below
bull alternate ndash In British English this adjective means according to OED and other sources switching between two options or similar It does not mean the same asalternative (see next) which OED specifically marks as an American meaning of alternate In international English it is thus thought better to observe the Britishdistinction then the meanings of alternative and alternate will be clear toeveryone (See meanings given at M-W the same applies to the adverbsalternately and alternatively)
bull alternative ndash Some prescriptivists argue that alternative should be used onlywhen the number of choices involved is exactly two While AHD4 allows thewords longstanding use to mean one of a number of things from which only onecan be chosen and the acceptance of this usage by many language critics it goeson to state that only 49 of its Usage panel approves of its use as in Of the threealternatives the first is the least distasteful[15] Neither M-W[16] nor RH[17]
mentions any such restriction to a choice of two Chambers qualifies its definitionas referring to strictly speaking two but often used of more than two possibilities[18]
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bull ampm ndash These are Latin abbreviations for the adverbial phrases antemeridiem (before noon) and post meridiem (after noon) Some prescriptivistsargue that they thus should not be used in English as nouns meaning morningand afternoon however such use is consistent with ordinary nominalizationfeatures of English AHD4 lists adjectival usage with an AM appointment [19]
and a PM appointment[20]
RH gives Shall we meet Saturday am[19]
withoutcomment it gives no corresponding example at pm so that usage can only beextrapolated Also the National Institute of Standards and Technology (nd)contends it is incorrect to use 12 am or 12 pm to mean either noon or midnight
bull amongamongst and between ndash The traditionalist view is that between shouldonly be used when there are only two objects for comparison and among or amongst should be used for more than two objects Most style guides anddictionaries do not support this advice saying that between can be used to refer tosomething that is in the time space or interval that separates more than two itemsM-W says that the idea that between can be used only of two items is persistent
but unfounded
[21]
and AHD4 calls it a widely repeated but unjustified tradition[22] The OED says In all senses between has been from its earliest appearanceextended to more than two[23] Chambers says It is acceptable to use between
with reference to more than two people or things although does state that among
may be more appropriate in some circumstances[24] o Undisputed usage I parked my car between the two telegraph poles
o Undisputed usage Youll find my brain between my ears
o Disputed usage The duck swam between the reeds
o Disputed usage They searched the area between the river the farmhouse
and the woodso Undisputed usage We shared the money evenly amongst the three of us
o
Disputed usage We shared the money between Tom Dick and meo Undisputed usage My house was built among the gum trees
bull amount ndash Some prescriptivists argue amount should not be substituted for number They recommend the use of number if the thing referred to is countableand amount only if it is uncountable While RH acknowledges the traditionaldistinction between amount and number it mentions that [a]lthough objected tothe use of amount instead of number with countable nouns occurs in both speechand writing especially when the noun can be considered as a unit or group (theamount of people present the amount of weapons) or when it refers to money(the amount of dollars paid the amount of pennies in the till)[25] (see also less)
o
Disputed usage I was amazed by the amount of people who visited mywebsite (With knowledge of the exact number)o Undisputed usage The number of people in the lift must not exceed 10
o Undisputed usage I was unimpressed by the amount of water consumed
by the elephant
bull and ndash Some prescriptivists argue that sentences should not begin with the wordand on the argument that as a conjunction it should only join clauses within a
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sentence AHD4 states that this stricture has been ridiculed by grammarians for decades and ignored by writers from Shakespeare to Joyce Carol Oates[26] RHstates Both and and but and to a lesser extent or and so are common astransitional words at the beginnings of sentences in all types of speech andwriting it goes on to suggest that opposition to this usage probably stems from
the overuse of such sentences by inexperienced writers[27]
ENCARTA opinesthat said opposition comes from too literal an understanding of the joiningfunction of conjunctions and states that any overuse is a matter of poor style notgrammatical correctness[28] COED calls the usage quite acceptable[29] Manyverses of the King James Bible begin with and as does William Blakes poem And did those feet in ancient time (aka Jerusalem) Fowlers Modern EnglishUsage defends this use of and Chambers states that Although it is sometimesregarded as poor style it is not ungrammatical to begin a sentence with and [30]
See also also above and but below
bull anxious ndash Some prescriptivists argue that this word should only be used in the
sense of worried or worrisome (compare anxiety) but it has been used inthe sense of eager for over 250 years 52 of AHD4s Usage Panel accepts itsuse in the sentence We are anxious to see the new show of contemporarysculpture at the museum Also it suggests that the use of anxious to mean eager
may be mild hyperbole as the use of dying in the sentence Im dying to see your new baby[31] RH states bluntly that its use in the sense of eageris fullystandard[32] M-W defines anxious as 3 ardently or earnestly wishing ltanxiousto learn moregt synonym see EAGER[33] Chambers gives 3 very eager bullanxious to do well[34]
[edit] B
bull barbaric and barbarous mdash Barbaric applies to the culture of barbarians and may be positive (barbaric splendor) barbarous applies to the behavior of barbariansand is negative (barbarous cruelty) This is standard English usage HoweverM-W equates the third meaning of barbaric with the third of barbarous thatis mercilessly harsh or cruel[35] COD11 and Chambers list savagely cruel andcruel and brutal excessively harsh or vicious[36] respectively as the first
meanings for barbaric Only AHD4 disallows this usage and without comment[37]
o Undisputed The environment of the venue was barbaric
o Undisputed Terrorism is barbarous
o Disputed Capital punishment is a disgusting barbaric measure
bull begging the question In logic begging the question is another term for petitio
principii or arguing in a circle in other words making assumptions in advanceabout the very issue in dispute Now often used to mean simply leading to thequestion
o Undisputed You argue that Christianity must be true because the Bible
says so Isnt that begging the question
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o Disputed You want to go to the theatre That begs the question which day
we should go
bull but ndash Some prescriptivists argue that if and should not be used to begin sentencesthen neither should but These words are both conjunctions thus they believe that
they should be used only to link clauses within a sentence AHD4 states that itmay be used to begin a sentence at all levels of style [38]
[edit] C
bull can and may ndash Some prescriptivists argue that can refers to possibility and may
refers to permission and insist on maintaining this distinction although usage of can to refer to permission is pervasive in spoken and very frequent in writtenEnglish M-W notes Can and may are most frequently interchangeable in sensesdenoting possibility because the possibility of ones doing something may (or can) depend on anothers acquiescence they have also become interchangeable in
the sense denoting permission The use of can to ask or grant permission has beencommon since the 19th century and is well established although somecommentators feel may is more appropriate in formal contexts May is relativelyrare in negative constructions (maynt is not common) cannot and cant are usualin such contexts[39] AHD4 echoes this sentiment of formality noting that only21 of the Usage Panel accepted can in the example Can I take another week tosubmit the application[40] For its part OED labels the use of can for may ascolloquial[41]
bull comprise ndash Comprise means to consist of A second meaning to compose or constitute is sometimes attacked by usage writers However it is supported as
sense 3 along with a usage note in M-W[42] and although AHD4 notes the usageas a usage problem its usage note says Our surveys show that opposition tothis usage is abating In the 1960s 53 percent of the Usage Panel found this usageunacceptable in 1996 only 35 percent objected[43]
o Undisputed usage The English Wikipedia comprises more than two
million articleso Disputed usage The English Wikipedia comprises of more than two
million articleso Disputed usage The English Wikipedia is comprised of more than two
million articleso Disputed usage More than two million articles comprise the English
Wikipediao Disputed usage Diatoms comprise more than 70 of all phytoplankton
o Undisputed usage Diatoms constitute more than 70 of all
phytoplanktono Disputed usage Those in the industry have mostly scoffed at the young
inexperienced Carter and the rest of the high school pals that comprise thecompany[44]
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Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] D
bull deprecate ndash The original meaning in English is deplore or express disapproval
of (the Latin from which the word derives means pray to avert evil suggestingthat some event would be a calamity) The word is now also used to mean playdown belittle or devalue a shift that some prescriptivists disapprove of as itsuggests the word is being confused with the similar word depreciate in factAHD4 states that in this sense deprecate has almost completely supplanteddepreciate however a majority of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved thissense[45] Its use with the approximate meaning to declare obsolete in computer jargon is also sometimes condemned
bull diagnose ndash Cochrane (2004) states that to diagnose [someone] with a disease isan incorrect usage of the verb diagnose which takes the physician as subject and
a disease as object (eg to diagnose cancer) In American English according toAHD4[46] and M-W[47] the sense of diagnose [someone] with a disease is listedwithout comment or tag however for its part RH does not list such a usage withor without comment For British English COD11 offers identify the medicalcondition of (someone) she was diagnosed as having epilepsy (2004) this usagehowever did not appear in editions as recently as the 1990s Chambers does notoffer this sense at all[48]
o Disputed usage Mr Smith was diagnosed with diabetes
o Undisputed usage The doctor diagnosed diabetes
bull different ndash Standard usage in both Britain and America is different from (on the
analogy of to differ from) In Britain this competes with different to (coinedon the analogy of similar to) In America it competes with different than(coined on the analogy of other than) Different to is also found in IrishAustralian and New Zealand English
o Undisputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different
from the Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different to the
Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different than
the British
bull disinterested ndash Standard usage is as a word for unbiased but some have alsorendered it synonymous with uninterested or apathetic
o Undisputed usage As their mutual best friend I tried to remain
disinterested in their argument so as not to anger eithero Disputed usage The key to attracting a member of the opposite sex is to
balance between giving attention to him or her and appearingdisinterested
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bull due to ndash The adjectival use of due to is undisputed Its adverbial use howeverhas been a subject of dispute for many years as witnessed by several (especiallyUS) dictionary usage notes that in the end designate it as standard WilliamStrunk in his Elements of style labelled the disputed adverbial use of due to asincorrect [49] Although the first (1926) edition of FOWLER condemned the
adverbial use as common only among the illiterate the third (1996) editionsaid Opinion remains sharply divided but it begins to look as if this use of due
to will form part of the natural language of the 21C as one more example of aforgotten battle Due to is frequently used in place of from for with of because
of and other prepositions Undisputed synonyms for due to are caused by andattributable to
o Disputed usage He died due to cancer (He died of cancer)
o Disputed usage Due to the end of the Second War circumstances altered
profoundly (With the end of the Second War circumstances altered profoundly)
o Disputed usage The project failed due to lack of funds (The project
failed for lack of funds) o Undisputed usage His death was due to cancer
o Undisputed usage Many thought the problem was due to mismanagement
[edit] E
bull enormity ndash Frequently used as a synonym for enormousness or immensity but traditionally means extreme wickedness According to AHD4 thisdistinction has not always occurred historically but is now supported by 59 of the dictionarys Usage Panel[50] COD11 states that enormity as a synonym for hugeness is now broadly accepted as standard English Although Chambers lists
immenseness or vastness as a meaning it says it should not be used in thatsense commenting that it is encountered often because the word enormousness isawkward it recommends using instead another word such as hugeness greatness etc[51]
o Disputed usage The enormity of the elephant astounded me
o Traditional usage The enormity of Stalins purges astounds me
[edit] F
bull farther and further ndash Many prescriptivists adhere to the rule that farther only
should refer to matters of physical distance or position while further should bereserved for usages involving time or degree (as well as undisputed descriptionsof moreover and in addition)
o Disputed usage San Jose is further from LA than Santa Barbara
o Disputed usage LA was a couple hours farther from home than I
expectedo Disputed usage If her fever increases any farther I will call the doctor
o Undisputed usage I would like to discuss the issue further at a later time
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bull fortuitously ndash Used by some interchangeably with fortunately strictly speaking fortuitousness is a reference to an occurrence depending on chance M-W notesthat use of the word in sense of fortunate has been in standard use for at least 70years and notes that the sense of coming or happening by a lucky chance isvirtually unnoticed by usage critics[52][clarification needed ]
[edit] G
bull gender ndash Gender is often used interchangeably with sex in the sense of the biological or social quality male and female It is never used to refer to sexualintercourse
o Gender traditionally refers to grammatical gender a feature in the
grammar of a number of different languages Some prescriptivists arguethat its use as a euphemism for sex is to be avoided as a genteelismFowler (p 211) says it is used either as a jocularityor a blunder
o Sex and gender can be used in different but related senses with sex
referring to biological characteristics and gender to social roles andexpectations based on sex Use of gender as interchangeable with or as areplacement for sex may confuse readers who draw this distinction See
gender identity gender role
[edit] H
bull hoi polloi ndash The question surrounding hoi polloi is whether it is appropriate to usethe article the preceding the phrase it arises because hoi is the Greek word for the in the phrase and classical purists complain that adding the makes the phrase
redundant the the common people Foreign phrases borrowed into English areoften reanalyzed as single grammatical units requiring an English article inappropriate contexts AHD4 says The Arabic element al- means the andappears in English nouns such as alcohol and alchemy Thus since no one wouldconsider a phrase such as the alcohol to be redundant criticizing the hoi polloi onsimilar grounds seems pedantic[53]
bull hopefully ndash Some prescriptivists argue this word should not be used as anexpression of confidence in an outcome however M-W classes hopefully withother words such as interestingly frankly and unfortunately (which areunremarkably used in a similar way) as disjuncts and describes this usage as
entirely standard
[54]
AHD4 however notes that opposition to this usage by their usage panels has grown from 56 to 73 despite support for similar disjuncts(such as 60 support for the use of mercifully in Mercifully the game ended before the opponents could add another touchdown to the lopsided score) AHD4opines that this opposition is not to the use of these adverbs in general but thatthis use of hopefully has become a shibboleth[55] OED lists this usage withoutany colloquial or other label other than to say Avoided by many writers[56]
See also the discussion of hopefully as a dangling modifier One investigation in
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modern corpora on Language Log revealed that outside fiction where it stillrepresents 40 of all uses (the other qualifying primarily speech and gazes)disjunct uses account for the vast majority (over 90) of all uses of the word[57]
o Disputed usage Hopefully Ill get that scholarship
o Undisputed usage The prisoner thought hopefully about the prospect for
escape when he realized the guards accidentally left his cell unlocked
Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] L
bull less ndash Some prescriptivists argue that less should not be substituted for fewer Merriam-Webster notes The traditional view is that less applies to matters of degree value or amount and modifies collective nouns mass nouns or nounsdenoting an abstract whole while fewer applies to matters of number and modifies plural nouns Less has been used to modify plural nouns since the days of King
Alfred and the usage though roundly decried appears to be increasing Less ismore likely than fewer to modify plural nouns when distances sums of moneyand a few fixed phrases are involved ltless than 100 milesgt ltan investment of less
than $2000gt ltin 25 words or lessgt and as likely as fewer to modify periods of time ltin less (or fewer ) than four hoursgt[58]
o Disputed usage This lane 12 items or less
o Undisputed usage We had fewer players on the team this season
o Undisputed usage There is less water in the tank now
bull like and as ndash Some prescriptivists object to the use of like as a conjunction statingit is rather a preposition and that only as would be appropriate in this
circumstance M-W however cites likes use as a conjunction as standard sincethe 14th century and opines that opposition to it is perhaps more heated thanrational (see M-Ws entry like [7 conjunction]) AHD4 says Writers sinceChaucers time have used like as a conjunction but 19th-century and 20th-centurycritics have been so vehement in their condemnations of this usage that a writer who uses the construction in formal style risks being accused of illiteracy or worse and recommends using as in formal speech and writing[59] OED does nottag it as colloquial or nonstandard but notes Used as conj[unction] = like asas Now generally condemned as vulgar or slovenly though examples may befound in many recent writers of standing[60] Chambers lists the conjunctive useas colloquial[61]
o Undisputed usage He is an American as am Io Undisputed usage He is an American like me
o Undisputed usage It looks as if this play will be a flop
o Undisputed usage This play looks like a flop
o Disputed usage He is an American like I am
o Disputed usage It looks like this play will be a flop
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bull literally ndash Some prescriptivists argue literally should not be used as a mereemphatic unless the thing to which it refers is actually true It is used todisambiguate a possible metaphorical interpretation of a phrase M-W does notcondemn the second use which means in effect or virtually but says the useis pure hyperbole intended to gain emphasis but it often appears in contexts
where no additional emphasis is necessary[62]
o Disputed usage The party literally went with a bang (No it did not
unless there was an actual loud noise)o Undisputed usage I literally ran more than 25 miles today I ran a
marathon
bull loan ndash The use of loan as a verb meaning to give out a loan is disputed withlend being preferred for the verb form AHD4 flatly states [t]he verb loan is wellestablished in American usage and cannot be considered incorrect[63] M-W statesloan is entirely standard as a verb[64] RH says Sometimes mistakenlyidentified as an Americanism loan as a verb meaning to lend has been used in
English for nearly 800 years it further states that objections to this use arecomparatively recent[65] Chambers defines the verb loan as to lend (especiallymoney)[66] OED merely states Now chiefly US[67] and COD11 includes themeaning without tag or comment
o Undisputed usage I lent him some money
o Undisputed usage Fill out the paperwork for a loan
o Disputed usage I loaned him some money
[edit] M
bull may and might ndash May should only be used where the event in question is still
possible not for something that was possible in the past or for a hypothetical present possibility Might is properly the past tense form of may (In similar fashion could should and would are all past tense forms for can shalland will respectively)
o Undisputed usage My brother may have gone to China last week
( perhaps he did )o Disputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother may have gone
to China last week (but he didnt )o Undisputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother might have
gone to China last weeko Disputed usage He thought it may be true (but it wasnt )
o Undisputed usage He thought it might be true
bull meet ndash Some prescriptivists state that as a transitive verb in the context to cometogether by chance or arrangement meet (as in meet (someone)) does not requirea preposition between verb and object the phrase meet with (someone) is deemedincorrect Chambers flags this usage US[68] RH allows it in the sense of to joinas for conference or instruction I met with her an hour a day until we solved the problem[69] On the other hand none of M-W AHD4 or COD11 entertains this
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usage NOTE In the sense of fulfilling prerequisites or criteria (We met with theentry requirements) or that of encountering (Our suggestions may meet with
opposition the soldiers met with machine-gun fire) the verb phrase meet with isnot in dispute
o Disputed usage I will meet with you tonight
o
Undisputed usage I will meet you tonight
bull momentarily ndash Traditionally momentarily means for a moment but its use tomean in a moment is sometimes disputed M-W[70] and RH[71] give this latter usage a standard entry without comment while OED[72] and Chambers[73] tag itNAmer AHD4 has a usage note indicating that 59 of their Usage Paneldeems this usage unacceptable[74]
o Disputed usage Your feature presentation will begin momentarily
o Undisputed usage The flash from the atom bomb momentarily lit up the
night sky
[edit] N
bull nauseous ndash Traditionally nauseous means causing nausea (synonymous withnauseating) it is commonly used now as a synonym for queasy that ishaving the feeling of nausea AHD4 notes the traditional view stating that 72 of the Usage Panel preferred nauseated over nauseous to mean affected withnausea however 88 of that same panel preferred nauseating to nauseous tomean causing nausea in other words a maximum of only 28 prefersnauseous in either case It also states that in common usage nauseous issynonymous with nauseated but deems this usage incorrect[75] M-W howeverasserts that [t]hose who insist that nauseous is an error for nauseated are
mistaken[76] Both M-W and AHD4 accept that nauseous is supplantingnauseated for feeling nausea and in turn being replaced by nauseating for causing nausea in general usage they only differ on the correctness of thechange RH states The two literal senses of nauseous [] appear in English atalmost the same time in the early 17th century and both senses are in standard useat the present time Nauseous is more common than nauseated in the senseaffected with nausea despite recent objections by those who imagine the sense to be new[77] CHAMBERS lists the sense of causing nausea first and affected withnausea second[78] while COD11 gives the affliction first and causation second both dictionaries list the entries without comment OED goes further tagging itsnauseated usage as Orig[inally] US but demoted its nauseating usage to
literary OED also notes that the original (now obsolete) sense of the word inEnglish was inclined to sickness or nausea squeamish[79] Curiously this oldestseventeenth-century meaning (inclined to nausea) while distinct from thedisputed twentieth-century usage (afflicted by nausea) more closely resemblesthe latter than it does the prescribed meaning (causing nausea)
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseous
o Disputed usage That smell is making me nauseous
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseating
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882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 2941
future tense (The supervisor will be back presently)[80] M-W mentions the samevintage for the sense of now and that it is not clear why it is objectionable[81]
AHD4 states that despite its use nowadays in literate speech and writing thatthere is still lingering prejudice against this use In the late 1980s only 50 of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved of the sentence General Walters is hellip
presently the United States Ambassador to the United Nations[82]
COD11 lists both usages without comment CHAMBERS merely flags the sense of now asN Amer especially US[83]
o Disputed usage I am presently reading Wikipedia
o Undisputed usage I will be finished with that activity presently
[edit] R
bull refute ndash The traditional meaning of refute is disprove or dispel with reasoned
arguments It is now often used as a synonym for deny The latter sense islisted without comment by M-W[84] and AHD4[85] while CHAMBERS tags it ascolloquial[86] COD11 states that Traditionalists object to [the use of refute asdeny] but it is now widely accepted in standard English However RH does notmention this use at all[87]
bull relatively ndash Literally meaning compared to some now use relatively to meanmoderately or somewhat AHD4 does not list this usage at all [88] M-W hasapparently blended the two usages in one[89]
o Disputed usage That man was relatively annoying
o Undisputed usage Though relatively harmless when compared to
dimethylmercury mercury (II) oxide is still quite toxic
[edit] S
bull Scotch Scots and Scottish ndash Formerly English people used Scotch whereScottish people used Scottish The current convention is as follows
o Scottish for people
o Scotch for things (especially whisky)
o Scots for institutions (Scots law Scots language)
bull
seek ndash This means look for but is used to mean try or want This usage iscriticised by Fowler in the entry Formal Words
o Disputed usage we did seek to resolve the Iraq crisis by peaceful
means those who seek to emulate his legacy of murder the Liberalsseek to undermine that future[attribution needed ]
o Undisputed usage Seek and ye shall find
[edit] T
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull than mdash Than is the subject of a longstanding dispute as to its status as a preposition or conjunction see than For the disputed construction different thansee Different
bull they mdash Prescriptivists regard this as a plural pronoun that uses a third person
plural verb conjugation (see below they show) but the word is now commonlyused especially in speech and informal writing as a non-gender-specific third- person singular pronoun (which modern English otherwise lacks) Alternativesinclude he or she and generic he Some writers argue that generic he isgeneric (as the name implies) and thus includes both sexes Others find it sexist or too old-fashioned The pronouns you or one can be used in some sentences
o Disputed usage A person is rude if they show no respect for their hosts
o Undisputed usage One is rude if one shows no respect for ones hosts
o Undisputed usage It is rude not to show respect for hosts
o Undisputed usage Many people have told me that they are satisfied with
their food
bull thusly mdash Thusly (AHD4 suggests) was originally coined by educated writers tomake fun of uneducated persons trying to sound genteel[90] Thusly howeverdiffused into popular usage Some people accept it as an adverb in its own rightwhile others believe thus should be used in all cases The word thusly appearswith no associated usage notes in M-W[91] COD11 tags it as informal with theentry thus tagged as literary or formal CHAMBERS does not list the word atall and it is unknown in British usage[92]
[edit] U
bull unique ndash Some prescriptivists argue that unique only means sole or unequaled (British spelling unequalled) but most dictionaries give a thirdmeaning unusual which can be qualified by very or somewhat as in Thetheme of the party was somewhat unique see comparison Almost unique isuniversally acceptable[citation needed ]
[edit] W
bull
whilst and while mdash Penguin Working Words recommends while only and notesthat whilst is old-fashioned Cambridge Guide to English Usage and M-WsWebsters Guide to English Usage comment on its regional character and notethat it is rare in American usage It is thus safer to use only while in internationalEnglish (See the article While for further sources deprecating the use of whilst and cautioning about uses of while)
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull who mdash Some prescriptivists argue that who should be used only as a subject pronoun the corresponding object pronoun being whom Strictly speakingusing who instead of whom is substituting a subjective pronoun for an objective pronoun and hence is the same as using she instead of her (eg I talked to she
today) Most people never use whom in spoken English and instead use who for
all cases Those who use whom in everyday speech may recognize substitution of who as substandard FOWLER has an extensive entry on who and whom
including several quotes from major publications where whom is used incorrectlyo Undisputed usage You are talking to whom
o Disputed usage You are talking to who
o Undisputed usage To whom are you talking
o Disputed usage To who are you talking
o Disputed usage far more hostile to Diana whom she believes betrayed
the Prince of WalesmdashIndependent Mag 1993 (FOWLER)o Undisputed usage far more hostile to Diana who she believes betrayed
the Prince of Wales
o Disputed usage Whom do men say that I am (Mark 927 King JamesVersion)
bull whoever mdash This extension of who (see above) along with its object formwhomever is attended by the same uncertainties as who along with whom and isdiscussed in the same sources (See the relevant section at Who)
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever wants it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever you think should have it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whomever you choose to give it
o Disputed usage Give it to whoever you choose to give it to
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever wants it
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever you think should have it
Module - Pair work - Asking questions to yourpartner
Hey
with Group 2 we first talked a little about food at the beginning of the class as awarm up And here is what we said
to be written by Franc
Then today was the first day that we worked in pairs You had to find informationabout superhero characters asking questions to your partner
Here are the two worksheets if you still need to complete them
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW you need to be able to speak about the picture of a super hero + speak about
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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their story + give the common points between all the super heroes presented Yourpresentation will last about 3 to 5 minutes You can send me some drafts (brouillon)if neededBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - Tale LV2
Southern Trees - beginning of the study
Hey
today we first warmed up about your future jobs while waiting for those who werelate Here is what you said
I would like to become an architect when I leave highschool (Selma)I want to study law to be a lawyer maybe ( Jeacuterocircme)
Structures WANT TO WOULD LIKE TO -- Attention aux noms de meacutetiers quisont preacuteceacutedeacutes de larticle aan
Then we did a quick recap about what Jim Crow laws used to be Here is what wesaid
bull Jim Crow Laws
These were laws about racial segregation until the end of the 1960sBlacks were not allowed to go to school with Whites
Blacks were not allowed to attend school with WhitesBlacks were forbidden to live together there were separate water
fountains rest rooms or entrances at restaurantsThey were prohibited to sit at the front of a bus
bull KKK(1865-)
white Protestantssupremacy of the white race
white costumesterrorism and violence to oppress Blacks
Finally we listened to the text and we started our general comprehesion by
highlighting the important information about the type of document the places thetime Here is what we wrote
bull Text Southern Trees
- type of doc extract from the autobiographic novel of Billie Holliday- who Billie Holliday Lewis Allen piano player of Billie Pop audience bitch
- where in New-York at Cafe Society on 52nd Street Miami Los Angeles
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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- when published in 1956
HW you need to finish answering the usual wh- questions about the text (inparticular about the feelings of the characters involved) You also need to divide thetext into 2 parts give them a title and justify your titles
NB you will have a vocabulary test next week with the words from the lesson andthe words from the tool box p 53 You may also have a test about the text andabout racial discrimination in the US on Wednesday It will depend on how far we areinto the study of the document Southern TreesBy English Prof
Enter comment - View comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Spiderman - Page 3
This morning with the whole class we first warmed up with why I was a little late inclass Here is what we wrote
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
Then we studied the last page from Spiderman
There was a secretary for each person that spoke about a panel Here are the notesthat we took while they were speaking
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
HW you will be able to speak about the document at the beginning of the class in arow (dun seul trait )You can download the last page here
By English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Oral tests about picture presentation + Lastsuperhero activity in pair work
Hey
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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today in module I asked you to speak about the picture p 152 that you had tocomment You need to improve your analysis Ill be asking other students next timeagain
Here is an example of presentation Its not perfect but its a rather good one
The document is a picture where there are two parts In the first part wecan see a white family at the bottom who is sitting in a garden They looksurprised and they are looking at the second family who feels happy and
impressed Contrary to the white family they are standing and clad with
their traditional dress Its a black family
To me the scene takes place in the USA and the goal of this picture is todenounce discrimination which treats people differently in society
The photographer aims at criticizing segregation In this photo theseparation is represented by the fence which is separating Africans from
Americans Segregation in the 20th century in America was when the Blacksand the Whites couldnt blend
To my mind this picture is a good representation of discrimination MartinLuther King and Rosa Park are the symbols of this conflict When I see somepeople wanted to change society and make people aware of these
inequalities through paintings photos speeches or parades Im grateful tothem
The picture attains its objective I like this photo because it denounces very
well the implicit problems of American society in the 20th century(by Rochella D)
Group 2 then we started a new activity about grammar on how to differentiatebetween Present Simple and Present Be + ing
You may download the documents hereyet to be uploaded
Group 1 Then we started a new activity that was initially designed by MissFernandes a colleague in the academy of Caen We first described the pictures of the superheroes
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW You need to finish the description of each picture and prepare the questions toask to your partner about the missing elements in your worksheetBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareMonday 16 november 2009
- Posted in For Fun
The Prisoner - New Series - Trailer
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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A new American series that you will probably LOVE Here is the trailer Looks andsounds fantastic
Exprimer le conseil en anglais
Today after taking a test on Body beauty and body parts (phonetics included) wespoke about superstitions on Friday the 13th And we discovered that Jonathansgrand-ma was extremely supersticious and that some of you believed in supernaturalthings too like Juliette who thinks her mother can read her mind or Camille RL whois sure what she says sometimes comes true Beware of the other Camille T whohas got a black cat She is certainly a witch and she may transform us all intopiglets Just kidding of course )
Here is what we said about superstitions
Today is a special day
On Friday the 13th people who are superstitious believe something terribly
bad or something awesome will happen to them
Examples of supertisions- you shouldnt be 13 around a table
- you shouldnt walk under a ladder- you shouldnt meet a black cat
- you shouldnt break a mirror- you shouldnt celebrate a birthday before
- you should wear a rabbit leg- you shouldnt walk on a line in the street
- you shouldnt cross your legs- you should touch wood when you say something bad
- you shouldnt put hats or shoes on a bed- you shouldnt open your umbrella inside
- you shouldnt put the bread upside down
Remember to express advice there are 3 very simple structures
bull should shouldnt + V
bull had better had better not + V bull ought to ought not to + V
Chocircmage unemployment
Embaucher to hire
bull by + V+ ing au moyen de en + V+ ingbull to + V pour + V (le but)
leisure loisirshigh ndash loweacuteleveacute ndash bas
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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ecirctre oblige de to have to + Vto lead to entraicircnerhuge immense= The work-week la semaine de travailIn France the 35 hours-work week was decided and implemented in the 1990rsquos by asocialist government ( Mrs Aubry)
Exercice de traduction 1) Les employeacutes doivent faire des heures suppleacutementairesEmployees must do long hoursEmployees have to do long hours2) Il y a de nombreuses faccedilons de trouver du travailThere are a lot of ways to find work3) Lrsquoimmense augmentation des reacuteseaux sociaux permettent aux gens decommuniquer drsquoavantageThe huge increase of social networks enables people to communicate more4) Le travail suppleacutementaire entraicircne des problegravemes de santeacute pour les hommessurmeneacutes
bull Homebull Mail
bull Photos
bull Music
bull Games + Apps
bull More
o SMS Groups
o Sawaal
o Instant Messenger
o Free SMS
o Mobile
o Travel
Sign Up Sign In
Ask your Question in Exams Education amp References
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Home Ask Question Answer Questions My QampA CategoriesAsk the experts Expert leader board
Home raquo Education raquo Exams Education ampReferences raquo Question
thornyuml
thornyuml
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I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i mDoing for Improve my english give me your best idea
Asked in Exams Education amp References at 1200 PM on October 09 2008
Tags english idea
This question is closedReport abuse
ntn jainProfile | QampA
Rate this 00
bull Latest Answers(4)
Sort by Latest | Oldest | Top-rated
English is best improved by practice and also by taking a small course to improve grammar and communication skillsThe key to practice is to read newspapers magazines and books almost regularly You can also start talking andexpressing yourself in English with your peers friends and (if possible) relatives
Writing in English is a good habit that will strengthen your expression skills as well In case you complete this all-round approach I am sure you will do well All the best
Answered by Idle Mind an ibibo Master at 409 PM on October 13 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Idle MindProfile | QampA
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you can
Answered by Rachana an ibibo Citizen at 106 PM on October 11 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
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RachanaProfile | QampA
well ntn
its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming
future n ways ntn some tips from my side that will help yu improve yu ur english are
i Observe the mouth movements of those who speak English well and try to imitate them
When you are watching television observe the mouth movements of the speakers Repeat what they are saying whileimitating the intonation and rhythm of their speech
ii Until you learn the correct intonation and rhythm of English slow your speech down
If you speak too quickly and with the wrong intonation and rhythm native speakers will have a hard timeunderstanding you
Dont worry about your listener getting impatient with your slow speech -- it is more important that everything you say be understood
iii Listen to the music of English
Do not use the music of your native language when you speak English Each language has its own way of singing
iv Use the dictionary
Try and familiarise yourself with the phonetic symbols of your dictionary Look up the correct pronunciation of wordsthat are hard for you to say
v Make a list of frequently used words that you find difficult to pronounce and ask someone who speaks the languagewell to pronounce them for you
Record these words listen to them and practice saying them Listen and read at the same time
vi Buy books on tape
Record yourself reading some sections of the book Compare the sound of your English with that of the person readingthe book on the tape
vii Pronounce the ending of each word
Pay special attention to S and ED endings This will help you strengthen the mouth muscles that you use when youspeak English
viii Read aloud in English for 15-20 minutes every day
Research has shown it takes about three months of daily practice to develop strong mouth muscles for speaking a newlanguage
ix Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation mistakes
Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice and avoid listening to themselves speak However this is a veryimportant exercise because doing it will help you become conscious of the mistakes you are making
x Be patient
You can change the way you speak but it wont happen overnight People often expect instant results and give up toosoon You can change the way you sound if you are willing to put some effort into it
GOOD LUCK
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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Answered by Anant-- an ibibo Master at 133 PM on October 09 2008
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Anant--Profile | QampA
BEST WAY ACCORDING TO ME IS READ DAILY ENGLISH NEWSPAPER IF U COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY ONE OXFORD DICTIONARY AND REFER MEANINGS AND IFU COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY MEANINGS CONVERSION OF ENGLISH TO UR MOTHER TONGUE THIS MAY TAKESOME TIME THERE WILL BE SOME IMPROVEMENT IN JUST 1 MONTH BETTER READ HINDU OR TIMES OF INDIAALL THE BEST
Answered by gyaneshwar an ibibo Citizen at 1258 PM on October 09 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
gyaneshwar Profile | QampA
Related Search
Meri english bahot hi weak haimain apni english kaise strong kar sakta hoonkis tarah fluentlyenglish bol sakta hoon
dearthe simple way to improve you english is to particehave you ever heard of the saying Parctise makes a man perfect so even when you you commit mistake try to learn from the mistake and rectify themand simple start askingquestion to people in Englishand if you want yo learn english donot fell embrace in the front of anyone and alsotry to read TIMES OF INDIAN
Posted in Self Development by naqeeb ahmar at 758 PM on March 17 2008Tags meri english bahot weak apni kaise strong sakta tarah fluently hoon
how to improve english plese tell me
to compose simple sentences in your mind when you are alone Stick on the idea you want to convey rather than thegrammar Speak to the native English speakers if possible Chatt with those in internet SearchI dont know the level of your english if you have basics the fun way of learning are english comics cartoon network in english or any english
movies comics will help you in speaking good english
Posted in Love amp Romance by Shiva Singh at 1015 PM on September 24 2008Tags improve english plese
How can i improve my Enlish speaking and writing both
their meanings and use them in your convesationListen to english newsFor writing read the books on letters essaysand storiesslowly you will get the idea of using english in your convenienceFinally findDear Ashok It is good you
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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want to improve your English First and foremost thing you need is YOU All you need to do is give quality time notthe quantity Do make a conscious effort and smart work
Posted in Self Development by ashok sharma at 626 AM on October 14 2008Tags improve enlish writing
how to use GPRS in china made mob prince A960
here most of gprs settings for most of mobile service operator India to enter in your phone mannulay Here you havemanual gprs settings for vodafone hutch idea airtel bsnl airtel live airtel mobile you can enter in your phone andconfigure mannuallyManual Idea gprs Settings1 Account Name - ideaGPRS2 Username - leave Blank3 Password -leave Blank4 Homepage - httpwapideafreshcom5
Posted in Computers amp Technology by vivek soni at 145 AM on June 13 2008Tags gprs help china mad mob
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i m Doing for Improve my englishgive me your best idea
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the
pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you canwell ntn its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming future n ways ntn some tips from my sidethat will help yu improve yu ur english are i Observe
Posted in Exams Education amp References by ntn jain at 939 PM on October 13 2008Tags want improve english improve best
what is html
they want Text is what you will use English letters just like you use everyday Markup is what you will do You willwrite in plain English and then mark up what you wrote Language Some may argue that technically html is a code
but you write html in plain everyday English languageHi RockyHTML is the code behind your webpage and is whatyour browser looks for to display a webpage the way the webdesigner
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Rocky at 258 PM on May 07 2008Tags html
how I improve my english speech
and be confidentYOU CAN DOWNLOAD A LOT OF SOFTWARES FROM INTERNET IT REALLY HELPSAND ANOTHER IDEA IS TO WATCH ENGLISH CHANNELS LIKE METRO NATION NDTV GOOD TIMESAND DONT FORGET TO WATCH NDTV DISCUSSIONSget to c more english movie join times classes on english
they improvise a lotEnglish can be improved by reading booksnewspaper by discussionsThese are certain tips toimprove english
Posted in Counselling by sagar gawde at 803 PM on February 14 2008Tags improve english speech
What is the best way to enhance skills in English Which is most best website which can help tolearn English from basic to a very high class
will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin thinking in English Listening to Native Speakers as Much asPossible is the good idea to enhance your English language skills Here are someFirst of all be motivated become a
person who likes to learn English Using as many different sources methods and tools as possible will allow you tolearn faster There are many different ways
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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Posted in Self Development by RAVINDRA at 644 PM on October 03 2008Tags best enhance skills website help learn english basic high
Who created the first mouse
to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThe first marketed integrated mouseshipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came from the resemblance of earlymodels which had a cord attached to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThefirst marketed integrated mouse shipped as a part
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Aryan Gusain at 212 PM on July 02 2008Tags created first mouse
Do you have any idea for FRANKLYN INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGE Its a spoken English Institutewhich gives Job Guarantee if anyone knows plz let me know
190A Maniktolla Main Road Kolkata-54 phone no 91-33-32401558 91-33-32428200 frankylnkkghotmailcomhi poonamur question gives an idea dat ur command on english is nt poor why u r lookingYou have heard rightFRANKLYN offers spoken english courses and there is also a lot of students pursuing courses there
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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o 16 M
o 17 N to R
o 18 S to T
o 19 U to Z
bull 2 See also
bull 3 Notesbull 4 References
bull 5 External links
[edit] List
[edit] A
bull abdicate abrogate and arrogate To abdicate is to resign from the throne or more loosely to cast off a responsibility To abrogate is to repeal a law or abolishan arrangement To arrogate is to attempt to take on a right or responsibility towhich one is not entitled
o Standard Edward VIII abdicated from the throne of the United Kingdom
o Standard Henry VIII abrogated Welsh customary law
o Non-standard John abrogated all responsibility for the catering
arrangements (should be abdicated)o Non-standard You should not abrogate to yourself the whole honour of
the Presidents visit (should be arrogate)
bull accept and except While they sound similar (or even identical) except is a
preposition that means apart from while accept is a verb that means agreewith take in or receive Except is also occasionally used as a verb meaningto take out or to leave out
o Standard We accept all major credit cards except Diners Club
o Standard Men are fools present company excepted (Which means
present company excluded)o Non-standard I had trouble making friends with them I never felt
exceptedo Non-standard We all went swimming accept for Jack
bull acute and chronic Acute means sharp as an acute illness is one that rapidly
worsens and reaches a crisis A chronic illness may also be a severe one but it islong-lasting or lingeringo Standard She was treated with epinephrine during an acute asthma attack
o Standard It is not a terminal illness but it does cause chronic pain
o Non-standard I have suffered from acute asthma for twenty years
o Non-standard I just started feeling this chronic pain in my back
bull adage often used in conjunction with old Adage is necessarily old
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull adverse and averse Adverse means unfavorable contrary or hostile Averse
means having a strong feeling of opposition antipathy or repugnanceo Standard They sailed despite adverse weather conditions
o Standard He was averse to taking his medicine
o Non-standard He is not adverse to having a drink now and then
bull affect and effect The verb affect means to influence something and the nouneffect means the result of Effect can also be a verb that means to cause[something] to be while affect as a noun has technical meanings in psychologymusic and aesthetic theory an emotion or subjectively experienced feeling Adevice to remember when trying to decide which is the right choice If somethingaffects you it usually has an effect on you
o Standard This poem affected me so much that I cried
o Standard Temperature has an effect on reaction spontaneity
o Standard The dynamite effected the walls collapse
o Standard He seemed completely devoid of affect
o Non-standard The rain effected our plans for the dayo Non-standard We tried appeasing the rain gods but to no affect
bull aggravate and mitigate Aggravate means to make worse Mitigate means tomake less bad Mitigating factor refers to something that affects someonescase by lessening the degree of blame not anything that has any effect at all
bull algorithm and logarithm An algorithm is a sequence of instructions often usedfor calculation and processing data A logarithm is a mathematical function thatindicates for a given base the power (ie exponent) to which the base must beraised to produce that number
o Standard The manager developed an algorithm by which he coulddetermine which candidate would best meet the needs of the company
o Standard The pH is equivalent to the negative logarithm of the
concentration of hydrogen ions in solution Thus a solution of pH 62 willhave an [H+] concentration of 10minus62 molL
bull allusion illusion and hallucination An allusion is an indirect or metaphoricalreference to something an illusion is a false picture of something that is there ahallucination is the seeing of something that is not there
bull alternative and alternate An alternative (noun) is secondary option to alternate
(verb) is to go back and forth between two stateso Standard Green would be a good alternative to red
o Standard She alternated between love and hate
o Non-standard Are there are alternate choices
bull anticipate to act in advance of an expected event and expect to regard as likely
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull appraise and apprise To appraise is to assess or value something to apprise isto teach or inform
o Standard His performance was appraised very positively
o Standard I lost no time in apprising her of the situation
o Non-standard Has he been appraised of the fact
bull assume to suppose to be true especially without proof and presume to take for granted as being true in the absence of proof to the contrary Presume can alsomean take excessive liberties as in the adjective form presumptuous
o Standard They had assumed that they were alone so they were surprised
when they heard a third voice join their songo Standard Doctor Livingstone I presume
bull assure ensure and insure To assure is to intend to give the listener confidenceto ensure is to make certain of and to insure is to purchase insurance
o Standard I assure you that I will have your car washed by the time you
returno Standard When you mow the lawn ensure there are no foreign objects in
the grasso Standard I plan to purchase the collision policy when I insure my car
[edit] B to D
bull bifurcate Bifurcate means to segregate or divide into two parts Not as a stand-infor more than one
bull cache and cachet A cache (IPA kaeligʃ) is a storage place from which items may
be quickly retrieved A cachet (IPA kaeligˈʃ eɪ) is a seal or mark such as a waxseal on an envelope or a mark of authenticity on a product Note that cachet isusually used figuratively to mean marked by excellence distinction or superiority
o Standard The pirates buried a cache of jewels near the coast
o Standard Living in New York City definitely has a certain cachet
o Non-standard If your web browser is running slowly try emptying the
cachet
bull cant and cant Cant is a contraction of cannot Cant has a number of differentmeanings including a slope or slant or a kind of slang or jargon spoken by a
particular group of people Canting arms is a coat-of-arms that representsmeaning of the bearers surname
o Standard I cant understand the dialogue in this book because it is written
in canto Standard Heralds do not pun they cant[1]
o Non-standard I cant swim I have never taken lessons
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull complementary and complimentary Things or people that go together well arecomplementary (ie they complete each other) whereas complimentary refers toa bonus gift or giving someone praise
o Standard Orange and blue are complementary colors
o Standard This sales item comes with a complimentary gift
o Standard Jane was very complimentary about your new home
Similarly a complement is an accessory while a compliment is a statement of admiration
bull concession A concession stand gets its name from the fact that the operator hastypically been granted a contract known as a concession to operate the stand Itis non-standard to refer to the items sold at concession stands as concessions
bull contiguous continual and continuous Contiguous means touching or adjoining in space continual means repeated in rapid succession continuous
means uninterrupted (in time or space)o Standard Alaska is not one of the forty-eight contiguous states
o Standard The field was surrounded by a continuous fence
o Standard The continuous murmur of the stream
o Standard His continual interruptions are very irritating
bull contingent and contingency As a noun a contingent is a representative group acontingency is a possible event
o Standard The explorers were prepared for every contingency
o Standard He was a member of the California contingent at the
convention
o Non-standard He was greeted by a contingency from the school board
bull crotch and crutch A crotch is an area where something branches or forks off in 2directions or the area on a persons body where the legs fork from the trunk (commonly interchanged with groin) A crutch is a device that assists motionespecially one that sits under the armpit or something that supports often usednegatively to indicate that it is not needed and causes an unhealthful dependency
bull diffuse and defuse To diffuse is to disperse randomly whereas to defuse is toremove the fuse from a bomb or in general to render a situation less dangerous Diffuse can also be used as an adjective meaning not concentrated
o Standard The situation was defused when Sandy explained that he wasgay and had no interest in Franks wife
o Standard The smell of gasoline slowly diffused into the still air of the
hallo Standard The spotlights were turned off leaving the stage lit by the
diffuse glow of the lanterns
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bull dilemma which really means for one to be faced with a bifurcation in choice andnot simply a problem as is commonly alleged
bull disassemble and dissemble To disassemble means to dismantle (eg to take amachine code program apart to see how it works) to dissemble means to tell
lies
bull disburse and disperse Disburse means to give out especially money Disperse
means to scatter
bull discreet and discrete Discrete means having separate parts as opposed tocontiguous Discreet means circumspect
bull disinterested and uninterested To be disinterested in something means to not be biased about something (ie to have no personal stake in a particular side of anissue) To be uninterested means to not be interested in or intrigued by something
o
Standard As their good friend I tried to mediate their argument in adisinterested manner so as not to anger eithero Standard Though his initial reaction suggested otherwise he maintains
that he remains uninterested in the business propositiono Non-standard The key to attracting a member of the opposite sex is to
balance between giving attention to him or her and appearingdisinterested
bull dissect and bisect Bisect means to cut into two dissect means to cut apart both literally and figuratively Disect is an archaic word meaning to separate bycutting but has not been in common use since the 17th century
o
Standard We dissected the eye of a bull in biology class todayo Standard She dissected Smiths dissertation pointing out scores of errors
o Standard The Americas are bisected by the Panama canal
o Non-standard We bisected the eye of a bull in biology class today
[edit] E to H
bull economic and economical Economic means having to do with the economy Economical means financially prudent frugal and also figuratively in the sensesparing use (of time language etc) [2]
o Standard Buying in bulk can often be the most economical choice
o Standard The actor should be economical in his use of movemento Standard He attended the School of Economic and Business Sciences
o Non-standard Leading economical indicators suggest that a recession
may be on the horizono Non-standard The actor should be economic in his use of movement
bull eg and ie The abbreviation eg stands for the Latin exempli gratiā for example and should be used when the example(s) given are just one or a few of
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many The abbreviation ie stands for the Latin id est that is and is used to givethe only example(s) or to otherwise qualify the statement just made
o Standard A Briton is a British citizen eg John Lennon
o Standard Tolkiens The Hobbit is named after its protagonist ie Bilbo
Baggins
o Non-standard A Briton is a British citizen ie Paul McCartney (at thelast count there were about 60 million BritonsmdashSir Paul is far from being
the only one)
bull emigration and immigration Emigration is the process of leaving a countryimmigration is the process of arriving in a countrymdashin both cases indefinitely
o Standard Ethnic communities such as Little Italy were created by people
emigrating from their home countries
bull eminent preeminent imminent and immanent Eminent originally meaningemerging means illustrious or highly-regarded Preeminent means most
highly-regarded Imminent means about to occur Immanent (less common thanthe other two and often theological) means indwelling pervadingo Standard The eminent doctor Jones testified on behalf of the defence
o Standard Rumours that war was imminent soon spread through the
populationo Standard Gods grace is immanent throughout the entire creation
bull exacerbate and exasperate Exacerbate means to make worse Exasperate
means to exhaust usually someones patienceo Standard Treatment by untrained personnel can exacerbate injuries
o Standard Do not let Jack talk to the state trooper he is tactless and will
just exasperate her
bull flesh and flush To flesh out is to add flesh to a skeleton or metaphorically to addsubstance to an incomplete rendering To flush out is to cause game fowl to taketo flight or to frighten any quarry from a place of concealment
o Standard The forensic pathologist will flesh out the skull with clay
o Standard The beaters flushed out the game with drums and torches
o Non-standard This outline is incomplete and must be flushed out
bull flounder and founder To flounder is to be clumsy confused indecisive or toflop around like a fish out of water A flounder is also a type of flatfish To
founder is to fill with water and sinko Standard The ship is damaged and may founder
o Standard She was floundering on the balance beam
o Non-standard The ship is damaged and may flounder
bull flout and flaunt One flouts a rule or law by flagrantly ignoring it One flaunts
something by showing it offo Standard If you have it flaunt it
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o Standard He continually flouted the speed limit
o Non-standard If you have it flout it
o Non-standard He continually flaunted the speed limit
bull hay and straw Hay is a grassy plant used as animal fodder Straw is the dry stalk
of a cereal plant (eg barley oats rice rye) after the grain or seed has beenremoved it is used to line an animals stall or for insulation
bull hang To hang something or someone in the present tense one uses the sameform In the past however pictures are hung and criminals are hanged
bull hangar and hanger The aeroplane is in the hangar the coat is on the hanger
bull historic and historical In strict usage historic describes an event of importance mdashone that shaped history or is likely to do so Historical merely describessomething that happened in the past
o Standard The president made a(n) historic announcement (Theannouncement was of historical importance)
o Non-standard The office kept an archive of historic records (The records
are not necessarily of historical importancemdashthey are simply records fromthe past)
bull hoard and horde A hoard is a store or accumulation of things A horde is a largegroup of people
o Standard A horde of shoppers lined up to be the first to buy the new
gizmoo Standard He has a hoard of discontinued rare cards
o Non-standard Do not horde the candy share ito Non-standard The hoard charged when the horns sounded
[edit] I to J
bull imply and infer Something is implied if it is a suggestion intended by the personspeaking whereas a conclusion is inferred if it is reached by the person listening
o Standard When Tony told me he had no money he was implying that I
should give him someo Standard When Tony told me he had no money I inferred that I should
give him some
o Non-standard When Tony told me he had no money he was inferring thatI should give him some
bull inherent and inherit A part inherent in X is logically inseparable from X Toinherit is a verb meaning pass down a generation
o Standard Risk is inherent in the stock market
o Standard The next president inherits a legacy of mistrust and fear
o Non-standard There is violence inherit in the system
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bull its and its Its is a contraction that replaces it is or it has (see apostrophe) Its isthe possessive determiner corresponding to it meaning belonging to it
o Standard Its time to eat (it is time)
o Standard Its been nice getting to meet you (it has been)
o Standard My cell phone has poor reception because its antenna is broken
o Non-standard Its good to be the kingo Non-standard The bicycle tire had lost all of its pressure
bull irony Something is ironic if it is the opposite of what is appropriate expected or fitting
o Standard It is ironic that the center for the handicapped has no wheelchair
rampo Standard It is ironic that Alanis Morissette wrote a song called Ironic
with many examples not one of which is actually ironico Non-standard It is ironic that George W Bush is right-handed and
Republican while Bill Clinton is left-handed and Democratic
o Non-standard It is raining on our wedding day Is it not ironic
bull isle and aisle An isle is an island An aisle is corridor through which one may pass from one place to another
o Standard He came from a small isle in the Caribbean
o Standard The coffee is down the third aisle on the left
[edit] K to L
bull lay (lay laid laid laying ) and lie (lie lay lain lying ) are often usedsynonymously Lay is a transitive verb meaning that it takes an object To lay
something means to place something Lie on the other hand is intransitive andmeans to recline (and also to tell untruths but in this case the verb is regular andcauses no confusion) The distinction between these related verbs is further blurred by the fact that past tense of lie is lay An easy rule of thumb is to replacethe words with sit and set If sit makes sense (eg sit down) then lie should beused (lie down) If the sentence works with set (eg set the book on the table) thenlay should be used (lay the book on the table) To lie can also mean to not tell thetruth - but in that case the past tense is lied A layoff is never a lieoff or lyoff
o Standard I lay my husbands work clothes out for him every morning
Yesterday I decided to see if he paid attention to what I was doing so Ilaid out one white sock and one black He did not notice
o Standard You should not lie down right after eating a large mealYesterday I lay on my bed for half an hour after dinner and sufferedindigestion as a result My wife saw me lying there and made me get upshe told me that if I had waited for a couple of hours I could have laindown in perfect comfort
o Standard You lied to me there is no hidden chamber
o Non-standard Is this bed comfortable when you lay on it (Should be lie)
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o Non-standard Yesterday I lied down in my office during the lunch hour
(Should be lay)o Non-standard There was no reason for him to have laid down in the
middle of the path it unnerved me to see him laying there saying nothing(Should be have lain down and him lying there)
o Non-standard Lie the baby down and change his diaper (Should be layas lie is intransitive)
o Non-standard It could be easy for those guys to lay down After I left
they could have just laid down[3] o Non-standard I am going to lay out in the sun and work on my tan
(Should be lie In general the term lay out when referring to sunbathing isalways non-standard usage)
o Non-standard Sorry I lay about our appointment yesterday (Should be
lied )o Non-standard You should not lay down right after eating a large meal
Yesterday I lied on my bed for half an hour after dinner and suffered
indigestion as a result My wife saw me laying there and made me get upshe told me that if I had waited for a couple of hours I could have lied
down in perfect comfort (Should be lie lay lying and lain)
bull levee and levy A levee is a structure built along a river to raise the height of its banks thereby preventing nearby land from flooding (see dike) To levy is toimpose (1) a tax fine or other assessment or (2) a military draft as a noun a levy
is an assessment or army thus gathered The two words share a common root butthey are not considered interchangeable in Standard English Because they arehomophones misuse is usually only apparent when observed in writing
o Standard The Netherlands is well known for its elaborate system of
leveeso Standard This statute allows the state to levy a 3 tax
o Non-standard Recent storms have weakened the levy
bull literally[4] A term used to emphasize that a statement is not metaphoricalfigurative or hyperbolic It is also commonly misused as an intensifier for metaphorical figurative or hyperbolic statements
o Standard The mayor is literally a convicted felon
o Non-standard The mayor is literally robbing us blind with this new tax
bull loathe and loath or loth Loathe is a verb meaning to strongly dislike and loath
or loth means unwilling or reluctanto Standard I loathe arrogant people
o Standard I was loath to concede defeat
o Standard I was loth to submit to a body-cavity search until I saw who
would be administering it
bull lose and loose Lose can mean fail to win misplace or cease to be in possession Loose can mean the opposite of tight or the opposite of tighten Lose
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is often misspelled loose likely because lose has an irregular rhyme for the way itis spelled it is more common for words ending -ose to rhyme -əʊz like nose or rose but lose rhymes -u zː like news or confuse This may cause poor spellers toguess the correct spelling should match another -u z rhyming word likeː choosealthough choose is itself also an exception to the regular rhyme for words ending
-oose (typically such words including loose rhyme -u sː
like goose or caboose)o Standard We cannot afford to lose customers to our competitors
o Standard A screw is loose and I need a screwdriver to tighten it
o Non-standard If the team cannot score any points they will loose the
game
[edit] M
bull macerate marinate and marinade (From post-classical Latin marina brineshort for classical Latin aqua marina sea water)[5] In Standard English marinade
is a noun and not a verb marinate is the verb Macerate means to soften by
steeping in a liquid and in culinary terminology is used for non-protein itemsspecifically fruit [5] The word macerate is also used in science to soften bonerock etc in a liquid[5]
o Standard The meat will taste better if you marinate it in olive oil before
cookingo Standard Prepare the marinade by mixing vinegar and soy sauce
o Non-standard Marinade the meat in wine for half an hour
o Standard Macerate the fruit in wine for half an hour
o Non-standard Marinate the fruit in wine for half an hour
bull me myself and I In a traditional prescriptive grammar I is used only as a
subject me is used only as an object and myself is used only as a reflexive objectthat is to say when the subject is I and the object would otherwise be meMyself is often used incorrectly often in a form of hypercorrection Like the other reflexive pronouns myself should be used only when both the subject and objectof the verb are the speaker or as an emphatic pronoun (intensifier )
o Standard Jim and I took the train
o Standard He lent the books to Jim and me
o Standard That is I in the picture (This is very formal and seldom found
in speech)o Acceptable That is me in the picture (This is typical in informal English)
o Standard (intensifying) I myself have seen instances of that type
o Standard (reflexive) I hurt myself I did it to myself I played by myself Iwant to enjoy myself
o Non-standard Jim and me went into town
o Non-standard Me and Jim went into town
o Non-standard As for myself I prefer the red
o Non-standard He is an American like myself
o Non-standard He gave the paper to Jim and myself
o Non-standard My wife and myself do not like the development
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o Non-standard I wake upWith my eyes shut tightHoping tomorrow will
never comeFor you and I (Should be For you and me) (From You AndI Part II by Fleetwood Mac)
bull mitigate and militate To mitigate is to make something milder To militate is to
fight or exert pressure for something to happen or not to happeno Standard The seriousness of your crime was mitigated by the provocation
you were undero Standard Over-protective practices in this factory militate against
increased efficiencyo Non-standard Over-protective practices in this factory mitigate against
increased efficiency
[edit] N to R
bull novice and novitiate A novice is a prospective or trainee member of a religious
order The novitiate is the state of being a novice or the time for which one is anovice However a novice monk or nun is often incorrectly described as anovitiate (perhaps confused with initiate)
bull of and have In some dialects of spoken English of and the contracted form of have ve sound alike However in standard written English they are notinterchangeable
o Standard Susan would have stopped to eat but she was running late
o Standard You could have warned me
o Non-standard I should of known that the store would be closed (Should
be I shouldve known)
bull overestimate and underestimate There is frequent confusion between thingsthat cannot and should not be overunderestimated though the meanings areopposite
o Standard The damage caused by pollution cannot be overestimated (ie it
is so enormous that no estimate however high is excessive)o Standard The damage caused by pollution should not be underestimated
(ie it is wrong to regard it as minor)o Non-standard The damage caused by pollution cannot be underestimated
(literal meaning it is so minimal that no estimate is too small Intendedmeaning one of the previous two)
bull past and passed Past refers to events that have previously occurred while passed is the past tense of to pass whether in a congressional action or a physical occurrence
o Standard Congress passed the bill limiting the powers of the President
o Standard History is mainly concerned with the events of the past
o Non-standard He past my house on his way to the store
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bull peremptory and preemptive A peremptory act or statement is absolute it cannot be denied A preemptive action is one taken before an adversary can act
o Standard He issued a peremptory order
o Standard Preemptive air strikes stopped the enemy from launching the
new warship
bull perpetrate and perpetuate To perpetrate something is to commit it while to perpetuate is something is to cause it to continue or to keep happening
o Standard The gang perpetrated outrages against several citizens
o Standard The stories only serve to perpetuate the legend that the house is
haunted
bull perquisite and prerequisite Perquisite usually means an extra allowance or privilege Prerequisite means something required as a condition
o Standard He had all the perquisites of a movie star including a stand-in
o Standard Passing the examination was one of the prerequisites for a
teaching position
bull perspective and prospective Perspective is a view with correct visual anglesexample parallel railway tracks converging in the distance Prospective is afuture possibility or expectation
bull perspicuity and perspicacity If something is perspicuous it is easily understoodits meaning is obvious If one is perspicacious then one is quick to understand or has good insight
o Standard I admired her perspicacity she just seemed to get it so much
better than I
o Standard He expressed the idea so perspicuously that anyone couldunderstand
o Non-standard She spoke in a perspicacious way
bull peruse means to read or examine very carefully but is sometimes usederroneously when the exact opposite is meant to read superficially to glanceover quickly to skim
bull photogenic and photographic The former is to be used to mean someoneslikeness is particularly amenable to being well photographed The latter isanything pertaining to photography whether it is technical eg photographic
chemical or equipment or generic eg photographic journals
bull prescribe and proscribe To prescribe something is to command or recommendit To proscribe somebody or something is to outlaw him her or it
bull progeny and prodigy Progeny are offspring or things that follow something elseA prodigy is a genius or a marvelous example of something
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bull Quartary and quaternary Quartary (from Latin quartarius) is the fourthmember of an ordinal number word series beginning with (primary secondarytertiary) and continuing with (quintary sextary )[6] Quaternary (from Latinquaternarius) is the fourth member of a distributive number word series beginning with (singular binary ternary) and continuing with (quinary senary
septenary octonary centenary)[7][8]
In biology the non-standard usage Quaternary structure is so firmly entrenchedthat to refer to Quartary structure would be incorrect
bull redundant does not mean useless or unable to perform its function It meansthat there is an excess of something that something is surplus to requirementsand no longer needed or that it is obsolete
o Standard A new pill that will instantly cure any illness has made
antibiotics redundant (Antibiotics could still be used to cure illnesses butthey are no longer needed because a better pill has been invented)
o
Standard The week before Christmas the company made seventy-fiveworkers redundanto Non-standard Over-use of antibiotics risks making them redundant (This
should read over-use of antibiotics risks making them ineffective)
bull regimen and regiment A regimen is a system of order and may often refer to thesystematic dosing of medication A regiment is a military unit
o Standard The sick soldier was removed from his regiment
o Standard The sick soldier was ordered to complete a regimen of
amoxicillin
bull
reign and rein A reign refers to the rule of a monarch Reins are the straps usedto control the movements of an animal (typically a horse) Thus to take thereins means to assume control and to have free rein means to be free of constraints[9]
o Non-standard the Suns gave Sports Illustrateds Jack McCallum free
reign of practices[10] o Non-standard Bobby Jindal a whiz kid takes the reigns of Louisianas
Department of Health and Hospital[11]
[edit] S to T
bull sensual and sensuous Both words mean to do with the senses Sensual is moreoften applied to a pleasure or experience or to a persons character sensuous tosomeone or something of enticing appearance
o Standard Don Juan is the most sensual character in fiction
o Standard Ascetics believe in avoiding all sensual pleasures
o Standard Marilyn Monroe looks extremely sensuous in this film clip
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bull set and sit When used as a verb to set means to place or to adjust to a valuewhereas to sit means to be seated
o Standard Set the pot upon the stove
o Standard Set the temperature-control to 100 degC
o Non-standard Set down over there
o Non-standard Sit the pot on the stoveo Standard Sit on the chair
bull shrink and shirk To shirk means to consistently avoid to neglect to be tooafraid to engage To shrink means to contract to become physically smaller insize also to shrink away means to suddenly jerk away from something inhorror However to shrink from may also mean to hesitate or show reluctancetoward
o Standard I will not shirk discussion
o Standard I will not shrink from discussion
o Standard She shrank away from me
o Non-standard I will not shrink discussiono Non-standard I will not shirk from discussion
bull sight site and cite A sight is something seen a site is a place To cite is to quoteor list as a source
o Standard You are a sight for sore eyes
o Standard I found a list of the sights of Rome on a tourist site
o Standard Please cite the sources you used in your essay
o Standard You must travel to the site of the dig to see the dinosaur bones
o Standard It is necessary to have line-of-sight if you want to use
semaphore
o Non-standard One must be careful on a construction sighto Non-standard I will site the book in which I saw the statistics
o Non-standard I could not fire because I did not have line-of-site to the
target
bull temblor and trembler A temblor is an earthquake A trembler is something thattrembles
bull than and then Than is a grammatical particle and preposition associated withcomparatives whereas then is an adverb and a noun In certain dialects the twowords are usually homophones because they are function words with reduced
vowels and this may cause speakers to confuse themo Standard I like pizza more than lasagne
o Standard We ate dinner then went to the movies
o Non-standard You are a better person then I am
bull there their theyre and therere There refers to the location of somethingTheir means belonging to them Theyre is a contraction of They are Therere
is a contraction of there are[citation needed ]
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o Standard Therere five of them and theyre all coming to the restaurant for
their dinner we will meet them there
bull theres wheres etc A common spoken mistake is using a singular contractionwhen it should be plural in words like theres and wheres This stems from the
fact that therere and wherere are more difficult to enunciate and are oftenavoided for that reason in colloquial speecho Non-standard Wheres the cars (Should be Wherere)
o Non-standard Theres many types of cars (Should be Therere)
bull to too Too means in excess or also To is a preposition or is a part of a verbin the infinitive At the end of a sentence to may also refer to a dropped verb inthe infinitive
bull trimester A trimester is a period of three months[12][13] Because it is mostcommonly used in conjunction with a nine-month academic year [14] or a nine-
month term of human pregnancy[15]
it is sometimes wrongly assumed thattrimester is simply a synonym for one third[16][17] o Standard One calendar year contains four trimesters
o Non-standard Without further delay then comes ESPNcoms annual
(and overdue) First Trimester Report ushering folks back to the office bytaking stock of the seasons opening third[18]
[edit] U to Z
bull venal and venial These words are sometimes confused venal means corruptable to be bribed or for sale venial means pardonable not serious[2][19]
o Standard According to Catholic doctrine eating meat on a Friday is avenial sin but murder is a mortal sin
o Standard All ages have examples of venal politicians
bull warranty and warrantee A warranty is a legal assurance that some object can perform some specified task or meets certain quality standards A warrantee is the person who benefits from a warranty The verb form is warrant Confusion herecan stem from guarantee and the less common guaranty which have similar meanings
o Standard Most new cars come with at least a three-year warranty
o Standard I guarantee that you will make a return on your investment
o Non-standard Your mobile phone has stopped working Maybe you needto claim under the warrantee
bull whose and whos Whose is an interrogative word (Whose is this) or a relative pronoun (The people whose house you admired) whos is a contraction for whois or who has
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bull wont and wont Wont is a contraction for will not while wont is a wordmeaning accustomed or inclined to (as an adjective) or habit or custom (as anoun)
o Standard He wont let me drive his car
o Standard He spent the morning reading as he was wont to do
o Standard He took a walk in the evening as was his wonto Non-standard I wont need to go to the supermarket after all
bull youre and your While they sound the same in many dialects in standard writtenEnglish they have separate meanings Youre is a contraction for you are and your is a possessive pronoun meaning belonging to you When in doubt just seewhether the word in question can logically be expanded to you are
o Standard When driving always wear your seatbelt
o Standard If youre going out please be home by ten oclock
o Non-standard Youre mother called this morning
o Non-standard Your the first person to notice my new haircut today
bull aggravate ndash Some prescriptivists have argued that this word should not be used inthe sense of to annoy or to oppress but only to mean to make worseHowever this proscription against to annoy is not rooted in history Accordingto AHDI the annoy usage occurs in English as far back as the 17th centuryfurthermore in Latin from which the word was borrowed both meanings wereused[1] Sixty-eight percent of AHD4s Usage Panel approves of its use in Its theendless wait for luggage that aggravates me the most about air travel [2] M-Wmentions that while aggravate in the sense of to rouse to displeasure or anger byusually persistent and often petty goading has been around since the 17thcentury disapproval of that usage only appeared around 1870[3] RH states in its
usage note under aggravate that The two most common senses of aggravate areto make worse and to annoy or exasperate Both senses first appeared in theearly 17th century at almost the same time the corresponding two senses of thenoun aggravation also appeared then Both senses of aggravate and aggravation
have been standard since then[4] Chambers cites this usage as colloquial andthat it is well established especially in spoken English although it is sometimesregarded as incorrect[5]
o Disputed usage Its the endless wait for luggage that aggravates me the
most about air travelo Undisputed usage Being hit on the head by a falling brick aggravated my
already painful headache
bull aint ndash originally a contraction of am not this word is widely used as areplacement for arent isnt havent and hasnt as well While aint hasexisted in the English language for a very long time and it is a common normalword in many dialects in both North America and the British Isles it is not a partof standard English and its use in formal writing is not recommended by mostusage commentators Its unselfconscious use in speech may tend to mark thespeaker as uneducated Nevertheless aint is used by educated speakers and
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writers for deliberate effect what Oxford American Dictionary describes astongue-in-cheek or reverse snobbery and what Merriam-Webster Collegiate
calls emphatic effect or a consistently informal style[6]
bull alibi ndash Some prescriptivists argue this cannot be used in the non-legal sense of
an explanation or excuse to avoid blame or justify action AHD4 notes that thisusage was acceptable to almost half[7] of the Usage Panel while most opposedthe words use as a verb M-W mentions no usage problems listing the disputedmeaning second to its legal sense without comment OED cites the non-legal nounand verb usages as colloquial and orig[inally] US[8] Chambers deems this usecolloquial[9]
bull alright ndash An alternate to all right that some consider illiterate but others allowRH says that it probably arose in analogy with other similar words such asaltogether and already it does concede the use in writing as informal and thatall right is used in more formal edited writing[10] AHD4 flags alright as
nonstandard
[11]
and comments that this unacceptance (compared to altogether etc) is peculiar and may be due to its relative recentness (altogether andalready date back to the Middle Ages alright only a little over a century)[12]
Chambers refers to varying levels of formality of all right deeming alright to bemore casual it recommends the use of all right in writing for readers who are precise about the use of language[13]
bull also ndash Some prescriptivists contend this word should not be used to begin asentence AHD4 says 63 percent of the Usage Panel found acceptable theexample The warranty covers all power-train components Also participating dealers back their work with a free lifetime service guarantee[14] See also and amp
but below
bull alternate ndash In British English this adjective means according to OED and other sources switching between two options or similar It does not mean the same asalternative (see next) which OED specifically marks as an American meaning of alternate In international English it is thus thought better to observe the Britishdistinction then the meanings of alternative and alternate will be clear toeveryone (See meanings given at M-W the same applies to the adverbsalternately and alternatively)
bull alternative ndash Some prescriptivists argue that alternative should be used onlywhen the number of choices involved is exactly two While AHD4 allows thewords longstanding use to mean one of a number of things from which only onecan be chosen and the acceptance of this usage by many language critics it goeson to state that only 49 of its Usage panel approves of its use as in Of the threealternatives the first is the least distasteful[15] Neither M-W[16] nor RH[17]
mentions any such restriction to a choice of two Chambers qualifies its definitionas referring to strictly speaking two but often used of more than two possibilities[18]
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bull ampm ndash These are Latin abbreviations for the adverbial phrases antemeridiem (before noon) and post meridiem (after noon) Some prescriptivistsargue that they thus should not be used in English as nouns meaning morningand afternoon however such use is consistent with ordinary nominalizationfeatures of English AHD4 lists adjectival usage with an AM appointment [19]
and a PM appointment[20]
RH gives Shall we meet Saturday am[19]
withoutcomment it gives no corresponding example at pm so that usage can only beextrapolated Also the National Institute of Standards and Technology (nd)contends it is incorrect to use 12 am or 12 pm to mean either noon or midnight
bull amongamongst and between ndash The traditionalist view is that between shouldonly be used when there are only two objects for comparison and among or amongst should be used for more than two objects Most style guides anddictionaries do not support this advice saying that between can be used to refer tosomething that is in the time space or interval that separates more than two itemsM-W says that the idea that between can be used only of two items is persistent
but unfounded
[21]
and AHD4 calls it a widely repeated but unjustified tradition[22] The OED says In all senses between has been from its earliest appearanceextended to more than two[23] Chambers says It is acceptable to use between
with reference to more than two people or things although does state that among
may be more appropriate in some circumstances[24] o Undisputed usage I parked my car between the two telegraph poles
o Undisputed usage Youll find my brain between my ears
o Disputed usage The duck swam between the reeds
o Disputed usage They searched the area between the river the farmhouse
and the woodso Undisputed usage We shared the money evenly amongst the three of us
o
Disputed usage We shared the money between Tom Dick and meo Undisputed usage My house was built among the gum trees
bull amount ndash Some prescriptivists argue amount should not be substituted for number They recommend the use of number if the thing referred to is countableand amount only if it is uncountable While RH acknowledges the traditionaldistinction between amount and number it mentions that [a]lthough objected tothe use of amount instead of number with countable nouns occurs in both speechand writing especially when the noun can be considered as a unit or group (theamount of people present the amount of weapons) or when it refers to money(the amount of dollars paid the amount of pennies in the till)[25] (see also less)
o
Disputed usage I was amazed by the amount of people who visited mywebsite (With knowledge of the exact number)o Undisputed usage The number of people in the lift must not exceed 10
o Undisputed usage I was unimpressed by the amount of water consumed
by the elephant
bull and ndash Some prescriptivists argue that sentences should not begin with the wordand on the argument that as a conjunction it should only join clauses within a
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sentence AHD4 states that this stricture has been ridiculed by grammarians for decades and ignored by writers from Shakespeare to Joyce Carol Oates[26] RHstates Both and and but and to a lesser extent or and so are common astransitional words at the beginnings of sentences in all types of speech andwriting it goes on to suggest that opposition to this usage probably stems from
the overuse of such sentences by inexperienced writers[27]
ENCARTA opinesthat said opposition comes from too literal an understanding of the joiningfunction of conjunctions and states that any overuse is a matter of poor style notgrammatical correctness[28] COED calls the usage quite acceptable[29] Manyverses of the King James Bible begin with and as does William Blakes poem And did those feet in ancient time (aka Jerusalem) Fowlers Modern EnglishUsage defends this use of and Chambers states that Although it is sometimesregarded as poor style it is not ungrammatical to begin a sentence with and [30]
See also also above and but below
bull anxious ndash Some prescriptivists argue that this word should only be used in the
sense of worried or worrisome (compare anxiety) but it has been used inthe sense of eager for over 250 years 52 of AHD4s Usage Panel accepts itsuse in the sentence We are anxious to see the new show of contemporarysculpture at the museum Also it suggests that the use of anxious to mean eager
may be mild hyperbole as the use of dying in the sentence Im dying to see your new baby[31] RH states bluntly that its use in the sense of eageris fullystandard[32] M-W defines anxious as 3 ardently or earnestly wishing ltanxiousto learn moregt synonym see EAGER[33] Chambers gives 3 very eager bullanxious to do well[34]
[edit] B
bull barbaric and barbarous mdash Barbaric applies to the culture of barbarians and may be positive (barbaric splendor) barbarous applies to the behavior of barbariansand is negative (barbarous cruelty) This is standard English usage HoweverM-W equates the third meaning of barbaric with the third of barbarous thatis mercilessly harsh or cruel[35] COD11 and Chambers list savagely cruel andcruel and brutal excessively harsh or vicious[36] respectively as the first
meanings for barbaric Only AHD4 disallows this usage and without comment[37]
o Undisputed The environment of the venue was barbaric
o Undisputed Terrorism is barbarous
o Disputed Capital punishment is a disgusting barbaric measure
bull begging the question In logic begging the question is another term for petitio
principii or arguing in a circle in other words making assumptions in advanceabout the very issue in dispute Now often used to mean simply leading to thequestion
o Undisputed You argue that Christianity must be true because the Bible
says so Isnt that begging the question
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o Disputed You want to go to the theatre That begs the question which day
we should go
bull but ndash Some prescriptivists argue that if and should not be used to begin sentencesthen neither should but These words are both conjunctions thus they believe that
they should be used only to link clauses within a sentence AHD4 states that itmay be used to begin a sentence at all levels of style [38]
[edit] C
bull can and may ndash Some prescriptivists argue that can refers to possibility and may
refers to permission and insist on maintaining this distinction although usage of can to refer to permission is pervasive in spoken and very frequent in writtenEnglish M-W notes Can and may are most frequently interchangeable in sensesdenoting possibility because the possibility of ones doing something may (or can) depend on anothers acquiescence they have also become interchangeable in
the sense denoting permission The use of can to ask or grant permission has beencommon since the 19th century and is well established although somecommentators feel may is more appropriate in formal contexts May is relativelyrare in negative constructions (maynt is not common) cannot and cant are usualin such contexts[39] AHD4 echoes this sentiment of formality noting that only21 of the Usage Panel accepted can in the example Can I take another week tosubmit the application[40] For its part OED labels the use of can for may ascolloquial[41]
bull comprise ndash Comprise means to consist of A second meaning to compose or constitute is sometimes attacked by usage writers However it is supported as
sense 3 along with a usage note in M-W[42] and although AHD4 notes the usageas a usage problem its usage note says Our surveys show that opposition tothis usage is abating In the 1960s 53 percent of the Usage Panel found this usageunacceptable in 1996 only 35 percent objected[43]
o Undisputed usage The English Wikipedia comprises more than two
million articleso Disputed usage The English Wikipedia comprises of more than two
million articleso Disputed usage The English Wikipedia is comprised of more than two
million articleso Disputed usage More than two million articles comprise the English
Wikipediao Disputed usage Diatoms comprise more than 70 of all phytoplankton
o Undisputed usage Diatoms constitute more than 70 of all
phytoplanktono Disputed usage Those in the industry have mostly scoffed at the young
inexperienced Carter and the rest of the high school pals that comprise thecompany[44]
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Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] D
bull deprecate ndash The original meaning in English is deplore or express disapproval
of (the Latin from which the word derives means pray to avert evil suggestingthat some event would be a calamity) The word is now also used to mean playdown belittle or devalue a shift that some prescriptivists disapprove of as itsuggests the word is being confused with the similar word depreciate in factAHD4 states that in this sense deprecate has almost completely supplanteddepreciate however a majority of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved thissense[45] Its use with the approximate meaning to declare obsolete in computer jargon is also sometimes condemned
bull diagnose ndash Cochrane (2004) states that to diagnose [someone] with a disease isan incorrect usage of the verb diagnose which takes the physician as subject and
a disease as object (eg to diagnose cancer) In American English according toAHD4[46] and M-W[47] the sense of diagnose [someone] with a disease is listedwithout comment or tag however for its part RH does not list such a usage withor without comment For British English COD11 offers identify the medicalcondition of (someone) she was diagnosed as having epilepsy (2004) this usagehowever did not appear in editions as recently as the 1990s Chambers does notoffer this sense at all[48]
o Disputed usage Mr Smith was diagnosed with diabetes
o Undisputed usage The doctor diagnosed diabetes
bull different ndash Standard usage in both Britain and America is different from (on the
analogy of to differ from) In Britain this competes with different to (coinedon the analogy of similar to) In America it competes with different than(coined on the analogy of other than) Different to is also found in IrishAustralian and New Zealand English
o Undisputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different
from the Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different to the
Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different than
the British
bull disinterested ndash Standard usage is as a word for unbiased but some have alsorendered it synonymous with uninterested or apathetic
o Undisputed usage As their mutual best friend I tried to remain
disinterested in their argument so as not to anger eithero Disputed usage The key to attracting a member of the opposite sex is to
balance between giving attention to him or her and appearingdisinterested
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bull due to ndash The adjectival use of due to is undisputed Its adverbial use howeverhas been a subject of dispute for many years as witnessed by several (especiallyUS) dictionary usage notes that in the end designate it as standard WilliamStrunk in his Elements of style labelled the disputed adverbial use of due to asincorrect [49] Although the first (1926) edition of FOWLER condemned the
adverbial use as common only among the illiterate the third (1996) editionsaid Opinion remains sharply divided but it begins to look as if this use of due
to will form part of the natural language of the 21C as one more example of aforgotten battle Due to is frequently used in place of from for with of because
of and other prepositions Undisputed synonyms for due to are caused by andattributable to
o Disputed usage He died due to cancer (He died of cancer)
o Disputed usage Due to the end of the Second War circumstances altered
profoundly (With the end of the Second War circumstances altered profoundly)
o Disputed usage The project failed due to lack of funds (The project
failed for lack of funds) o Undisputed usage His death was due to cancer
o Undisputed usage Many thought the problem was due to mismanagement
[edit] E
bull enormity ndash Frequently used as a synonym for enormousness or immensity but traditionally means extreme wickedness According to AHD4 thisdistinction has not always occurred historically but is now supported by 59 of the dictionarys Usage Panel[50] COD11 states that enormity as a synonym for hugeness is now broadly accepted as standard English Although Chambers lists
immenseness or vastness as a meaning it says it should not be used in thatsense commenting that it is encountered often because the word enormousness isawkward it recommends using instead another word such as hugeness greatness etc[51]
o Disputed usage The enormity of the elephant astounded me
o Traditional usage The enormity of Stalins purges astounds me
[edit] F
bull farther and further ndash Many prescriptivists adhere to the rule that farther only
should refer to matters of physical distance or position while further should bereserved for usages involving time or degree (as well as undisputed descriptionsof moreover and in addition)
o Disputed usage San Jose is further from LA than Santa Barbara
o Disputed usage LA was a couple hours farther from home than I
expectedo Disputed usage If her fever increases any farther I will call the doctor
o Undisputed usage I would like to discuss the issue further at a later time
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bull fortuitously ndash Used by some interchangeably with fortunately strictly speaking fortuitousness is a reference to an occurrence depending on chance M-W notesthat use of the word in sense of fortunate has been in standard use for at least 70years and notes that the sense of coming or happening by a lucky chance isvirtually unnoticed by usage critics[52][clarification needed ]
[edit] G
bull gender ndash Gender is often used interchangeably with sex in the sense of the biological or social quality male and female It is never used to refer to sexualintercourse
o Gender traditionally refers to grammatical gender a feature in the
grammar of a number of different languages Some prescriptivists arguethat its use as a euphemism for sex is to be avoided as a genteelismFowler (p 211) says it is used either as a jocularityor a blunder
o Sex and gender can be used in different but related senses with sex
referring to biological characteristics and gender to social roles andexpectations based on sex Use of gender as interchangeable with or as areplacement for sex may confuse readers who draw this distinction See
gender identity gender role
[edit] H
bull hoi polloi ndash The question surrounding hoi polloi is whether it is appropriate to usethe article the preceding the phrase it arises because hoi is the Greek word for the in the phrase and classical purists complain that adding the makes the phrase
redundant the the common people Foreign phrases borrowed into English areoften reanalyzed as single grammatical units requiring an English article inappropriate contexts AHD4 says The Arabic element al- means the andappears in English nouns such as alcohol and alchemy Thus since no one wouldconsider a phrase such as the alcohol to be redundant criticizing the hoi polloi onsimilar grounds seems pedantic[53]
bull hopefully ndash Some prescriptivists argue this word should not be used as anexpression of confidence in an outcome however M-W classes hopefully withother words such as interestingly frankly and unfortunately (which areunremarkably used in a similar way) as disjuncts and describes this usage as
entirely standard
[54]
AHD4 however notes that opposition to this usage by their usage panels has grown from 56 to 73 despite support for similar disjuncts(such as 60 support for the use of mercifully in Mercifully the game ended before the opponents could add another touchdown to the lopsided score) AHD4opines that this opposition is not to the use of these adverbs in general but thatthis use of hopefully has become a shibboleth[55] OED lists this usage withoutany colloquial or other label other than to say Avoided by many writers[56]
See also the discussion of hopefully as a dangling modifier One investigation in
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modern corpora on Language Log revealed that outside fiction where it stillrepresents 40 of all uses (the other qualifying primarily speech and gazes)disjunct uses account for the vast majority (over 90) of all uses of the word[57]
o Disputed usage Hopefully Ill get that scholarship
o Undisputed usage The prisoner thought hopefully about the prospect for
escape when he realized the guards accidentally left his cell unlocked
Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] L
bull less ndash Some prescriptivists argue that less should not be substituted for fewer Merriam-Webster notes The traditional view is that less applies to matters of degree value or amount and modifies collective nouns mass nouns or nounsdenoting an abstract whole while fewer applies to matters of number and modifies plural nouns Less has been used to modify plural nouns since the days of King
Alfred and the usage though roundly decried appears to be increasing Less ismore likely than fewer to modify plural nouns when distances sums of moneyand a few fixed phrases are involved ltless than 100 milesgt ltan investment of less
than $2000gt ltin 25 words or lessgt and as likely as fewer to modify periods of time ltin less (or fewer ) than four hoursgt[58]
o Disputed usage This lane 12 items or less
o Undisputed usage We had fewer players on the team this season
o Undisputed usage There is less water in the tank now
bull like and as ndash Some prescriptivists object to the use of like as a conjunction statingit is rather a preposition and that only as would be appropriate in this
circumstance M-W however cites likes use as a conjunction as standard sincethe 14th century and opines that opposition to it is perhaps more heated thanrational (see M-Ws entry like [7 conjunction]) AHD4 says Writers sinceChaucers time have used like as a conjunction but 19th-century and 20th-centurycritics have been so vehement in their condemnations of this usage that a writer who uses the construction in formal style risks being accused of illiteracy or worse and recommends using as in formal speech and writing[59] OED does nottag it as colloquial or nonstandard but notes Used as conj[unction] = like asas Now generally condemned as vulgar or slovenly though examples may befound in many recent writers of standing[60] Chambers lists the conjunctive useas colloquial[61]
o Undisputed usage He is an American as am Io Undisputed usage He is an American like me
o Undisputed usage It looks as if this play will be a flop
o Undisputed usage This play looks like a flop
o Disputed usage He is an American like I am
o Disputed usage It looks like this play will be a flop
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bull literally ndash Some prescriptivists argue literally should not be used as a mereemphatic unless the thing to which it refers is actually true It is used todisambiguate a possible metaphorical interpretation of a phrase M-W does notcondemn the second use which means in effect or virtually but says the useis pure hyperbole intended to gain emphasis but it often appears in contexts
where no additional emphasis is necessary[62]
o Disputed usage The party literally went with a bang (No it did not
unless there was an actual loud noise)o Undisputed usage I literally ran more than 25 miles today I ran a
marathon
bull loan ndash The use of loan as a verb meaning to give out a loan is disputed withlend being preferred for the verb form AHD4 flatly states [t]he verb loan is wellestablished in American usage and cannot be considered incorrect[63] M-W statesloan is entirely standard as a verb[64] RH says Sometimes mistakenlyidentified as an Americanism loan as a verb meaning to lend has been used in
English for nearly 800 years it further states that objections to this use arecomparatively recent[65] Chambers defines the verb loan as to lend (especiallymoney)[66] OED merely states Now chiefly US[67] and COD11 includes themeaning without tag or comment
o Undisputed usage I lent him some money
o Undisputed usage Fill out the paperwork for a loan
o Disputed usage I loaned him some money
[edit] M
bull may and might ndash May should only be used where the event in question is still
possible not for something that was possible in the past or for a hypothetical present possibility Might is properly the past tense form of may (In similar fashion could should and would are all past tense forms for can shalland will respectively)
o Undisputed usage My brother may have gone to China last week
( perhaps he did )o Disputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother may have gone
to China last week (but he didnt )o Undisputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother might have
gone to China last weeko Disputed usage He thought it may be true (but it wasnt )
o Undisputed usage He thought it might be true
bull meet ndash Some prescriptivists state that as a transitive verb in the context to cometogether by chance or arrangement meet (as in meet (someone)) does not requirea preposition between verb and object the phrase meet with (someone) is deemedincorrect Chambers flags this usage US[68] RH allows it in the sense of to joinas for conference or instruction I met with her an hour a day until we solved the problem[69] On the other hand none of M-W AHD4 or COD11 entertains this
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usage NOTE In the sense of fulfilling prerequisites or criteria (We met with theentry requirements) or that of encountering (Our suggestions may meet with
opposition the soldiers met with machine-gun fire) the verb phrase meet with isnot in dispute
o Disputed usage I will meet with you tonight
o
Undisputed usage I will meet you tonight
bull momentarily ndash Traditionally momentarily means for a moment but its use tomean in a moment is sometimes disputed M-W[70] and RH[71] give this latter usage a standard entry without comment while OED[72] and Chambers[73] tag itNAmer AHD4 has a usage note indicating that 59 of their Usage Paneldeems this usage unacceptable[74]
o Disputed usage Your feature presentation will begin momentarily
o Undisputed usage The flash from the atom bomb momentarily lit up the
night sky
[edit] N
bull nauseous ndash Traditionally nauseous means causing nausea (synonymous withnauseating) it is commonly used now as a synonym for queasy that ishaving the feeling of nausea AHD4 notes the traditional view stating that 72 of the Usage Panel preferred nauseated over nauseous to mean affected withnausea however 88 of that same panel preferred nauseating to nauseous tomean causing nausea in other words a maximum of only 28 prefersnauseous in either case It also states that in common usage nauseous issynonymous with nauseated but deems this usage incorrect[75] M-W howeverasserts that [t]hose who insist that nauseous is an error for nauseated are
mistaken[76] Both M-W and AHD4 accept that nauseous is supplantingnauseated for feeling nausea and in turn being replaced by nauseating for causing nausea in general usage they only differ on the correctness of thechange RH states The two literal senses of nauseous [] appear in English atalmost the same time in the early 17th century and both senses are in standard useat the present time Nauseous is more common than nauseated in the senseaffected with nausea despite recent objections by those who imagine the sense to be new[77] CHAMBERS lists the sense of causing nausea first and affected withnausea second[78] while COD11 gives the affliction first and causation second both dictionaries list the entries without comment OED goes further tagging itsnauseated usage as Orig[inally] US but demoted its nauseating usage to
literary OED also notes that the original (now obsolete) sense of the word inEnglish was inclined to sickness or nausea squeamish[79] Curiously this oldestseventeenth-century meaning (inclined to nausea) while distinct from thedisputed twentieth-century usage (afflicted by nausea) more closely resemblesthe latter than it does the prescribed meaning (causing nausea)
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseous
o Disputed usage That smell is making me nauseous
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseating
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future tense (The supervisor will be back presently)[80] M-W mentions the samevintage for the sense of now and that it is not clear why it is objectionable[81]
AHD4 states that despite its use nowadays in literate speech and writing thatthere is still lingering prejudice against this use In the late 1980s only 50 of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved of the sentence General Walters is hellip
presently the United States Ambassador to the United Nations[82]
COD11 lists both usages without comment CHAMBERS merely flags the sense of now asN Amer especially US[83]
o Disputed usage I am presently reading Wikipedia
o Undisputed usage I will be finished with that activity presently
[edit] R
bull refute ndash The traditional meaning of refute is disprove or dispel with reasoned
arguments It is now often used as a synonym for deny The latter sense islisted without comment by M-W[84] and AHD4[85] while CHAMBERS tags it ascolloquial[86] COD11 states that Traditionalists object to [the use of refute asdeny] but it is now widely accepted in standard English However RH does notmention this use at all[87]
bull relatively ndash Literally meaning compared to some now use relatively to meanmoderately or somewhat AHD4 does not list this usage at all [88] M-W hasapparently blended the two usages in one[89]
o Disputed usage That man was relatively annoying
o Undisputed usage Though relatively harmless when compared to
dimethylmercury mercury (II) oxide is still quite toxic
[edit] S
bull Scotch Scots and Scottish ndash Formerly English people used Scotch whereScottish people used Scottish The current convention is as follows
o Scottish for people
o Scotch for things (especially whisky)
o Scots for institutions (Scots law Scots language)
bull
seek ndash This means look for but is used to mean try or want This usage iscriticised by Fowler in the entry Formal Words
o Disputed usage we did seek to resolve the Iraq crisis by peaceful
means those who seek to emulate his legacy of murder the Liberalsseek to undermine that future[attribution needed ]
o Undisputed usage Seek and ye shall find
[edit] T
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bull than mdash Than is the subject of a longstanding dispute as to its status as a preposition or conjunction see than For the disputed construction different thansee Different
bull they mdash Prescriptivists regard this as a plural pronoun that uses a third person
plural verb conjugation (see below they show) but the word is now commonlyused especially in speech and informal writing as a non-gender-specific third- person singular pronoun (which modern English otherwise lacks) Alternativesinclude he or she and generic he Some writers argue that generic he isgeneric (as the name implies) and thus includes both sexes Others find it sexist or too old-fashioned The pronouns you or one can be used in some sentences
o Disputed usage A person is rude if they show no respect for their hosts
o Undisputed usage One is rude if one shows no respect for ones hosts
o Undisputed usage It is rude not to show respect for hosts
o Undisputed usage Many people have told me that they are satisfied with
their food
bull thusly mdash Thusly (AHD4 suggests) was originally coined by educated writers tomake fun of uneducated persons trying to sound genteel[90] Thusly howeverdiffused into popular usage Some people accept it as an adverb in its own rightwhile others believe thus should be used in all cases The word thusly appearswith no associated usage notes in M-W[91] COD11 tags it as informal with theentry thus tagged as literary or formal CHAMBERS does not list the word atall and it is unknown in British usage[92]
[edit] U
bull unique ndash Some prescriptivists argue that unique only means sole or unequaled (British spelling unequalled) but most dictionaries give a thirdmeaning unusual which can be qualified by very or somewhat as in Thetheme of the party was somewhat unique see comparison Almost unique isuniversally acceptable[citation needed ]
[edit] W
bull
whilst and while mdash Penguin Working Words recommends while only and notesthat whilst is old-fashioned Cambridge Guide to English Usage and M-WsWebsters Guide to English Usage comment on its regional character and notethat it is rare in American usage It is thus safer to use only while in internationalEnglish (See the article While for further sources deprecating the use of whilst and cautioning about uses of while)
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bull who mdash Some prescriptivists argue that who should be used only as a subject pronoun the corresponding object pronoun being whom Strictly speakingusing who instead of whom is substituting a subjective pronoun for an objective pronoun and hence is the same as using she instead of her (eg I talked to she
today) Most people never use whom in spoken English and instead use who for
all cases Those who use whom in everyday speech may recognize substitution of who as substandard FOWLER has an extensive entry on who and whom
including several quotes from major publications where whom is used incorrectlyo Undisputed usage You are talking to whom
o Disputed usage You are talking to who
o Undisputed usage To whom are you talking
o Disputed usage To who are you talking
o Disputed usage far more hostile to Diana whom she believes betrayed
the Prince of WalesmdashIndependent Mag 1993 (FOWLER)o Undisputed usage far more hostile to Diana who she believes betrayed
the Prince of Wales
o Disputed usage Whom do men say that I am (Mark 927 King JamesVersion)
bull whoever mdash This extension of who (see above) along with its object formwhomever is attended by the same uncertainties as who along with whom and isdiscussed in the same sources (See the relevant section at Who)
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever wants it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever you think should have it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whomever you choose to give it
o Disputed usage Give it to whoever you choose to give it to
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever wants it
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever you think should have it
Module - Pair work - Asking questions to yourpartner
Hey
with Group 2 we first talked a little about food at the beginning of the class as awarm up And here is what we said
to be written by Franc
Then today was the first day that we worked in pairs You had to find informationabout superhero characters asking questions to your partner
Here are the two worksheets if you still need to complete them
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW you need to be able to speak about the picture of a super hero + speak about
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their story + give the common points between all the super heroes presented Yourpresentation will last about 3 to 5 minutes You can send me some drafts (brouillon)if neededBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - Tale LV2
Southern Trees - beginning of the study
Hey
today we first warmed up about your future jobs while waiting for those who werelate Here is what you said
I would like to become an architect when I leave highschool (Selma)I want to study law to be a lawyer maybe ( Jeacuterocircme)
Structures WANT TO WOULD LIKE TO -- Attention aux noms de meacutetiers quisont preacuteceacutedeacutes de larticle aan
Then we did a quick recap about what Jim Crow laws used to be Here is what wesaid
bull Jim Crow Laws
These were laws about racial segregation until the end of the 1960sBlacks were not allowed to go to school with Whites
Blacks were not allowed to attend school with WhitesBlacks were forbidden to live together there were separate water
fountains rest rooms or entrances at restaurantsThey were prohibited to sit at the front of a bus
bull KKK(1865-)
white Protestantssupremacy of the white race
white costumesterrorism and violence to oppress Blacks
Finally we listened to the text and we started our general comprehesion by
highlighting the important information about the type of document the places thetime Here is what we wrote
bull Text Southern Trees
- type of doc extract from the autobiographic novel of Billie Holliday- who Billie Holliday Lewis Allen piano player of Billie Pop audience bitch
- where in New-York at Cafe Society on 52nd Street Miami Los Angeles
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- when published in 1956
HW you need to finish answering the usual wh- questions about the text (inparticular about the feelings of the characters involved) You also need to divide thetext into 2 parts give them a title and justify your titles
NB you will have a vocabulary test next week with the words from the lesson andthe words from the tool box p 53 You may also have a test about the text andabout racial discrimination in the US on Wednesday It will depend on how far we areinto the study of the document Southern TreesBy English Prof
Enter comment - View comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Spiderman - Page 3
This morning with the whole class we first warmed up with why I was a little late inclass Here is what we wrote
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
Then we studied the last page from Spiderman
There was a secretary for each person that spoke about a panel Here are the notesthat we took while they were speaking
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
HW you will be able to speak about the document at the beginning of the class in arow (dun seul trait )You can download the last page here
By English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Oral tests about picture presentation + Lastsuperhero activity in pair work
Hey
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today in module I asked you to speak about the picture p 152 that you had tocomment You need to improve your analysis Ill be asking other students next timeagain
Here is an example of presentation Its not perfect but its a rather good one
The document is a picture where there are two parts In the first part wecan see a white family at the bottom who is sitting in a garden They looksurprised and they are looking at the second family who feels happy and
impressed Contrary to the white family they are standing and clad with
their traditional dress Its a black family
To me the scene takes place in the USA and the goal of this picture is todenounce discrimination which treats people differently in society
The photographer aims at criticizing segregation In this photo theseparation is represented by the fence which is separating Africans from
Americans Segregation in the 20th century in America was when the Blacksand the Whites couldnt blend
To my mind this picture is a good representation of discrimination MartinLuther King and Rosa Park are the symbols of this conflict When I see somepeople wanted to change society and make people aware of these
inequalities through paintings photos speeches or parades Im grateful tothem
The picture attains its objective I like this photo because it denounces very
well the implicit problems of American society in the 20th century(by Rochella D)
Group 2 then we started a new activity about grammar on how to differentiatebetween Present Simple and Present Be + ing
You may download the documents hereyet to be uploaded
Group 1 Then we started a new activity that was initially designed by MissFernandes a colleague in the academy of Caen We first described the pictures of the superheroes
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW You need to finish the description of each picture and prepare the questions toask to your partner about the missing elements in your worksheetBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareMonday 16 november 2009
- Posted in For Fun
The Prisoner - New Series - Trailer
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A new American series that you will probably LOVE Here is the trailer Looks andsounds fantastic
Exprimer le conseil en anglais
Today after taking a test on Body beauty and body parts (phonetics included) wespoke about superstitions on Friday the 13th And we discovered that Jonathansgrand-ma was extremely supersticious and that some of you believed in supernaturalthings too like Juliette who thinks her mother can read her mind or Camille RL whois sure what she says sometimes comes true Beware of the other Camille T whohas got a black cat She is certainly a witch and she may transform us all intopiglets Just kidding of course )
Here is what we said about superstitions
Today is a special day
On Friday the 13th people who are superstitious believe something terribly
bad or something awesome will happen to them
Examples of supertisions- you shouldnt be 13 around a table
- you shouldnt walk under a ladder- you shouldnt meet a black cat
- you shouldnt break a mirror- you shouldnt celebrate a birthday before
- you should wear a rabbit leg- you shouldnt walk on a line in the street
- you shouldnt cross your legs- you should touch wood when you say something bad
- you shouldnt put hats or shoes on a bed- you shouldnt open your umbrella inside
- you shouldnt put the bread upside down
Remember to express advice there are 3 very simple structures
bull should shouldnt + V
bull had better had better not + V bull ought to ought not to + V
Chocircmage unemployment
Embaucher to hire
bull by + V+ ing au moyen de en + V+ ingbull to + V pour + V (le but)
leisure loisirshigh ndash loweacuteleveacute ndash bas
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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ecirctre oblige de to have to + Vto lead to entraicircnerhuge immense= The work-week la semaine de travailIn France the 35 hours-work week was decided and implemented in the 1990rsquos by asocialist government ( Mrs Aubry)
Exercice de traduction 1) Les employeacutes doivent faire des heures suppleacutementairesEmployees must do long hoursEmployees have to do long hours2) Il y a de nombreuses faccedilons de trouver du travailThere are a lot of ways to find work3) Lrsquoimmense augmentation des reacuteseaux sociaux permettent aux gens decommuniquer drsquoavantageThe huge increase of social networks enables people to communicate more4) Le travail suppleacutementaire entraicircne des problegravemes de santeacute pour les hommessurmeneacutes
bull Homebull Mail
bull Photos
bull Music
bull Games + Apps
bull More
o SMS Groups
o Sawaal
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o Free SMS
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Sign Up Sign In
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Home raquo Education raquo Exams Education ampReferences raquo Question
thornyuml
thornyuml
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I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i mDoing for Improve my english give me your best idea
Asked in Exams Education amp References at 1200 PM on October 09 2008
Tags english idea
This question is closedReport abuse
ntn jainProfile | QampA
Rate this 00
bull Latest Answers(4)
Sort by Latest | Oldest | Top-rated
English is best improved by practice and also by taking a small course to improve grammar and communication skillsThe key to practice is to read newspapers magazines and books almost regularly You can also start talking andexpressing yourself in English with your peers friends and (if possible) relatives
Writing in English is a good habit that will strengthen your expression skills as well In case you complete this all-round approach I am sure you will do well All the best
Answered by Idle Mind an ibibo Master at 409 PM on October 13 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Idle MindProfile | QampA
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you can
Answered by Rachana an ibibo Citizen at 106 PM on October 11 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
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RachanaProfile | QampA
well ntn
its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming
future n ways ntn some tips from my side that will help yu improve yu ur english are
i Observe the mouth movements of those who speak English well and try to imitate them
When you are watching television observe the mouth movements of the speakers Repeat what they are saying whileimitating the intonation and rhythm of their speech
ii Until you learn the correct intonation and rhythm of English slow your speech down
If you speak too quickly and with the wrong intonation and rhythm native speakers will have a hard timeunderstanding you
Dont worry about your listener getting impatient with your slow speech -- it is more important that everything you say be understood
iii Listen to the music of English
Do not use the music of your native language when you speak English Each language has its own way of singing
iv Use the dictionary
Try and familiarise yourself with the phonetic symbols of your dictionary Look up the correct pronunciation of wordsthat are hard for you to say
v Make a list of frequently used words that you find difficult to pronounce and ask someone who speaks the languagewell to pronounce them for you
Record these words listen to them and practice saying them Listen and read at the same time
vi Buy books on tape
Record yourself reading some sections of the book Compare the sound of your English with that of the person readingthe book on the tape
vii Pronounce the ending of each word
Pay special attention to S and ED endings This will help you strengthen the mouth muscles that you use when youspeak English
viii Read aloud in English for 15-20 minutes every day
Research has shown it takes about three months of daily practice to develop strong mouth muscles for speaking a newlanguage
ix Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation mistakes
Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice and avoid listening to themselves speak However this is a veryimportant exercise because doing it will help you become conscious of the mistakes you are making
x Be patient
You can change the way you speak but it wont happen overnight People often expect instant results and give up toosoon You can change the way you sound if you are willing to put some effort into it
GOOD LUCK
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Answered by Anant-- an ibibo Master at 133 PM on October 09 2008
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Anant--Profile | QampA
BEST WAY ACCORDING TO ME IS READ DAILY ENGLISH NEWSPAPER IF U COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY ONE OXFORD DICTIONARY AND REFER MEANINGS AND IFU COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY MEANINGS CONVERSION OF ENGLISH TO UR MOTHER TONGUE THIS MAY TAKESOME TIME THERE WILL BE SOME IMPROVEMENT IN JUST 1 MONTH BETTER READ HINDU OR TIMES OF INDIAALL THE BEST
Answered by gyaneshwar an ibibo Citizen at 1258 PM on October 09 2008
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gyaneshwar Profile | QampA
Related Search
Meri english bahot hi weak haimain apni english kaise strong kar sakta hoonkis tarah fluentlyenglish bol sakta hoon
dearthe simple way to improve you english is to particehave you ever heard of the saying Parctise makes a man perfect so even when you you commit mistake try to learn from the mistake and rectify themand simple start askingquestion to people in Englishand if you want yo learn english donot fell embrace in the front of anyone and alsotry to read TIMES OF INDIAN
Posted in Self Development by naqeeb ahmar at 758 PM on March 17 2008Tags meri english bahot weak apni kaise strong sakta tarah fluently hoon
how to improve english plese tell me
to compose simple sentences in your mind when you are alone Stick on the idea you want to convey rather than thegrammar Speak to the native English speakers if possible Chatt with those in internet SearchI dont know the level of your english if you have basics the fun way of learning are english comics cartoon network in english or any english
movies comics will help you in speaking good english
Posted in Love amp Romance by Shiva Singh at 1015 PM on September 24 2008Tags improve english plese
How can i improve my Enlish speaking and writing both
their meanings and use them in your convesationListen to english newsFor writing read the books on letters essaysand storiesslowly you will get the idea of using english in your convenienceFinally findDear Ashok It is good you
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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want to improve your English First and foremost thing you need is YOU All you need to do is give quality time notthe quantity Do make a conscious effort and smart work
Posted in Self Development by ashok sharma at 626 AM on October 14 2008Tags improve enlish writing
how to use GPRS in china made mob prince A960
here most of gprs settings for most of mobile service operator India to enter in your phone mannulay Here you havemanual gprs settings for vodafone hutch idea airtel bsnl airtel live airtel mobile you can enter in your phone andconfigure mannuallyManual Idea gprs Settings1 Account Name - ideaGPRS2 Username - leave Blank3 Password -leave Blank4 Homepage - httpwapideafreshcom5
Posted in Computers amp Technology by vivek soni at 145 AM on June 13 2008Tags gprs help china mad mob
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i m Doing for Improve my englishgive me your best idea
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the
pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you canwell ntn its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming future n ways ntn some tips from my sidethat will help yu improve yu ur english are i Observe
Posted in Exams Education amp References by ntn jain at 939 PM on October 13 2008Tags want improve english improve best
what is html
they want Text is what you will use English letters just like you use everyday Markup is what you will do You willwrite in plain English and then mark up what you wrote Language Some may argue that technically html is a code
but you write html in plain everyday English languageHi RockyHTML is the code behind your webpage and is whatyour browser looks for to display a webpage the way the webdesigner
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Rocky at 258 PM on May 07 2008Tags html
how I improve my english speech
and be confidentYOU CAN DOWNLOAD A LOT OF SOFTWARES FROM INTERNET IT REALLY HELPSAND ANOTHER IDEA IS TO WATCH ENGLISH CHANNELS LIKE METRO NATION NDTV GOOD TIMESAND DONT FORGET TO WATCH NDTV DISCUSSIONSget to c more english movie join times classes on english
they improvise a lotEnglish can be improved by reading booksnewspaper by discussionsThese are certain tips toimprove english
Posted in Counselling by sagar gawde at 803 PM on February 14 2008Tags improve english speech
What is the best way to enhance skills in English Which is most best website which can help tolearn English from basic to a very high class
will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin thinking in English Listening to Native Speakers as Much asPossible is the good idea to enhance your English language skills Here are someFirst of all be motivated become a
person who likes to learn English Using as many different sources methods and tools as possible will allow you tolearn faster There are many different ways
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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Posted in Self Development by RAVINDRA at 644 PM on October 03 2008Tags best enhance skills website help learn english basic high
Who created the first mouse
to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThe first marketed integrated mouseshipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came from the resemblance of earlymodels which had a cord attached to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThefirst marketed integrated mouse shipped as a part
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Aryan Gusain at 212 PM on July 02 2008Tags created first mouse
Do you have any idea for FRANKLYN INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGE Its a spoken English Institutewhich gives Job Guarantee if anyone knows plz let me know
190A Maniktolla Main Road Kolkata-54 phone no 91-33-32401558 91-33-32428200 frankylnkkghotmailcomhi poonamur question gives an idea dat ur command on english is nt poor why u r lookingYou have heard rightFRANKLYN offers spoken english courses and there is also a lot of students pursuing courses there
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull adverse and averse Adverse means unfavorable contrary or hostile Averse
means having a strong feeling of opposition antipathy or repugnanceo Standard They sailed despite adverse weather conditions
o Standard He was averse to taking his medicine
o Non-standard He is not adverse to having a drink now and then
bull affect and effect The verb affect means to influence something and the nouneffect means the result of Effect can also be a verb that means to cause[something] to be while affect as a noun has technical meanings in psychologymusic and aesthetic theory an emotion or subjectively experienced feeling Adevice to remember when trying to decide which is the right choice If somethingaffects you it usually has an effect on you
o Standard This poem affected me so much that I cried
o Standard Temperature has an effect on reaction spontaneity
o Standard The dynamite effected the walls collapse
o Standard He seemed completely devoid of affect
o Non-standard The rain effected our plans for the dayo Non-standard We tried appeasing the rain gods but to no affect
bull aggravate and mitigate Aggravate means to make worse Mitigate means tomake less bad Mitigating factor refers to something that affects someonescase by lessening the degree of blame not anything that has any effect at all
bull algorithm and logarithm An algorithm is a sequence of instructions often usedfor calculation and processing data A logarithm is a mathematical function thatindicates for a given base the power (ie exponent) to which the base must beraised to produce that number
o Standard The manager developed an algorithm by which he coulddetermine which candidate would best meet the needs of the company
o Standard The pH is equivalent to the negative logarithm of the
concentration of hydrogen ions in solution Thus a solution of pH 62 willhave an [H+] concentration of 10minus62 molL
bull allusion illusion and hallucination An allusion is an indirect or metaphoricalreference to something an illusion is a false picture of something that is there ahallucination is the seeing of something that is not there
bull alternative and alternate An alternative (noun) is secondary option to alternate
(verb) is to go back and forth between two stateso Standard Green would be a good alternative to red
o Standard She alternated between love and hate
o Non-standard Are there are alternate choices
bull anticipate to act in advance of an expected event and expect to regard as likely
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull appraise and apprise To appraise is to assess or value something to apprise isto teach or inform
o Standard His performance was appraised very positively
o Standard I lost no time in apprising her of the situation
o Non-standard Has he been appraised of the fact
bull assume to suppose to be true especially without proof and presume to take for granted as being true in the absence of proof to the contrary Presume can alsomean take excessive liberties as in the adjective form presumptuous
o Standard They had assumed that they were alone so they were surprised
when they heard a third voice join their songo Standard Doctor Livingstone I presume
bull assure ensure and insure To assure is to intend to give the listener confidenceto ensure is to make certain of and to insure is to purchase insurance
o Standard I assure you that I will have your car washed by the time you
returno Standard When you mow the lawn ensure there are no foreign objects in
the grasso Standard I plan to purchase the collision policy when I insure my car
[edit] B to D
bull bifurcate Bifurcate means to segregate or divide into two parts Not as a stand-infor more than one
bull cache and cachet A cache (IPA kaeligʃ) is a storage place from which items may
be quickly retrieved A cachet (IPA kaeligˈʃ eɪ) is a seal or mark such as a waxseal on an envelope or a mark of authenticity on a product Note that cachet isusually used figuratively to mean marked by excellence distinction or superiority
o Standard The pirates buried a cache of jewels near the coast
o Standard Living in New York City definitely has a certain cachet
o Non-standard If your web browser is running slowly try emptying the
cachet
bull cant and cant Cant is a contraction of cannot Cant has a number of differentmeanings including a slope or slant or a kind of slang or jargon spoken by a
particular group of people Canting arms is a coat-of-arms that representsmeaning of the bearers surname
o Standard I cant understand the dialogue in this book because it is written
in canto Standard Heralds do not pun they cant[1]
o Non-standard I cant swim I have never taken lessons
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull complementary and complimentary Things or people that go together well arecomplementary (ie they complete each other) whereas complimentary refers toa bonus gift or giving someone praise
o Standard Orange and blue are complementary colors
o Standard This sales item comes with a complimentary gift
o Standard Jane was very complimentary about your new home
Similarly a complement is an accessory while a compliment is a statement of admiration
bull concession A concession stand gets its name from the fact that the operator hastypically been granted a contract known as a concession to operate the stand Itis non-standard to refer to the items sold at concession stands as concessions
bull contiguous continual and continuous Contiguous means touching or adjoining in space continual means repeated in rapid succession continuous
means uninterrupted (in time or space)o Standard Alaska is not one of the forty-eight contiguous states
o Standard The field was surrounded by a continuous fence
o Standard The continuous murmur of the stream
o Standard His continual interruptions are very irritating
bull contingent and contingency As a noun a contingent is a representative group acontingency is a possible event
o Standard The explorers were prepared for every contingency
o Standard He was a member of the California contingent at the
convention
o Non-standard He was greeted by a contingency from the school board
bull crotch and crutch A crotch is an area where something branches or forks off in 2directions or the area on a persons body where the legs fork from the trunk (commonly interchanged with groin) A crutch is a device that assists motionespecially one that sits under the armpit or something that supports often usednegatively to indicate that it is not needed and causes an unhealthful dependency
bull diffuse and defuse To diffuse is to disperse randomly whereas to defuse is toremove the fuse from a bomb or in general to render a situation less dangerous Diffuse can also be used as an adjective meaning not concentrated
o Standard The situation was defused when Sandy explained that he wasgay and had no interest in Franks wife
o Standard The smell of gasoline slowly diffused into the still air of the
hallo Standard The spotlights were turned off leaving the stage lit by the
diffuse glow of the lanterns
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull dilemma which really means for one to be faced with a bifurcation in choice andnot simply a problem as is commonly alleged
bull disassemble and dissemble To disassemble means to dismantle (eg to take amachine code program apart to see how it works) to dissemble means to tell
lies
bull disburse and disperse Disburse means to give out especially money Disperse
means to scatter
bull discreet and discrete Discrete means having separate parts as opposed tocontiguous Discreet means circumspect
bull disinterested and uninterested To be disinterested in something means to not be biased about something (ie to have no personal stake in a particular side of anissue) To be uninterested means to not be interested in or intrigued by something
o
Standard As their good friend I tried to mediate their argument in adisinterested manner so as not to anger eithero Standard Though his initial reaction suggested otherwise he maintains
that he remains uninterested in the business propositiono Non-standard The key to attracting a member of the opposite sex is to
balance between giving attention to him or her and appearingdisinterested
bull dissect and bisect Bisect means to cut into two dissect means to cut apart both literally and figuratively Disect is an archaic word meaning to separate bycutting but has not been in common use since the 17th century
o
Standard We dissected the eye of a bull in biology class todayo Standard She dissected Smiths dissertation pointing out scores of errors
o Standard The Americas are bisected by the Panama canal
o Non-standard We bisected the eye of a bull in biology class today
[edit] E to H
bull economic and economical Economic means having to do with the economy Economical means financially prudent frugal and also figuratively in the sensesparing use (of time language etc) [2]
o Standard Buying in bulk can often be the most economical choice
o Standard The actor should be economical in his use of movemento Standard He attended the School of Economic and Business Sciences
o Non-standard Leading economical indicators suggest that a recession
may be on the horizono Non-standard The actor should be economic in his use of movement
bull eg and ie The abbreviation eg stands for the Latin exempli gratiā for example and should be used when the example(s) given are just one or a few of
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 741
many The abbreviation ie stands for the Latin id est that is and is used to givethe only example(s) or to otherwise qualify the statement just made
o Standard A Briton is a British citizen eg John Lennon
o Standard Tolkiens The Hobbit is named after its protagonist ie Bilbo
Baggins
o Non-standard A Briton is a British citizen ie Paul McCartney (at thelast count there were about 60 million BritonsmdashSir Paul is far from being
the only one)
bull emigration and immigration Emigration is the process of leaving a countryimmigration is the process of arriving in a countrymdashin both cases indefinitely
o Standard Ethnic communities such as Little Italy were created by people
emigrating from their home countries
bull eminent preeminent imminent and immanent Eminent originally meaningemerging means illustrious or highly-regarded Preeminent means most
highly-regarded Imminent means about to occur Immanent (less common thanthe other two and often theological) means indwelling pervadingo Standard The eminent doctor Jones testified on behalf of the defence
o Standard Rumours that war was imminent soon spread through the
populationo Standard Gods grace is immanent throughout the entire creation
bull exacerbate and exasperate Exacerbate means to make worse Exasperate
means to exhaust usually someones patienceo Standard Treatment by untrained personnel can exacerbate injuries
o Standard Do not let Jack talk to the state trooper he is tactless and will
just exasperate her
bull flesh and flush To flesh out is to add flesh to a skeleton or metaphorically to addsubstance to an incomplete rendering To flush out is to cause game fowl to taketo flight or to frighten any quarry from a place of concealment
o Standard The forensic pathologist will flesh out the skull with clay
o Standard The beaters flushed out the game with drums and torches
o Non-standard This outline is incomplete and must be flushed out
bull flounder and founder To flounder is to be clumsy confused indecisive or toflop around like a fish out of water A flounder is also a type of flatfish To
founder is to fill with water and sinko Standard The ship is damaged and may founder
o Standard She was floundering on the balance beam
o Non-standard The ship is damaged and may flounder
bull flout and flaunt One flouts a rule or law by flagrantly ignoring it One flaunts
something by showing it offo Standard If you have it flaunt it
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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o Standard He continually flouted the speed limit
o Non-standard If you have it flout it
o Non-standard He continually flaunted the speed limit
bull hay and straw Hay is a grassy plant used as animal fodder Straw is the dry stalk
of a cereal plant (eg barley oats rice rye) after the grain or seed has beenremoved it is used to line an animals stall or for insulation
bull hang To hang something or someone in the present tense one uses the sameform In the past however pictures are hung and criminals are hanged
bull hangar and hanger The aeroplane is in the hangar the coat is on the hanger
bull historic and historical In strict usage historic describes an event of importance mdashone that shaped history or is likely to do so Historical merely describessomething that happened in the past
o Standard The president made a(n) historic announcement (Theannouncement was of historical importance)
o Non-standard The office kept an archive of historic records (The records
are not necessarily of historical importancemdashthey are simply records fromthe past)
bull hoard and horde A hoard is a store or accumulation of things A horde is a largegroup of people
o Standard A horde of shoppers lined up to be the first to buy the new
gizmoo Standard He has a hoard of discontinued rare cards
o Non-standard Do not horde the candy share ito Non-standard The hoard charged when the horns sounded
[edit] I to J
bull imply and infer Something is implied if it is a suggestion intended by the personspeaking whereas a conclusion is inferred if it is reached by the person listening
o Standard When Tony told me he had no money he was implying that I
should give him someo Standard When Tony told me he had no money I inferred that I should
give him some
o Non-standard When Tony told me he had no money he was inferring thatI should give him some
bull inherent and inherit A part inherent in X is logically inseparable from X Toinherit is a verb meaning pass down a generation
o Standard Risk is inherent in the stock market
o Standard The next president inherits a legacy of mistrust and fear
o Non-standard There is violence inherit in the system
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull its and its Its is a contraction that replaces it is or it has (see apostrophe) Its isthe possessive determiner corresponding to it meaning belonging to it
o Standard Its time to eat (it is time)
o Standard Its been nice getting to meet you (it has been)
o Standard My cell phone has poor reception because its antenna is broken
o Non-standard Its good to be the kingo Non-standard The bicycle tire had lost all of its pressure
bull irony Something is ironic if it is the opposite of what is appropriate expected or fitting
o Standard It is ironic that the center for the handicapped has no wheelchair
rampo Standard It is ironic that Alanis Morissette wrote a song called Ironic
with many examples not one of which is actually ironico Non-standard It is ironic that George W Bush is right-handed and
Republican while Bill Clinton is left-handed and Democratic
o Non-standard It is raining on our wedding day Is it not ironic
bull isle and aisle An isle is an island An aisle is corridor through which one may pass from one place to another
o Standard He came from a small isle in the Caribbean
o Standard The coffee is down the third aisle on the left
[edit] K to L
bull lay (lay laid laid laying ) and lie (lie lay lain lying ) are often usedsynonymously Lay is a transitive verb meaning that it takes an object To lay
something means to place something Lie on the other hand is intransitive andmeans to recline (and also to tell untruths but in this case the verb is regular andcauses no confusion) The distinction between these related verbs is further blurred by the fact that past tense of lie is lay An easy rule of thumb is to replacethe words with sit and set If sit makes sense (eg sit down) then lie should beused (lie down) If the sentence works with set (eg set the book on the table) thenlay should be used (lay the book on the table) To lie can also mean to not tell thetruth - but in that case the past tense is lied A layoff is never a lieoff or lyoff
o Standard I lay my husbands work clothes out for him every morning
Yesterday I decided to see if he paid attention to what I was doing so Ilaid out one white sock and one black He did not notice
o Standard You should not lie down right after eating a large mealYesterday I lay on my bed for half an hour after dinner and sufferedindigestion as a result My wife saw me lying there and made me get upshe told me that if I had waited for a couple of hours I could have laindown in perfect comfort
o Standard You lied to me there is no hidden chamber
o Non-standard Is this bed comfortable when you lay on it (Should be lie)
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o Non-standard Yesterday I lied down in my office during the lunch hour
(Should be lay)o Non-standard There was no reason for him to have laid down in the
middle of the path it unnerved me to see him laying there saying nothing(Should be have lain down and him lying there)
o Non-standard Lie the baby down and change his diaper (Should be layas lie is intransitive)
o Non-standard It could be easy for those guys to lay down After I left
they could have just laid down[3] o Non-standard I am going to lay out in the sun and work on my tan
(Should be lie In general the term lay out when referring to sunbathing isalways non-standard usage)
o Non-standard Sorry I lay about our appointment yesterday (Should be
lied )o Non-standard You should not lay down right after eating a large meal
Yesterday I lied on my bed for half an hour after dinner and suffered
indigestion as a result My wife saw me laying there and made me get upshe told me that if I had waited for a couple of hours I could have lied
down in perfect comfort (Should be lie lay lying and lain)
bull levee and levy A levee is a structure built along a river to raise the height of its banks thereby preventing nearby land from flooding (see dike) To levy is toimpose (1) a tax fine or other assessment or (2) a military draft as a noun a levy
is an assessment or army thus gathered The two words share a common root butthey are not considered interchangeable in Standard English Because they arehomophones misuse is usually only apparent when observed in writing
o Standard The Netherlands is well known for its elaborate system of
leveeso Standard This statute allows the state to levy a 3 tax
o Non-standard Recent storms have weakened the levy
bull literally[4] A term used to emphasize that a statement is not metaphoricalfigurative or hyperbolic It is also commonly misused as an intensifier for metaphorical figurative or hyperbolic statements
o Standard The mayor is literally a convicted felon
o Non-standard The mayor is literally robbing us blind with this new tax
bull loathe and loath or loth Loathe is a verb meaning to strongly dislike and loath
or loth means unwilling or reluctanto Standard I loathe arrogant people
o Standard I was loath to concede defeat
o Standard I was loth to submit to a body-cavity search until I saw who
would be administering it
bull lose and loose Lose can mean fail to win misplace or cease to be in possession Loose can mean the opposite of tight or the opposite of tighten Lose
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is often misspelled loose likely because lose has an irregular rhyme for the way itis spelled it is more common for words ending -ose to rhyme -əʊz like nose or rose but lose rhymes -u zː like news or confuse This may cause poor spellers toguess the correct spelling should match another -u z rhyming word likeː choosealthough choose is itself also an exception to the regular rhyme for words ending
-oose (typically such words including loose rhyme -u sː
like goose or caboose)o Standard We cannot afford to lose customers to our competitors
o Standard A screw is loose and I need a screwdriver to tighten it
o Non-standard If the team cannot score any points they will loose the
game
[edit] M
bull macerate marinate and marinade (From post-classical Latin marina brineshort for classical Latin aqua marina sea water)[5] In Standard English marinade
is a noun and not a verb marinate is the verb Macerate means to soften by
steeping in a liquid and in culinary terminology is used for non-protein itemsspecifically fruit [5] The word macerate is also used in science to soften bonerock etc in a liquid[5]
o Standard The meat will taste better if you marinate it in olive oil before
cookingo Standard Prepare the marinade by mixing vinegar and soy sauce
o Non-standard Marinade the meat in wine for half an hour
o Standard Macerate the fruit in wine for half an hour
o Non-standard Marinate the fruit in wine for half an hour
bull me myself and I In a traditional prescriptive grammar I is used only as a
subject me is used only as an object and myself is used only as a reflexive objectthat is to say when the subject is I and the object would otherwise be meMyself is often used incorrectly often in a form of hypercorrection Like the other reflexive pronouns myself should be used only when both the subject and objectof the verb are the speaker or as an emphatic pronoun (intensifier )
o Standard Jim and I took the train
o Standard He lent the books to Jim and me
o Standard That is I in the picture (This is very formal and seldom found
in speech)o Acceptable That is me in the picture (This is typical in informal English)
o Standard (intensifying) I myself have seen instances of that type
o Standard (reflexive) I hurt myself I did it to myself I played by myself Iwant to enjoy myself
o Non-standard Jim and me went into town
o Non-standard Me and Jim went into town
o Non-standard As for myself I prefer the red
o Non-standard He is an American like myself
o Non-standard He gave the paper to Jim and myself
o Non-standard My wife and myself do not like the development
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o Non-standard I wake upWith my eyes shut tightHoping tomorrow will
never comeFor you and I (Should be For you and me) (From You AndI Part II by Fleetwood Mac)
bull mitigate and militate To mitigate is to make something milder To militate is to
fight or exert pressure for something to happen or not to happeno Standard The seriousness of your crime was mitigated by the provocation
you were undero Standard Over-protective practices in this factory militate against
increased efficiencyo Non-standard Over-protective practices in this factory mitigate against
increased efficiency
[edit] N to R
bull novice and novitiate A novice is a prospective or trainee member of a religious
order The novitiate is the state of being a novice or the time for which one is anovice However a novice monk or nun is often incorrectly described as anovitiate (perhaps confused with initiate)
bull of and have In some dialects of spoken English of and the contracted form of have ve sound alike However in standard written English they are notinterchangeable
o Standard Susan would have stopped to eat but she was running late
o Standard You could have warned me
o Non-standard I should of known that the store would be closed (Should
be I shouldve known)
bull overestimate and underestimate There is frequent confusion between thingsthat cannot and should not be overunderestimated though the meanings areopposite
o Standard The damage caused by pollution cannot be overestimated (ie it
is so enormous that no estimate however high is excessive)o Standard The damage caused by pollution should not be underestimated
(ie it is wrong to regard it as minor)o Non-standard The damage caused by pollution cannot be underestimated
(literal meaning it is so minimal that no estimate is too small Intendedmeaning one of the previous two)
bull past and passed Past refers to events that have previously occurred while passed is the past tense of to pass whether in a congressional action or a physical occurrence
o Standard Congress passed the bill limiting the powers of the President
o Standard History is mainly concerned with the events of the past
o Non-standard He past my house on his way to the store
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bull peremptory and preemptive A peremptory act or statement is absolute it cannot be denied A preemptive action is one taken before an adversary can act
o Standard He issued a peremptory order
o Standard Preemptive air strikes stopped the enemy from launching the
new warship
bull perpetrate and perpetuate To perpetrate something is to commit it while to perpetuate is something is to cause it to continue or to keep happening
o Standard The gang perpetrated outrages against several citizens
o Standard The stories only serve to perpetuate the legend that the house is
haunted
bull perquisite and prerequisite Perquisite usually means an extra allowance or privilege Prerequisite means something required as a condition
o Standard He had all the perquisites of a movie star including a stand-in
o Standard Passing the examination was one of the prerequisites for a
teaching position
bull perspective and prospective Perspective is a view with correct visual anglesexample parallel railway tracks converging in the distance Prospective is afuture possibility or expectation
bull perspicuity and perspicacity If something is perspicuous it is easily understoodits meaning is obvious If one is perspicacious then one is quick to understand or has good insight
o Standard I admired her perspicacity she just seemed to get it so much
better than I
o Standard He expressed the idea so perspicuously that anyone couldunderstand
o Non-standard She spoke in a perspicacious way
bull peruse means to read or examine very carefully but is sometimes usederroneously when the exact opposite is meant to read superficially to glanceover quickly to skim
bull photogenic and photographic The former is to be used to mean someoneslikeness is particularly amenable to being well photographed The latter isanything pertaining to photography whether it is technical eg photographic
chemical or equipment or generic eg photographic journals
bull prescribe and proscribe To prescribe something is to command or recommendit To proscribe somebody or something is to outlaw him her or it
bull progeny and prodigy Progeny are offspring or things that follow something elseA prodigy is a genius or a marvelous example of something
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bull Quartary and quaternary Quartary (from Latin quartarius) is the fourthmember of an ordinal number word series beginning with (primary secondarytertiary) and continuing with (quintary sextary )[6] Quaternary (from Latinquaternarius) is the fourth member of a distributive number word series beginning with (singular binary ternary) and continuing with (quinary senary
septenary octonary centenary)[7][8]
In biology the non-standard usage Quaternary structure is so firmly entrenchedthat to refer to Quartary structure would be incorrect
bull redundant does not mean useless or unable to perform its function It meansthat there is an excess of something that something is surplus to requirementsand no longer needed or that it is obsolete
o Standard A new pill that will instantly cure any illness has made
antibiotics redundant (Antibiotics could still be used to cure illnesses butthey are no longer needed because a better pill has been invented)
o
Standard The week before Christmas the company made seventy-fiveworkers redundanto Non-standard Over-use of antibiotics risks making them redundant (This
should read over-use of antibiotics risks making them ineffective)
bull regimen and regiment A regimen is a system of order and may often refer to thesystematic dosing of medication A regiment is a military unit
o Standard The sick soldier was removed from his regiment
o Standard The sick soldier was ordered to complete a regimen of
amoxicillin
bull
reign and rein A reign refers to the rule of a monarch Reins are the straps usedto control the movements of an animal (typically a horse) Thus to take thereins means to assume control and to have free rein means to be free of constraints[9]
o Non-standard the Suns gave Sports Illustrateds Jack McCallum free
reign of practices[10] o Non-standard Bobby Jindal a whiz kid takes the reigns of Louisianas
Department of Health and Hospital[11]
[edit] S to T
bull sensual and sensuous Both words mean to do with the senses Sensual is moreoften applied to a pleasure or experience or to a persons character sensuous tosomeone or something of enticing appearance
o Standard Don Juan is the most sensual character in fiction
o Standard Ascetics believe in avoiding all sensual pleasures
o Standard Marilyn Monroe looks extremely sensuous in this film clip
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bull set and sit When used as a verb to set means to place or to adjust to a valuewhereas to sit means to be seated
o Standard Set the pot upon the stove
o Standard Set the temperature-control to 100 degC
o Non-standard Set down over there
o Non-standard Sit the pot on the stoveo Standard Sit on the chair
bull shrink and shirk To shirk means to consistently avoid to neglect to be tooafraid to engage To shrink means to contract to become physically smaller insize also to shrink away means to suddenly jerk away from something inhorror However to shrink from may also mean to hesitate or show reluctancetoward
o Standard I will not shirk discussion
o Standard I will not shrink from discussion
o Standard She shrank away from me
o Non-standard I will not shrink discussiono Non-standard I will not shirk from discussion
bull sight site and cite A sight is something seen a site is a place To cite is to quoteor list as a source
o Standard You are a sight for sore eyes
o Standard I found a list of the sights of Rome on a tourist site
o Standard Please cite the sources you used in your essay
o Standard You must travel to the site of the dig to see the dinosaur bones
o Standard It is necessary to have line-of-sight if you want to use
semaphore
o Non-standard One must be careful on a construction sighto Non-standard I will site the book in which I saw the statistics
o Non-standard I could not fire because I did not have line-of-site to the
target
bull temblor and trembler A temblor is an earthquake A trembler is something thattrembles
bull than and then Than is a grammatical particle and preposition associated withcomparatives whereas then is an adverb and a noun In certain dialects the twowords are usually homophones because they are function words with reduced
vowels and this may cause speakers to confuse themo Standard I like pizza more than lasagne
o Standard We ate dinner then went to the movies
o Non-standard You are a better person then I am
bull there their theyre and therere There refers to the location of somethingTheir means belonging to them Theyre is a contraction of They are Therere
is a contraction of there are[citation needed ]
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o Standard Therere five of them and theyre all coming to the restaurant for
their dinner we will meet them there
bull theres wheres etc A common spoken mistake is using a singular contractionwhen it should be plural in words like theres and wheres This stems from the
fact that therere and wherere are more difficult to enunciate and are oftenavoided for that reason in colloquial speecho Non-standard Wheres the cars (Should be Wherere)
o Non-standard Theres many types of cars (Should be Therere)
bull to too Too means in excess or also To is a preposition or is a part of a verbin the infinitive At the end of a sentence to may also refer to a dropped verb inthe infinitive
bull trimester A trimester is a period of three months[12][13] Because it is mostcommonly used in conjunction with a nine-month academic year [14] or a nine-
month term of human pregnancy[15]
it is sometimes wrongly assumed thattrimester is simply a synonym for one third[16][17] o Standard One calendar year contains four trimesters
o Non-standard Without further delay then comes ESPNcoms annual
(and overdue) First Trimester Report ushering folks back to the office bytaking stock of the seasons opening third[18]
[edit] U to Z
bull venal and venial These words are sometimes confused venal means corruptable to be bribed or for sale venial means pardonable not serious[2][19]
o Standard According to Catholic doctrine eating meat on a Friday is avenial sin but murder is a mortal sin
o Standard All ages have examples of venal politicians
bull warranty and warrantee A warranty is a legal assurance that some object can perform some specified task or meets certain quality standards A warrantee is the person who benefits from a warranty The verb form is warrant Confusion herecan stem from guarantee and the less common guaranty which have similar meanings
o Standard Most new cars come with at least a three-year warranty
o Standard I guarantee that you will make a return on your investment
o Non-standard Your mobile phone has stopped working Maybe you needto claim under the warrantee
bull whose and whos Whose is an interrogative word (Whose is this) or a relative pronoun (The people whose house you admired) whos is a contraction for whois or who has
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bull wont and wont Wont is a contraction for will not while wont is a wordmeaning accustomed or inclined to (as an adjective) or habit or custom (as anoun)
o Standard He wont let me drive his car
o Standard He spent the morning reading as he was wont to do
o Standard He took a walk in the evening as was his wonto Non-standard I wont need to go to the supermarket after all
bull youre and your While they sound the same in many dialects in standard writtenEnglish they have separate meanings Youre is a contraction for you are and your is a possessive pronoun meaning belonging to you When in doubt just seewhether the word in question can logically be expanded to you are
o Standard When driving always wear your seatbelt
o Standard If youre going out please be home by ten oclock
o Non-standard Youre mother called this morning
o Non-standard Your the first person to notice my new haircut today
bull aggravate ndash Some prescriptivists have argued that this word should not be used inthe sense of to annoy or to oppress but only to mean to make worseHowever this proscription against to annoy is not rooted in history Accordingto AHDI the annoy usage occurs in English as far back as the 17th centuryfurthermore in Latin from which the word was borrowed both meanings wereused[1] Sixty-eight percent of AHD4s Usage Panel approves of its use in Its theendless wait for luggage that aggravates me the most about air travel [2] M-Wmentions that while aggravate in the sense of to rouse to displeasure or anger byusually persistent and often petty goading has been around since the 17thcentury disapproval of that usage only appeared around 1870[3] RH states in its
usage note under aggravate that The two most common senses of aggravate areto make worse and to annoy or exasperate Both senses first appeared in theearly 17th century at almost the same time the corresponding two senses of thenoun aggravation also appeared then Both senses of aggravate and aggravation
have been standard since then[4] Chambers cites this usage as colloquial andthat it is well established especially in spoken English although it is sometimesregarded as incorrect[5]
o Disputed usage Its the endless wait for luggage that aggravates me the
most about air travelo Undisputed usage Being hit on the head by a falling brick aggravated my
already painful headache
bull aint ndash originally a contraction of am not this word is widely used as areplacement for arent isnt havent and hasnt as well While aint hasexisted in the English language for a very long time and it is a common normalword in many dialects in both North America and the British Isles it is not a partof standard English and its use in formal writing is not recommended by mostusage commentators Its unselfconscious use in speech may tend to mark thespeaker as uneducated Nevertheless aint is used by educated speakers and
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writers for deliberate effect what Oxford American Dictionary describes astongue-in-cheek or reverse snobbery and what Merriam-Webster Collegiate
calls emphatic effect or a consistently informal style[6]
bull alibi ndash Some prescriptivists argue this cannot be used in the non-legal sense of
an explanation or excuse to avoid blame or justify action AHD4 notes that thisusage was acceptable to almost half[7] of the Usage Panel while most opposedthe words use as a verb M-W mentions no usage problems listing the disputedmeaning second to its legal sense without comment OED cites the non-legal nounand verb usages as colloquial and orig[inally] US[8] Chambers deems this usecolloquial[9]
bull alright ndash An alternate to all right that some consider illiterate but others allowRH says that it probably arose in analogy with other similar words such asaltogether and already it does concede the use in writing as informal and thatall right is used in more formal edited writing[10] AHD4 flags alright as
nonstandard
[11]
and comments that this unacceptance (compared to altogether etc) is peculiar and may be due to its relative recentness (altogether andalready date back to the Middle Ages alright only a little over a century)[12]
Chambers refers to varying levels of formality of all right deeming alright to bemore casual it recommends the use of all right in writing for readers who are precise about the use of language[13]
bull also ndash Some prescriptivists contend this word should not be used to begin asentence AHD4 says 63 percent of the Usage Panel found acceptable theexample The warranty covers all power-train components Also participating dealers back their work with a free lifetime service guarantee[14] See also and amp
but below
bull alternate ndash In British English this adjective means according to OED and other sources switching between two options or similar It does not mean the same asalternative (see next) which OED specifically marks as an American meaning of alternate In international English it is thus thought better to observe the Britishdistinction then the meanings of alternative and alternate will be clear toeveryone (See meanings given at M-W the same applies to the adverbsalternately and alternatively)
bull alternative ndash Some prescriptivists argue that alternative should be used onlywhen the number of choices involved is exactly two While AHD4 allows thewords longstanding use to mean one of a number of things from which only onecan be chosen and the acceptance of this usage by many language critics it goeson to state that only 49 of its Usage panel approves of its use as in Of the threealternatives the first is the least distasteful[15] Neither M-W[16] nor RH[17]
mentions any such restriction to a choice of two Chambers qualifies its definitionas referring to strictly speaking two but often used of more than two possibilities[18]
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bull ampm ndash These are Latin abbreviations for the adverbial phrases antemeridiem (before noon) and post meridiem (after noon) Some prescriptivistsargue that they thus should not be used in English as nouns meaning morningand afternoon however such use is consistent with ordinary nominalizationfeatures of English AHD4 lists adjectival usage with an AM appointment [19]
and a PM appointment[20]
RH gives Shall we meet Saturday am[19]
withoutcomment it gives no corresponding example at pm so that usage can only beextrapolated Also the National Institute of Standards and Technology (nd)contends it is incorrect to use 12 am or 12 pm to mean either noon or midnight
bull amongamongst and between ndash The traditionalist view is that between shouldonly be used when there are only two objects for comparison and among or amongst should be used for more than two objects Most style guides anddictionaries do not support this advice saying that between can be used to refer tosomething that is in the time space or interval that separates more than two itemsM-W says that the idea that between can be used only of two items is persistent
but unfounded
[21]
and AHD4 calls it a widely repeated but unjustified tradition[22] The OED says In all senses between has been from its earliest appearanceextended to more than two[23] Chambers says It is acceptable to use between
with reference to more than two people or things although does state that among
may be more appropriate in some circumstances[24] o Undisputed usage I parked my car between the two telegraph poles
o Undisputed usage Youll find my brain between my ears
o Disputed usage The duck swam between the reeds
o Disputed usage They searched the area between the river the farmhouse
and the woodso Undisputed usage We shared the money evenly amongst the three of us
o
Disputed usage We shared the money between Tom Dick and meo Undisputed usage My house was built among the gum trees
bull amount ndash Some prescriptivists argue amount should not be substituted for number They recommend the use of number if the thing referred to is countableand amount only if it is uncountable While RH acknowledges the traditionaldistinction between amount and number it mentions that [a]lthough objected tothe use of amount instead of number with countable nouns occurs in both speechand writing especially when the noun can be considered as a unit or group (theamount of people present the amount of weapons) or when it refers to money(the amount of dollars paid the amount of pennies in the till)[25] (see also less)
o
Disputed usage I was amazed by the amount of people who visited mywebsite (With knowledge of the exact number)o Undisputed usage The number of people in the lift must not exceed 10
o Undisputed usage I was unimpressed by the amount of water consumed
by the elephant
bull and ndash Some prescriptivists argue that sentences should not begin with the wordand on the argument that as a conjunction it should only join clauses within a
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sentence AHD4 states that this stricture has been ridiculed by grammarians for decades and ignored by writers from Shakespeare to Joyce Carol Oates[26] RHstates Both and and but and to a lesser extent or and so are common astransitional words at the beginnings of sentences in all types of speech andwriting it goes on to suggest that opposition to this usage probably stems from
the overuse of such sentences by inexperienced writers[27]
ENCARTA opinesthat said opposition comes from too literal an understanding of the joiningfunction of conjunctions and states that any overuse is a matter of poor style notgrammatical correctness[28] COED calls the usage quite acceptable[29] Manyverses of the King James Bible begin with and as does William Blakes poem And did those feet in ancient time (aka Jerusalem) Fowlers Modern EnglishUsage defends this use of and Chambers states that Although it is sometimesregarded as poor style it is not ungrammatical to begin a sentence with and [30]
See also also above and but below
bull anxious ndash Some prescriptivists argue that this word should only be used in the
sense of worried or worrisome (compare anxiety) but it has been used inthe sense of eager for over 250 years 52 of AHD4s Usage Panel accepts itsuse in the sentence We are anxious to see the new show of contemporarysculpture at the museum Also it suggests that the use of anxious to mean eager
may be mild hyperbole as the use of dying in the sentence Im dying to see your new baby[31] RH states bluntly that its use in the sense of eageris fullystandard[32] M-W defines anxious as 3 ardently or earnestly wishing ltanxiousto learn moregt synonym see EAGER[33] Chambers gives 3 very eager bullanxious to do well[34]
[edit] B
bull barbaric and barbarous mdash Barbaric applies to the culture of barbarians and may be positive (barbaric splendor) barbarous applies to the behavior of barbariansand is negative (barbarous cruelty) This is standard English usage HoweverM-W equates the third meaning of barbaric with the third of barbarous thatis mercilessly harsh or cruel[35] COD11 and Chambers list savagely cruel andcruel and brutal excessively harsh or vicious[36] respectively as the first
meanings for barbaric Only AHD4 disallows this usage and without comment[37]
o Undisputed The environment of the venue was barbaric
o Undisputed Terrorism is barbarous
o Disputed Capital punishment is a disgusting barbaric measure
bull begging the question In logic begging the question is another term for petitio
principii or arguing in a circle in other words making assumptions in advanceabout the very issue in dispute Now often used to mean simply leading to thequestion
o Undisputed You argue that Christianity must be true because the Bible
says so Isnt that begging the question
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o Disputed You want to go to the theatre That begs the question which day
we should go
bull but ndash Some prescriptivists argue that if and should not be used to begin sentencesthen neither should but These words are both conjunctions thus they believe that
they should be used only to link clauses within a sentence AHD4 states that itmay be used to begin a sentence at all levels of style [38]
[edit] C
bull can and may ndash Some prescriptivists argue that can refers to possibility and may
refers to permission and insist on maintaining this distinction although usage of can to refer to permission is pervasive in spoken and very frequent in writtenEnglish M-W notes Can and may are most frequently interchangeable in sensesdenoting possibility because the possibility of ones doing something may (or can) depend on anothers acquiescence they have also become interchangeable in
the sense denoting permission The use of can to ask or grant permission has beencommon since the 19th century and is well established although somecommentators feel may is more appropriate in formal contexts May is relativelyrare in negative constructions (maynt is not common) cannot and cant are usualin such contexts[39] AHD4 echoes this sentiment of formality noting that only21 of the Usage Panel accepted can in the example Can I take another week tosubmit the application[40] For its part OED labels the use of can for may ascolloquial[41]
bull comprise ndash Comprise means to consist of A second meaning to compose or constitute is sometimes attacked by usage writers However it is supported as
sense 3 along with a usage note in M-W[42] and although AHD4 notes the usageas a usage problem its usage note says Our surveys show that opposition tothis usage is abating In the 1960s 53 percent of the Usage Panel found this usageunacceptable in 1996 only 35 percent objected[43]
o Undisputed usage The English Wikipedia comprises more than two
million articleso Disputed usage The English Wikipedia comprises of more than two
million articleso Disputed usage The English Wikipedia is comprised of more than two
million articleso Disputed usage More than two million articles comprise the English
Wikipediao Disputed usage Diatoms comprise more than 70 of all phytoplankton
o Undisputed usage Diatoms constitute more than 70 of all
phytoplanktono Disputed usage Those in the industry have mostly scoffed at the young
inexperienced Carter and the rest of the high school pals that comprise thecompany[44]
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Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] D
bull deprecate ndash The original meaning in English is deplore or express disapproval
of (the Latin from which the word derives means pray to avert evil suggestingthat some event would be a calamity) The word is now also used to mean playdown belittle or devalue a shift that some prescriptivists disapprove of as itsuggests the word is being confused with the similar word depreciate in factAHD4 states that in this sense deprecate has almost completely supplanteddepreciate however a majority of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved thissense[45] Its use with the approximate meaning to declare obsolete in computer jargon is also sometimes condemned
bull diagnose ndash Cochrane (2004) states that to diagnose [someone] with a disease isan incorrect usage of the verb diagnose which takes the physician as subject and
a disease as object (eg to diagnose cancer) In American English according toAHD4[46] and M-W[47] the sense of diagnose [someone] with a disease is listedwithout comment or tag however for its part RH does not list such a usage withor without comment For British English COD11 offers identify the medicalcondition of (someone) she was diagnosed as having epilepsy (2004) this usagehowever did not appear in editions as recently as the 1990s Chambers does notoffer this sense at all[48]
o Disputed usage Mr Smith was diagnosed with diabetes
o Undisputed usage The doctor diagnosed diabetes
bull different ndash Standard usage in both Britain and America is different from (on the
analogy of to differ from) In Britain this competes with different to (coinedon the analogy of similar to) In America it competes with different than(coined on the analogy of other than) Different to is also found in IrishAustralian and New Zealand English
o Undisputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different
from the Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different to the
Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different than
the British
bull disinterested ndash Standard usage is as a word for unbiased but some have alsorendered it synonymous with uninterested or apathetic
o Undisputed usage As their mutual best friend I tried to remain
disinterested in their argument so as not to anger eithero Disputed usage The key to attracting a member of the opposite sex is to
balance between giving attention to him or her and appearingdisinterested
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bull due to ndash The adjectival use of due to is undisputed Its adverbial use howeverhas been a subject of dispute for many years as witnessed by several (especiallyUS) dictionary usage notes that in the end designate it as standard WilliamStrunk in his Elements of style labelled the disputed adverbial use of due to asincorrect [49] Although the first (1926) edition of FOWLER condemned the
adverbial use as common only among the illiterate the third (1996) editionsaid Opinion remains sharply divided but it begins to look as if this use of due
to will form part of the natural language of the 21C as one more example of aforgotten battle Due to is frequently used in place of from for with of because
of and other prepositions Undisputed synonyms for due to are caused by andattributable to
o Disputed usage He died due to cancer (He died of cancer)
o Disputed usage Due to the end of the Second War circumstances altered
profoundly (With the end of the Second War circumstances altered profoundly)
o Disputed usage The project failed due to lack of funds (The project
failed for lack of funds) o Undisputed usage His death was due to cancer
o Undisputed usage Many thought the problem was due to mismanagement
[edit] E
bull enormity ndash Frequently used as a synonym for enormousness or immensity but traditionally means extreme wickedness According to AHD4 thisdistinction has not always occurred historically but is now supported by 59 of the dictionarys Usage Panel[50] COD11 states that enormity as a synonym for hugeness is now broadly accepted as standard English Although Chambers lists
immenseness or vastness as a meaning it says it should not be used in thatsense commenting that it is encountered often because the word enormousness isawkward it recommends using instead another word such as hugeness greatness etc[51]
o Disputed usage The enormity of the elephant astounded me
o Traditional usage The enormity of Stalins purges astounds me
[edit] F
bull farther and further ndash Many prescriptivists adhere to the rule that farther only
should refer to matters of physical distance or position while further should bereserved for usages involving time or degree (as well as undisputed descriptionsof moreover and in addition)
o Disputed usage San Jose is further from LA than Santa Barbara
o Disputed usage LA was a couple hours farther from home than I
expectedo Disputed usage If her fever increases any farther I will call the doctor
o Undisputed usage I would like to discuss the issue further at a later time
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull fortuitously ndash Used by some interchangeably with fortunately strictly speaking fortuitousness is a reference to an occurrence depending on chance M-W notesthat use of the word in sense of fortunate has been in standard use for at least 70years and notes that the sense of coming or happening by a lucky chance isvirtually unnoticed by usage critics[52][clarification needed ]
[edit] G
bull gender ndash Gender is often used interchangeably with sex in the sense of the biological or social quality male and female It is never used to refer to sexualintercourse
o Gender traditionally refers to grammatical gender a feature in the
grammar of a number of different languages Some prescriptivists arguethat its use as a euphemism for sex is to be avoided as a genteelismFowler (p 211) says it is used either as a jocularityor a blunder
o Sex and gender can be used in different but related senses with sex
referring to biological characteristics and gender to social roles andexpectations based on sex Use of gender as interchangeable with or as areplacement for sex may confuse readers who draw this distinction See
gender identity gender role
[edit] H
bull hoi polloi ndash The question surrounding hoi polloi is whether it is appropriate to usethe article the preceding the phrase it arises because hoi is the Greek word for the in the phrase and classical purists complain that adding the makes the phrase
redundant the the common people Foreign phrases borrowed into English areoften reanalyzed as single grammatical units requiring an English article inappropriate contexts AHD4 says The Arabic element al- means the andappears in English nouns such as alcohol and alchemy Thus since no one wouldconsider a phrase such as the alcohol to be redundant criticizing the hoi polloi onsimilar grounds seems pedantic[53]
bull hopefully ndash Some prescriptivists argue this word should not be used as anexpression of confidence in an outcome however M-W classes hopefully withother words such as interestingly frankly and unfortunately (which areunremarkably used in a similar way) as disjuncts and describes this usage as
entirely standard
[54]
AHD4 however notes that opposition to this usage by their usage panels has grown from 56 to 73 despite support for similar disjuncts(such as 60 support for the use of mercifully in Mercifully the game ended before the opponents could add another touchdown to the lopsided score) AHD4opines that this opposition is not to the use of these adverbs in general but thatthis use of hopefully has become a shibboleth[55] OED lists this usage withoutany colloquial or other label other than to say Avoided by many writers[56]
See also the discussion of hopefully as a dangling modifier One investigation in
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modern corpora on Language Log revealed that outside fiction where it stillrepresents 40 of all uses (the other qualifying primarily speech and gazes)disjunct uses account for the vast majority (over 90) of all uses of the word[57]
o Disputed usage Hopefully Ill get that scholarship
o Undisputed usage The prisoner thought hopefully about the prospect for
escape when he realized the guards accidentally left his cell unlocked
Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] L
bull less ndash Some prescriptivists argue that less should not be substituted for fewer Merriam-Webster notes The traditional view is that less applies to matters of degree value or amount and modifies collective nouns mass nouns or nounsdenoting an abstract whole while fewer applies to matters of number and modifies plural nouns Less has been used to modify plural nouns since the days of King
Alfred and the usage though roundly decried appears to be increasing Less ismore likely than fewer to modify plural nouns when distances sums of moneyand a few fixed phrases are involved ltless than 100 milesgt ltan investment of less
than $2000gt ltin 25 words or lessgt and as likely as fewer to modify periods of time ltin less (or fewer ) than four hoursgt[58]
o Disputed usage This lane 12 items or less
o Undisputed usage We had fewer players on the team this season
o Undisputed usage There is less water in the tank now
bull like and as ndash Some prescriptivists object to the use of like as a conjunction statingit is rather a preposition and that only as would be appropriate in this
circumstance M-W however cites likes use as a conjunction as standard sincethe 14th century and opines that opposition to it is perhaps more heated thanrational (see M-Ws entry like [7 conjunction]) AHD4 says Writers sinceChaucers time have used like as a conjunction but 19th-century and 20th-centurycritics have been so vehement in their condemnations of this usage that a writer who uses the construction in formal style risks being accused of illiteracy or worse and recommends using as in formal speech and writing[59] OED does nottag it as colloquial or nonstandard but notes Used as conj[unction] = like asas Now generally condemned as vulgar or slovenly though examples may befound in many recent writers of standing[60] Chambers lists the conjunctive useas colloquial[61]
o Undisputed usage He is an American as am Io Undisputed usage He is an American like me
o Undisputed usage It looks as if this play will be a flop
o Undisputed usage This play looks like a flop
o Disputed usage He is an American like I am
o Disputed usage It looks like this play will be a flop
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bull literally ndash Some prescriptivists argue literally should not be used as a mereemphatic unless the thing to which it refers is actually true It is used todisambiguate a possible metaphorical interpretation of a phrase M-W does notcondemn the second use which means in effect or virtually but says the useis pure hyperbole intended to gain emphasis but it often appears in contexts
where no additional emphasis is necessary[62]
o Disputed usage The party literally went with a bang (No it did not
unless there was an actual loud noise)o Undisputed usage I literally ran more than 25 miles today I ran a
marathon
bull loan ndash The use of loan as a verb meaning to give out a loan is disputed withlend being preferred for the verb form AHD4 flatly states [t]he verb loan is wellestablished in American usage and cannot be considered incorrect[63] M-W statesloan is entirely standard as a verb[64] RH says Sometimes mistakenlyidentified as an Americanism loan as a verb meaning to lend has been used in
English for nearly 800 years it further states that objections to this use arecomparatively recent[65] Chambers defines the verb loan as to lend (especiallymoney)[66] OED merely states Now chiefly US[67] and COD11 includes themeaning without tag or comment
o Undisputed usage I lent him some money
o Undisputed usage Fill out the paperwork for a loan
o Disputed usage I loaned him some money
[edit] M
bull may and might ndash May should only be used where the event in question is still
possible not for something that was possible in the past or for a hypothetical present possibility Might is properly the past tense form of may (In similar fashion could should and would are all past tense forms for can shalland will respectively)
o Undisputed usage My brother may have gone to China last week
( perhaps he did )o Disputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother may have gone
to China last week (but he didnt )o Undisputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother might have
gone to China last weeko Disputed usage He thought it may be true (but it wasnt )
o Undisputed usage He thought it might be true
bull meet ndash Some prescriptivists state that as a transitive verb in the context to cometogether by chance or arrangement meet (as in meet (someone)) does not requirea preposition between verb and object the phrase meet with (someone) is deemedincorrect Chambers flags this usage US[68] RH allows it in the sense of to joinas for conference or instruction I met with her an hour a day until we solved the problem[69] On the other hand none of M-W AHD4 or COD11 entertains this
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usage NOTE In the sense of fulfilling prerequisites or criteria (We met with theentry requirements) or that of encountering (Our suggestions may meet with
opposition the soldiers met with machine-gun fire) the verb phrase meet with isnot in dispute
o Disputed usage I will meet with you tonight
o
Undisputed usage I will meet you tonight
bull momentarily ndash Traditionally momentarily means for a moment but its use tomean in a moment is sometimes disputed M-W[70] and RH[71] give this latter usage a standard entry without comment while OED[72] and Chambers[73] tag itNAmer AHD4 has a usage note indicating that 59 of their Usage Paneldeems this usage unacceptable[74]
o Disputed usage Your feature presentation will begin momentarily
o Undisputed usage The flash from the atom bomb momentarily lit up the
night sky
[edit] N
bull nauseous ndash Traditionally nauseous means causing nausea (synonymous withnauseating) it is commonly used now as a synonym for queasy that ishaving the feeling of nausea AHD4 notes the traditional view stating that 72 of the Usage Panel preferred nauseated over nauseous to mean affected withnausea however 88 of that same panel preferred nauseating to nauseous tomean causing nausea in other words a maximum of only 28 prefersnauseous in either case It also states that in common usage nauseous issynonymous with nauseated but deems this usage incorrect[75] M-W howeverasserts that [t]hose who insist that nauseous is an error for nauseated are
mistaken[76] Both M-W and AHD4 accept that nauseous is supplantingnauseated for feeling nausea and in turn being replaced by nauseating for causing nausea in general usage they only differ on the correctness of thechange RH states The two literal senses of nauseous [] appear in English atalmost the same time in the early 17th century and both senses are in standard useat the present time Nauseous is more common than nauseated in the senseaffected with nausea despite recent objections by those who imagine the sense to be new[77] CHAMBERS lists the sense of causing nausea first and affected withnausea second[78] while COD11 gives the affliction first and causation second both dictionaries list the entries without comment OED goes further tagging itsnauseated usage as Orig[inally] US but demoted its nauseating usage to
literary OED also notes that the original (now obsolete) sense of the word inEnglish was inclined to sickness or nausea squeamish[79] Curiously this oldestseventeenth-century meaning (inclined to nausea) while distinct from thedisputed twentieth-century usage (afflicted by nausea) more closely resemblesthe latter than it does the prescribed meaning (causing nausea)
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseous
o Disputed usage That smell is making me nauseous
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseating
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future tense (The supervisor will be back presently)[80] M-W mentions the samevintage for the sense of now and that it is not clear why it is objectionable[81]
AHD4 states that despite its use nowadays in literate speech and writing thatthere is still lingering prejudice against this use In the late 1980s only 50 of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved of the sentence General Walters is hellip
presently the United States Ambassador to the United Nations[82]
COD11 lists both usages without comment CHAMBERS merely flags the sense of now asN Amer especially US[83]
o Disputed usage I am presently reading Wikipedia
o Undisputed usage I will be finished with that activity presently
[edit] R
bull refute ndash The traditional meaning of refute is disprove or dispel with reasoned
arguments It is now often used as a synonym for deny The latter sense islisted without comment by M-W[84] and AHD4[85] while CHAMBERS tags it ascolloquial[86] COD11 states that Traditionalists object to [the use of refute asdeny] but it is now widely accepted in standard English However RH does notmention this use at all[87]
bull relatively ndash Literally meaning compared to some now use relatively to meanmoderately or somewhat AHD4 does not list this usage at all [88] M-W hasapparently blended the two usages in one[89]
o Disputed usage That man was relatively annoying
o Undisputed usage Though relatively harmless when compared to
dimethylmercury mercury (II) oxide is still quite toxic
[edit] S
bull Scotch Scots and Scottish ndash Formerly English people used Scotch whereScottish people used Scottish The current convention is as follows
o Scottish for people
o Scotch for things (especially whisky)
o Scots for institutions (Scots law Scots language)
bull
seek ndash This means look for but is used to mean try or want This usage iscriticised by Fowler in the entry Formal Words
o Disputed usage we did seek to resolve the Iraq crisis by peaceful
means those who seek to emulate his legacy of murder the Liberalsseek to undermine that future[attribution needed ]
o Undisputed usage Seek and ye shall find
[edit] T
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bull than mdash Than is the subject of a longstanding dispute as to its status as a preposition or conjunction see than For the disputed construction different thansee Different
bull they mdash Prescriptivists regard this as a plural pronoun that uses a third person
plural verb conjugation (see below they show) but the word is now commonlyused especially in speech and informal writing as a non-gender-specific third- person singular pronoun (which modern English otherwise lacks) Alternativesinclude he or she and generic he Some writers argue that generic he isgeneric (as the name implies) and thus includes both sexes Others find it sexist or too old-fashioned The pronouns you or one can be used in some sentences
o Disputed usage A person is rude if they show no respect for their hosts
o Undisputed usage One is rude if one shows no respect for ones hosts
o Undisputed usage It is rude not to show respect for hosts
o Undisputed usage Many people have told me that they are satisfied with
their food
bull thusly mdash Thusly (AHD4 suggests) was originally coined by educated writers tomake fun of uneducated persons trying to sound genteel[90] Thusly howeverdiffused into popular usage Some people accept it as an adverb in its own rightwhile others believe thus should be used in all cases The word thusly appearswith no associated usage notes in M-W[91] COD11 tags it as informal with theentry thus tagged as literary or formal CHAMBERS does not list the word atall and it is unknown in British usage[92]
[edit] U
bull unique ndash Some prescriptivists argue that unique only means sole or unequaled (British spelling unequalled) but most dictionaries give a thirdmeaning unusual which can be qualified by very or somewhat as in Thetheme of the party was somewhat unique see comparison Almost unique isuniversally acceptable[citation needed ]
[edit] W
bull
whilst and while mdash Penguin Working Words recommends while only and notesthat whilst is old-fashioned Cambridge Guide to English Usage and M-WsWebsters Guide to English Usage comment on its regional character and notethat it is rare in American usage It is thus safer to use only while in internationalEnglish (See the article While for further sources deprecating the use of whilst and cautioning about uses of while)
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bull who mdash Some prescriptivists argue that who should be used only as a subject pronoun the corresponding object pronoun being whom Strictly speakingusing who instead of whom is substituting a subjective pronoun for an objective pronoun and hence is the same as using she instead of her (eg I talked to she
today) Most people never use whom in spoken English and instead use who for
all cases Those who use whom in everyday speech may recognize substitution of who as substandard FOWLER has an extensive entry on who and whom
including several quotes from major publications where whom is used incorrectlyo Undisputed usage You are talking to whom
o Disputed usage You are talking to who
o Undisputed usage To whom are you talking
o Disputed usage To who are you talking
o Disputed usage far more hostile to Diana whom she believes betrayed
the Prince of WalesmdashIndependent Mag 1993 (FOWLER)o Undisputed usage far more hostile to Diana who she believes betrayed
the Prince of Wales
o Disputed usage Whom do men say that I am (Mark 927 King JamesVersion)
bull whoever mdash This extension of who (see above) along with its object formwhomever is attended by the same uncertainties as who along with whom and isdiscussed in the same sources (See the relevant section at Who)
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever wants it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever you think should have it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whomever you choose to give it
o Disputed usage Give it to whoever you choose to give it to
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever wants it
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever you think should have it
Module - Pair work - Asking questions to yourpartner
Hey
with Group 2 we first talked a little about food at the beginning of the class as awarm up And here is what we said
to be written by Franc
Then today was the first day that we worked in pairs You had to find informationabout superhero characters asking questions to your partner
Here are the two worksheets if you still need to complete them
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW you need to be able to speak about the picture of a super hero + speak about
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their story + give the common points between all the super heroes presented Yourpresentation will last about 3 to 5 minutes You can send me some drafts (brouillon)if neededBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - Tale LV2
Southern Trees - beginning of the study
Hey
today we first warmed up about your future jobs while waiting for those who werelate Here is what you said
I would like to become an architect when I leave highschool (Selma)I want to study law to be a lawyer maybe ( Jeacuterocircme)
Structures WANT TO WOULD LIKE TO -- Attention aux noms de meacutetiers quisont preacuteceacutedeacutes de larticle aan
Then we did a quick recap about what Jim Crow laws used to be Here is what wesaid
bull Jim Crow Laws
These were laws about racial segregation until the end of the 1960sBlacks were not allowed to go to school with Whites
Blacks were not allowed to attend school with WhitesBlacks were forbidden to live together there were separate water
fountains rest rooms or entrances at restaurantsThey were prohibited to sit at the front of a bus
bull KKK(1865-)
white Protestantssupremacy of the white race
white costumesterrorism and violence to oppress Blacks
Finally we listened to the text and we started our general comprehesion by
highlighting the important information about the type of document the places thetime Here is what we wrote
bull Text Southern Trees
- type of doc extract from the autobiographic novel of Billie Holliday- who Billie Holliday Lewis Allen piano player of Billie Pop audience bitch
- where in New-York at Cafe Society on 52nd Street Miami Los Angeles
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- when published in 1956
HW you need to finish answering the usual wh- questions about the text (inparticular about the feelings of the characters involved) You also need to divide thetext into 2 parts give them a title and justify your titles
NB you will have a vocabulary test next week with the words from the lesson andthe words from the tool box p 53 You may also have a test about the text andabout racial discrimination in the US on Wednesday It will depend on how far we areinto the study of the document Southern TreesBy English Prof
Enter comment - View comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Spiderman - Page 3
This morning with the whole class we first warmed up with why I was a little late inclass Here is what we wrote
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
Then we studied the last page from Spiderman
There was a secretary for each person that spoke about a panel Here are the notesthat we took while they were speaking
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
HW you will be able to speak about the document at the beginning of the class in arow (dun seul trait )You can download the last page here
By English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Oral tests about picture presentation + Lastsuperhero activity in pair work
Hey
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today in module I asked you to speak about the picture p 152 that you had tocomment You need to improve your analysis Ill be asking other students next timeagain
Here is an example of presentation Its not perfect but its a rather good one
The document is a picture where there are two parts In the first part wecan see a white family at the bottom who is sitting in a garden They looksurprised and they are looking at the second family who feels happy and
impressed Contrary to the white family they are standing and clad with
their traditional dress Its a black family
To me the scene takes place in the USA and the goal of this picture is todenounce discrimination which treats people differently in society
The photographer aims at criticizing segregation In this photo theseparation is represented by the fence which is separating Africans from
Americans Segregation in the 20th century in America was when the Blacksand the Whites couldnt blend
To my mind this picture is a good representation of discrimination MartinLuther King and Rosa Park are the symbols of this conflict When I see somepeople wanted to change society and make people aware of these
inequalities through paintings photos speeches or parades Im grateful tothem
The picture attains its objective I like this photo because it denounces very
well the implicit problems of American society in the 20th century(by Rochella D)
Group 2 then we started a new activity about grammar on how to differentiatebetween Present Simple and Present Be + ing
You may download the documents hereyet to be uploaded
Group 1 Then we started a new activity that was initially designed by MissFernandes a colleague in the academy of Caen We first described the pictures of the superheroes
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW You need to finish the description of each picture and prepare the questions toask to your partner about the missing elements in your worksheetBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareMonday 16 november 2009
- Posted in For Fun
The Prisoner - New Series - Trailer
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A new American series that you will probably LOVE Here is the trailer Looks andsounds fantastic
Exprimer le conseil en anglais
Today after taking a test on Body beauty and body parts (phonetics included) wespoke about superstitions on Friday the 13th And we discovered that Jonathansgrand-ma was extremely supersticious and that some of you believed in supernaturalthings too like Juliette who thinks her mother can read her mind or Camille RL whois sure what she says sometimes comes true Beware of the other Camille T whohas got a black cat She is certainly a witch and she may transform us all intopiglets Just kidding of course )
Here is what we said about superstitions
Today is a special day
On Friday the 13th people who are superstitious believe something terribly
bad or something awesome will happen to them
Examples of supertisions- you shouldnt be 13 around a table
- you shouldnt walk under a ladder- you shouldnt meet a black cat
- you shouldnt break a mirror- you shouldnt celebrate a birthday before
- you should wear a rabbit leg- you shouldnt walk on a line in the street
- you shouldnt cross your legs- you should touch wood when you say something bad
- you shouldnt put hats or shoes on a bed- you shouldnt open your umbrella inside
- you shouldnt put the bread upside down
Remember to express advice there are 3 very simple structures
bull should shouldnt + V
bull had better had better not + V bull ought to ought not to + V
Chocircmage unemployment
Embaucher to hire
bull by + V+ ing au moyen de en + V+ ingbull to + V pour + V (le but)
leisure loisirshigh ndash loweacuteleveacute ndash bas
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ecirctre oblige de to have to + Vto lead to entraicircnerhuge immense= The work-week la semaine de travailIn France the 35 hours-work week was decided and implemented in the 1990rsquos by asocialist government ( Mrs Aubry)
Exercice de traduction 1) Les employeacutes doivent faire des heures suppleacutementairesEmployees must do long hoursEmployees have to do long hours2) Il y a de nombreuses faccedilons de trouver du travailThere are a lot of ways to find work3) Lrsquoimmense augmentation des reacuteseaux sociaux permettent aux gens decommuniquer drsquoavantageThe huge increase of social networks enables people to communicate more4) Le travail suppleacutementaire entraicircne des problegravemes de santeacute pour les hommessurmeneacutes
bull Homebull Mail
bull Photos
bull Music
bull Games + Apps
bull More
o SMS Groups
o Sawaal
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o Free SMS
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Sign Up Sign In
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thornyuml
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I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i mDoing for Improve my english give me your best idea
Asked in Exams Education amp References at 1200 PM on October 09 2008
Tags english idea
This question is closedReport abuse
ntn jainProfile | QampA
Rate this 00
bull Latest Answers(4)
Sort by Latest | Oldest | Top-rated
English is best improved by practice and also by taking a small course to improve grammar and communication skillsThe key to practice is to read newspapers magazines and books almost regularly You can also start talking andexpressing yourself in English with your peers friends and (if possible) relatives
Writing in English is a good habit that will strengthen your expression skills as well In case you complete this all-round approach I am sure you will do well All the best
Answered by Idle Mind an ibibo Master at 409 PM on October 13 2008
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Idle MindProfile | QampA
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you can
Answered by Rachana an ibibo Citizen at 106 PM on October 11 2008
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RachanaProfile | QampA
well ntn
its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming
future n ways ntn some tips from my side that will help yu improve yu ur english are
i Observe the mouth movements of those who speak English well and try to imitate them
When you are watching television observe the mouth movements of the speakers Repeat what they are saying whileimitating the intonation and rhythm of their speech
ii Until you learn the correct intonation and rhythm of English slow your speech down
If you speak too quickly and with the wrong intonation and rhythm native speakers will have a hard timeunderstanding you
Dont worry about your listener getting impatient with your slow speech -- it is more important that everything you say be understood
iii Listen to the music of English
Do not use the music of your native language when you speak English Each language has its own way of singing
iv Use the dictionary
Try and familiarise yourself with the phonetic symbols of your dictionary Look up the correct pronunciation of wordsthat are hard for you to say
v Make a list of frequently used words that you find difficult to pronounce and ask someone who speaks the languagewell to pronounce them for you
Record these words listen to them and practice saying them Listen and read at the same time
vi Buy books on tape
Record yourself reading some sections of the book Compare the sound of your English with that of the person readingthe book on the tape
vii Pronounce the ending of each word
Pay special attention to S and ED endings This will help you strengthen the mouth muscles that you use when youspeak English
viii Read aloud in English for 15-20 minutes every day
Research has shown it takes about three months of daily practice to develop strong mouth muscles for speaking a newlanguage
ix Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation mistakes
Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice and avoid listening to themselves speak However this is a veryimportant exercise because doing it will help you become conscious of the mistakes you are making
x Be patient
You can change the way you speak but it wont happen overnight People often expect instant results and give up toosoon You can change the way you sound if you are willing to put some effort into it
GOOD LUCK
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Answered by Anant-- an ibibo Master at 133 PM on October 09 2008
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Anant--Profile | QampA
BEST WAY ACCORDING TO ME IS READ DAILY ENGLISH NEWSPAPER IF U COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY ONE OXFORD DICTIONARY AND REFER MEANINGS AND IFU COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY MEANINGS CONVERSION OF ENGLISH TO UR MOTHER TONGUE THIS MAY TAKESOME TIME THERE WILL BE SOME IMPROVEMENT IN JUST 1 MONTH BETTER READ HINDU OR TIMES OF INDIAALL THE BEST
Answered by gyaneshwar an ibibo Citizen at 1258 PM on October 09 2008
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Meri english bahot hi weak haimain apni english kaise strong kar sakta hoonkis tarah fluentlyenglish bol sakta hoon
dearthe simple way to improve you english is to particehave you ever heard of the saying Parctise makes a man perfect so even when you you commit mistake try to learn from the mistake and rectify themand simple start askingquestion to people in Englishand if you want yo learn english donot fell embrace in the front of anyone and alsotry to read TIMES OF INDIAN
Posted in Self Development by naqeeb ahmar at 758 PM on March 17 2008Tags meri english bahot weak apni kaise strong sakta tarah fluently hoon
how to improve english plese tell me
to compose simple sentences in your mind when you are alone Stick on the idea you want to convey rather than thegrammar Speak to the native English speakers if possible Chatt with those in internet SearchI dont know the level of your english if you have basics the fun way of learning are english comics cartoon network in english or any english
movies comics will help you in speaking good english
Posted in Love amp Romance by Shiva Singh at 1015 PM on September 24 2008Tags improve english plese
How can i improve my Enlish speaking and writing both
their meanings and use them in your convesationListen to english newsFor writing read the books on letters essaysand storiesslowly you will get the idea of using english in your convenienceFinally findDear Ashok It is good you
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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want to improve your English First and foremost thing you need is YOU All you need to do is give quality time notthe quantity Do make a conscious effort and smart work
Posted in Self Development by ashok sharma at 626 AM on October 14 2008Tags improve enlish writing
how to use GPRS in china made mob prince A960
here most of gprs settings for most of mobile service operator India to enter in your phone mannulay Here you havemanual gprs settings for vodafone hutch idea airtel bsnl airtel live airtel mobile you can enter in your phone andconfigure mannuallyManual Idea gprs Settings1 Account Name - ideaGPRS2 Username - leave Blank3 Password -leave Blank4 Homepage - httpwapideafreshcom5
Posted in Computers amp Technology by vivek soni at 145 AM on June 13 2008Tags gprs help china mad mob
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i m Doing for Improve my englishgive me your best idea
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the
pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you canwell ntn its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming future n ways ntn some tips from my sidethat will help yu improve yu ur english are i Observe
Posted in Exams Education amp References by ntn jain at 939 PM on October 13 2008Tags want improve english improve best
what is html
they want Text is what you will use English letters just like you use everyday Markup is what you will do You willwrite in plain English and then mark up what you wrote Language Some may argue that technically html is a code
but you write html in plain everyday English languageHi RockyHTML is the code behind your webpage and is whatyour browser looks for to display a webpage the way the webdesigner
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Rocky at 258 PM on May 07 2008Tags html
how I improve my english speech
and be confidentYOU CAN DOWNLOAD A LOT OF SOFTWARES FROM INTERNET IT REALLY HELPSAND ANOTHER IDEA IS TO WATCH ENGLISH CHANNELS LIKE METRO NATION NDTV GOOD TIMESAND DONT FORGET TO WATCH NDTV DISCUSSIONSget to c more english movie join times classes on english
they improvise a lotEnglish can be improved by reading booksnewspaper by discussionsThese are certain tips toimprove english
Posted in Counselling by sagar gawde at 803 PM on February 14 2008Tags improve english speech
What is the best way to enhance skills in English Which is most best website which can help tolearn English from basic to a very high class
will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin thinking in English Listening to Native Speakers as Much asPossible is the good idea to enhance your English language skills Here are someFirst of all be motivated become a
person who likes to learn English Using as many different sources methods and tools as possible will allow you tolearn faster There are many different ways
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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Posted in Self Development by RAVINDRA at 644 PM on October 03 2008Tags best enhance skills website help learn english basic high
Who created the first mouse
to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThe first marketed integrated mouseshipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came from the resemblance of earlymodels which had a cord attached to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThefirst marketed integrated mouse shipped as a part
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Aryan Gusain at 212 PM on July 02 2008Tags created first mouse
Do you have any idea for FRANKLYN INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGE Its a spoken English Institutewhich gives Job Guarantee if anyone knows plz let me know
190A Maniktolla Main Road Kolkata-54 phone no 91-33-32401558 91-33-32428200 frankylnkkghotmailcomhi poonamur question gives an idea dat ur command on english is nt poor why u r lookingYou have heard rightFRANKLYN offers spoken english courses and there is also a lot of students pursuing courses there
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull appraise and apprise To appraise is to assess or value something to apprise isto teach or inform
o Standard His performance was appraised very positively
o Standard I lost no time in apprising her of the situation
o Non-standard Has he been appraised of the fact
bull assume to suppose to be true especially without proof and presume to take for granted as being true in the absence of proof to the contrary Presume can alsomean take excessive liberties as in the adjective form presumptuous
o Standard They had assumed that they were alone so they were surprised
when they heard a third voice join their songo Standard Doctor Livingstone I presume
bull assure ensure and insure To assure is to intend to give the listener confidenceto ensure is to make certain of and to insure is to purchase insurance
o Standard I assure you that I will have your car washed by the time you
returno Standard When you mow the lawn ensure there are no foreign objects in
the grasso Standard I plan to purchase the collision policy when I insure my car
[edit] B to D
bull bifurcate Bifurcate means to segregate or divide into two parts Not as a stand-infor more than one
bull cache and cachet A cache (IPA kaeligʃ) is a storage place from which items may
be quickly retrieved A cachet (IPA kaeligˈʃ eɪ) is a seal or mark such as a waxseal on an envelope or a mark of authenticity on a product Note that cachet isusually used figuratively to mean marked by excellence distinction or superiority
o Standard The pirates buried a cache of jewels near the coast
o Standard Living in New York City definitely has a certain cachet
o Non-standard If your web browser is running slowly try emptying the
cachet
bull cant and cant Cant is a contraction of cannot Cant has a number of differentmeanings including a slope or slant or a kind of slang or jargon spoken by a
particular group of people Canting arms is a coat-of-arms that representsmeaning of the bearers surname
o Standard I cant understand the dialogue in this book because it is written
in canto Standard Heralds do not pun they cant[1]
o Non-standard I cant swim I have never taken lessons
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bull complementary and complimentary Things or people that go together well arecomplementary (ie they complete each other) whereas complimentary refers toa bonus gift or giving someone praise
o Standard Orange and blue are complementary colors
o Standard This sales item comes with a complimentary gift
o Standard Jane was very complimentary about your new home
Similarly a complement is an accessory while a compliment is a statement of admiration
bull concession A concession stand gets its name from the fact that the operator hastypically been granted a contract known as a concession to operate the stand Itis non-standard to refer to the items sold at concession stands as concessions
bull contiguous continual and continuous Contiguous means touching or adjoining in space continual means repeated in rapid succession continuous
means uninterrupted (in time or space)o Standard Alaska is not one of the forty-eight contiguous states
o Standard The field was surrounded by a continuous fence
o Standard The continuous murmur of the stream
o Standard His continual interruptions are very irritating
bull contingent and contingency As a noun a contingent is a representative group acontingency is a possible event
o Standard The explorers were prepared for every contingency
o Standard He was a member of the California contingent at the
convention
o Non-standard He was greeted by a contingency from the school board
bull crotch and crutch A crotch is an area where something branches or forks off in 2directions or the area on a persons body where the legs fork from the trunk (commonly interchanged with groin) A crutch is a device that assists motionespecially one that sits under the armpit or something that supports often usednegatively to indicate that it is not needed and causes an unhealthful dependency
bull diffuse and defuse To diffuse is to disperse randomly whereas to defuse is toremove the fuse from a bomb or in general to render a situation less dangerous Diffuse can also be used as an adjective meaning not concentrated
o Standard The situation was defused when Sandy explained that he wasgay and had no interest in Franks wife
o Standard The smell of gasoline slowly diffused into the still air of the
hallo Standard The spotlights were turned off leaving the stage lit by the
diffuse glow of the lanterns
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bull dilemma which really means for one to be faced with a bifurcation in choice andnot simply a problem as is commonly alleged
bull disassemble and dissemble To disassemble means to dismantle (eg to take amachine code program apart to see how it works) to dissemble means to tell
lies
bull disburse and disperse Disburse means to give out especially money Disperse
means to scatter
bull discreet and discrete Discrete means having separate parts as opposed tocontiguous Discreet means circumspect
bull disinterested and uninterested To be disinterested in something means to not be biased about something (ie to have no personal stake in a particular side of anissue) To be uninterested means to not be interested in or intrigued by something
o
Standard As their good friend I tried to mediate their argument in adisinterested manner so as not to anger eithero Standard Though his initial reaction suggested otherwise he maintains
that he remains uninterested in the business propositiono Non-standard The key to attracting a member of the opposite sex is to
balance between giving attention to him or her and appearingdisinterested
bull dissect and bisect Bisect means to cut into two dissect means to cut apart both literally and figuratively Disect is an archaic word meaning to separate bycutting but has not been in common use since the 17th century
o
Standard We dissected the eye of a bull in biology class todayo Standard She dissected Smiths dissertation pointing out scores of errors
o Standard The Americas are bisected by the Panama canal
o Non-standard We bisected the eye of a bull in biology class today
[edit] E to H
bull economic and economical Economic means having to do with the economy Economical means financially prudent frugal and also figuratively in the sensesparing use (of time language etc) [2]
o Standard Buying in bulk can often be the most economical choice
o Standard The actor should be economical in his use of movemento Standard He attended the School of Economic and Business Sciences
o Non-standard Leading economical indicators suggest that a recession
may be on the horizono Non-standard The actor should be economic in his use of movement
bull eg and ie The abbreviation eg stands for the Latin exempli gratiā for example and should be used when the example(s) given are just one or a few of
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many The abbreviation ie stands for the Latin id est that is and is used to givethe only example(s) or to otherwise qualify the statement just made
o Standard A Briton is a British citizen eg John Lennon
o Standard Tolkiens The Hobbit is named after its protagonist ie Bilbo
Baggins
o Non-standard A Briton is a British citizen ie Paul McCartney (at thelast count there were about 60 million BritonsmdashSir Paul is far from being
the only one)
bull emigration and immigration Emigration is the process of leaving a countryimmigration is the process of arriving in a countrymdashin both cases indefinitely
o Standard Ethnic communities such as Little Italy were created by people
emigrating from their home countries
bull eminent preeminent imminent and immanent Eminent originally meaningemerging means illustrious or highly-regarded Preeminent means most
highly-regarded Imminent means about to occur Immanent (less common thanthe other two and often theological) means indwelling pervadingo Standard The eminent doctor Jones testified on behalf of the defence
o Standard Rumours that war was imminent soon spread through the
populationo Standard Gods grace is immanent throughout the entire creation
bull exacerbate and exasperate Exacerbate means to make worse Exasperate
means to exhaust usually someones patienceo Standard Treatment by untrained personnel can exacerbate injuries
o Standard Do not let Jack talk to the state trooper he is tactless and will
just exasperate her
bull flesh and flush To flesh out is to add flesh to a skeleton or metaphorically to addsubstance to an incomplete rendering To flush out is to cause game fowl to taketo flight or to frighten any quarry from a place of concealment
o Standard The forensic pathologist will flesh out the skull with clay
o Standard The beaters flushed out the game with drums and torches
o Non-standard This outline is incomplete and must be flushed out
bull flounder and founder To flounder is to be clumsy confused indecisive or toflop around like a fish out of water A flounder is also a type of flatfish To
founder is to fill with water and sinko Standard The ship is damaged and may founder
o Standard She was floundering on the balance beam
o Non-standard The ship is damaged and may flounder
bull flout and flaunt One flouts a rule or law by flagrantly ignoring it One flaunts
something by showing it offo Standard If you have it flaunt it
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o Standard He continually flouted the speed limit
o Non-standard If you have it flout it
o Non-standard He continually flaunted the speed limit
bull hay and straw Hay is a grassy plant used as animal fodder Straw is the dry stalk
of a cereal plant (eg barley oats rice rye) after the grain or seed has beenremoved it is used to line an animals stall or for insulation
bull hang To hang something or someone in the present tense one uses the sameform In the past however pictures are hung and criminals are hanged
bull hangar and hanger The aeroplane is in the hangar the coat is on the hanger
bull historic and historical In strict usage historic describes an event of importance mdashone that shaped history or is likely to do so Historical merely describessomething that happened in the past
o Standard The president made a(n) historic announcement (Theannouncement was of historical importance)
o Non-standard The office kept an archive of historic records (The records
are not necessarily of historical importancemdashthey are simply records fromthe past)
bull hoard and horde A hoard is a store or accumulation of things A horde is a largegroup of people
o Standard A horde of shoppers lined up to be the first to buy the new
gizmoo Standard He has a hoard of discontinued rare cards
o Non-standard Do not horde the candy share ito Non-standard The hoard charged when the horns sounded
[edit] I to J
bull imply and infer Something is implied if it is a suggestion intended by the personspeaking whereas a conclusion is inferred if it is reached by the person listening
o Standard When Tony told me he had no money he was implying that I
should give him someo Standard When Tony told me he had no money I inferred that I should
give him some
o Non-standard When Tony told me he had no money he was inferring thatI should give him some
bull inherent and inherit A part inherent in X is logically inseparable from X Toinherit is a verb meaning pass down a generation
o Standard Risk is inherent in the stock market
o Standard The next president inherits a legacy of mistrust and fear
o Non-standard There is violence inherit in the system
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bull its and its Its is a contraction that replaces it is or it has (see apostrophe) Its isthe possessive determiner corresponding to it meaning belonging to it
o Standard Its time to eat (it is time)
o Standard Its been nice getting to meet you (it has been)
o Standard My cell phone has poor reception because its antenna is broken
o Non-standard Its good to be the kingo Non-standard The bicycle tire had lost all of its pressure
bull irony Something is ironic if it is the opposite of what is appropriate expected or fitting
o Standard It is ironic that the center for the handicapped has no wheelchair
rampo Standard It is ironic that Alanis Morissette wrote a song called Ironic
with many examples not one of which is actually ironico Non-standard It is ironic that George W Bush is right-handed and
Republican while Bill Clinton is left-handed and Democratic
o Non-standard It is raining on our wedding day Is it not ironic
bull isle and aisle An isle is an island An aisle is corridor through which one may pass from one place to another
o Standard He came from a small isle in the Caribbean
o Standard The coffee is down the third aisle on the left
[edit] K to L
bull lay (lay laid laid laying ) and lie (lie lay lain lying ) are often usedsynonymously Lay is a transitive verb meaning that it takes an object To lay
something means to place something Lie on the other hand is intransitive andmeans to recline (and also to tell untruths but in this case the verb is regular andcauses no confusion) The distinction between these related verbs is further blurred by the fact that past tense of lie is lay An easy rule of thumb is to replacethe words with sit and set If sit makes sense (eg sit down) then lie should beused (lie down) If the sentence works with set (eg set the book on the table) thenlay should be used (lay the book on the table) To lie can also mean to not tell thetruth - but in that case the past tense is lied A layoff is never a lieoff or lyoff
o Standard I lay my husbands work clothes out for him every morning
Yesterday I decided to see if he paid attention to what I was doing so Ilaid out one white sock and one black He did not notice
o Standard You should not lie down right after eating a large mealYesterday I lay on my bed for half an hour after dinner and sufferedindigestion as a result My wife saw me lying there and made me get upshe told me that if I had waited for a couple of hours I could have laindown in perfect comfort
o Standard You lied to me there is no hidden chamber
o Non-standard Is this bed comfortable when you lay on it (Should be lie)
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o Non-standard Yesterday I lied down in my office during the lunch hour
(Should be lay)o Non-standard There was no reason for him to have laid down in the
middle of the path it unnerved me to see him laying there saying nothing(Should be have lain down and him lying there)
o Non-standard Lie the baby down and change his diaper (Should be layas lie is intransitive)
o Non-standard It could be easy for those guys to lay down After I left
they could have just laid down[3] o Non-standard I am going to lay out in the sun and work on my tan
(Should be lie In general the term lay out when referring to sunbathing isalways non-standard usage)
o Non-standard Sorry I lay about our appointment yesterday (Should be
lied )o Non-standard You should not lay down right after eating a large meal
Yesterday I lied on my bed for half an hour after dinner and suffered
indigestion as a result My wife saw me laying there and made me get upshe told me that if I had waited for a couple of hours I could have lied
down in perfect comfort (Should be lie lay lying and lain)
bull levee and levy A levee is a structure built along a river to raise the height of its banks thereby preventing nearby land from flooding (see dike) To levy is toimpose (1) a tax fine or other assessment or (2) a military draft as a noun a levy
is an assessment or army thus gathered The two words share a common root butthey are not considered interchangeable in Standard English Because they arehomophones misuse is usually only apparent when observed in writing
o Standard The Netherlands is well known for its elaborate system of
leveeso Standard This statute allows the state to levy a 3 tax
o Non-standard Recent storms have weakened the levy
bull literally[4] A term used to emphasize that a statement is not metaphoricalfigurative or hyperbolic It is also commonly misused as an intensifier for metaphorical figurative or hyperbolic statements
o Standard The mayor is literally a convicted felon
o Non-standard The mayor is literally robbing us blind with this new tax
bull loathe and loath or loth Loathe is a verb meaning to strongly dislike and loath
or loth means unwilling or reluctanto Standard I loathe arrogant people
o Standard I was loath to concede defeat
o Standard I was loth to submit to a body-cavity search until I saw who
would be administering it
bull lose and loose Lose can mean fail to win misplace or cease to be in possession Loose can mean the opposite of tight or the opposite of tighten Lose
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is often misspelled loose likely because lose has an irregular rhyme for the way itis spelled it is more common for words ending -ose to rhyme -əʊz like nose or rose but lose rhymes -u zː like news or confuse This may cause poor spellers toguess the correct spelling should match another -u z rhyming word likeː choosealthough choose is itself also an exception to the regular rhyme for words ending
-oose (typically such words including loose rhyme -u sː
like goose or caboose)o Standard We cannot afford to lose customers to our competitors
o Standard A screw is loose and I need a screwdriver to tighten it
o Non-standard If the team cannot score any points they will loose the
game
[edit] M
bull macerate marinate and marinade (From post-classical Latin marina brineshort for classical Latin aqua marina sea water)[5] In Standard English marinade
is a noun and not a verb marinate is the verb Macerate means to soften by
steeping in a liquid and in culinary terminology is used for non-protein itemsspecifically fruit [5] The word macerate is also used in science to soften bonerock etc in a liquid[5]
o Standard The meat will taste better if you marinate it in olive oil before
cookingo Standard Prepare the marinade by mixing vinegar and soy sauce
o Non-standard Marinade the meat in wine for half an hour
o Standard Macerate the fruit in wine for half an hour
o Non-standard Marinate the fruit in wine for half an hour
bull me myself and I In a traditional prescriptive grammar I is used only as a
subject me is used only as an object and myself is used only as a reflexive objectthat is to say when the subject is I and the object would otherwise be meMyself is often used incorrectly often in a form of hypercorrection Like the other reflexive pronouns myself should be used only when both the subject and objectof the verb are the speaker or as an emphatic pronoun (intensifier )
o Standard Jim and I took the train
o Standard He lent the books to Jim and me
o Standard That is I in the picture (This is very formal and seldom found
in speech)o Acceptable That is me in the picture (This is typical in informal English)
o Standard (intensifying) I myself have seen instances of that type
o Standard (reflexive) I hurt myself I did it to myself I played by myself Iwant to enjoy myself
o Non-standard Jim and me went into town
o Non-standard Me and Jim went into town
o Non-standard As for myself I prefer the red
o Non-standard He is an American like myself
o Non-standard He gave the paper to Jim and myself
o Non-standard My wife and myself do not like the development
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o Non-standard I wake upWith my eyes shut tightHoping tomorrow will
never comeFor you and I (Should be For you and me) (From You AndI Part II by Fleetwood Mac)
bull mitigate and militate To mitigate is to make something milder To militate is to
fight or exert pressure for something to happen or not to happeno Standard The seriousness of your crime was mitigated by the provocation
you were undero Standard Over-protective practices in this factory militate against
increased efficiencyo Non-standard Over-protective practices in this factory mitigate against
increased efficiency
[edit] N to R
bull novice and novitiate A novice is a prospective or trainee member of a religious
order The novitiate is the state of being a novice or the time for which one is anovice However a novice monk or nun is often incorrectly described as anovitiate (perhaps confused with initiate)
bull of and have In some dialects of spoken English of and the contracted form of have ve sound alike However in standard written English they are notinterchangeable
o Standard Susan would have stopped to eat but she was running late
o Standard You could have warned me
o Non-standard I should of known that the store would be closed (Should
be I shouldve known)
bull overestimate and underestimate There is frequent confusion between thingsthat cannot and should not be overunderestimated though the meanings areopposite
o Standard The damage caused by pollution cannot be overestimated (ie it
is so enormous that no estimate however high is excessive)o Standard The damage caused by pollution should not be underestimated
(ie it is wrong to regard it as minor)o Non-standard The damage caused by pollution cannot be underestimated
(literal meaning it is so minimal that no estimate is too small Intendedmeaning one of the previous two)
bull past and passed Past refers to events that have previously occurred while passed is the past tense of to pass whether in a congressional action or a physical occurrence
o Standard Congress passed the bill limiting the powers of the President
o Standard History is mainly concerned with the events of the past
o Non-standard He past my house on his way to the store
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bull peremptory and preemptive A peremptory act or statement is absolute it cannot be denied A preemptive action is one taken before an adversary can act
o Standard He issued a peremptory order
o Standard Preemptive air strikes stopped the enemy from launching the
new warship
bull perpetrate and perpetuate To perpetrate something is to commit it while to perpetuate is something is to cause it to continue or to keep happening
o Standard The gang perpetrated outrages against several citizens
o Standard The stories only serve to perpetuate the legend that the house is
haunted
bull perquisite and prerequisite Perquisite usually means an extra allowance or privilege Prerequisite means something required as a condition
o Standard He had all the perquisites of a movie star including a stand-in
o Standard Passing the examination was one of the prerequisites for a
teaching position
bull perspective and prospective Perspective is a view with correct visual anglesexample parallel railway tracks converging in the distance Prospective is afuture possibility or expectation
bull perspicuity and perspicacity If something is perspicuous it is easily understoodits meaning is obvious If one is perspicacious then one is quick to understand or has good insight
o Standard I admired her perspicacity she just seemed to get it so much
better than I
o Standard He expressed the idea so perspicuously that anyone couldunderstand
o Non-standard She spoke in a perspicacious way
bull peruse means to read or examine very carefully but is sometimes usederroneously when the exact opposite is meant to read superficially to glanceover quickly to skim
bull photogenic and photographic The former is to be used to mean someoneslikeness is particularly amenable to being well photographed The latter isanything pertaining to photography whether it is technical eg photographic
chemical or equipment or generic eg photographic journals
bull prescribe and proscribe To prescribe something is to command or recommendit To proscribe somebody or something is to outlaw him her or it
bull progeny and prodigy Progeny are offspring or things that follow something elseA prodigy is a genius or a marvelous example of something
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bull Quartary and quaternary Quartary (from Latin quartarius) is the fourthmember of an ordinal number word series beginning with (primary secondarytertiary) and continuing with (quintary sextary )[6] Quaternary (from Latinquaternarius) is the fourth member of a distributive number word series beginning with (singular binary ternary) and continuing with (quinary senary
septenary octonary centenary)[7][8]
In biology the non-standard usage Quaternary structure is so firmly entrenchedthat to refer to Quartary structure would be incorrect
bull redundant does not mean useless or unable to perform its function It meansthat there is an excess of something that something is surplus to requirementsand no longer needed or that it is obsolete
o Standard A new pill that will instantly cure any illness has made
antibiotics redundant (Antibiotics could still be used to cure illnesses butthey are no longer needed because a better pill has been invented)
o
Standard The week before Christmas the company made seventy-fiveworkers redundanto Non-standard Over-use of antibiotics risks making them redundant (This
should read over-use of antibiotics risks making them ineffective)
bull regimen and regiment A regimen is a system of order and may often refer to thesystematic dosing of medication A regiment is a military unit
o Standard The sick soldier was removed from his regiment
o Standard The sick soldier was ordered to complete a regimen of
amoxicillin
bull
reign and rein A reign refers to the rule of a monarch Reins are the straps usedto control the movements of an animal (typically a horse) Thus to take thereins means to assume control and to have free rein means to be free of constraints[9]
o Non-standard the Suns gave Sports Illustrateds Jack McCallum free
reign of practices[10] o Non-standard Bobby Jindal a whiz kid takes the reigns of Louisianas
Department of Health and Hospital[11]
[edit] S to T
bull sensual and sensuous Both words mean to do with the senses Sensual is moreoften applied to a pleasure or experience or to a persons character sensuous tosomeone or something of enticing appearance
o Standard Don Juan is the most sensual character in fiction
o Standard Ascetics believe in avoiding all sensual pleasures
o Standard Marilyn Monroe looks extremely sensuous in this film clip
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bull set and sit When used as a verb to set means to place or to adjust to a valuewhereas to sit means to be seated
o Standard Set the pot upon the stove
o Standard Set the temperature-control to 100 degC
o Non-standard Set down over there
o Non-standard Sit the pot on the stoveo Standard Sit on the chair
bull shrink and shirk To shirk means to consistently avoid to neglect to be tooafraid to engage To shrink means to contract to become physically smaller insize also to shrink away means to suddenly jerk away from something inhorror However to shrink from may also mean to hesitate or show reluctancetoward
o Standard I will not shirk discussion
o Standard I will not shrink from discussion
o Standard She shrank away from me
o Non-standard I will not shrink discussiono Non-standard I will not shirk from discussion
bull sight site and cite A sight is something seen a site is a place To cite is to quoteor list as a source
o Standard You are a sight for sore eyes
o Standard I found a list of the sights of Rome on a tourist site
o Standard Please cite the sources you used in your essay
o Standard You must travel to the site of the dig to see the dinosaur bones
o Standard It is necessary to have line-of-sight if you want to use
semaphore
o Non-standard One must be careful on a construction sighto Non-standard I will site the book in which I saw the statistics
o Non-standard I could not fire because I did not have line-of-site to the
target
bull temblor and trembler A temblor is an earthquake A trembler is something thattrembles
bull than and then Than is a grammatical particle and preposition associated withcomparatives whereas then is an adverb and a noun In certain dialects the twowords are usually homophones because they are function words with reduced
vowels and this may cause speakers to confuse themo Standard I like pizza more than lasagne
o Standard We ate dinner then went to the movies
o Non-standard You are a better person then I am
bull there their theyre and therere There refers to the location of somethingTheir means belonging to them Theyre is a contraction of They are Therere
is a contraction of there are[citation needed ]
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o Standard Therere five of them and theyre all coming to the restaurant for
their dinner we will meet them there
bull theres wheres etc A common spoken mistake is using a singular contractionwhen it should be plural in words like theres and wheres This stems from the
fact that therere and wherere are more difficult to enunciate and are oftenavoided for that reason in colloquial speecho Non-standard Wheres the cars (Should be Wherere)
o Non-standard Theres many types of cars (Should be Therere)
bull to too Too means in excess or also To is a preposition or is a part of a verbin the infinitive At the end of a sentence to may also refer to a dropped verb inthe infinitive
bull trimester A trimester is a period of three months[12][13] Because it is mostcommonly used in conjunction with a nine-month academic year [14] or a nine-
month term of human pregnancy[15]
it is sometimes wrongly assumed thattrimester is simply a synonym for one third[16][17] o Standard One calendar year contains four trimesters
o Non-standard Without further delay then comes ESPNcoms annual
(and overdue) First Trimester Report ushering folks back to the office bytaking stock of the seasons opening third[18]
[edit] U to Z
bull venal and venial These words are sometimes confused venal means corruptable to be bribed or for sale venial means pardonable not serious[2][19]
o Standard According to Catholic doctrine eating meat on a Friday is avenial sin but murder is a mortal sin
o Standard All ages have examples of venal politicians
bull warranty and warrantee A warranty is a legal assurance that some object can perform some specified task or meets certain quality standards A warrantee is the person who benefits from a warranty The verb form is warrant Confusion herecan stem from guarantee and the less common guaranty which have similar meanings
o Standard Most new cars come with at least a three-year warranty
o Standard I guarantee that you will make a return on your investment
o Non-standard Your mobile phone has stopped working Maybe you needto claim under the warrantee
bull whose and whos Whose is an interrogative word (Whose is this) or a relative pronoun (The people whose house you admired) whos is a contraction for whois or who has
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bull wont and wont Wont is a contraction for will not while wont is a wordmeaning accustomed or inclined to (as an adjective) or habit or custom (as anoun)
o Standard He wont let me drive his car
o Standard He spent the morning reading as he was wont to do
o Standard He took a walk in the evening as was his wonto Non-standard I wont need to go to the supermarket after all
bull youre and your While they sound the same in many dialects in standard writtenEnglish they have separate meanings Youre is a contraction for you are and your is a possessive pronoun meaning belonging to you When in doubt just seewhether the word in question can logically be expanded to you are
o Standard When driving always wear your seatbelt
o Standard If youre going out please be home by ten oclock
o Non-standard Youre mother called this morning
o Non-standard Your the first person to notice my new haircut today
bull aggravate ndash Some prescriptivists have argued that this word should not be used inthe sense of to annoy or to oppress but only to mean to make worseHowever this proscription against to annoy is not rooted in history Accordingto AHDI the annoy usage occurs in English as far back as the 17th centuryfurthermore in Latin from which the word was borrowed both meanings wereused[1] Sixty-eight percent of AHD4s Usage Panel approves of its use in Its theendless wait for luggage that aggravates me the most about air travel [2] M-Wmentions that while aggravate in the sense of to rouse to displeasure or anger byusually persistent and often petty goading has been around since the 17thcentury disapproval of that usage only appeared around 1870[3] RH states in its
usage note under aggravate that The two most common senses of aggravate areto make worse and to annoy or exasperate Both senses first appeared in theearly 17th century at almost the same time the corresponding two senses of thenoun aggravation also appeared then Both senses of aggravate and aggravation
have been standard since then[4] Chambers cites this usage as colloquial andthat it is well established especially in spoken English although it is sometimesregarded as incorrect[5]
o Disputed usage Its the endless wait for luggage that aggravates me the
most about air travelo Undisputed usage Being hit on the head by a falling brick aggravated my
already painful headache
bull aint ndash originally a contraction of am not this word is widely used as areplacement for arent isnt havent and hasnt as well While aint hasexisted in the English language for a very long time and it is a common normalword in many dialects in both North America and the British Isles it is not a partof standard English and its use in formal writing is not recommended by mostusage commentators Its unselfconscious use in speech may tend to mark thespeaker as uneducated Nevertheless aint is used by educated speakers and
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writers for deliberate effect what Oxford American Dictionary describes astongue-in-cheek or reverse snobbery and what Merriam-Webster Collegiate
calls emphatic effect or a consistently informal style[6]
bull alibi ndash Some prescriptivists argue this cannot be used in the non-legal sense of
an explanation or excuse to avoid blame or justify action AHD4 notes that thisusage was acceptable to almost half[7] of the Usage Panel while most opposedthe words use as a verb M-W mentions no usage problems listing the disputedmeaning second to its legal sense without comment OED cites the non-legal nounand verb usages as colloquial and orig[inally] US[8] Chambers deems this usecolloquial[9]
bull alright ndash An alternate to all right that some consider illiterate but others allowRH says that it probably arose in analogy with other similar words such asaltogether and already it does concede the use in writing as informal and thatall right is used in more formal edited writing[10] AHD4 flags alright as
nonstandard
[11]
and comments that this unacceptance (compared to altogether etc) is peculiar and may be due to its relative recentness (altogether andalready date back to the Middle Ages alright only a little over a century)[12]
Chambers refers to varying levels of formality of all right deeming alright to bemore casual it recommends the use of all right in writing for readers who are precise about the use of language[13]
bull also ndash Some prescriptivists contend this word should not be used to begin asentence AHD4 says 63 percent of the Usage Panel found acceptable theexample The warranty covers all power-train components Also participating dealers back their work with a free lifetime service guarantee[14] See also and amp
but below
bull alternate ndash In British English this adjective means according to OED and other sources switching between two options or similar It does not mean the same asalternative (see next) which OED specifically marks as an American meaning of alternate In international English it is thus thought better to observe the Britishdistinction then the meanings of alternative and alternate will be clear toeveryone (See meanings given at M-W the same applies to the adverbsalternately and alternatively)
bull alternative ndash Some prescriptivists argue that alternative should be used onlywhen the number of choices involved is exactly two While AHD4 allows thewords longstanding use to mean one of a number of things from which only onecan be chosen and the acceptance of this usage by many language critics it goeson to state that only 49 of its Usage panel approves of its use as in Of the threealternatives the first is the least distasteful[15] Neither M-W[16] nor RH[17]
mentions any such restriction to a choice of two Chambers qualifies its definitionas referring to strictly speaking two but often used of more than two possibilities[18]
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bull ampm ndash These are Latin abbreviations for the adverbial phrases antemeridiem (before noon) and post meridiem (after noon) Some prescriptivistsargue that they thus should not be used in English as nouns meaning morningand afternoon however such use is consistent with ordinary nominalizationfeatures of English AHD4 lists adjectival usage with an AM appointment [19]
and a PM appointment[20]
RH gives Shall we meet Saturday am[19]
withoutcomment it gives no corresponding example at pm so that usage can only beextrapolated Also the National Institute of Standards and Technology (nd)contends it is incorrect to use 12 am or 12 pm to mean either noon or midnight
bull amongamongst and between ndash The traditionalist view is that between shouldonly be used when there are only two objects for comparison and among or amongst should be used for more than two objects Most style guides anddictionaries do not support this advice saying that between can be used to refer tosomething that is in the time space or interval that separates more than two itemsM-W says that the idea that between can be used only of two items is persistent
but unfounded
[21]
and AHD4 calls it a widely repeated but unjustified tradition[22] The OED says In all senses between has been from its earliest appearanceextended to more than two[23] Chambers says It is acceptable to use between
with reference to more than two people or things although does state that among
may be more appropriate in some circumstances[24] o Undisputed usage I parked my car between the two telegraph poles
o Undisputed usage Youll find my brain between my ears
o Disputed usage The duck swam between the reeds
o Disputed usage They searched the area between the river the farmhouse
and the woodso Undisputed usage We shared the money evenly amongst the three of us
o
Disputed usage We shared the money between Tom Dick and meo Undisputed usage My house was built among the gum trees
bull amount ndash Some prescriptivists argue amount should not be substituted for number They recommend the use of number if the thing referred to is countableand amount only if it is uncountable While RH acknowledges the traditionaldistinction between amount and number it mentions that [a]lthough objected tothe use of amount instead of number with countable nouns occurs in both speechand writing especially when the noun can be considered as a unit or group (theamount of people present the amount of weapons) or when it refers to money(the amount of dollars paid the amount of pennies in the till)[25] (see also less)
o
Disputed usage I was amazed by the amount of people who visited mywebsite (With knowledge of the exact number)o Undisputed usage The number of people in the lift must not exceed 10
o Undisputed usage I was unimpressed by the amount of water consumed
by the elephant
bull and ndash Some prescriptivists argue that sentences should not begin with the wordand on the argument that as a conjunction it should only join clauses within a
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sentence AHD4 states that this stricture has been ridiculed by grammarians for decades and ignored by writers from Shakespeare to Joyce Carol Oates[26] RHstates Both and and but and to a lesser extent or and so are common astransitional words at the beginnings of sentences in all types of speech andwriting it goes on to suggest that opposition to this usage probably stems from
the overuse of such sentences by inexperienced writers[27]
ENCARTA opinesthat said opposition comes from too literal an understanding of the joiningfunction of conjunctions and states that any overuse is a matter of poor style notgrammatical correctness[28] COED calls the usage quite acceptable[29] Manyverses of the King James Bible begin with and as does William Blakes poem And did those feet in ancient time (aka Jerusalem) Fowlers Modern EnglishUsage defends this use of and Chambers states that Although it is sometimesregarded as poor style it is not ungrammatical to begin a sentence with and [30]
See also also above and but below
bull anxious ndash Some prescriptivists argue that this word should only be used in the
sense of worried or worrisome (compare anxiety) but it has been used inthe sense of eager for over 250 years 52 of AHD4s Usage Panel accepts itsuse in the sentence We are anxious to see the new show of contemporarysculpture at the museum Also it suggests that the use of anxious to mean eager
may be mild hyperbole as the use of dying in the sentence Im dying to see your new baby[31] RH states bluntly that its use in the sense of eageris fullystandard[32] M-W defines anxious as 3 ardently or earnestly wishing ltanxiousto learn moregt synonym see EAGER[33] Chambers gives 3 very eager bullanxious to do well[34]
[edit] B
bull barbaric and barbarous mdash Barbaric applies to the culture of barbarians and may be positive (barbaric splendor) barbarous applies to the behavior of barbariansand is negative (barbarous cruelty) This is standard English usage HoweverM-W equates the third meaning of barbaric with the third of barbarous thatis mercilessly harsh or cruel[35] COD11 and Chambers list savagely cruel andcruel and brutal excessively harsh or vicious[36] respectively as the first
meanings for barbaric Only AHD4 disallows this usage and without comment[37]
o Undisputed The environment of the venue was barbaric
o Undisputed Terrorism is barbarous
o Disputed Capital punishment is a disgusting barbaric measure
bull begging the question In logic begging the question is another term for petitio
principii or arguing in a circle in other words making assumptions in advanceabout the very issue in dispute Now often used to mean simply leading to thequestion
o Undisputed You argue that Christianity must be true because the Bible
says so Isnt that begging the question
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o Disputed You want to go to the theatre That begs the question which day
we should go
bull but ndash Some prescriptivists argue that if and should not be used to begin sentencesthen neither should but These words are both conjunctions thus they believe that
they should be used only to link clauses within a sentence AHD4 states that itmay be used to begin a sentence at all levels of style [38]
[edit] C
bull can and may ndash Some prescriptivists argue that can refers to possibility and may
refers to permission and insist on maintaining this distinction although usage of can to refer to permission is pervasive in spoken and very frequent in writtenEnglish M-W notes Can and may are most frequently interchangeable in sensesdenoting possibility because the possibility of ones doing something may (or can) depend on anothers acquiescence they have also become interchangeable in
the sense denoting permission The use of can to ask or grant permission has beencommon since the 19th century and is well established although somecommentators feel may is more appropriate in formal contexts May is relativelyrare in negative constructions (maynt is not common) cannot and cant are usualin such contexts[39] AHD4 echoes this sentiment of formality noting that only21 of the Usage Panel accepted can in the example Can I take another week tosubmit the application[40] For its part OED labels the use of can for may ascolloquial[41]
bull comprise ndash Comprise means to consist of A second meaning to compose or constitute is sometimes attacked by usage writers However it is supported as
sense 3 along with a usage note in M-W[42] and although AHD4 notes the usageas a usage problem its usage note says Our surveys show that opposition tothis usage is abating In the 1960s 53 percent of the Usage Panel found this usageunacceptable in 1996 only 35 percent objected[43]
o Undisputed usage The English Wikipedia comprises more than two
million articleso Disputed usage The English Wikipedia comprises of more than two
million articleso Disputed usage The English Wikipedia is comprised of more than two
million articleso Disputed usage More than two million articles comprise the English
Wikipediao Disputed usage Diatoms comprise more than 70 of all phytoplankton
o Undisputed usage Diatoms constitute more than 70 of all
phytoplanktono Disputed usage Those in the industry have mostly scoffed at the young
inexperienced Carter and the rest of the high school pals that comprise thecompany[44]
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Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] D
bull deprecate ndash The original meaning in English is deplore or express disapproval
of (the Latin from which the word derives means pray to avert evil suggestingthat some event would be a calamity) The word is now also used to mean playdown belittle or devalue a shift that some prescriptivists disapprove of as itsuggests the word is being confused with the similar word depreciate in factAHD4 states that in this sense deprecate has almost completely supplanteddepreciate however a majority of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved thissense[45] Its use with the approximate meaning to declare obsolete in computer jargon is also sometimes condemned
bull diagnose ndash Cochrane (2004) states that to diagnose [someone] with a disease isan incorrect usage of the verb diagnose which takes the physician as subject and
a disease as object (eg to diagnose cancer) In American English according toAHD4[46] and M-W[47] the sense of diagnose [someone] with a disease is listedwithout comment or tag however for its part RH does not list such a usage withor without comment For British English COD11 offers identify the medicalcondition of (someone) she was diagnosed as having epilepsy (2004) this usagehowever did not appear in editions as recently as the 1990s Chambers does notoffer this sense at all[48]
o Disputed usage Mr Smith was diagnosed with diabetes
o Undisputed usage The doctor diagnosed diabetes
bull different ndash Standard usage in both Britain and America is different from (on the
analogy of to differ from) In Britain this competes with different to (coinedon the analogy of similar to) In America it competes with different than(coined on the analogy of other than) Different to is also found in IrishAustralian and New Zealand English
o Undisputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different
from the Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different to the
Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different than
the British
bull disinterested ndash Standard usage is as a word for unbiased but some have alsorendered it synonymous with uninterested or apathetic
o Undisputed usage As their mutual best friend I tried to remain
disinterested in their argument so as not to anger eithero Disputed usage The key to attracting a member of the opposite sex is to
balance between giving attention to him or her and appearingdisinterested
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bull due to ndash The adjectival use of due to is undisputed Its adverbial use howeverhas been a subject of dispute for many years as witnessed by several (especiallyUS) dictionary usage notes that in the end designate it as standard WilliamStrunk in his Elements of style labelled the disputed adverbial use of due to asincorrect [49] Although the first (1926) edition of FOWLER condemned the
adverbial use as common only among the illiterate the third (1996) editionsaid Opinion remains sharply divided but it begins to look as if this use of due
to will form part of the natural language of the 21C as one more example of aforgotten battle Due to is frequently used in place of from for with of because
of and other prepositions Undisputed synonyms for due to are caused by andattributable to
o Disputed usage He died due to cancer (He died of cancer)
o Disputed usage Due to the end of the Second War circumstances altered
profoundly (With the end of the Second War circumstances altered profoundly)
o Disputed usage The project failed due to lack of funds (The project
failed for lack of funds) o Undisputed usage His death was due to cancer
o Undisputed usage Many thought the problem was due to mismanagement
[edit] E
bull enormity ndash Frequently used as a synonym for enormousness or immensity but traditionally means extreme wickedness According to AHD4 thisdistinction has not always occurred historically but is now supported by 59 of the dictionarys Usage Panel[50] COD11 states that enormity as a synonym for hugeness is now broadly accepted as standard English Although Chambers lists
immenseness or vastness as a meaning it says it should not be used in thatsense commenting that it is encountered often because the word enormousness isawkward it recommends using instead another word such as hugeness greatness etc[51]
o Disputed usage The enormity of the elephant astounded me
o Traditional usage The enormity of Stalins purges astounds me
[edit] F
bull farther and further ndash Many prescriptivists adhere to the rule that farther only
should refer to matters of physical distance or position while further should bereserved for usages involving time or degree (as well as undisputed descriptionsof moreover and in addition)
o Disputed usage San Jose is further from LA than Santa Barbara
o Disputed usage LA was a couple hours farther from home than I
expectedo Disputed usage If her fever increases any farther I will call the doctor
o Undisputed usage I would like to discuss the issue further at a later time
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bull fortuitously ndash Used by some interchangeably with fortunately strictly speaking fortuitousness is a reference to an occurrence depending on chance M-W notesthat use of the word in sense of fortunate has been in standard use for at least 70years and notes that the sense of coming or happening by a lucky chance isvirtually unnoticed by usage critics[52][clarification needed ]
[edit] G
bull gender ndash Gender is often used interchangeably with sex in the sense of the biological or social quality male and female It is never used to refer to sexualintercourse
o Gender traditionally refers to grammatical gender a feature in the
grammar of a number of different languages Some prescriptivists arguethat its use as a euphemism for sex is to be avoided as a genteelismFowler (p 211) says it is used either as a jocularityor a blunder
o Sex and gender can be used in different but related senses with sex
referring to biological characteristics and gender to social roles andexpectations based on sex Use of gender as interchangeable with or as areplacement for sex may confuse readers who draw this distinction See
gender identity gender role
[edit] H
bull hoi polloi ndash The question surrounding hoi polloi is whether it is appropriate to usethe article the preceding the phrase it arises because hoi is the Greek word for the in the phrase and classical purists complain that adding the makes the phrase
redundant the the common people Foreign phrases borrowed into English areoften reanalyzed as single grammatical units requiring an English article inappropriate contexts AHD4 says The Arabic element al- means the andappears in English nouns such as alcohol and alchemy Thus since no one wouldconsider a phrase such as the alcohol to be redundant criticizing the hoi polloi onsimilar grounds seems pedantic[53]
bull hopefully ndash Some prescriptivists argue this word should not be used as anexpression of confidence in an outcome however M-W classes hopefully withother words such as interestingly frankly and unfortunately (which areunremarkably used in a similar way) as disjuncts and describes this usage as
entirely standard
[54]
AHD4 however notes that opposition to this usage by their usage panels has grown from 56 to 73 despite support for similar disjuncts(such as 60 support for the use of mercifully in Mercifully the game ended before the opponents could add another touchdown to the lopsided score) AHD4opines that this opposition is not to the use of these adverbs in general but thatthis use of hopefully has become a shibboleth[55] OED lists this usage withoutany colloquial or other label other than to say Avoided by many writers[56]
See also the discussion of hopefully as a dangling modifier One investigation in
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modern corpora on Language Log revealed that outside fiction where it stillrepresents 40 of all uses (the other qualifying primarily speech and gazes)disjunct uses account for the vast majority (over 90) of all uses of the word[57]
o Disputed usage Hopefully Ill get that scholarship
o Undisputed usage The prisoner thought hopefully about the prospect for
escape when he realized the guards accidentally left his cell unlocked
Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] L
bull less ndash Some prescriptivists argue that less should not be substituted for fewer Merriam-Webster notes The traditional view is that less applies to matters of degree value or amount and modifies collective nouns mass nouns or nounsdenoting an abstract whole while fewer applies to matters of number and modifies plural nouns Less has been used to modify plural nouns since the days of King
Alfred and the usage though roundly decried appears to be increasing Less ismore likely than fewer to modify plural nouns when distances sums of moneyand a few fixed phrases are involved ltless than 100 milesgt ltan investment of less
than $2000gt ltin 25 words or lessgt and as likely as fewer to modify periods of time ltin less (or fewer ) than four hoursgt[58]
o Disputed usage This lane 12 items or less
o Undisputed usage We had fewer players on the team this season
o Undisputed usage There is less water in the tank now
bull like and as ndash Some prescriptivists object to the use of like as a conjunction statingit is rather a preposition and that only as would be appropriate in this
circumstance M-W however cites likes use as a conjunction as standard sincethe 14th century and opines that opposition to it is perhaps more heated thanrational (see M-Ws entry like [7 conjunction]) AHD4 says Writers sinceChaucers time have used like as a conjunction but 19th-century and 20th-centurycritics have been so vehement in their condemnations of this usage that a writer who uses the construction in formal style risks being accused of illiteracy or worse and recommends using as in formal speech and writing[59] OED does nottag it as colloquial or nonstandard but notes Used as conj[unction] = like asas Now generally condemned as vulgar or slovenly though examples may befound in many recent writers of standing[60] Chambers lists the conjunctive useas colloquial[61]
o Undisputed usage He is an American as am Io Undisputed usage He is an American like me
o Undisputed usage It looks as if this play will be a flop
o Undisputed usage This play looks like a flop
o Disputed usage He is an American like I am
o Disputed usage It looks like this play will be a flop
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bull literally ndash Some prescriptivists argue literally should not be used as a mereemphatic unless the thing to which it refers is actually true It is used todisambiguate a possible metaphorical interpretation of a phrase M-W does notcondemn the second use which means in effect or virtually but says the useis pure hyperbole intended to gain emphasis but it often appears in contexts
where no additional emphasis is necessary[62]
o Disputed usage The party literally went with a bang (No it did not
unless there was an actual loud noise)o Undisputed usage I literally ran more than 25 miles today I ran a
marathon
bull loan ndash The use of loan as a verb meaning to give out a loan is disputed withlend being preferred for the verb form AHD4 flatly states [t]he verb loan is wellestablished in American usage and cannot be considered incorrect[63] M-W statesloan is entirely standard as a verb[64] RH says Sometimes mistakenlyidentified as an Americanism loan as a verb meaning to lend has been used in
English for nearly 800 years it further states that objections to this use arecomparatively recent[65] Chambers defines the verb loan as to lend (especiallymoney)[66] OED merely states Now chiefly US[67] and COD11 includes themeaning without tag or comment
o Undisputed usage I lent him some money
o Undisputed usage Fill out the paperwork for a loan
o Disputed usage I loaned him some money
[edit] M
bull may and might ndash May should only be used where the event in question is still
possible not for something that was possible in the past or for a hypothetical present possibility Might is properly the past tense form of may (In similar fashion could should and would are all past tense forms for can shalland will respectively)
o Undisputed usage My brother may have gone to China last week
( perhaps he did )o Disputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother may have gone
to China last week (but he didnt )o Undisputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother might have
gone to China last weeko Disputed usage He thought it may be true (but it wasnt )
o Undisputed usage He thought it might be true
bull meet ndash Some prescriptivists state that as a transitive verb in the context to cometogether by chance or arrangement meet (as in meet (someone)) does not requirea preposition between verb and object the phrase meet with (someone) is deemedincorrect Chambers flags this usage US[68] RH allows it in the sense of to joinas for conference or instruction I met with her an hour a day until we solved the problem[69] On the other hand none of M-W AHD4 or COD11 entertains this
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usage NOTE In the sense of fulfilling prerequisites or criteria (We met with theentry requirements) or that of encountering (Our suggestions may meet with
opposition the soldiers met with machine-gun fire) the verb phrase meet with isnot in dispute
o Disputed usage I will meet with you tonight
o
Undisputed usage I will meet you tonight
bull momentarily ndash Traditionally momentarily means for a moment but its use tomean in a moment is sometimes disputed M-W[70] and RH[71] give this latter usage a standard entry without comment while OED[72] and Chambers[73] tag itNAmer AHD4 has a usage note indicating that 59 of their Usage Paneldeems this usage unacceptable[74]
o Disputed usage Your feature presentation will begin momentarily
o Undisputed usage The flash from the atom bomb momentarily lit up the
night sky
[edit] N
bull nauseous ndash Traditionally nauseous means causing nausea (synonymous withnauseating) it is commonly used now as a synonym for queasy that ishaving the feeling of nausea AHD4 notes the traditional view stating that 72 of the Usage Panel preferred nauseated over nauseous to mean affected withnausea however 88 of that same panel preferred nauseating to nauseous tomean causing nausea in other words a maximum of only 28 prefersnauseous in either case It also states that in common usage nauseous issynonymous with nauseated but deems this usage incorrect[75] M-W howeverasserts that [t]hose who insist that nauseous is an error for nauseated are
mistaken[76] Both M-W and AHD4 accept that nauseous is supplantingnauseated for feeling nausea and in turn being replaced by nauseating for causing nausea in general usage they only differ on the correctness of thechange RH states The two literal senses of nauseous [] appear in English atalmost the same time in the early 17th century and both senses are in standard useat the present time Nauseous is more common than nauseated in the senseaffected with nausea despite recent objections by those who imagine the sense to be new[77] CHAMBERS lists the sense of causing nausea first and affected withnausea second[78] while COD11 gives the affliction first and causation second both dictionaries list the entries without comment OED goes further tagging itsnauseated usage as Orig[inally] US but demoted its nauseating usage to
literary OED also notes that the original (now obsolete) sense of the word inEnglish was inclined to sickness or nausea squeamish[79] Curiously this oldestseventeenth-century meaning (inclined to nausea) while distinct from thedisputed twentieth-century usage (afflicted by nausea) more closely resemblesthe latter than it does the prescribed meaning (causing nausea)
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseous
o Disputed usage That smell is making me nauseous
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseating
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 2941
future tense (The supervisor will be back presently)[80] M-W mentions the samevintage for the sense of now and that it is not clear why it is objectionable[81]
AHD4 states that despite its use nowadays in literate speech and writing thatthere is still lingering prejudice against this use In the late 1980s only 50 of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved of the sentence General Walters is hellip
presently the United States Ambassador to the United Nations[82]
COD11 lists both usages without comment CHAMBERS merely flags the sense of now asN Amer especially US[83]
o Disputed usage I am presently reading Wikipedia
o Undisputed usage I will be finished with that activity presently
[edit] R
bull refute ndash The traditional meaning of refute is disprove or dispel with reasoned
arguments It is now often used as a synonym for deny The latter sense islisted without comment by M-W[84] and AHD4[85] while CHAMBERS tags it ascolloquial[86] COD11 states that Traditionalists object to [the use of refute asdeny] but it is now widely accepted in standard English However RH does notmention this use at all[87]
bull relatively ndash Literally meaning compared to some now use relatively to meanmoderately or somewhat AHD4 does not list this usage at all [88] M-W hasapparently blended the two usages in one[89]
o Disputed usage That man was relatively annoying
o Undisputed usage Though relatively harmless when compared to
dimethylmercury mercury (II) oxide is still quite toxic
[edit] S
bull Scotch Scots and Scottish ndash Formerly English people used Scotch whereScottish people used Scottish The current convention is as follows
o Scottish for people
o Scotch for things (especially whisky)
o Scots for institutions (Scots law Scots language)
bull
seek ndash This means look for but is used to mean try or want This usage iscriticised by Fowler in the entry Formal Words
o Disputed usage we did seek to resolve the Iraq crisis by peaceful
means those who seek to emulate his legacy of murder the Liberalsseek to undermine that future[attribution needed ]
o Undisputed usage Seek and ye shall find
[edit] T
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3041
bull than mdash Than is the subject of a longstanding dispute as to its status as a preposition or conjunction see than For the disputed construction different thansee Different
bull they mdash Prescriptivists regard this as a plural pronoun that uses a third person
plural verb conjugation (see below they show) but the word is now commonlyused especially in speech and informal writing as a non-gender-specific third- person singular pronoun (which modern English otherwise lacks) Alternativesinclude he or she and generic he Some writers argue that generic he isgeneric (as the name implies) and thus includes both sexes Others find it sexist or too old-fashioned The pronouns you or one can be used in some sentences
o Disputed usage A person is rude if they show no respect for their hosts
o Undisputed usage One is rude if one shows no respect for ones hosts
o Undisputed usage It is rude not to show respect for hosts
o Undisputed usage Many people have told me that they are satisfied with
their food
bull thusly mdash Thusly (AHD4 suggests) was originally coined by educated writers tomake fun of uneducated persons trying to sound genteel[90] Thusly howeverdiffused into popular usage Some people accept it as an adverb in its own rightwhile others believe thus should be used in all cases The word thusly appearswith no associated usage notes in M-W[91] COD11 tags it as informal with theentry thus tagged as literary or formal CHAMBERS does not list the word atall and it is unknown in British usage[92]
[edit] U
bull unique ndash Some prescriptivists argue that unique only means sole or unequaled (British spelling unequalled) but most dictionaries give a thirdmeaning unusual which can be qualified by very or somewhat as in Thetheme of the party was somewhat unique see comparison Almost unique isuniversally acceptable[citation needed ]
[edit] W
bull
whilst and while mdash Penguin Working Words recommends while only and notesthat whilst is old-fashioned Cambridge Guide to English Usage and M-WsWebsters Guide to English Usage comment on its regional character and notethat it is rare in American usage It is thus safer to use only while in internationalEnglish (See the article While for further sources deprecating the use of whilst and cautioning about uses of while)
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3141
bull who mdash Some prescriptivists argue that who should be used only as a subject pronoun the corresponding object pronoun being whom Strictly speakingusing who instead of whom is substituting a subjective pronoun for an objective pronoun and hence is the same as using she instead of her (eg I talked to she
today) Most people never use whom in spoken English and instead use who for
all cases Those who use whom in everyday speech may recognize substitution of who as substandard FOWLER has an extensive entry on who and whom
including several quotes from major publications where whom is used incorrectlyo Undisputed usage You are talking to whom
o Disputed usage You are talking to who
o Undisputed usage To whom are you talking
o Disputed usage To who are you talking
o Disputed usage far more hostile to Diana whom she believes betrayed
the Prince of WalesmdashIndependent Mag 1993 (FOWLER)o Undisputed usage far more hostile to Diana who she believes betrayed
the Prince of Wales
o Disputed usage Whom do men say that I am (Mark 927 King JamesVersion)
bull whoever mdash This extension of who (see above) along with its object formwhomever is attended by the same uncertainties as who along with whom and isdiscussed in the same sources (See the relevant section at Who)
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever wants it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever you think should have it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whomever you choose to give it
o Disputed usage Give it to whoever you choose to give it to
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever wants it
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever you think should have it
Module - Pair work - Asking questions to yourpartner
Hey
with Group 2 we first talked a little about food at the beginning of the class as awarm up And here is what we said
to be written by Franc
Then today was the first day that we worked in pairs You had to find informationabout superhero characters asking questions to your partner
Here are the two worksheets if you still need to complete them
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW you need to be able to speak about the picture of a super hero + speak about
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their story + give the common points between all the super heroes presented Yourpresentation will last about 3 to 5 minutes You can send me some drafts (brouillon)if neededBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - Tale LV2
Southern Trees - beginning of the study
Hey
today we first warmed up about your future jobs while waiting for those who werelate Here is what you said
I would like to become an architect when I leave highschool (Selma)I want to study law to be a lawyer maybe ( Jeacuterocircme)
Structures WANT TO WOULD LIKE TO -- Attention aux noms de meacutetiers quisont preacuteceacutedeacutes de larticle aan
Then we did a quick recap about what Jim Crow laws used to be Here is what wesaid
bull Jim Crow Laws
These were laws about racial segregation until the end of the 1960sBlacks were not allowed to go to school with Whites
Blacks were not allowed to attend school with WhitesBlacks were forbidden to live together there were separate water
fountains rest rooms or entrances at restaurantsThey were prohibited to sit at the front of a bus
bull KKK(1865-)
white Protestantssupremacy of the white race
white costumesterrorism and violence to oppress Blacks
Finally we listened to the text and we started our general comprehesion by
highlighting the important information about the type of document the places thetime Here is what we wrote
bull Text Southern Trees
- type of doc extract from the autobiographic novel of Billie Holliday- who Billie Holliday Lewis Allen piano player of Billie Pop audience bitch
- where in New-York at Cafe Society on 52nd Street Miami Los Angeles
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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- when published in 1956
HW you need to finish answering the usual wh- questions about the text (inparticular about the feelings of the characters involved) You also need to divide thetext into 2 parts give them a title and justify your titles
NB you will have a vocabulary test next week with the words from the lesson andthe words from the tool box p 53 You may also have a test about the text andabout racial discrimination in the US on Wednesday It will depend on how far we areinto the study of the document Southern TreesBy English Prof
Enter comment - View comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Spiderman - Page 3
This morning with the whole class we first warmed up with why I was a little late inclass Here is what we wrote
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
Then we studied the last page from Spiderman
There was a secretary for each person that spoke about a panel Here are the notesthat we took while they were speaking
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
HW you will be able to speak about the document at the beginning of the class in arow (dun seul trait )You can download the last page here
By English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Oral tests about picture presentation + Lastsuperhero activity in pair work
Hey
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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today in module I asked you to speak about the picture p 152 that you had tocomment You need to improve your analysis Ill be asking other students next timeagain
Here is an example of presentation Its not perfect but its a rather good one
The document is a picture where there are two parts In the first part wecan see a white family at the bottom who is sitting in a garden They looksurprised and they are looking at the second family who feels happy and
impressed Contrary to the white family they are standing and clad with
their traditional dress Its a black family
To me the scene takes place in the USA and the goal of this picture is todenounce discrimination which treats people differently in society
The photographer aims at criticizing segregation In this photo theseparation is represented by the fence which is separating Africans from
Americans Segregation in the 20th century in America was when the Blacksand the Whites couldnt blend
To my mind this picture is a good representation of discrimination MartinLuther King and Rosa Park are the symbols of this conflict When I see somepeople wanted to change society and make people aware of these
inequalities through paintings photos speeches or parades Im grateful tothem
The picture attains its objective I like this photo because it denounces very
well the implicit problems of American society in the 20th century(by Rochella D)
Group 2 then we started a new activity about grammar on how to differentiatebetween Present Simple and Present Be + ing
You may download the documents hereyet to be uploaded
Group 1 Then we started a new activity that was initially designed by MissFernandes a colleague in the academy of Caen We first described the pictures of the superheroes
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW You need to finish the description of each picture and prepare the questions toask to your partner about the missing elements in your worksheetBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareMonday 16 november 2009
- Posted in For Fun
The Prisoner - New Series - Trailer
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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A new American series that you will probably LOVE Here is the trailer Looks andsounds fantastic
Exprimer le conseil en anglais
Today after taking a test on Body beauty and body parts (phonetics included) wespoke about superstitions on Friday the 13th And we discovered that Jonathansgrand-ma was extremely supersticious and that some of you believed in supernaturalthings too like Juliette who thinks her mother can read her mind or Camille RL whois sure what she says sometimes comes true Beware of the other Camille T whohas got a black cat She is certainly a witch and she may transform us all intopiglets Just kidding of course )
Here is what we said about superstitions
Today is a special day
On Friday the 13th people who are superstitious believe something terribly
bad or something awesome will happen to them
Examples of supertisions- you shouldnt be 13 around a table
- you shouldnt walk under a ladder- you shouldnt meet a black cat
- you shouldnt break a mirror- you shouldnt celebrate a birthday before
- you should wear a rabbit leg- you shouldnt walk on a line in the street
- you shouldnt cross your legs- you should touch wood when you say something bad
- you shouldnt put hats or shoes on a bed- you shouldnt open your umbrella inside
- you shouldnt put the bread upside down
Remember to express advice there are 3 very simple structures
bull should shouldnt + V
bull had better had better not + V bull ought to ought not to + V
Chocircmage unemployment
Embaucher to hire
bull by + V+ ing au moyen de en + V+ ingbull to + V pour + V (le but)
leisure loisirshigh ndash loweacuteleveacute ndash bas
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3641
ecirctre oblige de to have to + Vto lead to entraicircnerhuge immense= The work-week la semaine de travailIn France the 35 hours-work week was decided and implemented in the 1990rsquos by asocialist government ( Mrs Aubry)
Exercice de traduction 1) Les employeacutes doivent faire des heures suppleacutementairesEmployees must do long hoursEmployees have to do long hours2) Il y a de nombreuses faccedilons de trouver du travailThere are a lot of ways to find work3) Lrsquoimmense augmentation des reacuteseaux sociaux permettent aux gens decommuniquer drsquoavantageThe huge increase of social networks enables people to communicate more4) Le travail suppleacutementaire entraicircne des problegravemes de santeacute pour les hommessurmeneacutes
bull Homebull Mail
bull Photos
bull Music
bull Games + Apps
bull More
o SMS Groups
o Sawaal
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o Free SMS
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Sign Up Sign In
Ask your Question in Exams Education amp References
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Home raquo Education raquo Exams Education ampReferences raquo Question
thornyuml
thornyuml
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I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i mDoing for Improve my english give me your best idea
Asked in Exams Education amp References at 1200 PM on October 09 2008
Tags english idea
This question is closedReport abuse
ntn jainProfile | QampA
Rate this 00
bull Latest Answers(4)
Sort by Latest | Oldest | Top-rated
English is best improved by practice and also by taking a small course to improve grammar and communication skillsThe key to practice is to read newspapers magazines and books almost regularly You can also start talking andexpressing yourself in English with your peers friends and (if possible) relatives
Writing in English is a good habit that will strengthen your expression skills as well In case you complete this all-round approach I am sure you will do well All the best
Answered by Idle Mind an ibibo Master at 409 PM on October 13 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Idle MindProfile | QampA
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you can
Answered by Rachana an ibibo Citizen at 106 PM on October 11 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
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RachanaProfile | QampA
well ntn
its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming
future n ways ntn some tips from my side that will help yu improve yu ur english are
i Observe the mouth movements of those who speak English well and try to imitate them
When you are watching television observe the mouth movements of the speakers Repeat what they are saying whileimitating the intonation and rhythm of their speech
ii Until you learn the correct intonation and rhythm of English slow your speech down
If you speak too quickly and with the wrong intonation and rhythm native speakers will have a hard timeunderstanding you
Dont worry about your listener getting impatient with your slow speech -- it is more important that everything you say be understood
iii Listen to the music of English
Do not use the music of your native language when you speak English Each language has its own way of singing
iv Use the dictionary
Try and familiarise yourself with the phonetic symbols of your dictionary Look up the correct pronunciation of wordsthat are hard for you to say
v Make a list of frequently used words that you find difficult to pronounce and ask someone who speaks the languagewell to pronounce them for you
Record these words listen to them and practice saying them Listen and read at the same time
vi Buy books on tape
Record yourself reading some sections of the book Compare the sound of your English with that of the person readingthe book on the tape
vii Pronounce the ending of each word
Pay special attention to S and ED endings This will help you strengthen the mouth muscles that you use when youspeak English
viii Read aloud in English for 15-20 minutes every day
Research has shown it takes about three months of daily practice to develop strong mouth muscles for speaking a newlanguage
ix Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation mistakes
Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice and avoid listening to themselves speak However this is a veryimportant exercise because doing it will help you become conscious of the mistakes you are making
x Be patient
You can change the way you speak but it wont happen overnight People often expect instant results and give up toosoon You can change the way you sound if you are willing to put some effort into it
GOOD LUCK
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Answered by Anant-- an ibibo Master at 133 PM on October 09 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Anant--Profile | QampA
BEST WAY ACCORDING TO ME IS READ DAILY ENGLISH NEWSPAPER IF U COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY ONE OXFORD DICTIONARY AND REFER MEANINGS AND IFU COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY MEANINGS CONVERSION OF ENGLISH TO UR MOTHER TONGUE THIS MAY TAKESOME TIME THERE WILL BE SOME IMPROVEMENT IN JUST 1 MONTH BETTER READ HINDU OR TIMES OF INDIAALL THE BEST
Answered by gyaneshwar an ibibo Citizen at 1258 PM on October 09 2008
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gyaneshwar Profile | QampA
Related Search
Meri english bahot hi weak haimain apni english kaise strong kar sakta hoonkis tarah fluentlyenglish bol sakta hoon
dearthe simple way to improve you english is to particehave you ever heard of the saying Parctise makes a man perfect so even when you you commit mistake try to learn from the mistake and rectify themand simple start askingquestion to people in Englishand if you want yo learn english donot fell embrace in the front of anyone and alsotry to read TIMES OF INDIAN
Posted in Self Development by naqeeb ahmar at 758 PM on March 17 2008Tags meri english bahot weak apni kaise strong sakta tarah fluently hoon
how to improve english plese tell me
to compose simple sentences in your mind when you are alone Stick on the idea you want to convey rather than thegrammar Speak to the native English speakers if possible Chatt with those in internet SearchI dont know the level of your english if you have basics the fun way of learning are english comics cartoon network in english or any english
movies comics will help you in speaking good english
Posted in Love amp Romance by Shiva Singh at 1015 PM on September 24 2008Tags improve english plese
How can i improve my Enlish speaking and writing both
their meanings and use them in your convesationListen to english newsFor writing read the books on letters essaysand storiesslowly you will get the idea of using english in your convenienceFinally findDear Ashok It is good you
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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want to improve your English First and foremost thing you need is YOU All you need to do is give quality time notthe quantity Do make a conscious effort and smart work
Posted in Self Development by ashok sharma at 626 AM on October 14 2008Tags improve enlish writing
how to use GPRS in china made mob prince A960
here most of gprs settings for most of mobile service operator India to enter in your phone mannulay Here you havemanual gprs settings for vodafone hutch idea airtel bsnl airtel live airtel mobile you can enter in your phone andconfigure mannuallyManual Idea gprs Settings1 Account Name - ideaGPRS2 Username - leave Blank3 Password -leave Blank4 Homepage - httpwapideafreshcom5
Posted in Computers amp Technology by vivek soni at 145 AM on June 13 2008Tags gprs help china mad mob
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i m Doing for Improve my englishgive me your best idea
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the
pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you canwell ntn its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming future n ways ntn some tips from my sidethat will help yu improve yu ur english are i Observe
Posted in Exams Education amp References by ntn jain at 939 PM on October 13 2008Tags want improve english improve best
what is html
they want Text is what you will use English letters just like you use everyday Markup is what you will do You willwrite in plain English and then mark up what you wrote Language Some may argue that technically html is a code
but you write html in plain everyday English languageHi RockyHTML is the code behind your webpage and is whatyour browser looks for to display a webpage the way the webdesigner
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Rocky at 258 PM on May 07 2008Tags html
how I improve my english speech
and be confidentYOU CAN DOWNLOAD A LOT OF SOFTWARES FROM INTERNET IT REALLY HELPSAND ANOTHER IDEA IS TO WATCH ENGLISH CHANNELS LIKE METRO NATION NDTV GOOD TIMESAND DONT FORGET TO WATCH NDTV DISCUSSIONSget to c more english movie join times classes on english
they improvise a lotEnglish can be improved by reading booksnewspaper by discussionsThese are certain tips toimprove english
Posted in Counselling by sagar gawde at 803 PM on February 14 2008Tags improve english speech
What is the best way to enhance skills in English Which is most best website which can help tolearn English from basic to a very high class
will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin thinking in English Listening to Native Speakers as Much asPossible is the good idea to enhance your English language skills Here are someFirst of all be motivated become a
person who likes to learn English Using as many different sources methods and tools as possible will allow you tolearn faster There are many different ways
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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Posted in Self Development by RAVINDRA at 644 PM on October 03 2008Tags best enhance skills website help learn english basic high
Who created the first mouse
to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThe first marketed integrated mouseshipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came from the resemblance of earlymodels which had a cord attached to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThefirst marketed integrated mouse shipped as a part
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Aryan Gusain at 212 PM on July 02 2008Tags created first mouse
Do you have any idea for FRANKLYN INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGE Its a spoken English Institutewhich gives Job Guarantee if anyone knows plz let me know
190A Maniktolla Main Road Kolkata-54 phone no 91-33-32401558 91-33-32428200 frankylnkkghotmailcomhi poonamur question gives an idea dat ur command on english is nt poor why u r lookingYou have heard rightFRANKLYN offers spoken english courses and there is also a lot of students pursuing courses there
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull complementary and complimentary Things or people that go together well arecomplementary (ie they complete each other) whereas complimentary refers toa bonus gift or giving someone praise
o Standard Orange and blue are complementary colors
o Standard This sales item comes with a complimentary gift
o Standard Jane was very complimentary about your new home
Similarly a complement is an accessory while a compliment is a statement of admiration
bull concession A concession stand gets its name from the fact that the operator hastypically been granted a contract known as a concession to operate the stand Itis non-standard to refer to the items sold at concession stands as concessions
bull contiguous continual and continuous Contiguous means touching or adjoining in space continual means repeated in rapid succession continuous
means uninterrupted (in time or space)o Standard Alaska is not one of the forty-eight contiguous states
o Standard The field was surrounded by a continuous fence
o Standard The continuous murmur of the stream
o Standard His continual interruptions are very irritating
bull contingent and contingency As a noun a contingent is a representative group acontingency is a possible event
o Standard The explorers were prepared for every contingency
o Standard He was a member of the California contingent at the
convention
o Non-standard He was greeted by a contingency from the school board
bull crotch and crutch A crotch is an area where something branches or forks off in 2directions or the area on a persons body where the legs fork from the trunk (commonly interchanged with groin) A crutch is a device that assists motionespecially one that sits under the armpit or something that supports often usednegatively to indicate that it is not needed and causes an unhealthful dependency
bull diffuse and defuse To diffuse is to disperse randomly whereas to defuse is toremove the fuse from a bomb or in general to render a situation less dangerous Diffuse can also be used as an adjective meaning not concentrated
o Standard The situation was defused when Sandy explained that he wasgay and had no interest in Franks wife
o Standard The smell of gasoline slowly diffused into the still air of the
hallo Standard The spotlights were turned off leaving the stage lit by the
diffuse glow of the lanterns
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 641
bull dilemma which really means for one to be faced with a bifurcation in choice andnot simply a problem as is commonly alleged
bull disassemble and dissemble To disassemble means to dismantle (eg to take amachine code program apart to see how it works) to dissemble means to tell
lies
bull disburse and disperse Disburse means to give out especially money Disperse
means to scatter
bull discreet and discrete Discrete means having separate parts as opposed tocontiguous Discreet means circumspect
bull disinterested and uninterested To be disinterested in something means to not be biased about something (ie to have no personal stake in a particular side of anissue) To be uninterested means to not be interested in or intrigued by something
o
Standard As their good friend I tried to mediate their argument in adisinterested manner so as not to anger eithero Standard Though his initial reaction suggested otherwise he maintains
that he remains uninterested in the business propositiono Non-standard The key to attracting a member of the opposite sex is to
balance between giving attention to him or her and appearingdisinterested
bull dissect and bisect Bisect means to cut into two dissect means to cut apart both literally and figuratively Disect is an archaic word meaning to separate bycutting but has not been in common use since the 17th century
o
Standard We dissected the eye of a bull in biology class todayo Standard She dissected Smiths dissertation pointing out scores of errors
o Standard The Americas are bisected by the Panama canal
o Non-standard We bisected the eye of a bull in biology class today
[edit] E to H
bull economic and economical Economic means having to do with the economy Economical means financially prudent frugal and also figuratively in the sensesparing use (of time language etc) [2]
o Standard Buying in bulk can often be the most economical choice
o Standard The actor should be economical in his use of movemento Standard He attended the School of Economic and Business Sciences
o Non-standard Leading economical indicators suggest that a recession
may be on the horizono Non-standard The actor should be economic in his use of movement
bull eg and ie The abbreviation eg stands for the Latin exempli gratiā for example and should be used when the example(s) given are just one or a few of
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 741
many The abbreviation ie stands for the Latin id est that is and is used to givethe only example(s) or to otherwise qualify the statement just made
o Standard A Briton is a British citizen eg John Lennon
o Standard Tolkiens The Hobbit is named after its protagonist ie Bilbo
Baggins
o Non-standard A Briton is a British citizen ie Paul McCartney (at thelast count there were about 60 million BritonsmdashSir Paul is far from being
the only one)
bull emigration and immigration Emigration is the process of leaving a countryimmigration is the process of arriving in a countrymdashin both cases indefinitely
o Standard Ethnic communities such as Little Italy were created by people
emigrating from their home countries
bull eminent preeminent imminent and immanent Eminent originally meaningemerging means illustrious or highly-regarded Preeminent means most
highly-regarded Imminent means about to occur Immanent (less common thanthe other two and often theological) means indwelling pervadingo Standard The eminent doctor Jones testified on behalf of the defence
o Standard Rumours that war was imminent soon spread through the
populationo Standard Gods grace is immanent throughout the entire creation
bull exacerbate and exasperate Exacerbate means to make worse Exasperate
means to exhaust usually someones patienceo Standard Treatment by untrained personnel can exacerbate injuries
o Standard Do not let Jack talk to the state trooper he is tactless and will
just exasperate her
bull flesh and flush To flesh out is to add flesh to a skeleton or metaphorically to addsubstance to an incomplete rendering To flush out is to cause game fowl to taketo flight or to frighten any quarry from a place of concealment
o Standard The forensic pathologist will flesh out the skull with clay
o Standard The beaters flushed out the game with drums and torches
o Non-standard This outline is incomplete and must be flushed out
bull flounder and founder To flounder is to be clumsy confused indecisive or toflop around like a fish out of water A flounder is also a type of flatfish To
founder is to fill with water and sinko Standard The ship is damaged and may founder
o Standard She was floundering on the balance beam
o Non-standard The ship is damaged and may flounder
bull flout and flaunt One flouts a rule or law by flagrantly ignoring it One flaunts
something by showing it offo Standard If you have it flaunt it
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o Standard He continually flouted the speed limit
o Non-standard If you have it flout it
o Non-standard He continually flaunted the speed limit
bull hay and straw Hay is a grassy plant used as animal fodder Straw is the dry stalk
of a cereal plant (eg barley oats rice rye) after the grain or seed has beenremoved it is used to line an animals stall or for insulation
bull hang To hang something or someone in the present tense one uses the sameform In the past however pictures are hung and criminals are hanged
bull hangar and hanger The aeroplane is in the hangar the coat is on the hanger
bull historic and historical In strict usage historic describes an event of importance mdashone that shaped history or is likely to do so Historical merely describessomething that happened in the past
o Standard The president made a(n) historic announcement (Theannouncement was of historical importance)
o Non-standard The office kept an archive of historic records (The records
are not necessarily of historical importancemdashthey are simply records fromthe past)
bull hoard and horde A hoard is a store or accumulation of things A horde is a largegroup of people
o Standard A horde of shoppers lined up to be the first to buy the new
gizmoo Standard He has a hoard of discontinued rare cards
o Non-standard Do not horde the candy share ito Non-standard The hoard charged when the horns sounded
[edit] I to J
bull imply and infer Something is implied if it is a suggestion intended by the personspeaking whereas a conclusion is inferred if it is reached by the person listening
o Standard When Tony told me he had no money he was implying that I
should give him someo Standard When Tony told me he had no money I inferred that I should
give him some
o Non-standard When Tony told me he had no money he was inferring thatI should give him some
bull inherent and inherit A part inherent in X is logically inseparable from X Toinherit is a verb meaning pass down a generation
o Standard Risk is inherent in the stock market
o Standard The next president inherits a legacy of mistrust and fear
o Non-standard There is violence inherit in the system
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bull its and its Its is a contraction that replaces it is or it has (see apostrophe) Its isthe possessive determiner corresponding to it meaning belonging to it
o Standard Its time to eat (it is time)
o Standard Its been nice getting to meet you (it has been)
o Standard My cell phone has poor reception because its antenna is broken
o Non-standard Its good to be the kingo Non-standard The bicycle tire had lost all of its pressure
bull irony Something is ironic if it is the opposite of what is appropriate expected or fitting
o Standard It is ironic that the center for the handicapped has no wheelchair
rampo Standard It is ironic that Alanis Morissette wrote a song called Ironic
with many examples not one of which is actually ironico Non-standard It is ironic that George W Bush is right-handed and
Republican while Bill Clinton is left-handed and Democratic
o Non-standard It is raining on our wedding day Is it not ironic
bull isle and aisle An isle is an island An aisle is corridor through which one may pass from one place to another
o Standard He came from a small isle in the Caribbean
o Standard The coffee is down the third aisle on the left
[edit] K to L
bull lay (lay laid laid laying ) and lie (lie lay lain lying ) are often usedsynonymously Lay is a transitive verb meaning that it takes an object To lay
something means to place something Lie on the other hand is intransitive andmeans to recline (and also to tell untruths but in this case the verb is regular andcauses no confusion) The distinction between these related verbs is further blurred by the fact that past tense of lie is lay An easy rule of thumb is to replacethe words with sit and set If sit makes sense (eg sit down) then lie should beused (lie down) If the sentence works with set (eg set the book on the table) thenlay should be used (lay the book on the table) To lie can also mean to not tell thetruth - but in that case the past tense is lied A layoff is never a lieoff or lyoff
o Standard I lay my husbands work clothes out for him every morning
Yesterday I decided to see if he paid attention to what I was doing so Ilaid out one white sock and one black He did not notice
o Standard You should not lie down right after eating a large mealYesterday I lay on my bed for half an hour after dinner and sufferedindigestion as a result My wife saw me lying there and made me get upshe told me that if I had waited for a couple of hours I could have laindown in perfect comfort
o Standard You lied to me there is no hidden chamber
o Non-standard Is this bed comfortable when you lay on it (Should be lie)
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o Non-standard Yesterday I lied down in my office during the lunch hour
(Should be lay)o Non-standard There was no reason for him to have laid down in the
middle of the path it unnerved me to see him laying there saying nothing(Should be have lain down and him lying there)
o Non-standard Lie the baby down and change his diaper (Should be layas lie is intransitive)
o Non-standard It could be easy for those guys to lay down After I left
they could have just laid down[3] o Non-standard I am going to lay out in the sun and work on my tan
(Should be lie In general the term lay out when referring to sunbathing isalways non-standard usage)
o Non-standard Sorry I lay about our appointment yesterday (Should be
lied )o Non-standard You should not lay down right after eating a large meal
Yesterday I lied on my bed for half an hour after dinner and suffered
indigestion as a result My wife saw me laying there and made me get upshe told me that if I had waited for a couple of hours I could have lied
down in perfect comfort (Should be lie lay lying and lain)
bull levee and levy A levee is a structure built along a river to raise the height of its banks thereby preventing nearby land from flooding (see dike) To levy is toimpose (1) a tax fine or other assessment or (2) a military draft as a noun a levy
is an assessment or army thus gathered The two words share a common root butthey are not considered interchangeable in Standard English Because they arehomophones misuse is usually only apparent when observed in writing
o Standard The Netherlands is well known for its elaborate system of
leveeso Standard This statute allows the state to levy a 3 tax
o Non-standard Recent storms have weakened the levy
bull literally[4] A term used to emphasize that a statement is not metaphoricalfigurative or hyperbolic It is also commonly misused as an intensifier for metaphorical figurative or hyperbolic statements
o Standard The mayor is literally a convicted felon
o Non-standard The mayor is literally robbing us blind with this new tax
bull loathe and loath or loth Loathe is a verb meaning to strongly dislike and loath
or loth means unwilling or reluctanto Standard I loathe arrogant people
o Standard I was loath to concede defeat
o Standard I was loth to submit to a body-cavity search until I saw who
would be administering it
bull lose and loose Lose can mean fail to win misplace or cease to be in possession Loose can mean the opposite of tight or the opposite of tighten Lose
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is often misspelled loose likely because lose has an irregular rhyme for the way itis spelled it is more common for words ending -ose to rhyme -əʊz like nose or rose but lose rhymes -u zː like news or confuse This may cause poor spellers toguess the correct spelling should match another -u z rhyming word likeː choosealthough choose is itself also an exception to the regular rhyme for words ending
-oose (typically such words including loose rhyme -u sː
like goose or caboose)o Standard We cannot afford to lose customers to our competitors
o Standard A screw is loose and I need a screwdriver to tighten it
o Non-standard If the team cannot score any points they will loose the
game
[edit] M
bull macerate marinate and marinade (From post-classical Latin marina brineshort for classical Latin aqua marina sea water)[5] In Standard English marinade
is a noun and not a verb marinate is the verb Macerate means to soften by
steeping in a liquid and in culinary terminology is used for non-protein itemsspecifically fruit [5] The word macerate is also used in science to soften bonerock etc in a liquid[5]
o Standard The meat will taste better if you marinate it in olive oil before
cookingo Standard Prepare the marinade by mixing vinegar and soy sauce
o Non-standard Marinade the meat in wine for half an hour
o Standard Macerate the fruit in wine for half an hour
o Non-standard Marinate the fruit in wine for half an hour
bull me myself and I In a traditional prescriptive grammar I is used only as a
subject me is used only as an object and myself is used only as a reflexive objectthat is to say when the subject is I and the object would otherwise be meMyself is often used incorrectly often in a form of hypercorrection Like the other reflexive pronouns myself should be used only when both the subject and objectof the verb are the speaker or as an emphatic pronoun (intensifier )
o Standard Jim and I took the train
o Standard He lent the books to Jim and me
o Standard That is I in the picture (This is very formal and seldom found
in speech)o Acceptable That is me in the picture (This is typical in informal English)
o Standard (intensifying) I myself have seen instances of that type
o Standard (reflexive) I hurt myself I did it to myself I played by myself Iwant to enjoy myself
o Non-standard Jim and me went into town
o Non-standard Me and Jim went into town
o Non-standard As for myself I prefer the red
o Non-standard He is an American like myself
o Non-standard He gave the paper to Jim and myself
o Non-standard My wife and myself do not like the development
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o Non-standard I wake upWith my eyes shut tightHoping tomorrow will
never comeFor you and I (Should be For you and me) (From You AndI Part II by Fleetwood Mac)
bull mitigate and militate To mitigate is to make something milder To militate is to
fight or exert pressure for something to happen or not to happeno Standard The seriousness of your crime was mitigated by the provocation
you were undero Standard Over-protective practices in this factory militate against
increased efficiencyo Non-standard Over-protective practices in this factory mitigate against
increased efficiency
[edit] N to R
bull novice and novitiate A novice is a prospective or trainee member of a religious
order The novitiate is the state of being a novice or the time for which one is anovice However a novice monk or nun is often incorrectly described as anovitiate (perhaps confused with initiate)
bull of and have In some dialects of spoken English of and the contracted form of have ve sound alike However in standard written English they are notinterchangeable
o Standard Susan would have stopped to eat but she was running late
o Standard You could have warned me
o Non-standard I should of known that the store would be closed (Should
be I shouldve known)
bull overestimate and underestimate There is frequent confusion between thingsthat cannot and should not be overunderestimated though the meanings areopposite
o Standard The damage caused by pollution cannot be overestimated (ie it
is so enormous that no estimate however high is excessive)o Standard The damage caused by pollution should not be underestimated
(ie it is wrong to regard it as minor)o Non-standard The damage caused by pollution cannot be underestimated
(literal meaning it is so minimal that no estimate is too small Intendedmeaning one of the previous two)
bull past and passed Past refers to events that have previously occurred while passed is the past tense of to pass whether in a congressional action or a physical occurrence
o Standard Congress passed the bill limiting the powers of the President
o Standard History is mainly concerned with the events of the past
o Non-standard He past my house on his way to the store
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bull peremptory and preemptive A peremptory act or statement is absolute it cannot be denied A preemptive action is one taken before an adversary can act
o Standard He issued a peremptory order
o Standard Preemptive air strikes stopped the enemy from launching the
new warship
bull perpetrate and perpetuate To perpetrate something is to commit it while to perpetuate is something is to cause it to continue or to keep happening
o Standard The gang perpetrated outrages against several citizens
o Standard The stories only serve to perpetuate the legend that the house is
haunted
bull perquisite and prerequisite Perquisite usually means an extra allowance or privilege Prerequisite means something required as a condition
o Standard He had all the perquisites of a movie star including a stand-in
o Standard Passing the examination was one of the prerequisites for a
teaching position
bull perspective and prospective Perspective is a view with correct visual anglesexample parallel railway tracks converging in the distance Prospective is afuture possibility or expectation
bull perspicuity and perspicacity If something is perspicuous it is easily understoodits meaning is obvious If one is perspicacious then one is quick to understand or has good insight
o Standard I admired her perspicacity she just seemed to get it so much
better than I
o Standard He expressed the idea so perspicuously that anyone couldunderstand
o Non-standard She spoke in a perspicacious way
bull peruse means to read or examine very carefully but is sometimes usederroneously when the exact opposite is meant to read superficially to glanceover quickly to skim
bull photogenic and photographic The former is to be used to mean someoneslikeness is particularly amenable to being well photographed The latter isanything pertaining to photography whether it is technical eg photographic
chemical or equipment or generic eg photographic journals
bull prescribe and proscribe To prescribe something is to command or recommendit To proscribe somebody or something is to outlaw him her or it
bull progeny and prodigy Progeny are offspring or things that follow something elseA prodigy is a genius or a marvelous example of something
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bull Quartary and quaternary Quartary (from Latin quartarius) is the fourthmember of an ordinal number word series beginning with (primary secondarytertiary) and continuing with (quintary sextary )[6] Quaternary (from Latinquaternarius) is the fourth member of a distributive number word series beginning with (singular binary ternary) and continuing with (quinary senary
septenary octonary centenary)[7][8]
In biology the non-standard usage Quaternary structure is so firmly entrenchedthat to refer to Quartary structure would be incorrect
bull redundant does not mean useless or unable to perform its function It meansthat there is an excess of something that something is surplus to requirementsand no longer needed or that it is obsolete
o Standard A new pill that will instantly cure any illness has made
antibiotics redundant (Antibiotics could still be used to cure illnesses butthey are no longer needed because a better pill has been invented)
o
Standard The week before Christmas the company made seventy-fiveworkers redundanto Non-standard Over-use of antibiotics risks making them redundant (This
should read over-use of antibiotics risks making them ineffective)
bull regimen and regiment A regimen is a system of order and may often refer to thesystematic dosing of medication A regiment is a military unit
o Standard The sick soldier was removed from his regiment
o Standard The sick soldier was ordered to complete a regimen of
amoxicillin
bull
reign and rein A reign refers to the rule of a monarch Reins are the straps usedto control the movements of an animal (typically a horse) Thus to take thereins means to assume control and to have free rein means to be free of constraints[9]
o Non-standard the Suns gave Sports Illustrateds Jack McCallum free
reign of practices[10] o Non-standard Bobby Jindal a whiz kid takes the reigns of Louisianas
Department of Health and Hospital[11]
[edit] S to T
bull sensual and sensuous Both words mean to do with the senses Sensual is moreoften applied to a pleasure or experience or to a persons character sensuous tosomeone or something of enticing appearance
o Standard Don Juan is the most sensual character in fiction
o Standard Ascetics believe in avoiding all sensual pleasures
o Standard Marilyn Monroe looks extremely sensuous in this film clip
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bull set and sit When used as a verb to set means to place or to adjust to a valuewhereas to sit means to be seated
o Standard Set the pot upon the stove
o Standard Set the temperature-control to 100 degC
o Non-standard Set down over there
o Non-standard Sit the pot on the stoveo Standard Sit on the chair
bull shrink and shirk To shirk means to consistently avoid to neglect to be tooafraid to engage To shrink means to contract to become physically smaller insize also to shrink away means to suddenly jerk away from something inhorror However to shrink from may also mean to hesitate or show reluctancetoward
o Standard I will not shirk discussion
o Standard I will not shrink from discussion
o Standard She shrank away from me
o Non-standard I will not shrink discussiono Non-standard I will not shirk from discussion
bull sight site and cite A sight is something seen a site is a place To cite is to quoteor list as a source
o Standard You are a sight for sore eyes
o Standard I found a list of the sights of Rome on a tourist site
o Standard Please cite the sources you used in your essay
o Standard You must travel to the site of the dig to see the dinosaur bones
o Standard It is necessary to have line-of-sight if you want to use
semaphore
o Non-standard One must be careful on a construction sighto Non-standard I will site the book in which I saw the statistics
o Non-standard I could not fire because I did not have line-of-site to the
target
bull temblor and trembler A temblor is an earthquake A trembler is something thattrembles
bull than and then Than is a grammatical particle and preposition associated withcomparatives whereas then is an adverb and a noun In certain dialects the twowords are usually homophones because they are function words with reduced
vowels and this may cause speakers to confuse themo Standard I like pizza more than lasagne
o Standard We ate dinner then went to the movies
o Non-standard You are a better person then I am
bull there their theyre and therere There refers to the location of somethingTheir means belonging to them Theyre is a contraction of They are Therere
is a contraction of there are[citation needed ]
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o Standard Therere five of them and theyre all coming to the restaurant for
their dinner we will meet them there
bull theres wheres etc A common spoken mistake is using a singular contractionwhen it should be plural in words like theres and wheres This stems from the
fact that therere and wherere are more difficult to enunciate and are oftenavoided for that reason in colloquial speecho Non-standard Wheres the cars (Should be Wherere)
o Non-standard Theres many types of cars (Should be Therere)
bull to too Too means in excess or also To is a preposition or is a part of a verbin the infinitive At the end of a sentence to may also refer to a dropped verb inthe infinitive
bull trimester A trimester is a period of three months[12][13] Because it is mostcommonly used in conjunction with a nine-month academic year [14] or a nine-
month term of human pregnancy[15]
it is sometimes wrongly assumed thattrimester is simply a synonym for one third[16][17] o Standard One calendar year contains four trimesters
o Non-standard Without further delay then comes ESPNcoms annual
(and overdue) First Trimester Report ushering folks back to the office bytaking stock of the seasons opening third[18]
[edit] U to Z
bull venal and venial These words are sometimes confused venal means corruptable to be bribed or for sale venial means pardonable not serious[2][19]
o Standard According to Catholic doctrine eating meat on a Friday is avenial sin but murder is a mortal sin
o Standard All ages have examples of venal politicians
bull warranty and warrantee A warranty is a legal assurance that some object can perform some specified task or meets certain quality standards A warrantee is the person who benefits from a warranty The verb form is warrant Confusion herecan stem from guarantee and the less common guaranty which have similar meanings
o Standard Most new cars come with at least a three-year warranty
o Standard I guarantee that you will make a return on your investment
o Non-standard Your mobile phone has stopped working Maybe you needto claim under the warrantee
bull whose and whos Whose is an interrogative word (Whose is this) or a relative pronoun (The people whose house you admired) whos is a contraction for whois or who has
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bull wont and wont Wont is a contraction for will not while wont is a wordmeaning accustomed or inclined to (as an adjective) or habit or custom (as anoun)
o Standard He wont let me drive his car
o Standard He spent the morning reading as he was wont to do
o Standard He took a walk in the evening as was his wonto Non-standard I wont need to go to the supermarket after all
bull youre and your While they sound the same in many dialects in standard writtenEnglish they have separate meanings Youre is a contraction for you are and your is a possessive pronoun meaning belonging to you When in doubt just seewhether the word in question can logically be expanded to you are
o Standard When driving always wear your seatbelt
o Standard If youre going out please be home by ten oclock
o Non-standard Youre mother called this morning
o Non-standard Your the first person to notice my new haircut today
bull aggravate ndash Some prescriptivists have argued that this word should not be used inthe sense of to annoy or to oppress but only to mean to make worseHowever this proscription against to annoy is not rooted in history Accordingto AHDI the annoy usage occurs in English as far back as the 17th centuryfurthermore in Latin from which the word was borrowed both meanings wereused[1] Sixty-eight percent of AHD4s Usage Panel approves of its use in Its theendless wait for luggage that aggravates me the most about air travel [2] M-Wmentions that while aggravate in the sense of to rouse to displeasure or anger byusually persistent and often petty goading has been around since the 17thcentury disapproval of that usage only appeared around 1870[3] RH states in its
usage note under aggravate that The two most common senses of aggravate areto make worse and to annoy or exasperate Both senses first appeared in theearly 17th century at almost the same time the corresponding two senses of thenoun aggravation also appeared then Both senses of aggravate and aggravation
have been standard since then[4] Chambers cites this usage as colloquial andthat it is well established especially in spoken English although it is sometimesregarded as incorrect[5]
o Disputed usage Its the endless wait for luggage that aggravates me the
most about air travelo Undisputed usage Being hit on the head by a falling brick aggravated my
already painful headache
bull aint ndash originally a contraction of am not this word is widely used as areplacement for arent isnt havent and hasnt as well While aint hasexisted in the English language for a very long time and it is a common normalword in many dialects in both North America and the British Isles it is not a partof standard English and its use in formal writing is not recommended by mostusage commentators Its unselfconscious use in speech may tend to mark thespeaker as uneducated Nevertheless aint is used by educated speakers and
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writers for deliberate effect what Oxford American Dictionary describes astongue-in-cheek or reverse snobbery and what Merriam-Webster Collegiate
calls emphatic effect or a consistently informal style[6]
bull alibi ndash Some prescriptivists argue this cannot be used in the non-legal sense of
an explanation or excuse to avoid blame or justify action AHD4 notes that thisusage was acceptable to almost half[7] of the Usage Panel while most opposedthe words use as a verb M-W mentions no usage problems listing the disputedmeaning second to its legal sense without comment OED cites the non-legal nounand verb usages as colloquial and orig[inally] US[8] Chambers deems this usecolloquial[9]
bull alright ndash An alternate to all right that some consider illiterate but others allowRH says that it probably arose in analogy with other similar words such asaltogether and already it does concede the use in writing as informal and thatall right is used in more formal edited writing[10] AHD4 flags alright as
nonstandard
[11]
and comments that this unacceptance (compared to altogether etc) is peculiar and may be due to its relative recentness (altogether andalready date back to the Middle Ages alright only a little over a century)[12]
Chambers refers to varying levels of formality of all right deeming alright to bemore casual it recommends the use of all right in writing for readers who are precise about the use of language[13]
bull also ndash Some prescriptivists contend this word should not be used to begin asentence AHD4 says 63 percent of the Usage Panel found acceptable theexample The warranty covers all power-train components Also participating dealers back their work with a free lifetime service guarantee[14] See also and amp
but below
bull alternate ndash In British English this adjective means according to OED and other sources switching between two options or similar It does not mean the same asalternative (see next) which OED specifically marks as an American meaning of alternate In international English it is thus thought better to observe the Britishdistinction then the meanings of alternative and alternate will be clear toeveryone (See meanings given at M-W the same applies to the adverbsalternately and alternatively)
bull alternative ndash Some prescriptivists argue that alternative should be used onlywhen the number of choices involved is exactly two While AHD4 allows thewords longstanding use to mean one of a number of things from which only onecan be chosen and the acceptance of this usage by many language critics it goeson to state that only 49 of its Usage panel approves of its use as in Of the threealternatives the first is the least distasteful[15] Neither M-W[16] nor RH[17]
mentions any such restriction to a choice of two Chambers qualifies its definitionas referring to strictly speaking two but often used of more than two possibilities[18]
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bull ampm ndash These are Latin abbreviations for the adverbial phrases antemeridiem (before noon) and post meridiem (after noon) Some prescriptivistsargue that they thus should not be used in English as nouns meaning morningand afternoon however such use is consistent with ordinary nominalizationfeatures of English AHD4 lists adjectival usage with an AM appointment [19]
and a PM appointment[20]
RH gives Shall we meet Saturday am[19]
withoutcomment it gives no corresponding example at pm so that usage can only beextrapolated Also the National Institute of Standards and Technology (nd)contends it is incorrect to use 12 am or 12 pm to mean either noon or midnight
bull amongamongst and between ndash The traditionalist view is that between shouldonly be used when there are only two objects for comparison and among or amongst should be used for more than two objects Most style guides anddictionaries do not support this advice saying that between can be used to refer tosomething that is in the time space or interval that separates more than two itemsM-W says that the idea that between can be used only of two items is persistent
but unfounded
[21]
and AHD4 calls it a widely repeated but unjustified tradition[22] The OED says In all senses between has been from its earliest appearanceextended to more than two[23] Chambers says It is acceptable to use between
with reference to more than two people or things although does state that among
may be more appropriate in some circumstances[24] o Undisputed usage I parked my car between the two telegraph poles
o Undisputed usage Youll find my brain between my ears
o Disputed usage The duck swam between the reeds
o Disputed usage They searched the area between the river the farmhouse
and the woodso Undisputed usage We shared the money evenly amongst the three of us
o
Disputed usage We shared the money between Tom Dick and meo Undisputed usage My house was built among the gum trees
bull amount ndash Some prescriptivists argue amount should not be substituted for number They recommend the use of number if the thing referred to is countableand amount only if it is uncountable While RH acknowledges the traditionaldistinction between amount and number it mentions that [a]lthough objected tothe use of amount instead of number with countable nouns occurs in both speechand writing especially when the noun can be considered as a unit or group (theamount of people present the amount of weapons) or when it refers to money(the amount of dollars paid the amount of pennies in the till)[25] (see also less)
o
Disputed usage I was amazed by the amount of people who visited mywebsite (With knowledge of the exact number)o Undisputed usage The number of people in the lift must not exceed 10
o Undisputed usage I was unimpressed by the amount of water consumed
by the elephant
bull and ndash Some prescriptivists argue that sentences should not begin with the wordand on the argument that as a conjunction it should only join clauses within a
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sentence AHD4 states that this stricture has been ridiculed by grammarians for decades and ignored by writers from Shakespeare to Joyce Carol Oates[26] RHstates Both and and but and to a lesser extent or and so are common astransitional words at the beginnings of sentences in all types of speech andwriting it goes on to suggest that opposition to this usage probably stems from
the overuse of such sentences by inexperienced writers[27]
ENCARTA opinesthat said opposition comes from too literal an understanding of the joiningfunction of conjunctions and states that any overuse is a matter of poor style notgrammatical correctness[28] COED calls the usage quite acceptable[29] Manyverses of the King James Bible begin with and as does William Blakes poem And did those feet in ancient time (aka Jerusalem) Fowlers Modern EnglishUsage defends this use of and Chambers states that Although it is sometimesregarded as poor style it is not ungrammatical to begin a sentence with and [30]
See also also above and but below
bull anxious ndash Some prescriptivists argue that this word should only be used in the
sense of worried or worrisome (compare anxiety) but it has been used inthe sense of eager for over 250 years 52 of AHD4s Usage Panel accepts itsuse in the sentence We are anxious to see the new show of contemporarysculpture at the museum Also it suggests that the use of anxious to mean eager
may be mild hyperbole as the use of dying in the sentence Im dying to see your new baby[31] RH states bluntly that its use in the sense of eageris fullystandard[32] M-W defines anxious as 3 ardently or earnestly wishing ltanxiousto learn moregt synonym see EAGER[33] Chambers gives 3 very eager bullanxious to do well[34]
[edit] B
bull barbaric and barbarous mdash Barbaric applies to the culture of barbarians and may be positive (barbaric splendor) barbarous applies to the behavior of barbariansand is negative (barbarous cruelty) This is standard English usage HoweverM-W equates the third meaning of barbaric with the third of barbarous thatis mercilessly harsh or cruel[35] COD11 and Chambers list savagely cruel andcruel and brutal excessively harsh or vicious[36] respectively as the first
meanings for barbaric Only AHD4 disallows this usage and without comment[37]
o Undisputed The environment of the venue was barbaric
o Undisputed Terrorism is barbarous
o Disputed Capital punishment is a disgusting barbaric measure
bull begging the question In logic begging the question is another term for petitio
principii or arguing in a circle in other words making assumptions in advanceabout the very issue in dispute Now often used to mean simply leading to thequestion
o Undisputed You argue that Christianity must be true because the Bible
says so Isnt that begging the question
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o Disputed You want to go to the theatre That begs the question which day
we should go
bull but ndash Some prescriptivists argue that if and should not be used to begin sentencesthen neither should but These words are both conjunctions thus they believe that
they should be used only to link clauses within a sentence AHD4 states that itmay be used to begin a sentence at all levels of style [38]
[edit] C
bull can and may ndash Some prescriptivists argue that can refers to possibility and may
refers to permission and insist on maintaining this distinction although usage of can to refer to permission is pervasive in spoken and very frequent in writtenEnglish M-W notes Can and may are most frequently interchangeable in sensesdenoting possibility because the possibility of ones doing something may (or can) depend on anothers acquiescence they have also become interchangeable in
the sense denoting permission The use of can to ask or grant permission has beencommon since the 19th century and is well established although somecommentators feel may is more appropriate in formal contexts May is relativelyrare in negative constructions (maynt is not common) cannot and cant are usualin such contexts[39] AHD4 echoes this sentiment of formality noting that only21 of the Usage Panel accepted can in the example Can I take another week tosubmit the application[40] For its part OED labels the use of can for may ascolloquial[41]
bull comprise ndash Comprise means to consist of A second meaning to compose or constitute is sometimes attacked by usage writers However it is supported as
sense 3 along with a usage note in M-W[42] and although AHD4 notes the usageas a usage problem its usage note says Our surveys show that opposition tothis usage is abating In the 1960s 53 percent of the Usage Panel found this usageunacceptable in 1996 only 35 percent objected[43]
o Undisputed usage The English Wikipedia comprises more than two
million articleso Disputed usage The English Wikipedia comprises of more than two
million articleso Disputed usage The English Wikipedia is comprised of more than two
million articleso Disputed usage More than two million articles comprise the English
Wikipediao Disputed usage Diatoms comprise more than 70 of all phytoplankton
o Undisputed usage Diatoms constitute more than 70 of all
phytoplanktono Disputed usage Those in the industry have mostly scoffed at the young
inexperienced Carter and the rest of the high school pals that comprise thecompany[44]
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Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] D
bull deprecate ndash The original meaning in English is deplore or express disapproval
of (the Latin from which the word derives means pray to avert evil suggestingthat some event would be a calamity) The word is now also used to mean playdown belittle or devalue a shift that some prescriptivists disapprove of as itsuggests the word is being confused with the similar word depreciate in factAHD4 states that in this sense deprecate has almost completely supplanteddepreciate however a majority of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved thissense[45] Its use with the approximate meaning to declare obsolete in computer jargon is also sometimes condemned
bull diagnose ndash Cochrane (2004) states that to diagnose [someone] with a disease isan incorrect usage of the verb diagnose which takes the physician as subject and
a disease as object (eg to diagnose cancer) In American English according toAHD4[46] and M-W[47] the sense of diagnose [someone] with a disease is listedwithout comment or tag however for its part RH does not list such a usage withor without comment For British English COD11 offers identify the medicalcondition of (someone) she was diagnosed as having epilepsy (2004) this usagehowever did not appear in editions as recently as the 1990s Chambers does notoffer this sense at all[48]
o Disputed usage Mr Smith was diagnosed with diabetes
o Undisputed usage The doctor diagnosed diabetes
bull different ndash Standard usage in both Britain and America is different from (on the
analogy of to differ from) In Britain this competes with different to (coinedon the analogy of similar to) In America it competes with different than(coined on the analogy of other than) Different to is also found in IrishAustralian and New Zealand English
o Undisputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different
from the Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different to the
Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different than
the British
bull disinterested ndash Standard usage is as a word for unbiased but some have alsorendered it synonymous with uninterested or apathetic
o Undisputed usage As their mutual best friend I tried to remain
disinterested in their argument so as not to anger eithero Disputed usage The key to attracting a member of the opposite sex is to
balance between giving attention to him or her and appearingdisinterested
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bull due to ndash The adjectival use of due to is undisputed Its adverbial use howeverhas been a subject of dispute for many years as witnessed by several (especiallyUS) dictionary usage notes that in the end designate it as standard WilliamStrunk in his Elements of style labelled the disputed adverbial use of due to asincorrect [49] Although the first (1926) edition of FOWLER condemned the
adverbial use as common only among the illiterate the third (1996) editionsaid Opinion remains sharply divided but it begins to look as if this use of due
to will form part of the natural language of the 21C as one more example of aforgotten battle Due to is frequently used in place of from for with of because
of and other prepositions Undisputed synonyms for due to are caused by andattributable to
o Disputed usage He died due to cancer (He died of cancer)
o Disputed usage Due to the end of the Second War circumstances altered
profoundly (With the end of the Second War circumstances altered profoundly)
o Disputed usage The project failed due to lack of funds (The project
failed for lack of funds) o Undisputed usage His death was due to cancer
o Undisputed usage Many thought the problem was due to mismanagement
[edit] E
bull enormity ndash Frequently used as a synonym for enormousness or immensity but traditionally means extreme wickedness According to AHD4 thisdistinction has not always occurred historically but is now supported by 59 of the dictionarys Usage Panel[50] COD11 states that enormity as a synonym for hugeness is now broadly accepted as standard English Although Chambers lists
immenseness or vastness as a meaning it says it should not be used in thatsense commenting that it is encountered often because the word enormousness isawkward it recommends using instead another word such as hugeness greatness etc[51]
o Disputed usage The enormity of the elephant astounded me
o Traditional usage The enormity of Stalins purges astounds me
[edit] F
bull farther and further ndash Many prescriptivists adhere to the rule that farther only
should refer to matters of physical distance or position while further should bereserved for usages involving time or degree (as well as undisputed descriptionsof moreover and in addition)
o Disputed usage San Jose is further from LA than Santa Barbara
o Disputed usage LA was a couple hours farther from home than I
expectedo Disputed usage If her fever increases any farther I will call the doctor
o Undisputed usage I would like to discuss the issue further at a later time
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bull fortuitously ndash Used by some interchangeably with fortunately strictly speaking fortuitousness is a reference to an occurrence depending on chance M-W notesthat use of the word in sense of fortunate has been in standard use for at least 70years and notes that the sense of coming or happening by a lucky chance isvirtually unnoticed by usage critics[52][clarification needed ]
[edit] G
bull gender ndash Gender is often used interchangeably with sex in the sense of the biological or social quality male and female It is never used to refer to sexualintercourse
o Gender traditionally refers to grammatical gender a feature in the
grammar of a number of different languages Some prescriptivists arguethat its use as a euphemism for sex is to be avoided as a genteelismFowler (p 211) says it is used either as a jocularityor a blunder
o Sex and gender can be used in different but related senses with sex
referring to biological characteristics and gender to social roles andexpectations based on sex Use of gender as interchangeable with or as areplacement for sex may confuse readers who draw this distinction See
gender identity gender role
[edit] H
bull hoi polloi ndash The question surrounding hoi polloi is whether it is appropriate to usethe article the preceding the phrase it arises because hoi is the Greek word for the in the phrase and classical purists complain that adding the makes the phrase
redundant the the common people Foreign phrases borrowed into English areoften reanalyzed as single grammatical units requiring an English article inappropriate contexts AHD4 says The Arabic element al- means the andappears in English nouns such as alcohol and alchemy Thus since no one wouldconsider a phrase such as the alcohol to be redundant criticizing the hoi polloi onsimilar grounds seems pedantic[53]
bull hopefully ndash Some prescriptivists argue this word should not be used as anexpression of confidence in an outcome however M-W classes hopefully withother words such as interestingly frankly and unfortunately (which areunremarkably used in a similar way) as disjuncts and describes this usage as
entirely standard
[54]
AHD4 however notes that opposition to this usage by their usage panels has grown from 56 to 73 despite support for similar disjuncts(such as 60 support for the use of mercifully in Mercifully the game ended before the opponents could add another touchdown to the lopsided score) AHD4opines that this opposition is not to the use of these adverbs in general but thatthis use of hopefully has become a shibboleth[55] OED lists this usage withoutany colloquial or other label other than to say Avoided by many writers[56]
See also the discussion of hopefully as a dangling modifier One investigation in
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modern corpora on Language Log revealed that outside fiction where it stillrepresents 40 of all uses (the other qualifying primarily speech and gazes)disjunct uses account for the vast majority (over 90) of all uses of the word[57]
o Disputed usage Hopefully Ill get that scholarship
o Undisputed usage The prisoner thought hopefully about the prospect for
escape when he realized the guards accidentally left his cell unlocked
Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] L
bull less ndash Some prescriptivists argue that less should not be substituted for fewer Merriam-Webster notes The traditional view is that less applies to matters of degree value or amount and modifies collective nouns mass nouns or nounsdenoting an abstract whole while fewer applies to matters of number and modifies plural nouns Less has been used to modify plural nouns since the days of King
Alfred and the usage though roundly decried appears to be increasing Less ismore likely than fewer to modify plural nouns when distances sums of moneyand a few fixed phrases are involved ltless than 100 milesgt ltan investment of less
than $2000gt ltin 25 words or lessgt and as likely as fewer to modify periods of time ltin less (or fewer ) than four hoursgt[58]
o Disputed usage This lane 12 items or less
o Undisputed usage We had fewer players on the team this season
o Undisputed usage There is less water in the tank now
bull like and as ndash Some prescriptivists object to the use of like as a conjunction statingit is rather a preposition and that only as would be appropriate in this
circumstance M-W however cites likes use as a conjunction as standard sincethe 14th century and opines that opposition to it is perhaps more heated thanrational (see M-Ws entry like [7 conjunction]) AHD4 says Writers sinceChaucers time have used like as a conjunction but 19th-century and 20th-centurycritics have been so vehement in their condemnations of this usage that a writer who uses the construction in formal style risks being accused of illiteracy or worse and recommends using as in formal speech and writing[59] OED does nottag it as colloquial or nonstandard but notes Used as conj[unction] = like asas Now generally condemned as vulgar or slovenly though examples may befound in many recent writers of standing[60] Chambers lists the conjunctive useas colloquial[61]
o Undisputed usage He is an American as am Io Undisputed usage He is an American like me
o Undisputed usage It looks as if this play will be a flop
o Undisputed usage This play looks like a flop
o Disputed usage He is an American like I am
o Disputed usage It looks like this play will be a flop
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bull literally ndash Some prescriptivists argue literally should not be used as a mereemphatic unless the thing to which it refers is actually true It is used todisambiguate a possible metaphorical interpretation of a phrase M-W does notcondemn the second use which means in effect or virtually but says the useis pure hyperbole intended to gain emphasis but it often appears in contexts
where no additional emphasis is necessary[62]
o Disputed usage The party literally went with a bang (No it did not
unless there was an actual loud noise)o Undisputed usage I literally ran more than 25 miles today I ran a
marathon
bull loan ndash The use of loan as a verb meaning to give out a loan is disputed withlend being preferred for the verb form AHD4 flatly states [t]he verb loan is wellestablished in American usage and cannot be considered incorrect[63] M-W statesloan is entirely standard as a verb[64] RH says Sometimes mistakenlyidentified as an Americanism loan as a verb meaning to lend has been used in
English for nearly 800 years it further states that objections to this use arecomparatively recent[65] Chambers defines the verb loan as to lend (especiallymoney)[66] OED merely states Now chiefly US[67] and COD11 includes themeaning without tag or comment
o Undisputed usage I lent him some money
o Undisputed usage Fill out the paperwork for a loan
o Disputed usage I loaned him some money
[edit] M
bull may and might ndash May should only be used where the event in question is still
possible not for something that was possible in the past or for a hypothetical present possibility Might is properly the past tense form of may (In similar fashion could should and would are all past tense forms for can shalland will respectively)
o Undisputed usage My brother may have gone to China last week
( perhaps he did )o Disputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother may have gone
to China last week (but he didnt )o Undisputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother might have
gone to China last weeko Disputed usage He thought it may be true (but it wasnt )
o Undisputed usage He thought it might be true
bull meet ndash Some prescriptivists state that as a transitive verb in the context to cometogether by chance or arrangement meet (as in meet (someone)) does not requirea preposition between verb and object the phrase meet with (someone) is deemedincorrect Chambers flags this usage US[68] RH allows it in the sense of to joinas for conference or instruction I met with her an hour a day until we solved the problem[69] On the other hand none of M-W AHD4 or COD11 entertains this
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usage NOTE In the sense of fulfilling prerequisites or criteria (We met with theentry requirements) or that of encountering (Our suggestions may meet with
opposition the soldiers met with machine-gun fire) the verb phrase meet with isnot in dispute
o Disputed usage I will meet with you tonight
o
Undisputed usage I will meet you tonight
bull momentarily ndash Traditionally momentarily means for a moment but its use tomean in a moment is sometimes disputed M-W[70] and RH[71] give this latter usage a standard entry without comment while OED[72] and Chambers[73] tag itNAmer AHD4 has a usage note indicating that 59 of their Usage Paneldeems this usage unacceptable[74]
o Disputed usage Your feature presentation will begin momentarily
o Undisputed usage The flash from the atom bomb momentarily lit up the
night sky
[edit] N
bull nauseous ndash Traditionally nauseous means causing nausea (synonymous withnauseating) it is commonly used now as a synonym for queasy that ishaving the feeling of nausea AHD4 notes the traditional view stating that 72 of the Usage Panel preferred nauseated over nauseous to mean affected withnausea however 88 of that same panel preferred nauseating to nauseous tomean causing nausea in other words a maximum of only 28 prefersnauseous in either case It also states that in common usage nauseous issynonymous with nauseated but deems this usage incorrect[75] M-W howeverasserts that [t]hose who insist that nauseous is an error for nauseated are
mistaken[76] Both M-W and AHD4 accept that nauseous is supplantingnauseated for feeling nausea and in turn being replaced by nauseating for causing nausea in general usage they only differ on the correctness of thechange RH states The two literal senses of nauseous [] appear in English atalmost the same time in the early 17th century and both senses are in standard useat the present time Nauseous is more common than nauseated in the senseaffected with nausea despite recent objections by those who imagine the sense to be new[77] CHAMBERS lists the sense of causing nausea first and affected withnausea second[78] while COD11 gives the affliction first and causation second both dictionaries list the entries without comment OED goes further tagging itsnauseated usage as Orig[inally] US but demoted its nauseating usage to
literary OED also notes that the original (now obsolete) sense of the word inEnglish was inclined to sickness or nausea squeamish[79] Curiously this oldestseventeenth-century meaning (inclined to nausea) while distinct from thedisputed twentieth-century usage (afflicted by nausea) more closely resemblesthe latter than it does the prescribed meaning (causing nausea)
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseous
o Disputed usage That smell is making me nauseous
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseating
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future tense (The supervisor will be back presently)[80] M-W mentions the samevintage for the sense of now and that it is not clear why it is objectionable[81]
AHD4 states that despite its use nowadays in literate speech and writing thatthere is still lingering prejudice against this use In the late 1980s only 50 of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved of the sentence General Walters is hellip
presently the United States Ambassador to the United Nations[82]
COD11 lists both usages without comment CHAMBERS merely flags the sense of now asN Amer especially US[83]
o Disputed usage I am presently reading Wikipedia
o Undisputed usage I will be finished with that activity presently
[edit] R
bull refute ndash The traditional meaning of refute is disprove or dispel with reasoned
arguments It is now often used as a synonym for deny The latter sense islisted without comment by M-W[84] and AHD4[85] while CHAMBERS tags it ascolloquial[86] COD11 states that Traditionalists object to [the use of refute asdeny] but it is now widely accepted in standard English However RH does notmention this use at all[87]
bull relatively ndash Literally meaning compared to some now use relatively to meanmoderately or somewhat AHD4 does not list this usage at all [88] M-W hasapparently blended the two usages in one[89]
o Disputed usage That man was relatively annoying
o Undisputed usage Though relatively harmless when compared to
dimethylmercury mercury (II) oxide is still quite toxic
[edit] S
bull Scotch Scots and Scottish ndash Formerly English people used Scotch whereScottish people used Scottish The current convention is as follows
o Scottish for people
o Scotch for things (especially whisky)
o Scots for institutions (Scots law Scots language)
bull
seek ndash This means look for but is used to mean try or want This usage iscriticised by Fowler in the entry Formal Words
o Disputed usage we did seek to resolve the Iraq crisis by peaceful
means those who seek to emulate his legacy of murder the Liberalsseek to undermine that future[attribution needed ]
o Undisputed usage Seek and ye shall find
[edit] T
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bull than mdash Than is the subject of a longstanding dispute as to its status as a preposition or conjunction see than For the disputed construction different thansee Different
bull they mdash Prescriptivists regard this as a plural pronoun that uses a third person
plural verb conjugation (see below they show) but the word is now commonlyused especially in speech and informal writing as a non-gender-specific third- person singular pronoun (which modern English otherwise lacks) Alternativesinclude he or she and generic he Some writers argue that generic he isgeneric (as the name implies) and thus includes both sexes Others find it sexist or too old-fashioned The pronouns you or one can be used in some sentences
o Disputed usage A person is rude if they show no respect for their hosts
o Undisputed usage One is rude if one shows no respect for ones hosts
o Undisputed usage It is rude not to show respect for hosts
o Undisputed usage Many people have told me that they are satisfied with
their food
bull thusly mdash Thusly (AHD4 suggests) was originally coined by educated writers tomake fun of uneducated persons trying to sound genteel[90] Thusly howeverdiffused into popular usage Some people accept it as an adverb in its own rightwhile others believe thus should be used in all cases The word thusly appearswith no associated usage notes in M-W[91] COD11 tags it as informal with theentry thus tagged as literary or formal CHAMBERS does not list the word atall and it is unknown in British usage[92]
[edit] U
bull unique ndash Some prescriptivists argue that unique only means sole or unequaled (British spelling unequalled) but most dictionaries give a thirdmeaning unusual which can be qualified by very or somewhat as in Thetheme of the party was somewhat unique see comparison Almost unique isuniversally acceptable[citation needed ]
[edit] W
bull
whilst and while mdash Penguin Working Words recommends while only and notesthat whilst is old-fashioned Cambridge Guide to English Usage and M-WsWebsters Guide to English Usage comment on its regional character and notethat it is rare in American usage It is thus safer to use only while in internationalEnglish (See the article While for further sources deprecating the use of whilst and cautioning about uses of while)
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bull who mdash Some prescriptivists argue that who should be used only as a subject pronoun the corresponding object pronoun being whom Strictly speakingusing who instead of whom is substituting a subjective pronoun for an objective pronoun and hence is the same as using she instead of her (eg I talked to she
today) Most people never use whom in spoken English and instead use who for
all cases Those who use whom in everyday speech may recognize substitution of who as substandard FOWLER has an extensive entry on who and whom
including several quotes from major publications where whom is used incorrectlyo Undisputed usage You are talking to whom
o Disputed usage You are talking to who
o Undisputed usage To whom are you talking
o Disputed usage To who are you talking
o Disputed usage far more hostile to Diana whom she believes betrayed
the Prince of WalesmdashIndependent Mag 1993 (FOWLER)o Undisputed usage far more hostile to Diana who she believes betrayed
the Prince of Wales
o Disputed usage Whom do men say that I am (Mark 927 King JamesVersion)
bull whoever mdash This extension of who (see above) along with its object formwhomever is attended by the same uncertainties as who along with whom and isdiscussed in the same sources (See the relevant section at Who)
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever wants it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever you think should have it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whomever you choose to give it
o Disputed usage Give it to whoever you choose to give it to
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever wants it
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever you think should have it
Module - Pair work - Asking questions to yourpartner
Hey
with Group 2 we first talked a little about food at the beginning of the class as awarm up And here is what we said
to be written by Franc
Then today was the first day that we worked in pairs You had to find informationabout superhero characters asking questions to your partner
Here are the two worksheets if you still need to complete them
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW you need to be able to speak about the picture of a super hero + speak about
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their story + give the common points between all the super heroes presented Yourpresentation will last about 3 to 5 minutes You can send me some drafts (brouillon)if neededBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - Tale LV2
Southern Trees - beginning of the study
Hey
today we first warmed up about your future jobs while waiting for those who werelate Here is what you said
I would like to become an architect when I leave highschool (Selma)I want to study law to be a lawyer maybe ( Jeacuterocircme)
Structures WANT TO WOULD LIKE TO -- Attention aux noms de meacutetiers quisont preacuteceacutedeacutes de larticle aan
Then we did a quick recap about what Jim Crow laws used to be Here is what wesaid
bull Jim Crow Laws
These were laws about racial segregation until the end of the 1960sBlacks were not allowed to go to school with Whites
Blacks were not allowed to attend school with WhitesBlacks were forbidden to live together there were separate water
fountains rest rooms or entrances at restaurantsThey were prohibited to sit at the front of a bus
bull KKK(1865-)
white Protestantssupremacy of the white race
white costumesterrorism and violence to oppress Blacks
Finally we listened to the text and we started our general comprehesion by
highlighting the important information about the type of document the places thetime Here is what we wrote
bull Text Southern Trees
- type of doc extract from the autobiographic novel of Billie Holliday- who Billie Holliday Lewis Allen piano player of Billie Pop audience bitch
- where in New-York at Cafe Society on 52nd Street Miami Los Angeles
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- when published in 1956
HW you need to finish answering the usual wh- questions about the text (inparticular about the feelings of the characters involved) You also need to divide thetext into 2 parts give them a title and justify your titles
NB you will have a vocabulary test next week with the words from the lesson andthe words from the tool box p 53 You may also have a test about the text andabout racial discrimination in the US on Wednesday It will depend on how far we areinto the study of the document Southern TreesBy English Prof
Enter comment - View comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Spiderman - Page 3
This morning with the whole class we first warmed up with why I was a little late inclass Here is what we wrote
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
Then we studied the last page from Spiderman
There was a secretary for each person that spoke about a panel Here are the notesthat we took while they were speaking
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
HW you will be able to speak about the document at the beginning of the class in arow (dun seul trait )You can download the last page here
By English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Oral tests about picture presentation + Lastsuperhero activity in pair work
Hey
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today in module I asked you to speak about the picture p 152 that you had tocomment You need to improve your analysis Ill be asking other students next timeagain
Here is an example of presentation Its not perfect but its a rather good one
The document is a picture where there are two parts In the first part wecan see a white family at the bottom who is sitting in a garden They looksurprised and they are looking at the second family who feels happy and
impressed Contrary to the white family they are standing and clad with
their traditional dress Its a black family
To me the scene takes place in the USA and the goal of this picture is todenounce discrimination which treats people differently in society
The photographer aims at criticizing segregation In this photo theseparation is represented by the fence which is separating Africans from
Americans Segregation in the 20th century in America was when the Blacksand the Whites couldnt blend
To my mind this picture is a good representation of discrimination MartinLuther King and Rosa Park are the symbols of this conflict When I see somepeople wanted to change society and make people aware of these
inequalities through paintings photos speeches or parades Im grateful tothem
The picture attains its objective I like this photo because it denounces very
well the implicit problems of American society in the 20th century(by Rochella D)
Group 2 then we started a new activity about grammar on how to differentiatebetween Present Simple and Present Be + ing
You may download the documents hereyet to be uploaded
Group 1 Then we started a new activity that was initially designed by MissFernandes a colleague in the academy of Caen We first described the pictures of the superheroes
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW You need to finish the description of each picture and prepare the questions toask to your partner about the missing elements in your worksheetBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareMonday 16 november 2009
- Posted in For Fun
The Prisoner - New Series - Trailer
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A new American series that you will probably LOVE Here is the trailer Looks andsounds fantastic
Exprimer le conseil en anglais
Today after taking a test on Body beauty and body parts (phonetics included) wespoke about superstitions on Friday the 13th And we discovered that Jonathansgrand-ma was extremely supersticious and that some of you believed in supernaturalthings too like Juliette who thinks her mother can read her mind or Camille RL whois sure what she says sometimes comes true Beware of the other Camille T whohas got a black cat She is certainly a witch and she may transform us all intopiglets Just kidding of course )
Here is what we said about superstitions
Today is a special day
On Friday the 13th people who are superstitious believe something terribly
bad or something awesome will happen to them
Examples of supertisions- you shouldnt be 13 around a table
- you shouldnt walk under a ladder- you shouldnt meet a black cat
- you shouldnt break a mirror- you shouldnt celebrate a birthday before
- you should wear a rabbit leg- you shouldnt walk on a line in the street
- you shouldnt cross your legs- you should touch wood when you say something bad
- you shouldnt put hats or shoes on a bed- you shouldnt open your umbrella inside
- you shouldnt put the bread upside down
Remember to express advice there are 3 very simple structures
bull should shouldnt + V
bull had better had better not + V bull ought to ought not to + V
Chocircmage unemployment
Embaucher to hire
bull by + V+ ing au moyen de en + V+ ingbull to + V pour + V (le but)
leisure loisirshigh ndash loweacuteleveacute ndash bas
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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ecirctre oblige de to have to + Vto lead to entraicircnerhuge immense= The work-week la semaine de travailIn France the 35 hours-work week was decided and implemented in the 1990rsquos by asocialist government ( Mrs Aubry)
Exercice de traduction 1) Les employeacutes doivent faire des heures suppleacutementairesEmployees must do long hoursEmployees have to do long hours2) Il y a de nombreuses faccedilons de trouver du travailThere are a lot of ways to find work3) Lrsquoimmense augmentation des reacuteseaux sociaux permettent aux gens decommuniquer drsquoavantageThe huge increase of social networks enables people to communicate more4) Le travail suppleacutementaire entraicircne des problegravemes de santeacute pour les hommessurmeneacutes
bull Homebull Mail
bull Photos
bull Music
bull Games + Apps
bull More
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Home raquo Education raquo Exams Education ampReferences raquo Question
thornyuml
thornyuml
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I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i mDoing for Improve my english give me your best idea
Asked in Exams Education amp References at 1200 PM on October 09 2008
Tags english idea
This question is closedReport abuse
ntn jainProfile | QampA
Rate this 00
bull Latest Answers(4)
Sort by Latest | Oldest | Top-rated
English is best improved by practice and also by taking a small course to improve grammar and communication skillsThe key to practice is to read newspapers magazines and books almost regularly You can also start talking andexpressing yourself in English with your peers friends and (if possible) relatives
Writing in English is a good habit that will strengthen your expression skills as well In case you complete this all-round approach I am sure you will do well All the best
Answered by Idle Mind an ibibo Master at 409 PM on October 13 2008
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Idle MindProfile | QampA
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you can
Answered by Rachana an ibibo Citizen at 106 PM on October 11 2008
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882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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RachanaProfile | QampA
well ntn
its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming
future n ways ntn some tips from my side that will help yu improve yu ur english are
i Observe the mouth movements of those who speak English well and try to imitate them
When you are watching television observe the mouth movements of the speakers Repeat what they are saying whileimitating the intonation and rhythm of their speech
ii Until you learn the correct intonation and rhythm of English slow your speech down
If you speak too quickly and with the wrong intonation and rhythm native speakers will have a hard timeunderstanding you
Dont worry about your listener getting impatient with your slow speech -- it is more important that everything you say be understood
iii Listen to the music of English
Do not use the music of your native language when you speak English Each language has its own way of singing
iv Use the dictionary
Try and familiarise yourself with the phonetic symbols of your dictionary Look up the correct pronunciation of wordsthat are hard for you to say
v Make a list of frequently used words that you find difficult to pronounce and ask someone who speaks the languagewell to pronounce them for you
Record these words listen to them and practice saying them Listen and read at the same time
vi Buy books on tape
Record yourself reading some sections of the book Compare the sound of your English with that of the person readingthe book on the tape
vii Pronounce the ending of each word
Pay special attention to S and ED endings This will help you strengthen the mouth muscles that you use when youspeak English
viii Read aloud in English for 15-20 minutes every day
Research has shown it takes about three months of daily practice to develop strong mouth muscles for speaking a newlanguage
ix Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation mistakes
Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice and avoid listening to themselves speak However this is a veryimportant exercise because doing it will help you become conscious of the mistakes you are making
x Be patient
You can change the way you speak but it wont happen overnight People often expect instant results and give up toosoon You can change the way you sound if you are willing to put some effort into it
GOOD LUCK
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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Answered by Anant-- an ibibo Master at 133 PM on October 09 2008
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Anant--Profile | QampA
BEST WAY ACCORDING TO ME IS READ DAILY ENGLISH NEWSPAPER IF U COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY ONE OXFORD DICTIONARY AND REFER MEANINGS AND IFU COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY MEANINGS CONVERSION OF ENGLISH TO UR MOTHER TONGUE THIS MAY TAKESOME TIME THERE WILL BE SOME IMPROVEMENT IN JUST 1 MONTH BETTER READ HINDU OR TIMES OF INDIAALL THE BEST
Answered by gyaneshwar an ibibo Citizen at 1258 PM on October 09 2008
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gyaneshwar Profile | QampA
Related Search
Meri english bahot hi weak haimain apni english kaise strong kar sakta hoonkis tarah fluentlyenglish bol sakta hoon
dearthe simple way to improve you english is to particehave you ever heard of the saying Parctise makes a man perfect so even when you you commit mistake try to learn from the mistake and rectify themand simple start askingquestion to people in Englishand if you want yo learn english donot fell embrace in the front of anyone and alsotry to read TIMES OF INDIAN
Posted in Self Development by naqeeb ahmar at 758 PM on March 17 2008Tags meri english bahot weak apni kaise strong sakta tarah fluently hoon
how to improve english plese tell me
to compose simple sentences in your mind when you are alone Stick on the idea you want to convey rather than thegrammar Speak to the native English speakers if possible Chatt with those in internet SearchI dont know the level of your english if you have basics the fun way of learning are english comics cartoon network in english or any english
movies comics will help you in speaking good english
Posted in Love amp Romance by Shiva Singh at 1015 PM on September 24 2008Tags improve english plese
How can i improve my Enlish speaking and writing both
their meanings and use them in your convesationListen to english newsFor writing read the books on letters essaysand storiesslowly you will get the idea of using english in your convenienceFinally findDear Ashok It is good you
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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want to improve your English First and foremost thing you need is YOU All you need to do is give quality time notthe quantity Do make a conscious effort and smart work
Posted in Self Development by ashok sharma at 626 AM on October 14 2008Tags improve enlish writing
how to use GPRS in china made mob prince A960
here most of gprs settings for most of mobile service operator India to enter in your phone mannulay Here you havemanual gprs settings for vodafone hutch idea airtel bsnl airtel live airtel mobile you can enter in your phone andconfigure mannuallyManual Idea gprs Settings1 Account Name - ideaGPRS2 Username - leave Blank3 Password -leave Blank4 Homepage - httpwapideafreshcom5
Posted in Computers amp Technology by vivek soni at 145 AM on June 13 2008Tags gprs help china mad mob
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i m Doing for Improve my englishgive me your best idea
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the
pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you canwell ntn its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming future n ways ntn some tips from my sidethat will help yu improve yu ur english are i Observe
Posted in Exams Education amp References by ntn jain at 939 PM on October 13 2008Tags want improve english improve best
what is html
they want Text is what you will use English letters just like you use everyday Markup is what you will do You willwrite in plain English and then mark up what you wrote Language Some may argue that technically html is a code
but you write html in plain everyday English languageHi RockyHTML is the code behind your webpage and is whatyour browser looks for to display a webpage the way the webdesigner
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Rocky at 258 PM on May 07 2008Tags html
how I improve my english speech
and be confidentYOU CAN DOWNLOAD A LOT OF SOFTWARES FROM INTERNET IT REALLY HELPSAND ANOTHER IDEA IS TO WATCH ENGLISH CHANNELS LIKE METRO NATION NDTV GOOD TIMESAND DONT FORGET TO WATCH NDTV DISCUSSIONSget to c more english movie join times classes on english
they improvise a lotEnglish can be improved by reading booksnewspaper by discussionsThese are certain tips toimprove english
Posted in Counselling by sagar gawde at 803 PM on February 14 2008Tags improve english speech
What is the best way to enhance skills in English Which is most best website which can help tolearn English from basic to a very high class
will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin thinking in English Listening to Native Speakers as Much asPossible is the good idea to enhance your English language skills Here are someFirst of all be motivated become a
person who likes to learn English Using as many different sources methods and tools as possible will allow you tolearn faster There are many different ways
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 4141
Posted in Self Development by RAVINDRA at 644 PM on October 03 2008Tags best enhance skills website help learn english basic high
Who created the first mouse
to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThe first marketed integrated mouseshipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came from the resemblance of earlymodels which had a cord attached to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThefirst marketed integrated mouse shipped as a part
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Aryan Gusain at 212 PM on July 02 2008Tags created first mouse
Do you have any idea for FRANKLYN INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGE Its a spoken English Institutewhich gives Job Guarantee if anyone knows plz let me know
190A Maniktolla Main Road Kolkata-54 phone no 91-33-32401558 91-33-32428200 frankylnkkghotmailcomhi poonamur question gives an idea dat ur command on english is nt poor why u r lookingYou have heard rightFRANKLYN offers spoken english courses and there is also a lot of students pursuing courses there
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 641
bull dilemma which really means for one to be faced with a bifurcation in choice andnot simply a problem as is commonly alleged
bull disassemble and dissemble To disassemble means to dismantle (eg to take amachine code program apart to see how it works) to dissemble means to tell
lies
bull disburse and disperse Disburse means to give out especially money Disperse
means to scatter
bull discreet and discrete Discrete means having separate parts as opposed tocontiguous Discreet means circumspect
bull disinterested and uninterested To be disinterested in something means to not be biased about something (ie to have no personal stake in a particular side of anissue) To be uninterested means to not be interested in or intrigued by something
o
Standard As their good friend I tried to mediate their argument in adisinterested manner so as not to anger eithero Standard Though his initial reaction suggested otherwise he maintains
that he remains uninterested in the business propositiono Non-standard The key to attracting a member of the opposite sex is to
balance between giving attention to him or her and appearingdisinterested
bull dissect and bisect Bisect means to cut into two dissect means to cut apart both literally and figuratively Disect is an archaic word meaning to separate bycutting but has not been in common use since the 17th century
o
Standard We dissected the eye of a bull in biology class todayo Standard She dissected Smiths dissertation pointing out scores of errors
o Standard The Americas are bisected by the Panama canal
o Non-standard We bisected the eye of a bull in biology class today
[edit] E to H
bull economic and economical Economic means having to do with the economy Economical means financially prudent frugal and also figuratively in the sensesparing use (of time language etc) [2]
o Standard Buying in bulk can often be the most economical choice
o Standard The actor should be economical in his use of movemento Standard He attended the School of Economic and Business Sciences
o Non-standard Leading economical indicators suggest that a recession
may be on the horizono Non-standard The actor should be economic in his use of movement
bull eg and ie The abbreviation eg stands for the Latin exempli gratiā for example and should be used when the example(s) given are just one or a few of
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 741
many The abbreviation ie stands for the Latin id est that is and is used to givethe only example(s) or to otherwise qualify the statement just made
o Standard A Briton is a British citizen eg John Lennon
o Standard Tolkiens The Hobbit is named after its protagonist ie Bilbo
Baggins
o Non-standard A Briton is a British citizen ie Paul McCartney (at thelast count there were about 60 million BritonsmdashSir Paul is far from being
the only one)
bull emigration and immigration Emigration is the process of leaving a countryimmigration is the process of arriving in a countrymdashin both cases indefinitely
o Standard Ethnic communities such as Little Italy were created by people
emigrating from their home countries
bull eminent preeminent imminent and immanent Eminent originally meaningemerging means illustrious or highly-regarded Preeminent means most
highly-regarded Imminent means about to occur Immanent (less common thanthe other two and often theological) means indwelling pervadingo Standard The eminent doctor Jones testified on behalf of the defence
o Standard Rumours that war was imminent soon spread through the
populationo Standard Gods grace is immanent throughout the entire creation
bull exacerbate and exasperate Exacerbate means to make worse Exasperate
means to exhaust usually someones patienceo Standard Treatment by untrained personnel can exacerbate injuries
o Standard Do not let Jack talk to the state trooper he is tactless and will
just exasperate her
bull flesh and flush To flesh out is to add flesh to a skeleton or metaphorically to addsubstance to an incomplete rendering To flush out is to cause game fowl to taketo flight or to frighten any quarry from a place of concealment
o Standard The forensic pathologist will flesh out the skull with clay
o Standard The beaters flushed out the game with drums and torches
o Non-standard This outline is incomplete and must be flushed out
bull flounder and founder To flounder is to be clumsy confused indecisive or toflop around like a fish out of water A flounder is also a type of flatfish To
founder is to fill with water and sinko Standard The ship is damaged and may founder
o Standard She was floundering on the balance beam
o Non-standard The ship is damaged and may flounder
bull flout and flaunt One flouts a rule or law by flagrantly ignoring it One flaunts
something by showing it offo Standard If you have it flaunt it
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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o Standard He continually flouted the speed limit
o Non-standard If you have it flout it
o Non-standard He continually flaunted the speed limit
bull hay and straw Hay is a grassy plant used as animal fodder Straw is the dry stalk
of a cereal plant (eg barley oats rice rye) after the grain or seed has beenremoved it is used to line an animals stall or for insulation
bull hang To hang something or someone in the present tense one uses the sameform In the past however pictures are hung and criminals are hanged
bull hangar and hanger The aeroplane is in the hangar the coat is on the hanger
bull historic and historical In strict usage historic describes an event of importance mdashone that shaped history or is likely to do so Historical merely describessomething that happened in the past
o Standard The president made a(n) historic announcement (Theannouncement was of historical importance)
o Non-standard The office kept an archive of historic records (The records
are not necessarily of historical importancemdashthey are simply records fromthe past)
bull hoard and horde A hoard is a store or accumulation of things A horde is a largegroup of people
o Standard A horde of shoppers lined up to be the first to buy the new
gizmoo Standard He has a hoard of discontinued rare cards
o Non-standard Do not horde the candy share ito Non-standard The hoard charged when the horns sounded
[edit] I to J
bull imply and infer Something is implied if it is a suggestion intended by the personspeaking whereas a conclusion is inferred if it is reached by the person listening
o Standard When Tony told me he had no money he was implying that I
should give him someo Standard When Tony told me he had no money I inferred that I should
give him some
o Non-standard When Tony told me he had no money he was inferring thatI should give him some
bull inherent and inherit A part inherent in X is logically inseparable from X Toinherit is a verb meaning pass down a generation
o Standard Risk is inherent in the stock market
o Standard The next president inherits a legacy of mistrust and fear
o Non-standard There is violence inherit in the system
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull its and its Its is a contraction that replaces it is or it has (see apostrophe) Its isthe possessive determiner corresponding to it meaning belonging to it
o Standard Its time to eat (it is time)
o Standard Its been nice getting to meet you (it has been)
o Standard My cell phone has poor reception because its antenna is broken
o Non-standard Its good to be the kingo Non-standard The bicycle tire had lost all of its pressure
bull irony Something is ironic if it is the opposite of what is appropriate expected or fitting
o Standard It is ironic that the center for the handicapped has no wheelchair
rampo Standard It is ironic that Alanis Morissette wrote a song called Ironic
with many examples not one of which is actually ironico Non-standard It is ironic that George W Bush is right-handed and
Republican while Bill Clinton is left-handed and Democratic
o Non-standard It is raining on our wedding day Is it not ironic
bull isle and aisle An isle is an island An aisle is corridor through which one may pass from one place to another
o Standard He came from a small isle in the Caribbean
o Standard The coffee is down the third aisle on the left
[edit] K to L
bull lay (lay laid laid laying ) and lie (lie lay lain lying ) are often usedsynonymously Lay is a transitive verb meaning that it takes an object To lay
something means to place something Lie on the other hand is intransitive andmeans to recline (and also to tell untruths but in this case the verb is regular andcauses no confusion) The distinction between these related verbs is further blurred by the fact that past tense of lie is lay An easy rule of thumb is to replacethe words with sit and set If sit makes sense (eg sit down) then lie should beused (lie down) If the sentence works with set (eg set the book on the table) thenlay should be used (lay the book on the table) To lie can also mean to not tell thetruth - but in that case the past tense is lied A layoff is never a lieoff or lyoff
o Standard I lay my husbands work clothes out for him every morning
Yesterday I decided to see if he paid attention to what I was doing so Ilaid out one white sock and one black He did not notice
o Standard You should not lie down right after eating a large mealYesterday I lay on my bed for half an hour after dinner and sufferedindigestion as a result My wife saw me lying there and made me get upshe told me that if I had waited for a couple of hours I could have laindown in perfect comfort
o Standard You lied to me there is no hidden chamber
o Non-standard Is this bed comfortable when you lay on it (Should be lie)
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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o Non-standard Yesterday I lied down in my office during the lunch hour
(Should be lay)o Non-standard There was no reason for him to have laid down in the
middle of the path it unnerved me to see him laying there saying nothing(Should be have lain down and him lying there)
o Non-standard Lie the baby down and change his diaper (Should be layas lie is intransitive)
o Non-standard It could be easy for those guys to lay down After I left
they could have just laid down[3] o Non-standard I am going to lay out in the sun and work on my tan
(Should be lie In general the term lay out when referring to sunbathing isalways non-standard usage)
o Non-standard Sorry I lay about our appointment yesterday (Should be
lied )o Non-standard You should not lay down right after eating a large meal
Yesterday I lied on my bed for half an hour after dinner and suffered
indigestion as a result My wife saw me laying there and made me get upshe told me that if I had waited for a couple of hours I could have lied
down in perfect comfort (Should be lie lay lying and lain)
bull levee and levy A levee is a structure built along a river to raise the height of its banks thereby preventing nearby land from flooding (see dike) To levy is toimpose (1) a tax fine or other assessment or (2) a military draft as a noun a levy
is an assessment or army thus gathered The two words share a common root butthey are not considered interchangeable in Standard English Because they arehomophones misuse is usually only apparent when observed in writing
o Standard The Netherlands is well known for its elaborate system of
leveeso Standard This statute allows the state to levy a 3 tax
o Non-standard Recent storms have weakened the levy
bull literally[4] A term used to emphasize that a statement is not metaphoricalfigurative or hyperbolic It is also commonly misused as an intensifier for metaphorical figurative or hyperbolic statements
o Standard The mayor is literally a convicted felon
o Non-standard The mayor is literally robbing us blind with this new tax
bull loathe and loath or loth Loathe is a verb meaning to strongly dislike and loath
or loth means unwilling or reluctanto Standard I loathe arrogant people
o Standard I was loath to concede defeat
o Standard I was loth to submit to a body-cavity search until I saw who
would be administering it
bull lose and loose Lose can mean fail to win misplace or cease to be in possession Loose can mean the opposite of tight or the opposite of tighten Lose
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 1141
is often misspelled loose likely because lose has an irregular rhyme for the way itis spelled it is more common for words ending -ose to rhyme -əʊz like nose or rose but lose rhymes -u zː like news or confuse This may cause poor spellers toguess the correct spelling should match another -u z rhyming word likeː choosealthough choose is itself also an exception to the regular rhyme for words ending
-oose (typically such words including loose rhyme -u sː
like goose or caboose)o Standard We cannot afford to lose customers to our competitors
o Standard A screw is loose and I need a screwdriver to tighten it
o Non-standard If the team cannot score any points they will loose the
game
[edit] M
bull macerate marinate and marinade (From post-classical Latin marina brineshort for classical Latin aqua marina sea water)[5] In Standard English marinade
is a noun and not a verb marinate is the verb Macerate means to soften by
steeping in a liquid and in culinary terminology is used for non-protein itemsspecifically fruit [5] The word macerate is also used in science to soften bonerock etc in a liquid[5]
o Standard The meat will taste better if you marinate it in olive oil before
cookingo Standard Prepare the marinade by mixing vinegar and soy sauce
o Non-standard Marinade the meat in wine for half an hour
o Standard Macerate the fruit in wine for half an hour
o Non-standard Marinate the fruit in wine for half an hour
bull me myself and I In a traditional prescriptive grammar I is used only as a
subject me is used only as an object and myself is used only as a reflexive objectthat is to say when the subject is I and the object would otherwise be meMyself is often used incorrectly often in a form of hypercorrection Like the other reflexive pronouns myself should be used only when both the subject and objectof the verb are the speaker or as an emphatic pronoun (intensifier )
o Standard Jim and I took the train
o Standard He lent the books to Jim and me
o Standard That is I in the picture (This is very formal and seldom found
in speech)o Acceptable That is me in the picture (This is typical in informal English)
o Standard (intensifying) I myself have seen instances of that type
o Standard (reflexive) I hurt myself I did it to myself I played by myself Iwant to enjoy myself
o Non-standard Jim and me went into town
o Non-standard Me and Jim went into town
o Non-standard As for myself I prefer the red
o Non-standard He is an American like myself
o Non-standard He gave the paper to Jim and myself
o Non-standard My wife and myself do not like the development
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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o Non-standard I wake upWith my eyes shut tightHoping tomorrow will
never comeFor you and I (Should be For you and me) (From You AndI Part II by Fleetwood Mac)
bull mitigate and militate To mitigate is to make something milder To militate is to
fight or exert pressure for something to happen or not to happeno Standard The seriousness of your crime was mitigated by the provocation
you were undero Standard Over-protective practices in this factory militate against
increased efficiencyo Non-standard Over-protective practices in this factory mitigate against
increased efficiency
[edit] N to R
bull novice and novitiate A novice is a prospective or trainee member of a religious
order The novitiate is the state of being a novice or the time for which one is anovice However a novice monk or nun is often incorrectly described as anovitiate (perhaps confused with initiate)
bull of and have In some dialects of spoken English of and the contracted form of have ve sound alike However in standard written English they are notinterchangeable
o Standard Susan would have stopped to eat but she was running late
o Standard You could have warned me
o Non-standard I should of known that the store would be closed (Should
be I shouldve known)
bull overestimate and underestimate There is frequent confusion between thingsthat cannot and should not be overunderestimated though the meanings areopposite
o Standard The damage caused by pollution cannot be overestimated (ie it
is so enormous that no estimate however high is excessive)o Standard The damage caused by pollution should not be underestimated
(ie it is wrong to regard it as minor)o Non-standard The damage caused by pollution cannot be underestimated
(literal meaning it is so minimal that no estimate is too small Intendedmeaning one of the previous two)
bull past and passed Past refers to events that have previously occurred while passed is the past tense of to pass whether in a congressional action or a physical occurrence
o Standard Congress passed the bill limiting the powers of the President
o Standard History is mainly concerned with the events of the past
o Non-standard He past my house on his way to the store
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull peremptory and preemptive A peremptory act or statement is absolute it cannot be denied A preemptive action is one taken before an adversary can act
o Standard He issued a peremptory order
o Standard Preemptive air strikes stopped the enemy from launching the
new warship
bull perpetrate and perpetuate To perpetrate something is to commit it while to perpetuate is something is to cause it to continue or to keep happening
o Standard The gang perpetrated outrages against several citizens
o Standard The stories only serve to perpetuate the legend that the house is
haunted
bull perquisite and prerequisite Perquisite usually means an extra allowance or privilege Prerequisite means something required as a condition
o Standard He had all the perquisites of a movie star including a stand-in
o Standard Passing the examination was one of the prerequisites for a
teaching position
bull perspective and prospective Perspective is a view with correct visual anglesexample parallel railway tracks converging in the distance Prospective is afuture possibility or expectation
bull perspicuity and perspicacity If something is perspicuous it is easily understoodits meaning is obvious If one is perspicacious then one is quick to understand or has good insight
o Standard I admired her perspicacity she just seemed to get it so much
better than I
o Standard He expressed the idea so perspicuously that anyone couldunderstand
o Non-standard She spoke in a perspicacious way
bull peruse means to read or examine very carefully but is sometimes usederroneously when the exact opposite is meant to read superficially to glanceover quickly to skim
bull photogenic and photographic The former is to be used to mean someoneslikeness is particularly amenable to being well photographed The latter isanything pertaining to photography whether it is technical eg photographic
chemical or equipment or generic eg photographic journals
bull prescribe and proscribe To prescribe something is to command or recommendit To proscribe somebody or something is to outlaw him her or it
bull progeny and prodigy Progeny are offspring or things that follow something elseA prodigy is a genius or a marvelous example of something
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull Quartary and quaternary Quartary (from Latin quartarius) is the fourthmember of an ordinal number word series beginning with (primary secondarytertiary) and continuing with (quintary sextary )[6] Quaternary (from Latinquaternarius) is the fourth member of a distributive number word series beginning with (singular binary ternary) and continuing with (quinary senary
septenary octonary centenary)[7][8]
In biology the non-standard usage Quaternary structure is so firmly entrenchedthat to refer to Quartary structure would be incorrect
bull redundant does not mean useless or unable to perform its function It meansthat there is an excess of something that something is surplus to requirementsand no longer needed or that it is obsolete
o Standard A new pill that will instantly cure any illness has made
antibiotics redundant (Antibiotics could still be used to cure illnesses butthey are no longer needed because a better pill has been invented)
o
Standard The week before Christmas the company made seventy-fiveworkers redundanto Non-standard Over-use of antibiotics risks making them redundant (This
should read over-use of antibiotics risks making them ineffective)
bull regimen and regiment A regimen is a system of order and may often refer to thesystematic dosing of medication A regiment is a military unit
o Standard The sick soldier was removed from his regiment
o Standard The sick soldier was ordered to complete a regimen of
amoxicillin
bull
reign and rein A reign refers to the rule of a monarch Reins are the straps usedto control the movements of an animal (typically a horse) Thus to take thereins means to assume control and to have free rein means to be free of constraints[9]
o Non-standard the Suns gave Sports Illustrateds Jack McCallum free
reign of practices[10] o Non-standard Bobby Jindal a whiz kid takes the reigns of Louisianas
Department of Health and Hospital[11]
[edit] S to T
bull sensual and sensuous Both words mean to do with the senses Sensual is moreoften applied to a pleasure or experience or to a persons character sensuous tosomeone or something of enticing appearance
o Standard Don Juan is the most sensual character in fiction
o Standard Ascetics believe in avoiding all sensual pleasures
o Standard Marilyn Monroe looks extremely sensuous in this film clip
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bull set and sit When used as a verb to set means to place or to adjust to a valuewhereas to sit means to be seated
o Standard Set the pot upon the stove
o Standard Set the temperature-control to 100 degC
o Non-standard Set down over there
o Non-standard Sit the pot on the stoveo Standard Sit on the chair
bull shrink and shirk To shirk means to consistently avoid to neglect to be tooafraid to engage To shrink means to contract to become physically smaller insize also to shrink away means to suddenly jerk away from something inhorror However to shrink from may also mean to hesitate or show reluctancetoward
o Standard I will not shirk discussion
o Standard I will not shrink from discussion
o Standard She shrank away from me
o Non-standard I will not shrink discussiono Non-standard I will not shirk from discussion
bull sight site and cite A sight is something seen a site is a place To cite is to quoteor list as a source
o Standard You are a sight for sore eyes
o Standard I found a list of the sights of Rome on a tourist site
o Standard Please cite the sources you used in your essay
o Standard You must travel to the site of the dig to see the dinosaur bones
o Standard It is necessary to have line-of-sight if you want to use
semaphore
o Non-standard One must be careful on a construction sighto Non-standard I will site the book in which I saw the statistics
o Non-standard I could not fire because I did not have line-of-site to the
target
bull temblor and trembler A temblor is an earthquake A trembler is something thattrembles
bull than and then Than is a grammatical particle and preposition associated withcomparatives whereas then is an adverb and a noun In certain dialects the twowords are usually homophones because they are function words with reduced
vowels and this may cause speakers to confuse themo Standard I like pizza more than lasagne
o Standard We ate dinner then went to the movies
o Non-standard You are a better person then I am
bull there their theyre and therere There refers to the location of somethingTheir means belonging to them Theyre is a contraction of They are Therere
is a contraction of there are[citation needed ]
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o Standard Therere five of them and theyre all coming to the restaurant for
their dinner we will meet them there
bull theres wheres etc A common spoken mistake is using a singular contractionwhen it should be plural in words like theres and wheres This stems from the
fact that therere and wherere are more difficult to enunciate and are oftenavoided for that reason in colloquial speecho Non-standard Wheres the cars (Should be Wherere)
o Non-standard Theres many types of cars (Should be Therere)
bull to too Too means in excess or also To is a preposition or is a part of a verbin the infinitive At the end of a sentence to may also refer to a dropped verb inthe infinitive
bull trimester A trimester is a period of three months[12][13] Because it is mostcommonly used in conjunction with a nine-month academic year [14] or a nine-
month term of human pregnancy[15]
it is sometimes wrongly assumed thattrimester is simply a synonym for one third[16][17] o Standard One calendar year contains four trimesters
o Non-standard Without further delay then comes ESPNcoms annual
(and overdue) First Trimester Report ushering folks back to the office bytaking stock of the seasons opening third[18]
[edit] U to Z
bull venal and venial These words are sometimes confused venal means corruptable to be bribed or for sale venial means pardonable not serious[2][19]
o Standard According to Catholic doctrine eating meat on a Friday is avenial sin but murder is a mortal sin
o Standard All ages have examples of venal politicians
bull warranty and warrantee A warranty is a legal assurance that some object can perform some specified task or meets certain quality standards A warrantee is the person who benefits from a warranty The verb form is warrant Confusion herecan stem from guarantee and the less common guaranty which have similar meanings
o Standard Most new cars come with at least a three-year warranty
o Standard I guarantee that you will make a return on your investment
o Non-standard Your mobile phone has stopped working Maybe you needto claim under the warrantee
bull whose and whos Whose is an interrogative word (Whose is this) or a relative pronoun (The people whose house you admired) whos is a contraction for whois or who has
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bull wont and wont Wont is a contraction for will not while wont is a wordmeaning accustomed or inclined to (as an adjective) or habit or custom (as anoun)
o Standard He wont let me drive his car
o Standard He spent the morning reading as he was wont to do
o Standard He took a walk in the evening as was his wonto Non-standard I wont need to go to the supermarket after all
bull youre and your While they sound the same in many dialects in standard writtenEnglish they have separate meanings Youre is a contraction for you are and your is a possessive pronoun meaning belonging to you When in doubt just seewhether the word in question can logically be expanded to you are
o Standard When driving always wear your seatbelt
o Standard If youre going out please be home by ten oclock
o Non-standard Youre mother called this morning
o Non-standard Your the first person to notice my new haircut today
bull aggravate ndash Some prescriptivists have argued that this word should not be used inthe sense of to annoy or to oppress but only to mean to make worseHowever this proscription against to annoy is not rooted in history Accordingto AHDI the annoy usage occurs in English as far back as the 17th centuryfurthermore in Latin from which the word was borrowed both meanings wereused[1] Sixty-eight percent of AHD4s Usage Panel approves of its use in Its theendless wait for luggage that aggravates me the most about air travel [2] M-Wmentions that while aggravate in the sense of to rouse to displeasure or anger byusually persistent and often petty goading has been around since the 17thcentury disapproval of that usage only appeared around 1870[3] RH states in its
usage note under aggravate that The two most common senses of aggravate areto make worse and to annoy or exasperate Both senses first appeared in theearly 17th century at almost the same time the corresponding two senses of thenoun aggravation also appeared then Both senses of aggravate and aggravation
have been standard since then[4] Chambers cites this usage as colloquial andthat it is well established especially in spoken English although it is sometimesregarded as incorrect[5]
o Disputed usage Its the endless wait for luggage that aggravates me the
most about air travelo Undisputed usage Being hit on the head by a falling brick aggravated my
already painful headache
bull aint ndash originally a contraction of am not this word is widely used as areplacement for arent isnt havent and hasnt as well While aint hasexisted in the English language for a very long time and it is a common normalword in many dialects in both North America and the British Isles it is not a partof standard English and its use in formal writing is not recommended by mostusage commentators Its unselfconscious use in speech may tend to mark thespeaker as uneducated Nevertheless aint is used by educated speakers and
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writers for deliberate effect what Oxford American Dictionary describes astongue-in-cheek or reverse snobbery and what Merriam-Webster Collegiate
calls emphatic effect or a consistently informal style[6]
bull alibi ndash Some prescriptivists argue this cannot be used in the non-legal sense of
an explanation or excuse to avoid blame or justify action AHD4 notes that thisusage was acceptable to almost half[7] of the Usage Panel while most opposedthe words use as a verb M-W mentions no usage problems listing the disputedmeaning second to its legal sense without comment OED cites the non-legal nounand verb usages as colloquial and orig[inally] US[8] Chambers deems this usecolloquial[9]
bull alright ndash An alternate to all right that some consider illiterate but others allowRH says that it probably arose in analogy with other similar words such asaltogether and already it does concede the use in writing as informal and thatall right is used in more formal edited writing[10] AHD4 flags alright as
nonstandard
[11]
and comments that this unacceptance (compared to altogether etc) is peculiar and may be due to its relative recentness (altogether andalready date back to the Middle Ages alright only a little over a century)[12]
Chambers refers to varying levels of formality of all right deeming alright to bemore casual it recommends the use of all right in writing for readers who are precise about the use of language[13]
bull also ndash Some prescriptivists contend this word should not be used to begin asentence AHD4 says 63 percent of the Usage Panel found acceptable theexample The warranty covers all power-train components Also participating dealers back their work with a free lifetime service guarantee[14] See also and amp
but below
bull alternate ndash In British English this adjective means according to OED and other sources switching between two options or similar It does not mean the same asalternative (see next) which OED specifically marks as an American meaning of alternate In international English it is thus thought better to observe the Britishdistinction then the meanings of alternative and alternate will be clear toeveryone (See meanings given at M-W the same applies to the adverbsalternately and alternatively)
bull alternative ndash Some prescriptivists argue that alternative should be used onlywhen the number of choices involved is exactly two While AHD4 allows thewords longstanding use to mean one of a number of things from which only onecan be chosen and the acceptance of this usage by many language critics it goeson to state that only 49 of its Usage panel approves of its use as in Of the threealternatives the first is the least distasteful[15] Neither M-W[16] nor RH[17]
mentions any such restriction to a choice of two Chambers qualifies its definitionas referring to strictly speaking two but often used of more than two possibilities[18]
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bull ampm ndash These are Latin abbreviations for the adverbial phrases antemeridiem (before noon) and post meridiem (after noon) Some prescriptivistsargue that they thus should not be used in English as nouns meaning morningand afternoon however such use is consistent with ordinary nominalizationfeatures of English AHD4 lists adjectival usage with an AM appointment [19]
and a PM appointment[20]
RH gives Shall we meet Saturday am[19]
withoutcomment it gives no corresponding example at pm so that usage can only beextrapolated Also the National Institute of Standards and Technology (nd)contends it is incorrect to use 12 am or 12 pm to mean either noon or midnight
bull amongamongst and between ndash The traditionalist view is that between shouldonly be used when there are only two objects for comparison and among or amongst should be used for more than two objects Most style guides anddictionaries do not support this advice saying that between can be used to refer tosomething that is in the time space or interval that separates more than two itemsM-W says that the idea that between can be used only of two items is persistent
but unfounded
[21]
and AHD4 calls it a widely repeated but unjustified tradition[22] The OED says In all senses between has been from its earliest appearanceextended to more than two[23] Chambers says It is acceptable to use between
with reference to more than two people or things although does state that among
may be more appropriate in some circumstances[24] o Undisputed usage I parked my car between the two telegraph poles
o Undisputed usage Youll find my brain between my ears
o Disputed usage The duck swam between the reeds
o Disputed usage They searched the area between the river the farmhouse
and the woodso Undisputed usage We shared the money evenly amongst the three of us
o
Disputed usage We shared the money between Tom Dick and meo Undisputed usage My house was built among the gum trees
bull amount ndash Some prescriptivists argue amount should not be substituted for number They recommend the use of number if the thing referred to is countableand amount only if it is uncountable While RH acknowledges the traditionaldistinction between amount and number it mentions that [a]lthough objected tothe use of amount instead of number with countable nouns occurs in both speechand writing especially when the noun can be considered as a unit or group (theamount of people present the amount of weapons) or when it refers to money(the amount of dollars paid the amount of pennies in the till)[25] (see also less)
o
Disputed usage I was amazed by the amount of people who visited mywebsite (With knowledge of the exact number)o Undisputed usage The number of people in the lift must not exceed 10
o Undisputed usage I was unimpressed by the amount of water consumed
by the elephant
bull and ndash Some prescriptivists argue that sentences should not begin with the wordand on the argument that as a conjunction it should only join clauses within a
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sentence AHD4 states that this stricture has been ridiculed by grammarians for decades and ignored by writers from Shakespeare to Joyce Carol Oates[26] RHstates Both and and but and to a lesser extent or and so are common astransitional words at the beginnings of sentences in all types of speech andwriting it goes on to suggest that opposition to this usage probably stems from
the overuse of such sentences by inexperienced writers[27]
ENCARTA opinesthat said opposition comes from too literal an understanding of the joiningfunction of conjunctions and states that any overuse is a matter of poor style notgrammatical correctness[28] COED calls the usage quite acceptable[29] Manyverses of the King James Bible begin with and as does William Blakes poem And did those feet in ancient time (aka Jerusalem) Fowlers Modern EnglishUsage defends this use of and Chambers states that Although it is sometimesregarded as poor style it is not ungrammatical to begin a sentence with and [30]
See also also above and but below
bull anxious ndash Some prescriptivists argue that this word should only be used in the
sense of worried or worrisome (compare anxiety) but it has been used inthe sense of eager for over 250 years 52 of AHD4s Usage Panel accepts itsuse in the sentence We are anxious to see the new show of contemporarysculpture at the museum Also it suggests that the use of anxious to mean eager
may be mild hyperbole as the use of dying in the sentence Im dying to see your new baby[31] RH states bluntly that its use in the sense of eageris fullystandard[32] M-W defines anxious as 3 ardently or earnestly wishing ltanxiousto learn moregt synonym see EAGER[33] Chambers gives 3 very eager bullanxious to do well[34]
[edit] B
bull barbaric and barbarous mdash Barbaric applies to the culture of barbarians and may be positive (barbaric splendor) barbarous applies to the behavior of barbariansand is negative (barbarous cruelty) This is standard English usage HoweverM-W equates the third meaning of barbaric with the third of barbarous thatis mercilessly harsh or cruel[35] COD11 and Chambers list savagely cruel andcruel and brutal excessively harsh or vicious[36] respectively as the first
meanings for barbaric Only AHD4 disallows this usage and without comment[37]
o Undisputed The environment of the venue was barbaric
o Undisputed Terrorism is barbarous
o Disputed Capital punishment is a disgusting barbaric measure
bull begging the question In logic begging the question is another term for petitio
principii or arguing in a circle in other words making assumptions in advanceabout the very issue in dispute Now often used to mean simply leading to thequestion
o Undisputed You argue that Christianity must be true because the Bible
says so Isnt that begging the question
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o Disputed You want to go to the theatre That begs the question which day
we should go
bull but ndash Some prescriptivists argue that if and should not be used to begin sentencesthen neither should but These words are both conjunctions thus they believe that
they should be used only to link clauses within a sentence AHD4 states that itmay be used to begin a sentence at all levels of style [38]
[edit] C
bull can and may ndash Some prescriptivists argue that can refers to possibility and may
refers to permission and insist on maintaining this distinction although usage of can to refer to permission is pervasive in spoken and very frequent in writtenEnglish M-W notes Can and may are most frequently interchangeable in sensesdenoting possibility because the possibility of ones doing something may (or can) depend on anothers acquiescence they have also become interchangeable in
the sense denoting permission The use of can to ask or grant permission has beencommon since the 19th century and is well established although somecommentators feel may is more appropriate in formal contexts May is relativelyrare in negative constructions (maynt is not common) cannot and cant are usualin such contexts[39] AHD4 echoes this sentiment of formality noting that only21 of the Usage Panel accepted can in the example Can I take another week tosubmit the application[40] For its part OED labels the use of can for may ascolloquial[41]
bull comprise ndash Comprise means to consist of A second meaning to compose or constitute is sometimes attacked by usage writers However it is supported as
sense 3 along with a usage note in M-W[42] and although AHD4 notes the usageas a usage problem its usage note says Our surveys show that opposition tothis usage is abating In the 1960s 53 percent of the Usage Panel found this usageunacceptable in 1996 only 35 percent objected[43]
o Undisputed usage The English Wikipedia comprises more than two
million articleso Disputed usage The English Wikipedia comprises of more than two
million articleso Disputed usage The English Wikipedia is comprised of more than two
million articleso Disputed usage More than two million articles comprise the English
Wikipediao Disputed usage Diatoms comprise more than 70 of all phytoplankton
o Undisputed usage Diatoms constitute more than 70 of all
phytoplanktono Disputed usage Those in the industry have mostly scoffed at the young
inexperienced Carter and the rest of the high school pals that comprise thecompany[44]
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Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] D
bull deprecate ndash The original meaning in English is deplore or express disapproval
of (the Latin from which the word derives means pray to avert evil suggestingthat some event would be a calamity) The word is now also used to mean playdown belittle or devalue a shift that some prescriptivists disapprove of as itsuggests the word is being confused with the similar word depreciate in factAHD4 states that in this sense deprecate has almost completely supplanteddepreciate however a majority of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved thissense[45] Its use with the approximate meaning to declare obsolete in computer jargon is also sometimes condemned
bull diagnose ndash Cochrane (2004) states that to diagnose [someone] with a disease isan incorrect usage of the verb diagnose which takes the physician as subject and
a disease as object (eg to diagnose cancer) In American English according toAHD4[46] and M-W[47] the sense of diagnose [someone] with a disease is listedwithout comment or tag however for its part RH does not list such a usage withor without comment For British English COD11 offers identify the medicalcondition of (someone) she was diagnosed as having epilepsy (2004) this usagehowever did not appear in editions as recently as the 1990s Chambers does notoffer this sense at all[48]
o Disputed usage Mr Smith was diagnosed with diabetes
o Undisputed usage The doctor diagnosed diabetes
bull different ndash Standard usage in both Britain and America is different from (on the
analogy of to differ from) In Britain this competes with different to (coinedon the analogy of similar to) In America it competes with different than(coined on the analogy of other than) Different to is also found in IrishAustralian and New Zealand English
o Undisputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different
from the Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different to the
Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different than
the British
bull disinterested ndash Standard usage is as a word for unbiased but some have alsorendered it synonymous with uninterested or apathetic
o Undisputed usage As their mutual best friend I tried to remain
disinterested in their argument so as not to anger eithero Disputed usage The key to attracting a member of the opposite sex is to
balance between giving attention to him or her and appearingdisinterested
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bull due to ndash The adjectival use of due to is undisputed Its adverbial use howeverhas been a subject of dispute for many years as witnessed by several (especiallyUS) dictionary usage notes that in the end designate it as standard WilliamStrunk in his Elements of style labelled the disputed adverbial use of due to asincorrect [49] Although the first (1926) edition of FOWLER condemned the
adverbial use as common only among the illiterate the third (1996) editionsaid Opinion remains sharply divided but it begins to look as if this use of due
to will form part of the natural language of the 21C as one more example of aforgotten battle Due to is frequently used in place of from for with of because
of and other prepositions Undisputed synonyms for due to are caused by andattributable to
o Disputed usage He died due to cancer (He died of cancer)
o Disputed usage Due to the end of the Second War circumstances altered
profoundly (With the end of the Second War circumstances altered profoundly)
o Disputed usage The project failed due to lack of funds (The project
failed for lack of funds) o Undisputed usage His death was due to cancer
o Undisputed usage Many thought the problem was due to mismanagement
[edit] E
bull enormity ndash Frequently used as a synonym for enormousness or immensity but traditionally means extreme wickedness According to AHD4 thisdistinction has not always occurred historically but is now supported by 59 of the dictionarys Usage Panel[50] COD11 states that enormity as a synonym for hugeness is now broadly accepted as standard English Although Chambers lists
immenseness or vastness as a meaning it says it should not be used in thatsense commenting that it is encountered often because the word enormousness isawkward it recommends using instead another word such as hugeness greatness etc[51]
o Disputed usage The enormity of the elephant astounded me
o Traditional usage The enormity of Stalins purges astounds me
[edit] F
bull farther and further ndash Many prescriptivists adhere to the rule that farther only
should refer to matters of physical distance or position while further should bereserved for usages involving time or degree (as well as undisputed descriptionsof moreover and in addition)
o Disputed usage San Jose is further from LA than Santa Barbara
o Disputed usage LA was a couple hours farther from home than I
expectedo Disputed usage If her fever increases any farther I will call the doctor
o Undisputed usage I would like to discuss the issue further at a later time
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bull fortuitously ndash Used by some interchangeably with fortunately strictly speaking fortuitousness is a reference to an occurrence depending on chance M-W notesthat use of the word in sense of fortunate has been in standard use for at least 70years and notes that the sense of coming or happening by a lucky chance isvirtually unnoticed by usage critics[52][clarification needed ]
[edit] G
bull gender ndash Gender is often used interchangeably with sex in the sense of the biological or social quality male and female It is never used to refer to sexualintercourse
o Gender traditionally refers to grammatical gender a feature in the
grammar of a number of different languages Some prescriptivists arguethat its use as a euphemism for sex is to be avoided as a genteelismFowler (p 211) says it is used either as a jocularityor a blunder
o Sex and gender can be used in different but related senses with sex
referring to biological characteristics and gender to social roles andexpectations based on sex Use of gender as interchangeable with or as areplacement for sex may confuse readers who draw this distinction See
gender identity gender role
[edit] H
bull hoi polloi ndash The question surrounding hoi polloi is whether it is appropriate to usethe article the preceding the phrase it arises because hoi is the Greek word for the in the phrase and classical purists complain that adding the makes the phrase
redundant the the common people Foreign phrases borrowed into English areoften reanalyzed as single grammatical units requiring an English article inappropriate contexts AHD4 says The Arabic element al- means the andappears in English nouns such as alcohol and alchemy Thus since no one wouldconsider a phrase such as the alcohol to be redundant criticizing the hoi polloi onsimilar grounds seems pedantic[53]
bull hopefully ndash Some prescriptivists argue this word should not be used as anexpression of confidence in an outcome however M-W classes hopefully withother words such as interestingly frankly and unfortunately (which areunremarkably used in a similar way) as disjuncts and describes this usage as
entirely standard
[54]
AHD4 however notes that opposition to this usage by their usage panels has grown from 56 to 73 despite support for similar disjuncts(such as 60 support for the use of mercifully in Mercifully the game ended before the opponents could add another touchdown to the lopsided score) AHD4opines that this opposition is not to the use of these adverbs in general but thatthis use of hopefully has become a shibboleth[55] OED lists this usage withoutany colloquial or other label other than to say Avoided by many writers[56]
See also the discussion of hopefully as a dangling modifier One investigation in
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modern corpora on Language Log revealed that outside fiction where it stillrepresents 40 of all uses (the other qualifying primarily speech and gazes)disjunct uses account for the vast majority (over 90) of all uses of the word[57]
o Disputed usage Hopefully Ill get that scholarship
o Undisputed usage The prisoner thought hopefully about the prospect for
escape when he realized the guards accidentally left his cell unlocked
Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] L
bull less ndash Some prescriptivists argue that less should not be substituted for fewer Merriam-Webster notes The traditional view is that less applies to matters of degree value or amount and modifies collective nouns mass nouns or nounsdenoting an abstract whole while fewer applies to matters of number and modifies plural nouns Less has been used to modify plural nouns since the days of King
Alfred and the usage though roundly decried appears to be increasing Less ismore likely than fewer to modify plural nouns when distances sums of moneyand a few fixed phrases are involved ltless than 100 milesgt ltan investment of less
than $2000gt ltin 25 words or lessgt and as likely as fewer to modify periods of time ltin less (or fewer ) than four hoursgt[58]
o Disputed usage This lane 12 items or less
o Undisputed usage We had fewer players on the team this season
o Undisputed usage There is less water in the tank now
bull like and as ndash Some prescriptivists object to the use of like as a conjunction statingit is rather a preposition and that only as would be appropriate in this
circumstance M-W however cites likes use as a conjunction as standard sincethe 14th century and opines that opposition to it is perhaps more heated thanrational (see M-Ws entry like [7 conjunction]) AHD4 says Writers sinceChaucers time have used like as a conjunction but 19th-century and 20th-centurycritics have been so vehement in their condemnations of this usage that a writer who uses the construction in formal style risks being accused of illiteracy or worse and recommends using as in formal speech and writing[59] OED does nottag it as colloquial or nonstandard but notes Used as conj[unction] = like asas Now generally condemned as vulgar or slovenly though examples may befound in many recent writers of standing[60] Chambers lists the conjunctive useas colloquial[61]
o Undisputed usage He is an American as am Io Undisputed usage He is an American like me
o Undisputed usage It looks as if this play will be a flop
o Undisputed usage This play looks like a flop
o Disputed usage He is an American like I am
o Disputed usage It looks like this play will be a flop
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bull literally ndash Some prescriptivists argue literally should not be used as a mereemphatic unless the thing to which it refers is actually true It is used todisambiguate a possible metaphorical interpretation of a phrase M-W does notcondemn the second use which means in effect or virtually but says the useis pure hyperbole intended to gain emphasis but it often appears in contexts
where no additional emphasis is necessary[62]
o Disputed usage The party literally went with a bang (No it did not
unless there was an actual loud noise)o Undisputed usage I literally ran more than 25 miles today I ran a
marathon
bull loan ndash The use of loan as a verb meaning to give out a loan is disputed withlend being preferred for the verb form AHD4 flatly states [t]he verb loan is wellestablished in American usage and cannot be considered incorrect[63] M-W statesloan is entirely standard as a verb[64] RH says Sometimes mistakenlyidentified as an Americanism loan as a verb meaning to lend has been used in
English for nearly 800 years it further states that objections to this use arecomparatively recent[65] Chambers defines the verb loan as to lend (especiallymoney)[66] OED merely states Now chiefly US[67] and COD11 includes themeaning without tag or comment
o Undisputed usage I lent him some money
o Undisputed usage Fill out the paperwork for a loan
o Disputed usage I loaned him some money
[edit] M
bull may and might ndash May should only be used where the event in question is still
possible not for something that was possible in the past or for a hypothetical present possibility Might is properly the past tense form of may (In similar fashion could should and would are all past tense forms for can shalland will respectively)
o Undisputed usage My brother may have gone to China last week
( perhaps he did )o Disputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother may have gone
to China last week (but he didnt )o Undisputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother might have
gone to China last weeko Disputed usage He thought it may be true (but it wasnt )
o Undisputed usage He thought it might be true
bull meet ndash Some prescriptivists state that as a transitive verb in the context to cometogether by chance or arrangement meet (as in meet (someone)) does not requirea preposition between verb and object the phrase meet with (someone) is deemedincorrect Chambers flags this usage US[68] RH allows it in the sense of to joinas for conference or instruction I met with her an hour a day until we solved the problem[69] On the other hand none of M-W AHD4 or COD11 entertains this
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usage NOTE In the sense of fulfilling prerequisites or criteria (We met with theentry requirements) or that of encountering (Our suggestions may meet with
opposition the soldiers met with machine-gun fire) the verb phrase meet with isnot in dispute
o Disputed usage I will meet with you tonight
o
Undisputed usage I will meet you tonight
bull momentarily ndash Traditionally momentarily means for a moment but its use tomean in a moment is sometimes disputed M-W[70] and RH[71] give this latter usage a standard entry without comment while OED[72] and Chambers[73] tag itNAmer AHD4 has a usage note indicating that 59 of their Usage Paneldeems this usage unacceptable[74]
o Disputed usage Your feature presentation will begin momentarily
o Undisputed usage The flash from the atom bomb momentarily lit up the
night sky
[edit] N
bull nauseous ndash Traditionally nauseous means causing nausea (synonymous withnauseating) it is commonly used now as a synonym for queasy that ishaving the feeling of nausea AHD4 notes the traditional view stating that 72 of the Usage Panel preferred nauseated over nauseous to mean affected withnausea however 88 of that same panel preferred nauseating to nauseous tomean causing nausea in other words a maximum of only 28 prefersnauseous in either case It also states that in common usage nauseous issynonymous with nauseated but deems this usage incorrect[75] M-W howeverasserts that [t]hose who insist that nauseous is an error for nauseated are
mistaken[76] Both M-W and AHD4 accept that nauseous is supplantingnauseated for feeling nausea and in turn being replaced by nauseating for causing nausea in general usage they only differ on the correctness of thechange RH states The two literal senses of nauseous [] appear in English atalmost the same time in the early 17th century and both senses are in standard useat the present time Nauseous is more common than nauseated in the senseaffected with nausea despite recent objections by those who imagine the sense to be new[77] CHAMBERS lists the sense of causing nausea first and affected withnausea second[78] while COD11 gives the affliction first and causation second both dictionaries list the entries without comment OED goes further tagging itsnauseated usage as Orig[inally] US but demoted its nauseating usage to
literary OED also notes that the original (now obsolete) sense of the word inEnglish was inclined to sickness or nausea squeamish[79] Curiously this oldestseventeenth-century meaning (inclined to nausea) while distinct from thedisputed twentieth-century usage (afflicted by nausea) more closely resemblesthe latter than it does the prescribed meaning (causing nausea)
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseous
o Disputed usage That smell is making me nauseous
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseating
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 2941
future tense (The supervisor will be back presently)[80] M-W mentions the samevintage for the sense of now and that it is not clear why it is objectionable[81]
AHD4 states that despite its use nowadays in literate speech and writing thatthere is still lingering prejudice against this use In the late 1980s only 50 of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved of the sentence General Walters is hellip
presently the United States Ambassador to the United Nations[82]
COD11 lists both usages without comment CHAMBERS merely flags the sense of now asN Amer especially US[83]
o Disputed usage I am presently reading Wikipedia
o Undisputed usage I will be finished with that activity presently
[edit] R
bull refute ndash The traditional meaning of refute is disprove or dispel with reasoned
arguments It is now often used as a synonym for deny The latter sense islisted without comment by M-W[84] and AHD4[85] while CHAMBERS tags it ascolloquial[86] COD11 states that Traditionalists object to [the use of refute asdeny] but it is now widely accepted in standard English However RH does notmention this use at all[87]
bull relatively ndash Literally meaning compared to some now use relatively to meanmoderately or somewhat AHD4 does not list this usage at all [88] M-W hasapparently blended the two usages in one[89]
o Disputed usage That man was relatively annoying
o Undisputed usage Though relatively harmless when compared to
dimethylmercury mercury (II) oxide is still quite toxic
[edit] S
bull Scotch Scots and Scottish ndash Formerly English people used Scotch whereScottish people used Scottish The current convention is as follows
o Scottish for people
o Scotch for things (especially whisky)
o Scots for institutions (Scots law Scots language)
bull
seek ndash This means look for but is used to mean try or want This usage iscriticised by Fowler in the entry Formal Words
o Disputed usage we did seek to resolve the Iraq crisis by peaceful
means those who seek to emulate his legacy of murder the Liberalsseek to undermine that future[attribution needed ]
o Undisputed usage Seek and ye shall find
[edit] T
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3041
bull than mdash Than is the subject of a longstanding dispute as to its status as a preposition or conjunction see than For the disputed construction different thansee Different
bull they mdash Prescriptivists regard this as a plural pronoun that uses a third person
plural verb conjugation (see below they show) but the word is now commonlyused especially in speech and informal writing as a non-gender-specific third- person singular pronoun (which modern English otherwise lacks) Alternativesinclude he or she and generic he Some writers argue that generic he isgeneric (as the name implies) and thus includes both sexes Others find it sexist or too old-fashioned The pronouns you or one can be used in some sentences
o Disputed usage A person is rude if they show no respect for their hosts
o Undisputed usage One is rude if one shows no respect for ones hosts
o Undisputed usage It is rude not to show respect for hosts
o Undisputed usage Many people have told me that they are satisfied with
their food
bull thusly mdash Thusly (AHD4 suggests) was originally coined by educated writers tomake fun of uneducated persons trying to sound genteel[90] Thusly howeverdiffused into popular usage Some people accept it as an adverb in its own rightwhile others believe thus should be used in all cases The word thusly appearswith no associated usage notes in M-W[91] COD11 tags it as informal with theentry thus tagged as literary or formal CHAMBERS does not list the word atall and it is unknown in British usage[92]
[edit] U
bull unique ndash Some prescriptivists argue that unique only means sole or unequaled (British spelling unequalled) but most dictionaries give a thirdmeaning unusual which can be qualified by very or somewhat as in Thetheme of the party was somewhat unique see comparison Almost unique isuniversally acceptable[citation needed ]
[edit] W
bull
whilst and while mdash Penguin Working Words recommends while only and notesthat whilst is old-fashioned Cambridge Guide to English Usage and M-WsWebsters Guide to English Usage comment on its regional character and notethat it is rare in American usage It is thus safer to use only while in internationalEnglish (See the article While for further sources deprecating the use of whilst and cautioning about uses of while)
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3141
bull who mdash Some prescriptivists argue that who should be used only as a subject pronoun the corresponding object pronoun being whom Strictly speakingusing who instead of whom is substituting a subjective pronoun for an objective pronoun and hence is the same as using she instead of her (eg I talked to she
today) Most people never use whom in spoken English and instead use who for
all cases Those who use whom in everyday speech may recognize substitution of who as substandard FOWLER has an extensive entry on who and whom
including several quotes from major publications where whom is used incorrectlyo Undisputed usage You are talking to whom
o Disputed usage You are talking to who
o Undisputed usage To whom are you talking
o Disputed usage To who are you talking
o Disputed usage far more hostile to Diana whom she believes betrayed
the Prince of WalesmdashIndependent Mag 1993 (FOWLER)o Undisputed usage far more hostile to Diana who she believes betrayed
the Prince of Wales
o Disputed usage Whom do men say that I am (Mark 927 King JamesVersion)
bull whoever mdash This extension of who (see above) along with its object formwhomever is attended by the same uncertainties as who along with whom and isdiscussed in the same sources (See the relevant section at Who)
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever wants it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever you think should have it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whomever you choose to give it
o Disputed usage Give it to whoever you choose to give it to
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever wants it
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever you think should have it
Module - Pair work - Asking questions to yourpartner
Hey
with Group 2 we first talked a little about food at the beginning of the class as awarm up And here is what we said
to be written by Franc
Then today was the first day that we worked in pairs You had to find informationabout superhero characters asking questions to your partner
Here are the two worksheets if you still need to complete them
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW you need to be able to speak about the picture of a super hero + speak about
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their story + give the common points between all the super heroes presented Yourpresentation will last about 3 to 5 minutes You can send me some drafts (brouillon)if neededBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - Tale LV2
Southern Trees - beginning of the study
Hey
today we first warmed up about your future jobs while waiting for those who werelate Here is what you said
I would like to become an architect when I leave highschool (Selma)I want to study law to be a lawyer maybe ( Jeacuterocircme)
Structures WANT TO WOULD LIKE TO -- Attention aux noms de meacutetiers quisont preacuteceacutedeacutes de larticle aan
Then we did a quick recap about what Jim Crow laws used to be Here is what wesaid
bull Jim Crow Laws
These were laws about racial segregation until the end of the 1960sBlacks were not allowed to go to school with Whites
Blacks were not allowed to attend school with WhitesBlacks were forbidden to live together there were separate water
fountains rest rooms or entrances at restaurantsThey were prohibited to sit at the front of a bus
bull KKK(1865-)
white Protestantssupremacy of the white race
white costumesterrorism and violence to oppress Blacks
Finally we listened to the text and we started our general comprehesion by
highlighting the important information about the type of document the places thetime Here is what we wrote
bull Text Southern Trees
- type of doc extract from the autobiographic novel of Billie Holliday- who Billie Holliday Lewis Allen piano player of Billie Pop audience bitch
- where in New-York at Cafe Society on 52nd Street Miami Los Angeles
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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- when published in 1956
HW you need to finish answering the usual wh- questions about the text (inparticular about the feelings of the characters involved) You also need to divide thetext into 2 parts give them a title and justify your titles
NB you will have a vocabulary test next week with the words from the lesson andthe words from the tool box p 53 You may also have a test about the text andabout racial discrimination in the US on Wednesday It will depend on how far we areinto the study of the document Southern TreesBy English Prof
Enter comment - View comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Spiderman - Page 3
This morning with the whole class we first warmed up with why I was a little late inclass Here is what we wrote
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
Then we studied the last page from Spiderman
There was a secretary for each person that spoke about a panel Here are the notesthat we took while they were speaking
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
HW you will be able to speak about the document at the beginning of the class in arow (dun seul trait )You can download the last page here
By English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Oral tests about picture presentation + Lastsuperhero activity in pair work
Hey
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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today in module I asked you to speak about the picture p 152 that you had tocomment You need to improve your analysis Ill be asking other students next timeagain
Here is an example of presentation Its not perfect but its a rather good one
The document is a picture where there are two parts In the first part wecan see a white family at the bottom who is sitting in a garden They looksurprised and they are looking at the second family who feels happy and
impressed Contrary to the white family they are standing and clad with
their traditional dress Its a black family
To me the scene takes place in the USA and the goal of this picture is todenounce discrimination which treats people differently in society
The photographer aims at criticizing segregation In this photo theseparation is represented by the fence which is separating Africans from
Americans Segregation in the 20th century in America was when the Blacksand the Whites couldnt blend
To my mind this picture is a good representation of discrimination MartinLuther King and Rosa Park are the symbols of this conflict When I see somepeople wanted to change society and make people aware of these
inequalities through paintings photos speeches or parades Im grateful tothem
The picture attains its objective I like this photo because it denounces very
well the implicit problems of American society in the 20th century(by Rochella D)
Group 2 then we started a new activity about grammar on how to differentiatebetween Present Simple and Present Be + ing
You may download the documents hereyet to be uploaded
Group 1 Then we started a new activity that was initially designed by MissFernandes a colleague in the academy of Caen We first described the pictures of the superheroes
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW You need to finish the description of each picture and prepare the questions toask to your partner about the missing elements in your worksheetBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareMonday 16 november 2009
- Posted in For Fun
The Prisoner - New Series - Trailer
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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A new American series that you will probably LOVE Here is the trailer Looks andsounds fantastic
Exprimer le conseil en anglais
Today after taking a test on Body beauty and body parts (phonetics included) wespoke about superstitions on Friday the 13th And we discovered that Jonathansgrand-ma was extremely supersticious and that some of you believed in supernaturalthings too like Juliette who thinks her mother can read her mind or Camille RL whois sure what she says sometimes comes true Beware of the other Camille T whohas got a black cat She is certainly a witch and she may transform us all intopiglets Just kidding of course )
Here is what we said about superstitions
Today is a special day
On Friday the 13th people who are superstitious believe something terribly
bad or something awesome will happen to them
Examples of supertisions- you shouldnt be 13 around a table
- you shouldnt walk under a ladder- you shouldnt meet a black cat
- you shouldnt break a mirror- you shouldnt celebrate a birthday before
- you should wear a rabbit leg- you shouldnt walk on a line in the street
- you shouldnt cross your legs- you should touch wood when you say something bad
- you shouldnt put hats or shoes on a bed- you shouldnt open your umbrella inside
- you shouldnt put the bread upside down
Remember to express advice there are 3 very simple structures
bull should shouldnt + V
bull had better had better not + V bull ought to ought not to + V
Chocircmage unemployment
Embaucher to hire
bull by + V+ ing au moyen de en + V+ ingbull to + V pour + V (le but)
leisure loisirshigh ndash loweacuteleveacute ndash bas
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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ecirctre oblige de to have to + Vto lead to entraicircnerhuge immense= The work-week la semaine de travailIn France the 35 hours-work week was decided and implemented in the 1990rsquos by asocialist government ( Mrs Aubry)
Exercice de traduction 1) Les employeacutes doivent faire des heures suppleacutementairesEmployees must do long hoursEmployees have to do long hours2) Il y a de nombreuses faccedilons de trouver du travailThere are a lot of ways to find work3) Lrsquoimmense augmentation des reacuteseaux sociaux permettent aux gens decommuniquer drsquoavantageThe huge increase of social networks enables people to communicate more4) Le travail suppleacutementaire entraicircne des problegravemes de santeacute pour les hommessurmeneacutes
bull Homebull Mail
bull Photos
bull Music
bull Games + Apps
bull More
o SMS Groups
o Sawaal
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o Free SMS
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Sign Up Sign In
Ask your Question in Exams Education amp References
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Home raquo Education raquo Exams Education ampReferences raquo Question
thornyuml
thornyuml
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I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i mDoing for Improve my english give me your best idea
Asked in Exams Education amp References at 1200 PM on October 09 2008
Tags english idea
This question is closedReport abuse
ntn jainProfile | QampA
Rate this 00
bull Latest Answers(4)
Sort by Latest | Oldest | Top-rated
English is best improved by practice and also by taking a small course to improve grammar and communication skillsThe key to practice is to read newspapers magazines and books almost regularly You can also start talking andexpressing yourself in English with your peers friends and (if possible) relatives
Writing in English is a good habit that will strengthen your expression skills as well In case you complete this all-round approach I am sure you will do well All the best
Answered by Idle Mind an ibibo Master at 409 PM on October 13 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Idle MindProfile | QampA
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you can
Answered by Rachana an ibibo Citizen at 106 PM on October 11 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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RachanaProfile | QampA
well ntn
its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming
future n ways ntn some tips from my side that will help yu improve yu ur english are
i Observe the mouth movements of those who speak English well and try to imitate them
When you are watching television observe the mouth movements of the speakers Repeat what they are saying whileimitating the intonation and rhythm of their speech
ii Until you learn the correct intonation and rhythm of English slow your speech down
If you speak too quickly and with the wrong intonation and rhythm native speakers will have a hard timeunderstanding you
Dont worry about your listener getting impatient with your slow speech -- it is more important that everything you say be understood
iii Listen to the music of English
Do not use the music of your native language when you speak English Each language has its own way of singing
iv Use the dictionary
Try and familiarise yourself with the phonetic symbols of your dictionary Look up the correct pronunciation of wordsthat are hard for you to say
v Make a list of frequently used words that you find difficult to pronounce and ask someone who speaks the languagewell to pronounce them for you
Record these words listen to them and practice saying them Listen and read at the same time
vi Buy books on tape
Record yourself reading some sections of the book Compare the sound of your English with that of the person readingthe book on the tape
vii Pronounce the ending of each word
Pay special attention to S and ED endings This will help you strengthen the mouth muscles that you use when youspeak English
viii Read aloud in English for 15-20 minutes every day
Research has shown it takes about three months of daily practice to develop strong mouth muscles for speaking a newlanguage
ix Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation mistakes
Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice and avoid listening to themselves speak However this is a veryimportant exercise because doing it will help you become conscious of the mistakes you are making
x Be patient
You can change the way you speak but it wont happen overnight People often expect instant results and give up toosoon You can change the way you sound if you are willing to put some effort into it
GOOD LUCK
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Answered by Anant-- an ibibo Master at 133 PM on October 09 2008
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Anant--Profile | QampA
BEST WAY ACCORDING TO ME IS READ DAILY ENGLISH NEWSPAPER IF U COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY ONE OXFORD DICTIONARY AND REFER MEANINGS AND IFU COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY MEANINGS CONVERSION OF ENGLISH TO UR MOTHER TONGUE THIS MAY TAKESOME TIME THERE WILL BE SOME IMPROVEMENT IN JUST 1 MONTH BETTER READ HINDU OR TIMES OF INDIAALL THE BEST
Answered by gyaneshwar an ibibo Citizen at 1258 PM on October 09 2008
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gyaneshwar Profile | QampA
Related Search
Meri english bahot hi weak haimain apni english kaise strong kar sakta hoonkis tarah fluentlyenglish bol sakta hoon
dearthe simple way to improve you english is to particehave you ever heard of the saying Parctise makes a man perfect so even when you you commit mistake try to learn from the mistake and rectify themand simple start askingquestion to people in Englishand if you want yo learn english donot fell embrace in the front of anyone and alsotry to read TIMES OF INDIAN
Posted in Self Development by naqeeb ahmar at 758 PM on March 17 2008Tags meri english bahot weak apni kaise strong sakta tarah fluently hoon
how to improve english plese tell me
to compose simple sentences in your mind when you are alone Stick on the idea you want to convey rather than thegrammar Speak to the native English speakers if possible Chatt with those in internet SearchI dont know the level of your english if you have basics the fun way of learning are english comics cartoon network in english or any english
movies comics will help you in speaking good english
Posted in Love amp Romance by Shiva Singh at 1015 PM on September 24 2008Tags improve english plese
How can i improve my Enlish speaking and writing both
their meanings and use them in your convesationListen to english newsFor writing read the books on letters essaysand storiesslowly you will get the idea of using english in your convenienceFinally findDear Ashok It is good you
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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want to improve your English First and foremost thing you need is YOU All you need to do is give quality time notthe quantity Do make a conscious effort and smart work
Posted in Self Development by ashok sharma at 626 AM on October 14 2008Tags improve enlish writing
how to use GPRS in china made mob prince A960
here most of gprs settings for most of mobile service operator India to enter in your phone mannulay Here you havemanual gprs settings for vodafone hutch idea airtel bsnl airtel live airtel mobile you can enter in your phone andconfigure mannuallyManual Idea gprs Settings1 Account Name - ideaGPRS2 Username - leave Blank3 Password -leave Blank4 Homepage - httpwapideafreshcom5
Posted in Computers amp Technology by vivek soni at 145 AM on June 13 2008Tags gprs help china mad mob
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i m Doing for Improve my englishgive me your best idea
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the
pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you canwell ntn its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming future n ways ntn some tips from my sidethat will help yu improve yu ur english are i Observe
Posted in Exams Education amp References by ntn jain at 939 PM on October 13 2008Tags want improve english improve best
what is html
they want Text is what you will use English letters just like you use everyday Markup is what you will do You willwrite in plain English and then mark up what you wrote Language Some may argue that technically html is a code
but you write html in plain everyday English languageHi RockyHTML is the code behind your webpage and is whatyour browser looks for to display a webpage the way the webdesigner
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Rocky at 258 PM on May 07 2008Tags html
how I improve my english speech
and be confidentYOU CAN DOWNLOAD A LOT OF SOFTWARES FROM INTERNET IT REALLY HELPSAND ANOTHER IDEA IS TO WATCH ENGLISH CHANNELS LIKE METRO NATION NDTV GOOD TIMESAND DONT FORGET TO WATCH NDTV DISCUSSIONSget to c more english movie join times classes on english
they improvise a lotEnglish can be improved by reading booksnewspaper by discussionsThese are certain tips toimprove english
Posted in Counselling by sagar gawde at 803 PM on February 14 2008Tags improve english speech
What is the best way to enhance skills in English Which is most best website which can help tolearn English from basic to a very high class
will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin thinking in English Listening to Native Speakers as Much asPossible is the good idea to enhance your English language skills Here are someFirst of all be motivated become a
person who likes to learn English Using as many different sources methods and tools as possible will allow you tolearn faster There are many different ways
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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Posted in Self Development by RAVINDRA at 644 PM on October 03 2008Tags best enhance skills website help learn english basic high
Who created the first mouse
to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThe first marketed integrated mouseshipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came from the resemblance of earlymodels which had a cord attached to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThefirst marketed integrated mouse shipped as a part
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Aryan Gusain at 212 PM on July 02 2008Tags created first mouse
Do you have any idea for FRANKLYN INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGE Its a spoken English Institutewhich gives Job Guarantee if anyone knows plz let me know
190A Maniktolla Main Road Kolkata-54 phone no 91-33-32401558 91-33-32428200 frankylnkkghotmailcomhi poonamur question gives an idea dat ur command on english is nt poor why u r lookingYou have heard rightFRANKLYN offers spoken english courses and there is also a lot of students pursuing courses there
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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many The abbreviation ie stands for the Latin id est that is and is used to givethe only example(s) or to otherwise qualify the statement just made
o Standard A Briton is a British citizen eg John Lennon
o Standard Tolkiens The Hobbit is named after its protagonist ie Bilbo
Baggins
o Non-standard A Briton is a British citizen ie Paul McCartney (at thelast count there were about 60 million BritonsmdashSir Paul is far from being
the only one)
bull emigration and immigration Emigration is the process of leaving a countryimmigration is the process of arriving in a countrymdashin both cases indefinitely
o Standard Ethnic communities such as Little Italy were created by people
emigrating from their home countries
bull eminent preeminent imminent and immanent Eminent originally meaningemerging means illustrious or highly-regarded Preeminent means most
highly-regarded Imminent means about to occur Immanent (less common thanthe other two and often theological) means indwelling pervadingo Standard The eminent doctor Jones testified on behalf of the defence
o Standard Rumours that war was imminent soon spread through the
populationo Standard Gods grace is immanent throughout the entire creation
bull exacerbate and exasperate Exacerbate means to make worse Exasperate
means to exhaust usually someones patienceo Standard Treatment by untrained personnel can exacerbate injuries
o Standard Do not let Jack talk to the state trooper he is tactless and will
just exasperate her
bull flesh and flush To flesh out is to add flesh to a skeleton or metaphorically to addsubstance to an incomplete rendering To flush out is to cause game fowl to taketo flight or to frighten any quarry from a place of concealment
o Standard The forensic pathologist will flesh out the skull with clay
o Standard The beaters flushed out the game with drums and torches
o Non-standard This outline is incomplete and must be flushed out
bull flounder and founder To flounder is to be clumsy confused indecisive or toflop around like a fish out of water A flounder is also a type of flatfish To
founder is to fill with water and sinko Standard The ship is damaged and may founder
o Standard She was floundering on the balance beam
o Non-standard The ship is damaged and may flounder
bull flout and flaunt One flouts a rule or law by flagrantly ignoring it One flaunts
something by showing it offo Standard If you have it flaunt it
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 841
o Standard He continually flouted the speed limit
o Non-standard If you have it flout it
o Non-standard He continually flaunted the speed limit
bull hay and straw Hay is a grassy plant used as animal fodder Straw is the dry stalk
of a cereal plant (eg barley oats rice rye) after the grain or seed has beenremoved it is used to line an animals stall or for insulation
bull hang To hang something or someone in the present tense one uses the sameform In the past however pictures are hung and criminals are hanged
bull hangar and hanger The aeroplane is in the hangar the coat is on the hanger
bull historic and historical In strict usage historic describes an event of importance mdashone that shaped history or is likely to do so Historical merely describessomething that happened in the past
o Standard The president made a(n) historic announcement (Theannouncement was of historical importance)
o Non-standard The office kept an archive of historic records (The records
are not necessarily of historical importancemdashthey are simply records fromthe past)
bull hoard and horde A hoard is a store or accumulation of things A horde is a largegroup of people
o Standard A horde of shoppers lined up to be the first to buy the new
gizmoo Standard He has a hoard of discontinued rare cards
o Non-standard Do not horde the candy share ito Non-standard The hoard charged when the horns sounded
[edit] I to J
bull imply and infer Something is implied if it is a suggestion intended by the personspeaking whereas a conclusion is inferred if it is reached by the person listening
o Standard When Tony told me he had no money he was implying that I
should give him someo Standard When Tony told me he had no money I inferred that I should
give him some
o Non-standard When Tony told me he had no money he was inferring thatI should give him some
bull inherent and inherit A part inherent in X is logically inseparable from X Toinherit is a verb meaning pass down a generation
o Standard Risk is inherent in the stock market
o Standard The next president inherits a legacy of mistrust and fear
o Non-standard There is violence inherit in the system
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 941
bull its and its Its is a contraction that replaces it is or it has (see apostrophe) Its isthe possessive determiner corresponding to it meaning belonging to it
o Standard Its time to eat (it is time)
o Standard Its been nice getting to meet you (it has been)
o Standard My cell phone has poor reception because its antenna is broken
o Non-standard Its good to be the kingo Non-standard The bicycle tire had lost all of its pressure
bull irony Something is ironic if it is the opposite of what is appropriate expected or fitting
o Standard It is ironic that the center for the handicapped has no wheelchair
rampo Standard It is ironic that Alanis Morissette wrote a song called Ironic
with many examples not one of which is actually ironico Non-standard It is ironic that George W Bush is right-handed and
Republican while Bill Clinton is left-handed and Democratic
o Non-standard It is raining on our wedding day Is it not ironic
bull isle and aisle An isle is an island An aisle is corridor through which one may pass from one place to another
o Standard He came from a small isle in the Caribbean
o Standard The coffee is down the third aisle on the left
[edit] K to L
bull lay (lay laid laid laying ) and lie (lie lay lain lying ) are often usedsynonymously Lay is a transitive verb meaning that it takes an object To lay
something means to place something Lie on the other hand is intransitive andmeans to recline (and also to tell untruths but in this case the verb is regular andcauses no confusion) The distinction between these related verbs is further blurred by the fact that past tense of lie is lay An easy rule of thumb is to replacethe words with sit and set If sit makes sense (eg sit down) then lie should beused (lie down) If the sentence works with set (eg set the book on the table) thenlay should be used (lay the book on the table) To lie can also mean to not tell thetruth - but in that case the past tense is lied A layoff is never a lieoff or lyoff
o Standard I lay my husbands work clothes out for him every morning
Yesterday I decided to see if he paid attention to what I was doing so Ilaid out one white sock and one black He did not notice
o Standard You should not lie down right after eating a large mealYesterday I lay on my bed for half an hour after dinner and sufferedindigestion as a result My wife saw me lying there and made me get upshe told me that if I had waited for a couple of hours I could have laindown in perfect comfort
o Standard You lied to me there is no hidden chamber
o Non-standard Is this bed comfortable when you lay on it (Should be lie)
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o Non-standard Yesterday I lied down in my office during the lunch hour
(Should be lay)o Non-standard There was no reason for him to have laid down in the
middle of the path it unnerved me to see him laying there saying nothing(Should be have lain down and him lying there)
o Non-standard Lie the baby down and change his diaper (Should be layas lie is intransitive)
o Non-standard It could be easy for those guys to lay down After I left
they could have just laid down[3] o Non-standard I am going to lay out in the sun and work on my tan
(Should be lie In general the term lay out when referring to sunbathing isalways non-standard usage)
o Non-standard Sorry I lay about our appointment yesterday (Should be
lied )o Non-standard You should not lay down right after eating a large meal
Yesterday I lied on my bed for half an hour after dinner and suffered
indigestion as a result My wife saw me laying there and made me get upshe told me that if I had waited for a couple of hours I could have lied
down in perfect comfort (Should be lie lay lying and lain)
bull levee and levy A levee is a structure built along a river to raise the height of its banks thereby preventing nearby land from flooding (see dike) To levy is toimpose (1) a tax fine or other assessment or (2) a military draft as a noun a levy
is an assessment or army thus gathered The two words share a common root butthey are not considered interchangeable in Standard English Because they arehomophones misuse is usually only apparent when observed in writing
o Standard The Netherlands is well known for its elaborate system of
leveeso Standard This statute allows the state to levy a 3 tax
o Non-standard Recent storms have weakened the levy
bull literally[4] A term used to emphasize that a statement is not metaphoricalfigurative or hyperbolic It is also commonly misused as an intensifier for metaphorical figurative or hyperbolic statements
o Standard The mayor is literally a convicted felon
o Non-standard The mayor is literally robbing us blind with this new tax
bull loathe and loath or loth Loathe is a verb meaning to strongly dislike and loath
or loth means unwilling or reluctanto Standard I loathe arrogant people
o Standard I was loath to concede defeat
o Standard I was loth to submit to a body-cavity search until I saw who
would be administering it
bull lose and loose Lose can mean fail to win misplace or cease to be in possession Loose can mean the opposite of tight or the opposite of tighten Lose
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is often misspelled loose likely because lose has an irregular rhyme for the way itis spelled it is more common for words ending -ose to rhyme -əʊz like nose or rose but lose rhymes -u zː like news or confuse This may cause poor spellers toguess the correct spelling should match another -u z rhyming word likeː choosealthough choose is itself also an exception to the regular rhyme for words ending
-oose (typically such words including loose rhyme -u sː
like goose or caboose)o Standard We cannot afford to lose customers to our competitors
o Standard A screw is loose and I need a screwdriver to tighten it
o Non-standard If the team cannot score any points they will loose the
game
[edit] M
bull macerate marinate and marinade (From post-classical Latin marina brineshort for classical Latin aqua marina sea water)[5] In Standard English marinade
is a noun and not a verb marinate is the verb Macerate means to soften by
steeping in a liquid and in culinary terminology is used for non-protein itemsspecifically fruit [5] The word macerate is also used in science to soften bonerock etc in a liquid[5]
o Standard The meat will taste better if you marinate it in olive oil before
cookingo Standard Prepare the marinade by mixing vinegar and soy sauce
o Non-standard Marinade the meat in wine for half an hour
o Standard Macerate the fruit in wine for half an hour
o Non-standard Marinate the fruit in wine for half an hour
bull me myself and I In a traditional prescriptive grammar I is used only as a
subject me is used only as an object and myself is used only as a reflexive objectthat is to say when the subject is I and the object would otherwise be meMyself is often used incorrectly often in a form of hypercorrection Like the other reflexive pronouns myself should be used only when both the subject and objectof the verb are the speaker or as an emphatic pronoun (intensifier )
o Standard Jim and I took the train
o Standard He lent the books to Jim and me
o Standard That is I in the picture (This is very formal and seldom found
in speech)o Acceptable That is me in the picture (This is typical in informal English)
o Standard (intensifying) I myself have seen instances of that type
o Standard (reflexive) I hurt myself I did it to myself I played by myself Iwant to enjoy myself
o Non-standard Jim and me went into town
o Non-standard Me and Jim went into town
o Non-standard As for myself I prefer the red
o Non-standard He is an American like myself
o Non-standard He gave the paper to Jim and myself
o Non-standard My wife and myself do not like the development
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o Non-standard I wake upWith my eyes shut tightHoping tomorrow will
never comeFor you and I (Should be For you and me) (From You AndI Part II by Fleetwood Mac)
bull mitigate and militate To mitigate is to make something milder To militate is to
fight or exert pressure for something to happen or not to happeno Standard The seriousness of your crime was mitigated by the provocation
you were undero Standard Over-protective practices in this factory militate against
increased efficiencyo Non-standard Over-protective practices in this factory mitigate against
increased efficiency
[edit] N to R
bull novice and novitiate A novice is a prospective or trainee member of a religious
order The novitiate is the state of being a novice or the time for which one is anovice However a novice monk or nun is often incorrectly described as anovitiate (perhaps confused with initiate)
bull of and have In some dialects of spoken English of and the contracted form of have ve sound alike However in standard written English they are notinterchangeable
o Standard Susan would have stopped to eat but she was running late
o Standard You could have warned me
o Non-standard I should of known that the store would be closed (Should
be I shouldve known)
bull overestimate and underestimate There is frequent confusion between thingsthat cannot and should not be overunderestimated though the meanings areopposite
o Standard The damage caused by pollution cannot be overestimated (ie it
is so enormous that no estimate however high is excessive)o Standard The damage caused by pollution should not be underestimated
(ie it is wrong to regard it as minor)o Non-standard The damage caused by pollution cannot be underestimated
(literal meaning it is so minimal that no estimate is too small Intendedmeaning one of the previous two)
bull past and passed Past refers to events that have previously occurred while passed is the past tense of to pass whether in a congressional action or a physical occurrence
o Standard Congress passed the bill limiting the powers of the President
o Standard History is mainly concerned with the events of the past
o Non-standard He past my house on his way to the store
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bull peremptory and preemptive A peremptory act or statement is absolute it cannot be denied A preemptive action is one taken before an adversary can act
o Standard He issued a peremptory order
o Standard Preemptive air strikes stopped the enemy from launching the
new warship
bull perpetrate and perpetuate To perpetrate something is to commit it while to perpetuate is something is to cause it to continue or to keep happening
o Standard The gang perpetrated outrages against several citizens
o Standard The stories only serve to perpetuate the legend that the house is
haunted
bull perquisite and prerequisite Perquisite usually means an extra allowance or privilege Prerequisite means something required as a condition
o Standard He had all the perquisites of a movie star including a stand-in
o Standard Passing the examination was one of the prerequisites for a
teaching position
bull perspective and prospective Perspective is a view with correct visual anglesexample parallel railway tracks converging in the distance Prospective is afuture possibility or expectation
bull perspicuity and perspicacity If something is perspicuous it is easily understoodits meaning is obvious If one is perspicacious then one is quick to understand or has good insight
o Standard I admired her perspicacity she just seemed to get it so much
better than I
o Standard He expressed the idea so perspicuously that anyone couldunderstand
o Non-standard She spoke in a perspicacious way
bull peruse means to read or examine very carefully but is sometimes usederroneously when the exact opposite is meant to read superficially to glanceover quickly to skim
bull photogenic and photographic The former is to be used to mean someoneslikeness is particularly amenable to being well photographed The latter isanything pertaining to photography whether it is technical eg photographic
chemical or equipment or generic eg photographic journals
bull prescribe and proscribe To prescribe something is to command or recommendit To proscribe somebody or something is to outlaw him her or it
bull progeny and prodigy Progeny are offspring or things that follow something elseA prodigy is a genius or a marvelous example of something
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bull Quartary and quaternary Quartary (from Latin quartarius) is the fourthmember of an ordinal number word series beginning with (primary secondarytertiary) and continuing with (quintary sextary )[6] Quaternary (from Latinquaternarius) is the fourth member of a distributive number word series beginning with (singular binary ternary) and continuing with (quinary senary
septenary octonary centenary)[7][8]
In biology the non-standard usage Quaternary structure is so firmly entrenchedthat to refer to Quartary structure would be incorrect
bull redundant does not mean useless or unable to perform its function It meansthat there is an excess of something that something is surplus to requirementsand no longer needed or that it is obsolete
o Standard A new pill that will instantly cure any illness has made
antibiotics redundant (Antibiotics could still be used to cure illnesses butthey are no longer needed because a better pill has been invented)
o
Standard The week before Christmas the company made seventy-fiveworkers redundanto Non-standard Over-use of antibiotics risks making them redundant (This
should read over-use of antibiotics risks making them ineffective)
bull regimen and regiment A regimen is a system of order and may often refer to thesystematic dosing of medication A regiment is a military unit
o Standard The sick soldier was removed from his regiment
o Standard The sick soldier was ordered to complete a regimen of
amoxicillin
bull
reign and rein A reign refers to the rule of a monarch Reins are the straps usedto control the movements of an animal (typically a horse) Thus to take thereins means to assume control and to have free rein means to be free of constraints[9]
o Non-standard the Suns gave Sports Illustrateds Jack McCallum free
reign of practices[10] o Non-standard Bobby Jindal a whiz kid takes the reigns of Louisianas
Department of Health and Hospital[11]
[edit] S to T
bull sensual and sensuous Both words mean to do with the senses Sensual is moreoften applied to a pleasure or experience or to a persons character sensuous tosomeone or something of enticing appearance
o Standard Don Juan is the most sensual character in fiction
o Standard Ascetics believe in avoiding all sensual pleasures
o Standard Marilyn Monroe looks extremely sensuous in this film clip
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bull set and sit When used as a verb to set means to place or to adjust to a valuewhereas to sit means to be seated
o Standard Set the pot upon the stove
o Standard Set the temperature-control to 100 degC
o Non-standard Set down over there
o Non-standard Sit the pot on the stoveo Standard Sit on the chair
bull shrink and shirk To shirk means to consistently avoid to neglect to be tooafraid to engage To shrink means to contract to become physically smaller insize also to shrink away means to suddenly jerk away from something inhorror However to shrink from may also mean to hesitate or show reluctancetoward
o Standard I will not shirk discussion
o Standard I will not shrink from discussion
o Standard She shrank away from me
o Non-standard I will not shrink discussiono Non-standard I will not shirk from discussion
bull sight site and cite A sight is something seen a site is a place To cite is to quoteor list as a source
o Standard You are a sight for sore eyes
o Standard I found a list of the sights of Rome on a tourist site
o Standard Please cite the sources you used in your essay
o Standard You must travel to the site of the dig to see the dinosaur bones
o Standard It is necessary to have line-of-sight if you want to use
semaphore
o Non-standard One must be careful on a construction sighto Non-standard I will site the book in which I saw the statistics
o Non-standard I could not fire because I did not have line-of-site to the
target
bull temblor and trembler A temblor is an earthquake A trembler is something thattrembles
bull than and then Than is a grammatical particle and preposition associated withcomparatives whereas then is an adverb and a noun In certain dialects the twowords are usually homophones because they are function words with reduced
vowels and this may cause speakers to confuse themo Standard I like pizza more than lasagne
o Standard We ate dinner then went to the movies
o Non-standard You are a better person then I am
bull there their theyre and therere There refers to the location of somethingTheir means belonging to them Theyre is a contraction of They are Therere
is a contraction of there are[citation needed ]
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o Standard Therere five of them and theyre all coming to the restaurant for
their dinner we will meet them there
bull theres wheres etc A common spoken mistake is using a singular contractionwhen it should be plural in words like theres and wheres This stems from the
fact that therere and wherere are more difficult to enunciate and are oftenavoided for that reason in colloquial speecho Non-standard Wheres the cars (Should be Wherere)
o Non-standard Theres many types of cars (Should be Therere)
bull to too Too means in excess or also To is a preposition or is a part of a verbin the infinitive At the end of a sentence to may also refer to a dropped verb inthe infinitive
bull trimester A trimester is a period of three months[12][13] Because it is mostcommonly used in conjunction with a nine-month academic year [14] or a nine-
month term of human pregnancy[15]
it is sometimes wrongly assumed thattrimester is simply a synonym for one third[16][17] o Standard One calendar year contains four trimesters
o Non-standard Without further delay then comes ESPNcoms annual
(and overdue) First Trimester Report ushering folks back to the office bytaking stock of the seasons opening third[18]
[edit] U to Z
bull venal and venial These words are sometimes confused venal means corruptable to be bribed or for sale venial means pardonable not serious[2][19]
o Standard According to Catholic doctrine eating meat on a Friday is avenial sin but murder is a mortal sin
o Standard All ages have examples of venal politicians
bull warranty and warrantee A warranty is a legal assurance that some object can perform some specified task or meets certain quality standards A warrantee is the person who benefits from a warranty The verb form is warrant Confusion herecan stem from guarantee and the less common guaranty which have similar meanings
o Standard Most new cars come with at least a three-year warranty
o Standard I guarantee that you will make a return on your investment
o Non-standard Your mobile phone has stopped working Maybe you needto claim under the warrantee
bull whose and whos Whose is an interrogative word (Whose is this) or a relative pronoun (The people whose house you admired) whos is a contraction for whois or who has
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bull wont and wont Wont is a contraction for will not while wont is a wordmeaning accustomed or inclined to (as an adjective) or habit or custom (as anoun)
o Standard He wont let me drive his car
o Standard He spent the morning reading as he was wont to do
o Standard He took a walk in the evening as was his wonto Non-standard I wont need to go to the supermarket after all
bull youre and your While they sound the same in many dialects in standard writtenEnglish they have separate meanings Youre is a contraction for you are and your is a possessive pronoun meaning belonging to you When in doubt just seewhether the word in question can logically be expanded to you are
o Standard When driving always wear your seatbelt
o Standard If youre going out please be home by ten oclock
o Non-standard Youre mother called this morning
o Non-standard Your the first person to notice my new haircut today
bull aggravate ndash Some prescriptivists have argued that this word should not be used inthe sense of to annoy or to oppress but only to mean to make worseHowever this proscription against to annoy is not rooted in history Accordingto AHDI the annoy usage occurs in English as far back as the 17th centuryfurthermore in Latin from which the word was borrowed both meanings wereused[1] Sixty-eight percent of AHD4s Usage Panel approves of its use in Its theendless wait for luggage that aggravates me the most about air travel [2] M-Wmentions that while aggravate in the sense of to rouse to displeasure or anger byusually persistent and often petty goading has been around since the 17thcentury disapproval of that usage only appeared around 1870[3] RH states in its
usage note under aggravate that The two most common senses of aggravate areto make worse and to annoy or exasperate Both senses first appeared in theearly 17th century at almost the same time the corresponding two senses of thenoun aggravation also appeared then Both senses of aggravate and aggravation
have been standard since then[4] Chambers cites this usage as colloquial andthat it is well established especially in spoken English although it is sometimesregarded as incorrect[5]
o Disputed usage Its the endless wait for luggage that aggravates me the
most about air travelo Undisputed usage Being hit on the head by a falling brick aggravated my
already painful headache
bull aint ndash originally a contraction of am not this word is widely used as areplacement for arent isnt havent and hasnt as well While aint hasexisted in the English language for a very long time and it is a common normalword in many dialects in both North America and the British Isles it is not a partof standard English and its use in formal writing is not recommended by mostusage commentators Its unselfconscious use in speech may tend to mark thespeaker as uneducated Nevertheless aint is used by educated speakers and
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writers for deliberate effect what Oxford American Dictionary describes astongue-in-cheek or reverse snobbery and what Merriam-Webster Collegiate
calls emphatic effect or a consistently informal style[6]
bull alibi ndash Some prescriptivists argue this cannot be used in the non-legal sense of
an explanation or excuse to avoid blame or justify action AHD4 notes that thisusage was acceptable to almost half[7] of the Usage Panel while most opposedthe words use as a verb M-W mentions no usage problems listing the disputedmeaning second to its legal sense without comment OED cites the non-legal nounand verb usages as colloquial and orig[inally] US[8] Chambers deems this usecolloquial[9]
bull alright ndash An alternate to all right that some consider illiterate but others allowRH says that it probably arose in analogy with other similar words such asaltogether and already it does concede the use in writing as informal and thatall right is used in more formal edited writing[10] AHD4 flags alright as
nonstandard
[11]
and comments that this unacceptance (compared to altogether etc) is peculiar and may be due to its relative recentness (altogether andalready date back to the Middle Ages alright only a little over a century)[12]
Chambers refers to varying levels of formality of all right deeming alright to bemore casual it recommends the use of all right in writing for readers who are precise about the use of language[13]
bull also ndash Some prescriptivists contend this word should not be used to begin asentence AHD4 says 63 percent of the Usage Panel found acceptable theexample The warranty covers all power-train components Also participating dealers back their work with a free lifetime service guarantee[14] See also and amp
but below
bull alternate ndash In British English this adjective means according to OED and other sources switching between two options or similar It does not mean the same asalternative (see next) which OED specifically marks as an American meaning of alternate In international English it is thus thought better to observe the Britishdistinction then the meanings of alternative and alternate will be clear toeveryone (See meanings given at M-W the same applies to the adverbsalternately and alternatively)
bull alternative ndash Some prescriptivists argue that alternative should be used onlywhen the number of choices involved is exactly two While AHD4 allows thewords longstanding use to mean one of a number of things from which only onecan be chosen and the acceptance of this usage by many language critics it goeson to state that only 49 of its Usage panel approves of its use as in Of the threealternatives the first is the least distasteful[15] Neither M-W[16] nor RH[17]
mentions any such restriction to a choice of two Chambers qualifies its definitionas referring to strictly speaking two but often used of more than two possibilities[18]
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bull ampm ndash These are Latin abbreviations for the adverbial phrases antemeridiem (before noon) and post meridiem (after noon) Some prescriptivistsargue that they thus should not be used in English as nouns meaning morningand afternoon however such use is consistent with ordinary nominalizationfeatures of English AHD4 lists adjectival usage with an AM appointment [19]
and a PM appointment[20]
RH gives Shall we meet Saturday am[19]
withoutcomment it gives no corresponding example at pm so that usage can only beextrapolated Also the National Institute of Standards and Technology (nd)contends it is incorrect to use 12 am or 12 pm to mean either noon or midnight
bull amongamongst and between ndash The traditionalist view is that between shouldonly be used when there are only two objects for comparison and among or amongst should be used for more than two objects Most style guides anddictionaries do not support this advice saying that between can be used to refer tosomething that is in the time space or interval that separates more than two itemsM-W says that the idea that between can be used only of two items is persistent
but unfounded
[21]
and AHD4 calls it a widely repeated but unjustified tradition[22] The OED says In all senses between has been from its earliest appearanceextended to more than two[23] Chambers says It is acceptable to use between
with reference to more than two people or things although does state that among
may be more appropriate in some circumstances[24] o Undisputed usage I parked my car between the two telegraph poles
o Undisputed usage Youll find my brain between my ears
o Disputed usage The duck swam between the reeds
o Disputed usage They searched the area between the river the farmhouse
and the woodso Undisputed usage We shared the money evenly amongst the three of us
o
Disputed usage We shared the money between Tom Dick and meo Undisputed usage My house was built among the gum trees
bull amount ndash Some prescriptivists argue amount should not be substituted for number They recommend the use of number if the thing referred to is countableand amount only if it is uncountable While RH acknowledges the traditionaldistinction between amount and number it mentions that [a]lthough objected tothe use of amount instead of number with countable nouns occurs in both speechand writing especially when the noun can be considered as a unit or group (theamount of people present the amount of weapons) or when it refers to money(the amount of dollars paid the amount of pennies in the till)[25] (see also less)
o
Disputed usage I was amazed by the amount of people who visited mywebsite (With knowledge of the exact number)o Undisputed usage The number of people in the lift must not exceed 10
o Undisputed usage I was unimpressed by the amount of water consumed
by the elephant
bull and ndash Some prescriptivists argue that sentences should not begin with the wordand on the argument that as a conjunction it should only join clauses within a
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sentence AHD4 states that this stricture has been ridiculed by grammarians for decades and ignored by writers from Shakespeare to Joyce Carol Oates[26] RHstates Both and and but and to a lesser extent or and so are common astransitional words at the beginnings of sentences in all types of speech andwriting it goes on to suggest that opposition to this usage probably stems from
the overuse of such sentences by inexperienced writers[27]
ENCARTA opinesthat said opposition comes from too literal an understanding of the joiningfunction of conjunctions and states that any overuse is a matter of poor style notgrammatical correctness[28] COED calls the usage quite acceptable[29] Manyverses of the King James Bible begin with and as does William Blakes poem And did those feet in ancient time (aka Jerusalem) Fowlers Modern EnglishUsage defends this use of and Chambers states that Although it is sometimesregarded as poor style it is not ungrammatical to begin a sentence with and [30]
See also also above and but below
bull anxious ndash Some prescriptivists argue that this word should only be used in the
sense of worried or worrisome (compare anxiety) but it has been used inthe sense of eager for over 250 years 52 of AHD4s Usage Panel accepts itsuse in the sentence We are anxious to see the new show of contemporarysculpture at the museum Also it suggests that the use of anxious to mean eager
may be mild hyperbole as the use of dying in the sentence Im dying to see your new baby[31] RH states bluntly that its use in the sense of eageris fullystandard[32] M-W defines anxious as 3 ardently or earnestly wishing ltanxiousto learn moregt synonym see EAGER[33] Chambers gives 3 very eager bullanxious to do well[34]
[edit] B
bull barbaric and barbarous mdash Barbaric applies to the culture of barbarians and may be positive (barbaric splendor) barbarous applies to the behavior of barbariansand is negative (barbarous cruelty) This is standard English usage HoweverM-W equates the third meaning of barbaric with the third of barbarous thatis mercilessly harsh or cruel[35] COD11 and Chambers list savagely cruel andcruel and brutal excessively harsh or vicious[36] respectively as the first
meanings for barbaric Only AHD4 disallows this usage and without comment[37]
o Undisputed The environment of the venue was barbaric
o Undisputed Terrorism is barbarous
o Disputed Capital punishment is a disgusting barbaric measure
bull begging the question In logic begging the question is another term for petitio
principii or arguing in a circle in other words making assumptions in advanceabout the very issue in dispute Now often used to mean simply leading to thequestion
o Undisputed You argue that Christianity must be true because the Bible
says so Isnt that begging the question
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o Disputed You want to go to the theatre That begs the question which day
we should go
bull but ndash Some prescriptivists argue that if and should not be used to begin sentencesthen neither should but These words are both conjunctions thus they believe that
they should be used only to link clauses within a sentence AHD4 states that itmay be used to begin a sentence at all levels of style [38]
[edit] C
bull can and may ndash Some prescriptivists argue that can refers to possibility and may
refers to permission and insist on maintaining this distinction although usage of can to refer to permission is pervasive in spoken and very frequent in writtenEnglish M-W notes Can and may are most frequently interchangeable in sensesdenoting possibility because the possibility of ones doing something may (or can) depend on anothers acquiescence they have also become interchangeable in
the sense denoting permission The use of can to ask or grant permission has beencommon since the 19th century and is well established although somecommentators feel may is more appropriate in formal contexts May is relativelyrare in negative constructions (maynt is not common) cannot and cant are usualin such contexts[39] AHD4 echoes this sentiment of formality noting that only21 of the Usage Panel accepted can in the example Can I take another week tosubmit the application[40] For its part OED labels the use of can for may ascolloquial[41]
bull comprise ndash Comprise means to consist of A second meaning to compose or constitute is sometimes attacked by usage writers However it is supported as
sense 3 along with a usage note in M-W[42] and although AHD4 notes the usageas a usage problem its usage note says Our surveys show that opposition tothis usage is abating In the 1960s 53 percent of the Usage Panel found this usageunacceptable in 1996 only 35 percent objected[43]
o Undisputed usage The English Wikipedia comprises more than two
million articleso Disputed usage The English Wikipedia comprises of more than two
million articleso Disputed usage The English Wikipedia is comprised of more than two
million articleso Disputed usage More than two million articles comprise the English
Wikipediao Disputed usage Diatoms comprise more than 70 of all phytoplankton
o Undisputed usage Diatoms constitute more than 70 of all
phytoplanktono Disputed usage Those in the industry have mostly scoffed at the young
inexperienced Carter and the rest of the high school pals that comprise thecompany[44]
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Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] D
bull deprecate ndash The original meaning in English is deplore or express disapproval
of (the Latin from which the word derives means pray to avert evil suggestingthat some event would be a calamity) The word is now also used to mean playdown belittle or devalue a shift that some prescriptivists disapprove of as itsuggests the word is being confused with the similar word depreciate in factAHD4 states that in this sense deprecate has almost completely supplanteddepreciate however a majority of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved thissense[45] Its use with the approximate meaning to declare obsolete in computer jargon is also sometimes condemned
bull diagnose ndash Cochrane (2004) states that to diagnose [someone] with a disease isan incorrect usage of the verb diagnose which takes the physician as subject and
a disease as object (eg to diagnose cancer) In American English according toAHD4[46] and M-W[47] the sense of diagnose [someone] with a disease is listedwithout comment or tag however for its part RH does not list such a usage withor without comment For British English COD11 offers identify the medicalcondition of (someone) she was diagnosed as having epilepsy (2004) this usagehowever did not appear in editions as recently as the 1990s Chambers does notoffer this sense at all[48]
o Disputed usage Mr Smith was diagnosed with diabetes
o Undisputed usage The doctor diagnosed diabetes
bull different ndash Standard usage in both Britain and America is different from (on the
analogy of to differ from) In Britain this competes with different to (coinedon the analogy of similar to) In America it competes with different than(coined on the analogy of other than) Different to is also found in IrishAustralian and New Zealand English
o Undisputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different
from the Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different to the
Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different than
the British
bull disinterested ndash Standard usage is as a word for unbiased but some have alsorendered it synonymous with uninterested or apathetic
o Undisputed usage As their mutual best friend I tried to remain
disinterested in their argument so as not to anger eithero Disputed usage The key to attracting a member of the opposite sex is to
balance between giving attention to him or her and appearingdisinterested
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bull due to ndash The adjectival use of due to is undisputed Its adverbial use howeverhas been a subject of dispute for many years as witnessed by several (especiallyUS) dictionary usage notes that in the end designate it as standard WilliamStrunk in his Elements of style labelled the disputed adverbial use of due to asincorrect [49] Although the first (1926) edition of FOWLER condemned the
adverbial use as common only among the illiterate the third (1996) editionsaid Opinion remains sharply divided but it begins to look as if this use of due
to will form part of the natural language of the 21C as one more example of aforgotten battle Due to is frequently used in place of from for with of because
of and other prepositions Undisputed synonyms for due to are caused by andattributable to
o Disputed usage He died due to cancer (He died of cancer)
o Disputed usage Due to the end of the Second War circumstances altered
profoundly (With the end of the Second War circumstances altered profoundly)
o Disputed usage The project failed due to lack of funds (The project
failed for lack of funds) o Undisputed usage His death was due to cancer
o Undisputed usage Many thought the problem was due to mismanagement
[edit] E
bull enormity ndash Frequently used as a synonym for enormousness or immensity but traditionally means extreme wickedness According to AHD4 thisdistinction has not always occurred historically but is now supported by 59 of the dictionarys Usage Panel[50] COD11 states that enormity as a synonym for hugeness is now broadly accepted as standard English Although Chambers lists
immenseness or vastness as a meaning it says it should not be used in thatsense commenting that it is encountered often because the word enormousness isawkward it recommends using instead another word such as hugeness greatness etc[51]
o Disputed usage The enormity of the elephant astounded me
o Traditional usage The enormity of Stalins purges astounds me
[edit] F
bull farther and further ndash Many prescriptivists adhere to the rule that farther only
should refer to matters of physical distance or position while further should bereserved for usages involving time or degree (as well as undisputed descriptionsof moreover and in addition)
o Disputed usage San Jose is further from LA than Santa Barbara
o Disputed usage LA was a couple hours farther from home than I
expectedo Disputed usage If her fever increases any farther I will call the doctor
o Undisputed usage I would like to discuss the issue further at a later time
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bull fortuitously ndash Used by some interchangeably with fortunately strictly speaking fortuitousness is a reference to an occurrence depending on chance M-W notesthat use of the word in sense of fortunate has been in standard use for at least 70years and notes that the sense of coming or happening by a lucky chance isvirtually unnoticed by usage critics[52][clarification needed ]
[edit] G
bull gender ndash Gender is often used interchangeably with sex in the sense of the biological or social quality male and female It is never used to refer to sexualintercourse
o Gender traditionally refers to grammatical gender a feature in the
grammar of a number of different languages Some prescriptivists arguethat its use as a euphemism for sex is to be avoided as a genteelismFowler (p 211) says it is used either as a jocularityor a blunder
o Sex and gender can be used in different but related senses with sex
referring to biological characteristics and gender to social roles andexpectations based on sex Use of gender as interchangeable with or as areplacement for sex may confuse readers who draw this distinction See
gender identity gender role
[edit] H
bull hoi polloi ndash The question surrounding hoi polloi is whether it is appropriate to usethe article the preceding the phrase it arises because hoi is the Greek word for the in the phrase and classical purists complain that adding the makes the phrase
redundant the the common people Foreign phrases borrowed into English areoften reanalyzed as single grammatical units requiring an English article inappropriate contexts AHD4 says The Arabic element al- means the andappears in English nouns such as alcohol and alchemy Thus since no one wouldconsider a phrase such as the alcohol to be redundant criticizing the hoi polloi onsimilar grounds seems pedantic[53]
bull hopefully ndash Some prescriptivists argue this word should not be used as anexpression of confidence in an outcome however M-W classes hopefully withother words such as interestingly frankly and unfortunately (which areunremarkably used in a similar way) as disjuncts and describes this usage as
entirely standard
[54]
AHD4 however notes that opposition to this usage by their usage panels has grown from 56 to 73 despite support for similar disjuncts(such as 60 support for the use of mercifully in Mercifully the game ended before the opponents could add another touchdown to the lopsided score) AHD4opines that this opposition is not to the use of these adverbs in general but thatthis use of hopefully has become a shibboleth[55] OED lists this usage withoutany colloquial or other label other than to say Avoided by many writers[56]
See also the discussion of hopefully as a dangling modifier One investigation in
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modern corpora on Language Log revealed that outside fiction where it stillrepresents 40 of all uses (the other qualifying primarily speech and gazes)disjunct uses account for the vast majority (over 90) of all uses of the word[57]
o Disputed usage Hopefully Ill get that scholarship
o Undisputed usage The prisoner thought hopefully about the prospect for
escape when he realized the guards accidentally left his cell unlocked
Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] L
bull less ndash Some prescriptivists argue that less should not be substituted for fewer Merriam-Webster notes The traditional view is that less applies to matters of degree value or amount and modifies collective nouns mass nouns or nounsdenoting an abstract whole while fewer applies to matters of number and modifies plural nouns Less has been used to modify plural nouns since the days of King
Alfred and the usage though roundly decried appears to be increasing Less ismore likely than fewer to modify plural nouns when distances sums of moneyand a few fixed phrases are involved ltless than 100 milesgt ltan investment of less
than $2000gt ltin 25 words or lessgt and as likely as fewer to modify periods of time ltin less (or fewer ) than four hoursgt[58]
o Disputed usage This lane 12 items or less
o Undisputed usage We had fewer players on the team this season
o Undisputed usage There is less water in the tank now
bull like and as ndash Some prescriptivists object to the use of like as a conjunction statingit is rather a preposition and that only as would be appropriate in this
circumstance M-W however cites likes use as a conjunction as standard sincethe 14th century and opines that opposition to it is perhaps more heated thanrational (see M-Ws entry like [7 conjunction]) AHD4 says Writers sinceChaucers time have used like as a conjunction but 19th-century and 20th-centurycritics have been so vehement in their condemnations of this usage that a writer who uses the construction in formal style risks being accused of illiteracy or worse and recommends using as in formal speech and writing[59] OED does nottag it as colloquial or nonstandard but notes Used as conj[unction] = like asas Now generally condemned as vulgar or slovenly though examples may befound in many recent writers of standing[60] Chambers lists the conjunctive useas colloquial[61]
o Undisputed usage He is an American as am Io Undisputed usage He is an American like me
o Undisputed usage It looks as if this play will be a flop
o Undisputed usage This play looks like a flop
o Disputed usage He is an American like I am
o Disputed usage It looks like this play will be a flop
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bull literally ndash Some prescriptivists argue literally should not be used as a mereemphatic unless the thing to which it refers is actually true It is used todisambiguate a possible metaphorical interpretation of a phrase M-W does notcondemn the second use which means in effect or virtually but says the useis pure hyperbole intended to gain emphasis but it often appears in contexts
where no additional emphasis is necessary[62]
o Disputed usage The party literally went with a bang (No it did not
unless there was an actual loud noise)o Undisputed usage I literally ran more than 25 miles today I ran a
marathon
bull loan ndash The use of loan as a verb meaning to give out a loan is disputed withlend being preferred for the verb form AHD4 flatly states [t]he verb loan is wellestablished in American usage and cannot be considered incorrect[63] M-W statesloan is entirely standard as a verb[64] RH says Sometimes mistakenlyidentified as an Americanism loan as a verb meaning to lend has been used in
English for nearly 800 years it further states that objections to this use arecomparatively recent[65] Chambers defines the verb loan as to lend (especiallymoney)[66] OED merely states Now chiefly US[67] and COD11 includes themeaning without tag or comment
o Undisputed usage I lent him some money
o Undisputed usage Fill out the paperwork for a loan
o Disputed usage I loaned him some money
[edit] M
bull may and might ndash May should only be used where the event in question is still
possible not for something that was possible in the past or for a hypothetical present possibility Might is properly the past tense form of may (In similar fashion could should and would are all past tense forms for can shalland will respectively)
o Undisputed usage My brother may have gone to China last week
( perhaps he did )o Disputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother may have gone
to China last week (but he didnt )o Undisputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother might have
gone to China last weeko Disputed usage He thought it may be true (but it wasnt )
o Undisputed usage He thought it might be true
bull meet ndash Some prescriptivists state that as a transitive verb in the context to cometogether by chance or arrangement meet (as in meet (someone)) does not requirea preposition between verb and object the phrase meet with (someone) is deemedincorrect Chambers flags this usage US[68] RH allows it in the sense of to joinas for conference or instruction I met with her an hour a day until we solved the problem[69] On the other hand none of M-W AHD4 or COD11 entertains this
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usage NOTE In the sense of fulfilling prerequisites or criteria (We met with theentry requirements) or that of encountering (Our suggestions may meet with
opposition the soldiers met with machine-gun fire) the verb phrase meet with isnot in dispute
o Disputed usage I will meet with you tonight
o
Undisputed usage I will meet you tonight
bull momentarily ndash Traditionally momentarily means for a moment but its use tomean in a moment is sometimes disputed M-W[70] and RH[71] give this latter usage a standard entry without comment while OED[72] and Chambers[73] tag itNAmer AHD4 has a usage note indicating that 59 of their Usage Paneldeems this usage unacceptable[74]
o Disputed usage Your feature presentation will begin momentarily
o Undisputed usage The flash from the atom bomb momentarily lit up the
night sky
[edit] N
bull nauseous ndash Traditionally nauseous means causing nausea (synonymous withnauseating) it is commonly used now as a synonym for queasy that ishaving the feeling of nausea AHD4 notes the traditional view stating that 72 of the Usage Panel preferred nauseated over nauseous to mean affected withnausea however 88 of that same panel preferred nauseating to nauseous tomean causing nausea in other words a maximum of only 28 prefersnauseous in either case It also states that in common usage nauseous issynonymous with nauseated but deems this usage incorrect[75] M-W howeverasserts that [t]hose who insist that nauseous is an error for nauseated are
mistaken[76] Both M-W and AHD4 accept that nauseous is supplantingnauseated for feeling nausea and in turn being replaced by nauseating for causing nausea in general usage they only differ on the correctness of thechange RH states The two literal senses of nauseous [] appear in English atalmost the same time in the early 17th century and both senses are in standard useat the present time Nauseous is more common than nauseated in the senseaffected with nausea despite recent objections by those who imagine the sense to be new[77] CHAMBERS lists the sense of causing nausea first and affected withnausea second[78] while COD11 gives the affliction first and causation second both dictionaries list the entries without comment OED goes further tagging itsnauseated usage as Orig[inally] US but demoted its nauseating usage to
literary OED also notes that the original (now obsolete) sense of the word inEnglish was inclined to sickness or nausea squeamish[79] Curiously this oldestseventeenth-century meaning (inclined to nausea) while distinct from thedisputed twentieth-century usage (afflicted by nausea) more closely resemblesthe latter than it does the prescribed meaning (causing nausea)
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseous
o Disputed usage That smell is making me nauseous
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseating
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882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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future tense (The supervisor will be back presently)[80] M-W mentions the samevintage for the sense of now and that it is not clear why it is objectionable[81]
AHD4 states that despite its use nowadays in literate speech and writing thatthere is still lingering prejudice against this use In the late 1980s only 50 of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved of the sentence General Walters is hellip
presently the United States Ambassador to the United Nations[82]
COD11 lists both usages without comment CHAMBERS merely flags the sense of now asN Amer especially US[83]
o Disputed usage I am presently reading Wikipedia
o Undisputed usage I will be finished with that activity presently
[edit] R
bull refute ndash The traditional meaning of refute is disprove or dispel with reasoned
arguments It is now often used as a synonym for deny The latter sense islisted without comment by M-W[84] and AHD4[85] while CHAMBERS tags it ascolloquial[86] COD11 states that Traditionalists object to [the use of refute asdeny] but it is now widely accepted in standard English However RH does notmention this use at all[87]
bull relatively ndash Literally meaning compared to some now use relatively to meanmoderately or somewhat AHD4 does not list this usage at all [88] M-W hasapparently blended the two usages in one[89]
o Disputed usage That man was relatively annoying
o Undisputed usage Though relatively harmless when compared to
dimethylmercury mercury (II) oxide is still quite toxic
[edit] S
bull Scotch Scots and Scottish ndash Formerly English people used Scotch whereScottish people used Scottish The current convention is as follows
o Scottish for people
o Scotch for things (especially whisky)
o Scots for institutions (Scots law Scots language)
bull
seek ndash This means look for but is used to mean try or want This usage iscriticised by Fowler in the entry Formal Words
o Disputed usage we did seek to resolve the Iraq crisis by peaceful
means those who seek to emulate his legacy of murder the Liberalsseek to undermine that future[attribution needed ]
o Undisputed usage Seek and ye shall find
[edit] T
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull than mdash Than is the subject of a longstanding dispute as to its status as a preposition or conjunction see than For the disputed construction different thansee Different
bull they mdash Prescriptivists regard this as a plural pronoun that uses a third person
plural verb conjugation (see below they show) but the word is now commonlyused especially in speech and informal writing as a non-gender-specific third- person singular pronoun (which modern English otherwise lacks) Alternativesinclude he or she and generic he Some writers argue that generic he isgeneric (as the name implies) and thus includes both sexes Others find it sexist or too old-fashioned The pronouns you or one can be used in some sentences
o Disputed usage A person is rude if they show no respect for their hosts
o Undisputed usage One is rude if one shows no respect for ones hosts
o Undisputed usage It is rude not to show respect for hosts
o Undisputed usage Many people have told me that they are satisfied with
their food
bull thusly mdash Thusly (AHD4 suggests) was originally coined by educated writers tomake fun of uneducated persons trying to sound genteel[90] Thusly howeverdiffused into popular usage Some people accept it as an adverb in its own rightwhile others believe thus should be used in all cases The word thusly appearswith no associated usage notes in M-W[91] COD11 tags it as informal with theentry thus tagged as literary or formal CHAMBERS does not list the word atall and it is unknown in British usage[92]
[edit] U
bull unique ndash Some prescriptivists argue that unique only means sole or unequaled (British spelling unequalled) but most dictionaries give a thirdmeaning unusual which can be qualified by very or somewhat as in Thetheme of the party was somewhat unique see comparison Almost unique isuniversally acceptable[citation needed ]
[edit] W
bull
whilst and while mdash Penguin Working Words recommends while only and notesthat whilst is old-fashioned Cambridge Guide to English Usage and M-WsWebsters Guide to English Usage comment on its regional character and notethat it is rare in American usage It is thus safer to use only while in internationalEnglish (See the article While for further sources deprecating the use of whilst and cautioning about uses of while)
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bull who mdash Some prescriptivists argue that who should be used only as a subject pronoun the corresponding object pronoun being whom Strictly speakingusing who instead of whom is substituting a subjective pronoun for an objective pronoun and hence is the same as using she instead of her (eg I talked to she
today) Most people never use whom in spoken English and instead use who for
all cases Those who use whom in everyday speech may recognize substitution of who as substandard FOWLER has an extensive entry on who and whom
including several quotes from major publications where whom is used incorrectlyo Undisputed usage You are talking to whom
o Disputed usage You are talking to who
o Undisputed usage To whom are you talking
o Disputed usage To who are you talking
o Disputed usage far more hostile to Diana whom she believes betrayed
the Prince of WalesmdashIndependent Mag 1993 (FOWLER)o Undisputed usage far more hostile to Diana who she believes betrayed
the Prince of Wales
o Disputed usage Whom do men say that I am (Mark 927 King JamesVersion)
bull whoever mdash This extension of who (see above) along with its object formwhomever is attended by the same uncertainties as who along with whom and isdiscussed in the same sources (See the relevant section at Who)
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever wants it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever you think should have it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whomever you choose to give it
o Disputed usage Give it to whoever you choose to give it to
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever wants it
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever you think should have it
Module - Pair work - Asking questions to yourpartner
Hey
with Group 2 we first talked a little about food at the beginning of the class as awarm up And here is what we said
to be written by Franc
Then today was the first day that we worked in pairs You had to find informationabout superhero characters asking questions to your partner
Here are the two worksheets if you still need to complete them
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW you need to be able to speak about the picture of a super hero + speak about
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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their story + give the common points between all the super heroes presented Yourpresentation will last about 3 to 5 minutes You can send me some drafts (brouillon)if neededBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - Tale LV2
Southern Trees - beginning of the study
Hey
today we first warmed up about your future jobs while waiting for those who werelate Here is what you said
I would like to become an architect when I leave highschool (Selma)I want to study law to be a lawyer maybe ( Jeacuterocircme)
Structures WANT TO WOULD LIKE TO -- Attention aux noms de meacutetiers quisont preacuteceacutedeacutes de larticle aan
Then we did a quick recap about what Jim Crow laws used to be Here is what wesaid
bull Jim Crow Laws
These were laws about racial segregation until the end of the 1960sBlacks were not allowed to go to school with Whites
Blacks were not allowed to attend school with WhitesBlacks were forbidden to live together there were separate water
fountains rest rooms or entrances at restaurantsThey were prohibited to sit at the front of a bus
bull KKK(1865-)
white Protestantssupremacy of the white race
white costumesterrorism and violence to oppress Blacks
Finally we listened to the text and we started our general comprehesion by
highlighting the important information about the type of document the places thetime Here is what we wrote
bull Text Southern Trees
- type of doc extract from the autobiographic novel of Billie Holliday- who Billie Holliday Lewis Allen piano player of Billie Pop audience bitch
- where in New-York at Cafe Society on 52nd Street Miami Los Angeles
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- when published in 1956
HW you need to finish answering the usual wh- questions about the text (inparticular about the feelings of the characters involved) You also need to divide thetext into 2 parts give them a title and justify your titles
NB you will have a vocabulary test next week with the words from the lesson andthe words from the tool box p 53 You may also have a test about the text andabout racial discrimination in the US on Wednesday It will depend on how far we areinto the study of the document Southern TreesBy English Prof
Enter comment - View comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Spiderman - Page 3
This morning with the whole class we first warmed up with why I was a little late inclass Here is what we wrote
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
Then we studied the last page from Spiderman
There was a secretary for each person that spoke about a panel Here are the notesthat we took while they were speaking
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
HW you will be able to speak about the document at the beginning of the class in arow (dun seul trait )You can download the last page here
By English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Oral tests about picture presentation + Lastsuperhero activity in pair work
Hey
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today in module I asked you to speak about the picture p 152 that you had tocomment You need to improve your analysis Ill be asking other students next timeagain
Here is an example of presentation Its not perfect but its a rather good one
The document is a picture where there are two parts In the first part wecan see a white family at the bottom who is sitting in a garden They looksurprised and they are looking at the second family who feels happy and
impressed Contrary to the white family they are standing and clad with
their traditional dress Its a black family
To me the scene takes place in the USA and the goal of this picture is todenounce discrimination which treats people differently in society
The photographer aims at criticizing segregation In this photo theseparation is represented by the fence which is separating Africans from
Americans Segregation in the 20th century in America was when the Blacksand the Whites couldnt blend
To my mind this picture is a good representation of discrimination MartinLuther King and Rosa Park are the symbols of this conflict When I see somepeople wanted to change society and make people aware of these
inequalities through paintings photos speeches or parades Im grateful tothem
The picture attains its objective I like this photo because it denounces very
well the implicit problems of American society in the 20th century(by Rochella D)
Group 2 then we started a new activity about grammar on how to differentiatebetween Present Simple and Present Be + ing
You may download the documents hereyet to be uploaded
Group 1 Then we started a new activity that was initially designed by MissFernandes a colleague in the academy of Caen We first described the pictures of the superheroes
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW You need to finish the description of each picture and prepare the questions toask to your partner about the missing elements in your worksheetBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareMonday 16 november 2009
- Posted in For Fun
The Prisoner - New Series - Trailer
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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A new American series that you will probably LOVE Here is the trailer Looks andsounds fantastic
Exprimer le conseil en anglais
Today after taking a test on Body beauty and body parts (phonetics included) wespoke about superstitions on Friday the 13th And we discovered that Jonathansgrand-ma was extremely supersticious and that some of you believed in supernaturalthings too like Juliette who thinks her mother can read her mind or Camille RL whois sure what she says sometimes comes true Beware of the other Camille T whohas got a black cat She is certainly a witch and she may transform us all intopiglets Just kidding of course )
Here is what we said about superstitions
Today is a special day
On Friday the 13th people who are superstitious believe something terribly
bad or something awesome will happen to them
Examples of supertisions- you shouldnt be 13 around a table
- you shouldnt walk under a ladder- you shouldnt meet a black cat
- you shouldnt break a mirror- you shouldnt celebrate a birthday before
- you should wear a rabbit leg- you shouldnt walk on a line in the street
- you shouldnt cross your legs- you should touch wood when you say something bad
- you shouldnt put hats or shoes on a bed- you shouldnt open your umbrella inside
- you shouldnt put the bread upside down
Remember to express advice there are 3 very simple structures
bull should shouldnt + V
bull had better had better not + V bull ought to ought not to + V
Chocircmage unemployment
Embaucher to hire
bull by + V+ ing au moyen de en + V+ ingbull to + V pour + V (le but)
leisure loisirshigh ndash loweacuteleveacute ndash bas
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ecirctre oblige de to have to + Vto lead to entraicircnerhuge immense= The work-week la semaine de travailIn France the 35 hours-work week was decided and implemented in the 1990rsquos by asocialist government ( Mrs Aubry)
Exercice de traduction 1) Les employeacutes doivent faire des heures suppleacutementairesEmployees must do long hoursEmployees have to do long hours2) Il y a de nombreuses faccedilons de trouver du travailThere are a lot of ways to find work3) Lrsquoimmense augmentation des reacuteseaux sociaux permettent aux gens decommuniquer drsquoavantageThe huge increase of social networks enables people to communicate more4) Le travail suppleacutementaire entraicircne des problegravemes de santeacute pour les hommessurmeneacutes
bull Homebull Mail
bull Photos
bull Music
bull Games + Apps
bull More
o SMS Groups
o Sawaal
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o Free SMS
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thornyuml
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I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i mDoing for Improve my english give me your best idea
Asked in Exams Education amp References at 1200 PM on October 09 2008
Tags english idea
This question is closedReport abuse
ntn jainProfile | QampA
Rate this 00
bull Latest Answers(4)
Sort by Latest | Oldest | Top-rated
English is best improved by practice and also by taking a small course to improve grammar and communication skillsThe key to practice is to read newspapers magazines and books almost regularly You can also start talking andexpressing yourself in English with your peers friends and (if possible) relatives
Writing in English is a good habit that will strengthen your expression skills as well In case you complete this all-round approach I am sure you will do well All the best
Answered by Idle Mind an ibibo Master at 409 PM on October 13 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Idle MindProfile | QampA
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you can
Answered by Rachana an ibibo Citizen at 106 PM on October 11 2008
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RachanaProfile | QampA
well ntn
its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming
future n ways ntn some tips from my side that will help yu improve yu ur english are
i Observe the mouth movements of those who speak English well and try to imitate them
When you are watching television observe the mouth movements of the speakers Repeat what they are saying whileimitating the intonation and rhythm of their speech
ii Until you learn the correct intonation and rhythm of English slow your speech down
If you speak too quickly and with the wrong intonation and rhythm native speakers will have a hard timeunderstanding you
Dont worry about your listener getting impatient with your slow speech -- it is more important that everything you say be understood
iii Listen to the music of English
Do not use the music of your native language when you speak English Each language has its own way of singing
iv Use the dictionary
Try and familiarise yourself with the phonetic symbols of your dictionary Look up the correct pronunciation of wordsthat are hard for you to say
v Make a list of frequently used words that you find difficult to pronounce and ask someone who speaks the languagewell to pronounce them for you
Record these words listen to them and practice saying them Listen and read at the same time
vi Buy books on tape
Record yourself reading some sections of the book Compare the sound of your English with that of the person readingthe book on the tape
vii Pronounce the ending of each word
Pay special attention to S and ED endings This will help you strengthen the mouth muscles that you use when youspeak English
viii Read aloud in English for 15-20 minutes every day
Research has shown it takes about three months of daily practice to develop strong mouth muscles for speaking a newlanguage
ix Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation mistakes
Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice and avoid listening to themselves speak However this is a veryimportant exercise because doing it will help you become conscious of the mistakes you are making
x Be patient
You can change the way you speak but it wont happen overnight People often expect instant results and give up toosoon You can change the way you sound if you are willing to put some effort into it
GOOD LUCK
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Answered by Anant-- an ibibo Master at 133 PM on October 09 2008
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Anant--Profile | QampA
BEST WAY ACCORDING TO ME IS READ DAILY ENGLISH NEWSPAPER IF U COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY ONE OXFORD DICTIONARY AND REFER MEANINGS AND IFU COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY MEANINGS CONVERSION OF ENGLISH TO UR MOTHER TONGUE THIS MAY TAKESOME TIME THERE WILL BE SOME IMPROVEMENT IN JUST 1 MONTH BETTER READ HINDU OR TIMES OF INDIAALL THE BEST
Answered by gyaneshwar an ibibo Citizen at 1258 PM on October 09 2008
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Related Search
Meri english bahot hi weak haimain apni english kaise strong kar sakta hoonkis tarah fluentlyenglish bol sakta hoon
dearthe simple way to improve you english is to particehave you ever heard of the saying Parctise makes a man perfect so even when you you commit mistake try to learn from the mistake and rectify themand simple start askingquestion to people in Englishand if you want yo learn english donot fell embrace in the front of anyone and alsotry to read TIMES OF INDIAN
Posted in Self Development by naqeeb ahmar at 758 PM on March 17 2008Tags meri english bahot weak apni kaise strong sakta tarah fluently hoon
how to improve english plese tell me
to compose simple sentences in your mind when you are alone Stick on the idea you want to convey rather than thegrammar Speak to the native English speakers if possible Chatt with those in internet SearchI dont know the level of your english if you have basics the fun way of learning are english comics cartoon network in english or any english
movies comics will help you in speaking good english
Posted in Love amp Romance by Shiva Singh at 1015 PM on September 24 2008Tags improve english plese
How can i improve my Enlish speaking and writing both
their meanings and use them in your convesationListen to english newsFor writing read the books on letters essaysand storiesslowly you will get the idea of using english in your convenienceFinally findDear Ashok It is good you
thornyuml
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want to improve your English First and foremost thing you need is YOU All you need to do is give quality time notthe quantity Do make a conscious effort and smart work
Posted in Self Development by ashok sharma at 626 AM on October 14 2008Tags improve enlish writing
how to use GPRS in china made mob prince A960
here most of gprs settings for most of mobile service operator India to enter in your phone mannulay Here you havemanual gprs settings for vodafone hutch idea airtel bsnl airtel live airtel mobile you can enter in your phone andconfigure mannuallyManual Idea gprs Settings1 Account Name - ideaGPRS2 Username - leave Blank3 Password -leave Blank4 Homepage - httpwapideafreshcom5
Posted in Computers amp Technology by vivek soni at 145 AM on June 13 2008Tags gprs help china mad mob
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i m Doing for Improve my englishgive me your best idea
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the
pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you canwell ntn its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming future n ways ntn some tips from my sidethat will help yu improve yu ur english are i Observe
Posted in Exams Education amp References by ntn jain at 939 PM on October 13 2008Tags want improve english improve best
what is html
they want Text is what you will use English letters just like you use everyday Markup is what you will do You willwrite in plain English and then mark up what you wrote Language Some may argue that technically html is a code
but you write html in plain everyday English languageHi RockyHTML is the code behind your webpage and is whatyour browser looks for to display a webpage the way the webdesigner
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Rocky at 258 PM on May 07 2008Tags html
how I improve my english speech
and be confidentYOU CAN DOWNLOAD A LOT OF SOFTWARES FROM INTERNET IT REALLY HELPSAND ANOTHER IDEA IS TO WATCH ENGLISH CHANNELS LIKE METRO NATION NDTV GOOD TIMESAND DONT FORGET TO WATCH NDTV DISCUSSIONSget to c more english movie join times classes on english
they improvise a lotEnglish can be improved by reading booksnewspaper by discussionsThese are certain tips toimprove english
Posted in Counselling by sagar gawde at 803 PM on February 14 2008Tags improve english speech
What is the best way to enhance skills in English Which is most best website which can help tolearn English from basic to a very high class
will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin thinking in English Listening to Native Speakers as Much asPossible is the good idea to enhance your English language skills Here are someFirst of all be motivated become a
person who likes to learn English Using as many different sources methods and tools as possible will allow you tolearn faster There are many different ways
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Posted in Self Development by RAVINDRA at 644 PM on October 03 2008Tags best enhance skills website help learn english basic high
Who created the first mouse
to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThe first marketed integrated mouseshipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came from the resemblance of earlymodels which had a cord attached to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThefirst marketed integrated mouse shipped as a part
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Aryan Gusain at 212 PM on July 02 2008Tags created first mouse
Do you have any idea for FRANKLYN INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGE Its a spoken English Institutewhich gives Job Guarantee if anyone knows plz let me know
190A Maniktolla Main Road Kolkata-54 phone no 91-33-32401558 91-33-32428200 frankylnkkghotmailcomhi poonamur question gives an idea dat ur command on english is nt poor why u r lookingYou have heard rightFRANKLYN offers spoken english courses and there is also a lot of students pursuing courses there
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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o Standard He continually flouted the speed limit
o Non-standard If you have it flout it
o Non-standard He continually flaunted the speed limit
bull hay and straw Hay is a grassy plant used as animal fodder Straw is the dry stalk
of a cereal plant (eg barley oats rice rye) after the grain or seed has beenremoved it is used to line an animals stall or for insulation
bull hang To hang something or someone in the present tense one uses the sameform In the past however pictures are hung and criminals are hanged
bull hangar and hanger The aeroplane is in the hangar the coat is on the hanger
bull historic and historical In strict usage historic describes an event of importance mdashone that shaped history or is likely to do so Historical merely describessomething that happened in the past
o Standard The president made a(n) historic announcement (Theannouncement was of historical importance)
o Non-standard The office kept an archive of historic records (The records
are not necessarily of historical importancemdashthey are simply records fromthe past)
bull hoard and horde A hoard is a store or accumulation of things A horde is a largegroup of people
o Standard A horde of shoppers lined up to be the first to buy the new
gizmoo Standard He has a hoard of discontinued rare cards
o Non-standard Do not horde the candy share ito Non-standard The hoard charged when the horns sounded
[edit] I to J
bull imply and infer Something is implied if it is a suggestion intended by the personspeaking whereas a conclusion is inferred if it is reached by the person listening
o Standard When Tony told me he had no money he was implying that I
should give him someo Standard When Tony told me he had no money I inferred that I should
give him some
o Non-standard When Tony told me he had no money he was inferring thatI should give him some
bull inherent and inherit A part inherent in X is logically inseparable from X Toinherit is a verb meaning pass down a generation
o Standard Risk is inherent in the stock market
o Standard The next president inherits a legacy of mistrust and fear
o Non-standard There is violence inherit in the system
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bull its and its Its is a contraction that replaces it is or it has (see apostrophe) Its isthe possessive determiner corresponding to it meaning belonging to it
o Standard Its time to eat (it is time)
o Standard Its been nice getting to meet you (it has been)
o Standard My cell phone has poor reception because its antenna is broken
o Non-standard Its good to be the kingo Non-standard The bicycle tire had lost all of its pressure
bull irony Something is ironic if it is the opposite of what is appropriate expected or fitting
o Standard It is ironic that the center for the handicapped has no wheelchair
rampo Standard It is ironic that Alanis Morissette wrote a song called Ironic
with many examples not one of which is actually ironico Non-standard It is ironic that George W Bush is right-handed and
Republican while Bill Clinton is left-handed and Democratic
o Non-standard It is raining on our wedding day Is it not ironic
bull isle and aisle An isle is an island An aisle is corridor through which one may pass from one place to another
o Standard He came from a small isle in the Caribbean
o Standard The coffee is down the third aisle on the left
[edit] K to L
bull lay (lay laid laid laying ) and lie (lie lay lain lying ) are often usedsynonymously Lay is a transitive verb meaning that it takes an object To lay
something means to place something Lie on the other hand is intransitive andmeans to recline (and also to tell untruths but in this case the verb is regular andcauses no confusion) The distinction between these related verbs is further blurred by the fact that past tense of lie is lay An easy rule of thumb is to replacethe words with sit and set If sit makes sense (eg sit down) then lie should beused (lie down) If the sentence works with set (eg set the book on the table) thenlay should be used (lay the book on the table) To lie can also mean to not tell thetruth - but in that case the past tense is lied A layoff is never a lieoff or lyoff
o Standard I lay my husbands work clothes out for him every morning
Yesterday I decided to see if he paid attention to what I was doing so Ilaid out one white sock and one black He did not notice
o Standard You should not lie down right after eating a large mealYesterday I lay on my bed for half an hour after dinner and sufferedindigestion as a result My wife saw me lying there and made me get upshe told me that if I had waited for a couple of hours I could have laindown in perfect comfort
o Standard You lied to me there is no hidden chamber
o Non-standard Is this bed comfortable when you lay on it (Should be lie)
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o Non-standard Yesterday I lied down in my office during the lunch hour
(Should be lay)o Non-standard There was no reason for him to have laid down in the
middle of the path it unnerved me to see him laying there saying nothing(Should be have lain down and him lying there)
o Non-standard Lie the baby down and change his diaper (Should be layas lie is intransitive)
o Non-standard It could be easy for those guys to lay down After I left
they could have just laid down[3] o Non-standard I am going to lay out in the sun and work on my tan
(Should be lie In general the term lay out when referring to sunbathing isalways non-standard usage)
o Non-standard Sorry I lay about our appointment yesterday (Should be
lied )o Non-standard You should not lay down right after eating a large meal
Yesterday I lied on my bed for half an hour after dinner and suffered
indigestion as a result My wife saw me laying there and made me get upshe told me that if I had waited for a couple of hours I could have lied
down in perfect comfort (Should be lie lay lying and lain)
bull levee and levy A levee is a structure built along a river to raise the height of its banks thereby preventing nearby land from flooding (see dike) To levy is toimpose (1) a tax fine or other assessment or (2) a military draft as a noun a levy
is an assessment or army thus gathered The two words share a common root butthey are not considered interchangeable in Standard English Because they arehomophones misuse is usually only apparent when observed in writing
o Standard The Netherlands is well known for its elaborate system of
leveeso Standard This statute allows the state to levy a 3 tax
o Non-standard Recent storms have weakened the levy
bull literally[4] A term used to emphasize that a statement is not metaphoricalfigurative or hyperbolic It is also commonly misused as an intensifier for metaphorical figurative or hyperbolic statements
o Standard The mayor is literally a convicted felon
o Non-standard The mayor is literally robbing us blind with this new tax
bull loathe and loath or loth Loathe is a verb meaning to strongly dislike and loath
or loth means unwilling or reluctanto Standard I loathe arrogant people
o Standard I was loath to concede defeat
o Standard I was loth to submit to a body-cavity search until I saw who
would be administering it
bull lose and loose Lose can mean fail to win misplace or cease to be in possession Loose can mean the opposite of tight or the opposite of tighten Lose
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is often misspelled loose likely because lose has an irregular rhyme for the way itis spelled it is more common for words ending -ose to rhyme -əʊz like nose or rose but lose rhymes -u zː like news or confuse This may cause poor spellers toguess the correct spelling should match another -u z rhyming word likeː choosealthough choose is itself also an exception to the regular rhyme for words ending
-oose (typically such words including loose rhyme -u sː
like goose or caboose)o Standard We cannot afford to lose customers to our competitors
o Standard A screw is loose and I need a screwdriver to tighten it
o Non-standard If the team cannot score any points they will loose the
game
[edit] M
bull macerate marinate and marinade (From post-classical Latin marina brineshort for classical Latin aqua marina sea water)[5] In Standard English marinade
is a noun and not a verb marinate is the verb Macerate means to soften by
steeping in a liquid and in culinary terminology is used for non-protein itemsspecifically fruit [5] The word macerate is also used in science to soften bonerock etc in a liquid[5]
o Standard The meat will taste better if you marinate it in olive oil before
cookingo Standard Prepare the marinade by mixing vinegar and soy sauce
o Non-standard Marinade the meat in wine for half an hour
o Standard Macerate the fruit in wine for half an hour
o Non-standard Marinate the fruit in wine for half an hour
bull me myself and I In a traditional prescriptive grammar I is used only as a
subject me is used only as an object and myself is used only as a reflexive objectthat is to say when the subject is I and the object would otherwise be meMyself is often used incorrectly often in a form of hypercorrection Like the other reflexive pronouns myself should be used only when both the subject and objectof the verb are the speaker or as an emphatic pronoun (intensifier )
o Standard Jim and I took the train
o Standard He lent the books to Jim and me
o Standard That is I in the picture (This is very formal and seldom found
in speech)o Acceptable That is me in the picture (This is typical in informal English)
o Standard (intensifying) I myself have seen instances of that type
o Standard (reflexive) I hurt myself I did it to myself I played by myself Iwant to enjoy myself
o Non-standard Jim and me went into town
o Non-standard Me and Jim went into town
o Non-standard As for myself I prefer the red
o Non-standard He is an American like myself
o Non-standard He gave the paper to Jim and myself
o Non-standard My wife and myself do not like the development
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o Non-standard I wake upWith my eyes shut tightHoping tomorrow will
never comeFor you and I (Should be For you and me) (From You AndI Part II by Fleetwood Mac)
bull mitigate and militate To mitigate is to make something milder To militate is to
fight or exert pressure for something to happen or not to happeno Standard The seriousness of your crime was mitigated by the provocation
you were undero Standard Over-protective practices in this factory militate against
increased efficiencyo Non-standard Over-protective practices in this factory mitigate against
increased efficiency
[edit] N to R
bull novice and novitiate A novice is a prospective or trainee member of a religious
order The novitiate is the state of being a novice or the time for which one is anovice However a novice monk or nun is often incorrectly described as anovitiate (perhaps confused with initiate)
bull of and have In some dialects of spoken English of and the contracted form of have ve sound alike However in standard written English they are notinterchangeable
o Standard Susan would have stopped to eat but she was running late
o Standard You could have warned me
o Non-standard I should of known that the store would be closed (Should
be I shouldve known)
bull overestimate and underestimate There is frequent confusion between thingsthat cannot and should not be overunderestimated though the meanings areopposite
o Standard The damage caused by pollution cannot be overestimated (ie it
is so enormous that no estimate however high is excessive)o Standard The damage caused by pollution should not be underestimated
(ie it is wrong to regard it as minor)o Non-standard The damage caused by pollution cannot be underestimated
(literal meaning it is so minimal that no estimate is too small Intendedmeaning one of the previous two)
bull past and passed Past refers to events that have previously occurred while passed is the past tense of to pass whether in a congressional action or a physical occurrence
o Standard Congress passed the bill limiting the powers of the President
o Standard History is mainly concerned with the events of the past
o Non-standard He past my house on his way to the store
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bull peremptory and preemptive A peremptory act or statement is absolute it cannot be denied A preemptive action is one taken before an adversary can act
o Standard He issued a peremptory order
o Standard Preemptive air strikes stopped the enemy from launching the
new warship
bull perpetrate and perpetuate To perpetrate something is to commit it while to perpetuate is something is to cause it to continue or to keep happening
o Standard The gang perpetrated outrages against several citizens
o Standard The stories only serve to perpetuate the legend that the house is
haunted
bull perquisite and prerequisite Perquisite usually means an extra allowance or privilege Prerequisite means something required as a condition
o Standard He had all the perquisites of a movie star including a stand-in
o Standard Passing the examination was one of the prerequisites for a
teaching position
bull perspective and prospective Perspective is a view with correct visual anglesexample parallel railway tracks converging in the distance Prospective is afuture possibility or expectation
bull perspicuity and perspicacity If something is perspicuous it is easily understoodits meaning is obvious If one is perspicacious then one is quick to understand or has good insight
o Standard I admired her perspicacity she just seemed to get it so much
better than I
o Standard He expressed the idea so perspicuously that anyone couldunderstand
o Non-standard She spoke in a perspicacious way
bull peruse means to read or examine very carefully but is sometimes usederroneously when the exact opposite is meant to read superficially to glanceover quickly to skim
bull photogenic and photographic The former is to be used to mean someoneslikeness is particularly amenable to being well photographed The latter isanything pertaining to photography whether it is technical eg photographic
chemical or equipment or generic eg photographic journals
bull prescribe and proscribe To prescribe something is to command or recommendit To proscribe somebody or something is to outlaw him her or it
bull progeny and prodigy Progeny are offspring or things that follow something elseA prodigy is a genius or a marvelous example of something
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bull Quartary and quaternary Quartary (from Latin quartarius) is the fourthmember of an ordinal number word series beginning with (primary secondarytertiary) and continuing with (quintary sextary )[6] Quaternary (from Latinquaternarius) is the fourth member of a distributive number word series beginning with (singular binary ternary) and continuing with (quinary senary
septenary octonary centenary)[7][8]
In biology the non-standard usage Quaternary structure is so firmly entrenchedthat to refer to Quartary structure would be incorrect
bull redundant does not mean useless or unable to perform its function It meansthat there is an excess of something that something is surplus to requirementsand no longer needed or that it is obsolete
o Standard A new pill that will instantly cure any illness has made
antibiotics redundant (Antibiotics could still be used to cure illnesses butthey are no longer needed because a better pill has been invented)
o
Standard The week before Christmas the company made seventy-fiveworkers redundanto Non-standard Over-use of antibiotics risks making them redundant (This
should read over-use of antibiotics risks making them ineffective)
bull regimen and regiment A regimen is a system of order and may often refer to thesystematic dosing of medication A regiment is a military unit
o Standard The sick soldier was removed from his regiment
o Standard The sick soldier was ordered to complete a regimen of
amoxicillin
bull
reign and rein A reign refers to the rule of a monarch Reins are the straps usedto control the movements of an animal (typically a horse) Thus to take thereins means to assume control and to have free rein means to be free of constraints[9]
o Non-standard the Suns gave Sports Illustrateds Jack McCallum free
reign of practices[10] o Non-standard Bobby Jindal a whiz kid takes the reigns of Louisianas
Department of Health and Hospital[11]
[edit] S to T
bull sensual and sensuous Both words mean to do with the senses Sensual is moreoften applied to a pleasure or experience or to a persons character sensuous tosomeone or something of enticing appearance
o Standard Don Juan is the most sensual character in fiction
o Standard Ascetics believe in avoiding all sensual pleasures
o Standard Marilyn Monroe looks extremely sensuous in this film clip
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bull set and sit When used as a verb to set means to place or to adjust to a valuewhereas to sit means to be seated
o Standard Set the pot upon the stove
o Standard Set the temperature-control to 100 degC
o Non-standard Set down over there
o Non-standard Sit the pot on the stoveo Standard Sit on the chair
bull shrink and shirk To shirk means to consistently avoid to neglect to be tooafraid to engage To shrink means to contract to become physically smaller insize also to shrink away means to suddenly jerk away from something inhorror However to shrink from may also mean to hesitate or show reluctancetoward
o Standard I will not shirk discussion
o Standard I will not shrink from discussion
o Standard She shrank away from me
o Non-standard I will not shrink discussiono Non-standard I will not shirk from discussion
bull sight site and cite A sight is something seen a site is a place To cite is to quoteor list as a source
o Standard You are a sight for sore eyes
o Standard I found a list of the sights of Rome on a tourist site
o Standard Please cite the sources you used in your essay
o Standard You must travel to the site of the dig to see the dinosaur bones
o Standard It is necessary to have line-of-sight if you want to use
semaphore
o Non-standard One must be careful on a construction sighto Non-standard I will site the book in which I saw the statistics
o Non-standard I could not fire because I did not have line-of-site to the
target
bull temblor and trembler A temblor is an earthquake A trembler is something thattrembles
bull than and then Than is a grammatical particle and preposition associated withcomparatives whereas then is an adverb and a noun In certain dialects the twowords are usually homophones because they are function words with reduced
vowels and this may cause speakers to confuse themo Standard I like pizza more than lasagne
o Standard We ate dinner then went to the movies
o Non-standard You are a better person then I am
bull there their theyre and therere There refers to the location of somethingTheir means belonging to them Theyre is a contraction of They are Therere
is a contraction of there are[citation needed ]
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o Standard Therere five of them and theyre all coming to the restaurant for
their dinner we will meet them there
bull theres wheres etc A common spoken mistake is using a singular contractionwhen it should be plural in words like theres and wheres This stems from the
fact that therere and wherere are more difficult to enunciate and are oftenavoided for that reason in colloquial speecho Non-standard Wheres the cars (Should be Wherere)
o Non-standard Theres many types of cars (Should be Therere)
bull to too Too means in excess or also To is a preposition or is a part of a verbin the infinitive At the end of a sentence to may also refer to a dropped verb inthe infinitive
bull trimester A trimester is a period of three months[12][13] Because it is mostcommonly used in conjunction with a nine-month academic year [14] or a nine-
month term of human pregnancy[15]
it is sometimes wrongly assumed thattrimester is simply a synonym for one third[16][17] o Standard One calendar year contains four trimesters
o Non-standard Without further delay then comes ESPNcoms annual
(and overdue) First Trimester Report ushering folks back to the office bytaking stock of the seasons opening third[18]
[edit] U to Z
bull venal and venial These words are sometimes confused venal means corruptable to be bribed or for sale venial means pardonable not serious[2][19]
o Standard According to Catholic doctrine eating meat on a Friday is avenial sin but murder is a mortal sin
o Standard All ages have examples of venal politicians
bull warranty and warrantee A warranty is a legal assurance that some object can perform some specified task or meets certain quality standards A warrantee is the person who benefits from a warranty The verb form is warrant Confusion herecan stem from guarantee and the less common guaranty which have similar meanings
o Standard Most new cars come with at least a three-year warranty
o Standard I guarantee that you will make a return on your investment
o Non-standard Your mobile phone has stopped working Maybe you needto claim under the warrantee
bull whose and whos Whose is an interrogative word (Whose is this) or a relative pronoun (The people whose house you admired) whos is a contraction for whois or who has
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bull wont and wont Wont is a contraction for will not while wont is a wordmeaning accustomed or inclined to (as an adjective) or habit or custom (as anoun)
o Standard He wont let me drive his car
o Standard He spent the morning reading as he was wont to do
o Standard He took a walk in the evening as was his wonto Non-standard I wont need to go to the supermarket after all
bull youre and your While they sound the same in many dialects in standard writtenEnglish they have separate meanings Youre is a contraction for you are and your is a possessive pronoun meaning belonging to you When in doubt just seewhether the word in question can logically be expanded to you are
o Standard When driving always wear your seatbelt
o Standard If youre going out please be home by ten oclock
o Non-standard Youre mother called this morning
o Non-standard Your the first person to notice my new haircut today
bull aggravate ndash Some prescriptivists have argued that this word should not be used inthe sense of to annoy or to oppress but only to mean to make worseHowever this proscription against to annoy is not rooted in history Accordingto AHDI the annoy usage occurs in English as far back as the 17th centuryfurthermore in Latin from which the word was borrowed both meanings wereused[1] Sixty-eight percent of AHD4s Usage Panel approves of its use in Its theendless wait for luggage that aggravates me the most about air travel [2] M-Wmentions that while aggravate in the sense of to rouse to displeasure or anger byusually persistent and often petty goading has been around since the 17thcentury disapproval of that usage only appeared around 1870[3] RH states in its
usage note under aggravate that The two most common senses of aggravate areto make worse and to annoy or exasperate Both senses first appeared in theearly 17th century at almost the same time the corresponding two senses of thenoun aggravation also appeared then Both senses of aggravate and aggravation
have been standard since then[4] Chambers cites this usage as colloquial andthat it is well established especially in spoken English although it is sometimesregarded as incorrect[5]
o Disputed usage Its the endless wait for luggage that aggravates me the
most about air travelo Undisputed usage Being hit on the head by a falling brick aggravated my
already painful headache
bull aint ndash originally a contraction of am not this word is widely used as areplacement for arent isnt havent and hasnt as well While aint hasexisted in the English language for a very long time and it is a common normalword in many dialects in both North America and the British Isles it is not a partof standard English and its use in formal writing is not recommended by mostusage commentators Its unselfconscious use in speech may tend to mark thespeaker as uneducated Nevertheless aint is used by educated speakers and
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writers for deliberate effect what Oxford American Dictionary describes astongue-in-cheek or reverse snobbery and what Merriam-Webster Collegiate
calls emphatic effect or a consistently informal style[6]
bull alibi ndash Some prescriptivists argue this cannot be used in the non-legal sense of
an explanation or excuse to avoid blame or justify action AHD4 notes that thisusage was acceptable to almost half[7] of the Usage Panel while most opposedthe words use as a verb M-W mentions no usage problems listing the disputedmeaning second to its legal sense without comment OED cites the non-legal nounand verb usages as colloquial and orig[inally] US[8] Chambers deems this usecolloquial[9]
bull alright ndash An alternate to all right that some consider illiterate but others allowRH says that it probably arose in analogy with other similar words such asaltogether and already it does concede the use in writing as informal and thatall right is used in more formal edited writing[10] AHD4 flags alright as
nonstandard
[11]
and comments that this unacceptance (compared to altogether etc) is peculiar and may be due to its relative recentness (altogether andalready date back to the Middle Ages alright only a little over a century)[12]
Chambers refers to varying levels of formality of all right deeming alright to bemore casual it recommends the use of all right in writing for readers who are precise about the use of language[13]
bull also ndash Some prescriptivists contend this word should not be used to begin asentence AHD4 says 63 percent of the Usage Panel found acceptable theexample The warranty covers all power-train components Also participating dealers back their work with a free lifetime service guarantee[14] See also and amp
but below
bull alternate ndash In British English this adjective means according to OED and other sources switching between two options or similar It does not mean the same asalternative (see next) which OED specifically marks as an American meaning of alternate In international English it is thus thought better to observe the Britishdistinction then the meanings of alternative and alternate will be clear toeveryone (See meanings given at M-W the same applies to the adverbsalternately and alternatively)
bull alternative ndash Some prescriptivists argue that alternative should be used onlywhen the number of choices involved is exactly two While AHD4 allows thewords longstanding use to mean one of a number of things from which only onecan be chosen and the acceptance of this usage by many language critics it goeson to state that only 49 of its Usage panel approves of its use as in Of the threealternatives the first is the least distasteful[15] Neither M-W[16] nor RH[17]
mentions any such restriction to a choice of two Chambers qualifies its definitionas referring to strictly speaking two but often used of more than two possibilities[18]
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bull ampm ndash These are Latin abbreviations for the adverbial phrases antemeridiem (before noon) and post meridiem (after noon) Some prescriptivistsargue that they thus should not be used in English as nouns meaning morningand afternoon however such use is consistent with ordinary nominalizationfeatures of English AHD4 lists adjectival usage with an AM appointment [19]
and a PM appointment[20]
RH gives Shall we meet Saturday am[19]
withoutcomment it gives no corresponding example at pm so that usage can only beextrapolated Also the National Institute of Standards and Technology (nd)contends it is incorrect to use 12 am or 12 pm to mean either noon or midnight
bull amongamongst and between ndash The traditionalist view is that between shouldonly be used when there are only two objects for comparison and among or amongst should be used for more than two objects Most style guides anddictionaries do not support this advice saying that between can be used to refer tosomething that is in the time space or interval that separates more than two itemsM-W says that the idea that between can be used only of two items is persistent
but unfounded
[21]
and AHD4 calls it a widely repeated but unjustified tradition[22] The OED says In all senses between has been from its earliest appearanceextended to more than two[23] Chambers says It is acceptable to use between
with reference to more than two people or things although does state that among
may be more appropriate in some circumstances[24] o Undisputed usage I parked my car between the two telegraph poles
o Undisputed usage Youll find my brain between my ears
o Disputed usage The duck swam between the reeds
o Disputed usage They searched the area between the river the farmhouse
and the woodso Undisputed usage We shared the money evenly amongst the three of us
o
Disputed usage We shared the money between Tom Dick and meo Undisputed usage My house was built among the gum trees
bull amount ndash Some prescriptivists argue amount should not be substituted for number They recommend the use of number if the thing referred to is countableand amount only if it is uncountable While RH acknowledges the traditionaldistinction between amount and number it mentions that [a]lthough objected tothe use of amount instead of number with countable nouns occurs in both speechand writing especially when the noun can be considered as a unit or group (theamount of people present the amount of weapons) or when it refers to money(the amount of dollars paid the amount of pennies in the till)[25] (see also less)
o
Disputed usage I was amazed by the amount of people who visited mywebsite (With knowledge of the exact number)o Undisputed usage The number of people in the lift must not exceed 10
o Undisputed usage I was unimpressed by the amount of water consumed
by the elephant
bull and ndash Some prescriptivists argue that sentences should not begin with the wordand on the argument that as a conjunction it should only join clauses within a
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sentence AHD4 states that this stricture has been ridiculed by grammarians for decades and ignored by writers from Shakespeare to Joyce Carol Oates[26] RHstates Both and and but and to a lesser extent or and so are common astransitional words at the beginnings of sentences in all types of speech andwriting it goes on to suggest that opposition to this usage probably stems from
the overuse of such sentences by inexperienced writers[27]
ENCARTA opinesthat said opposition comes from too literal an understanding of the joiningfunction of conjunctions and states that any overuse is a matter of poor style notgrammatical correctness[28] COED calls the usage quite acceptable[29] Manyverses of the King James Bible begin with and as does William Blakes poem And did those feet in ancient time (aka Jerusalem) Fowlers Modern EnglishUsage defends this use of and Chambers states that Although it is sometimesregarded as poor style it is not ungrammatical to begin a sentence with and [30]
See also also above and but below
bull anxious ndash Some prescriptivists argue that this word should only be used in the
sense of worried or worrisome (compare anxiety) but it has been used inthe sense of eager for over 250 years 52 of AHD4s Usage Panel accepts itsuse in the sentence We are anxious to see the new show of contemporarysculpture at the museum Also it suggests that the use of anxious to mean eager
may be mild hyperbole as the use of dying in the sentence Im dying to see your new baby[31] RH states bluntly that its use in the sense of eageris fullystandard[32] M-W defines anxious as 3 ardently or earnestly wishing ltanxiousto learn moregt synonym see EAGER[33] Chambers gives 3 very eager bullanxious to do well[34]
[edit] B
bull barbaric and barbarous mdash Barbaric applies to the culture of barbarians and may be positive (barbaric splendor) barbarous applies to the behavior of barbariansand is negative (barbarous cruelty) This is standard English usage HoweverM-W equates the third meaning of barbaric with the third of barbarous thatis mercilessly harsh or cruel[35] COD11 and Chambers list savagely cruel andcruel and brutal excessively harsh or vicious[36] respectively as the first
meanings for barbaric Only AHD4 disallows this usage and without comment[37]
o Undisputed The environment of the venue was barbaric
o Undisputed Terrorism is barbarous
o Disputed Capital punishment is a disgusting barbaric measure
bull begging the question In logic begging the question is another term for petitio
principii or arguing in a circle in other words making assumptions in advanceabout the very issue in dispute Now often used to mean simply leading to thequestion
o Undisputed You argue that Christianity must be true because the Bible
says so Isnt that begging the question
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o Disputed You want to go to the theatre That begs the question which day
we should go
bull but ndash Some prescriptivists argue that if and should not be used to begin sentencesthen neither should but These words are both conjunctions thus they believe that
they should be used only to link clauses within a sentence AHD4 states that itmay be used to begin a sentence at all levels of style [38]
[edit] C
bull can and may ndash Some prescriptivists argue that can refers to possibility and may
refers to permission and insist on maintaining this distinction although usage of can to refer to permission is pervasive in spoken and very frequent in writtenEnglish M-W notes Can and may are most frequently interchangeable in sensesdenoting possibility because the possibility of ones doing something may (or can) depend on anothers acquiescence they have also become interchangeable in
the sense denoting permission The use of can to ask or grant permission has beencommon since the 19th century and is well established although somecommentators feel may is more appropriate in formal contexts May is relativelyrare in negative constructions (maynt is not common) cannot and cant are usualin such contexts[39] AHD4 echoes this sentiment of formality noting that only21 of the Usage Panel accepted can in the example Can I take another week tosubmit the application[40] For its part OED labels the use of can for may ascolloquial[41]
bull comprise ndash Comprise means to consist of A second meaning to compose or constitute is sometimes attacked by usage writers However it is supported as
sense 3 along with a usage note in M-W[42] and although AHD4 notes the usageas a usage problem its usage note says Our surveys show that opposition tothis usage is abating In the 1960s 53 percent of the Usage Panel found this usageunacceptable in 1996 only 35 percent objected[43]
o Undisputed usage The English Wikipedia comprises more than two
million articleso Disputed usage The English Wikipedia comprises of more than two
million articleso Disputed usage The English Wikipedia is comprised of more than two
million articleso Disputed usage More than two million articles comprise the English
Wikipediao Disputed usage Diatoms comprise more than 70 of all phytoplankton
o Undisputed usage Diatoms constitute more than 70 of all
phytoplanktono Disputed usage Those in the industry have mostly scoffed at the young
inexperienced Carter and the rest of the high school pals that comprise thecompany[44]
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Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] D
bull deprecate ndash The original meaning in English is deplore or express disapproval
of (the Latin from which the word derives means pray to avert evil suggestingthat some event would be a calamity) The word is now also used to mean playdown belittle or devalue a shift that some prescriptivists disapprove of as itsuggests the word is being confused with the similar word depreciate in factAHD4 states that in this sense deprecate has almost completely supplanteddepreciate however a majority of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved thissense[45] Its use with the approximate meaning to declare obsolete in computer jargon is also sometimes condemned
bull diagnose ndash Cochrane (2004) states that to diagnose [someone] with a disease isan incorrect usage of the verb diagnose which takes the physician as subject and
a disease as object (eg to diagnose cancer) In American English according toAHD4[46] and M-W[47] the sense of diagnose [someone] with a disease is listedwithout comment or tag however for its part RH does not list such a usage withor without comment For British English COD11 offers identify the medicalcondition of (someone) she was diagnosed as having epilepsy (2004) this usagehowever did not appear in editions as recently as the 1990s Chambers does notoffer this sense at all[48]
o Disputed usage Mr Smith was diagnosed with diabetes
o Undisputed usage The doctor diagnosed diabetes
bull different ndash Standard usage in both Britain and America is different from (on the
analogy of to differ from) In Britain this competes with different to (coinedon the analogy of similar to) In America it competes with different than(coined on the analogy of other than) Different to is also found in IrishAustralian and New Zealand English
o Undisputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different
from the Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different to the
Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different than
the British
bull disinterested ndash Standard usage is as a word for unbiased but some have alsorendered it synonymous with uninterested or apathetic
o Undisputed usage As their mutual best friend I tried to remain
disinterested in their argument so as not to anger eithero Disputed usage The key to attracting a member of the opposite sex is to
balance between giving attention to him or her and appearingdisinterested
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bull due to ndash The adjectival use of due to is undisputed Its adverbial use howeverhas been a subject of dispute for many years as witnessed by several (especiallyUS) dictionary usage notes that in the end designate it as standard WilliamStrunk in his Elements of style labelled the disputed adverbial use of due to asincorrect [49] Although the first (1926) edition of FOWLER condemned the
adverbial use as common only among the illiterate the third (1996) editionsaid Opinion remains sharply divided but it begins to look as if this use of due
to will form part of the natural language of the 21C as one more example of aforgotten battle Due to is frequently used in place of from for with of because
of and other prepositions Undisputed synonyms for due to are caused by andattributable to
o Disputed usage He died due to cancer (He died of cancer)
o Disputed usage Due to the end of the Second War circumstances altered
profoundly (With the end of the Second War circumstances altered profoundly)
o Disputed usage The project failed due to lack of funds (The project
failed for lack of funds) o Undisputed usage His death was due to cancer
o Undisputed usage Many thought the problem was due to mismanagement
[edit] E
bull enormity ndash Frequently used as a synonym for enormousness or immensity but traditionally means extreme wickedness According to AHD4 thisdistinction has not always occurred historically but is now supported by 59 of the dictionarys Usage Panel[50] COD11 states that enormity as a synonym for hugeness is now broadly accepted as standard English Although Chambers lists
immenseness or vastness as a meaning it says it should not be used in thatsense commenting that it is encountered often because the word enormousness isawkward it recommends using instead another word such as hugeness greatness etc[51]
o Disputed usage The enormity of the elephant astounded me
o Traditional usage The enormity of Stalins purges astounds me
[edit] F
bull farther and further ndash Many prescriptivists adhere to the rule that farther only
should refer to matters of physical distance or position while further should bereserved for usages involving time or degree (as well as undisputed descriptionsof moreover and in addition)
o Disputed usage San Jose is further from LA than Santa Barbara
o Disputed usage LA was a couple hours farther from home than I
expectedo Disputed usage If her fever increases any farther I will call the doctor
o Undisputed usage I would like to discuss the issue further at a later time
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bull fortuitously ndash Used by some interchangeably with fortunately strictly speaking fortuitousness is a reference to an occurrence depending on chance M-W notesthat use of the word in sense of fortunate has been in standard use for at least 70years and notes that the sense of coming or happening by a lucky chance isvirtually unnoticed by usage critics[52][clarification needed ]
[edit] G
bull gender ndash Gender is often used interchangeably with sex in the sense of the biological or social quality male and female It is never used to refer to sexualintercourse
o Gender traditionally refers to grammatical gender a feature in the
grammar of a number of different languages Some prescriptivists arguethat its use as a euphemism for sex is to be avoided as a genteelismFowler (p 211) says it is used either as a jocularityor a blunder
o Sex and gender can be used in different but related senses with sex
referring to biological characteristics and gender to social roles andexpectations based on sex Use of gender as interchangeable with or as areplacement for sex may confuse readers who draw this distinction See
gender identity gender role
[edit] H
bull hoi polloi ndash The question surrounding hoi polloi is whether it is appropriate to usethe article the preceding the phrase it arises because hoi is the Greek word for the in the phrase and classical purists complain that adding the makes the phrase
redundant the the common people Foreign phrases borrowed into English areoften reanalyzed as single grammatical units requiring an English article inappropriate contexts AHD4 says The Arabic element al- means the andappears in English nouns such as alcohol and alchemy Thus since no one wouldconsider a phrase such as the alcohol to be redundant criticizing the hoi polloi onsimilar grounds seems pedantic[53]
bull hopefully ndash Some prescriptivists argue this word should not be used as anexpression of confidence in an outcome however M-W classes hopefully withother words such as interestingly frankly and unfortunately (which areunremarkably used in a similar way) as disjuncts and describes this usage as
entirely standard
[54]
AHD4 however notes that opposition to this usage by their usage panels has grown from 56 to 73 despite support for similar disjuncts(such as 60 support for the use of mercifully in Mercifully the game ended before the opponents could add another touchdown to the lopsided score) AHD4opines that this opposition is not to the use of these adverbs in general but thatthis use of hopefully has become a shibboleth[55] OED lists this usage withoutany colloquial or other label other than to say Avoided by many writers[56]
See also the discussion of hopefully as a dangling modifier One investigation in
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modern corpora on Language Log revealed that outside fiction where it stillrepresents 40 of all uses (the other qualifying primarily speech and gazes)disjunct uses account for the vast majority (over 90) of all uses of the word[57]
o Disputed usage Hopefully Ill get that scholarship
o Undisputed usage The prisoner thought hopefully about the prospect for
escape when he realized the guards accidentally left his cell unlocked
Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] L
bull less ndash Some prescriptivists argue that less should not be substituted for fewer Merriam-Webster notes The traditional view is that less applies to matters of degree value or amount and modifies collective nouns mass nouns or nounsdenoting an abstract whole while fewer applies to matters of number and modifies plural nouns Less has been used to modify plural nouns since the days of King
Alfred and the usage though roundly decried appears to be increasing Less ismore likely than fewer to modify plural nouns when distances sums of moneyand a few fixed phrases are involved ltless than 100 milesgt ltan investment of less
than $2000gt ltin 25 words or lessgt and as likely as fewer to modify periods of time ltin less (or fewer ) than four hoursgt[58]
o Disputed usage This lane 12 items or less
o Undisputed usage We had fewer players on the team this season
o Undisputed usage There is less water in the tank now
bull like and as ndash Some prescriptivists object to the use of like as a conjunction statingit is rather a preposition and that only as would be appropriate in this
circumstance M-W however cites likes use as a conjunction as standard sincethe 14th century and opines that opposition to it is perhaps more heated thanrational (see M-Ws entry like [7 conjunction]) AHD4 says Writers sinceChaucers time have used like as a conjunction but 19th-century and 20th-centurycritics have been so vehement in their condemnations of this usage that a writer who uses the construction in formal style risks being accused of illiteracy or worse and recommends using as in formal speech and writing[59] OED does nottag it as colloquial or nonstandard but notes Used as conj[unction] = like asas Now generally condemned as vulgar or slovenly though examples may befound in many recent writers of standing[60] Chambers lists the conjunctive useas colloquial[61]
o Undisputed usage He is an American as am Io Undisputed usage He is an American like me
o Undisputed usage It looks as if this play will be a flop
o Undisputed usage This play looks like a flop
o Disputed usage He is an American like I am
o Disputed usage It looks like this play will be a flop
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bull literally ndash Some prescriptivists argue literally should not be used as a mereemphatic unless the thing to which it refers is actually true It is used todisambiguate a possible metaphorical interpretation of a phrase M-W does notcondemn the second use which means in effect or virtually but says the useis pure hyperbole intended to gain emphasis but it often appears in contexts
where no additional emphasis is necessary[62]
o Disputed usage The party literally went with a bang (No it did not
unless there was an actual loud noise)o Undisputed usage I literally ran more than 25 miles today I ran a
marathon
bull loan ndash The use of loan as a verb meaning to give out a loan is disputed withlend being preferred for the verb form AHD4 flatly states [t]he verb loan is wellestablished in American usage and cannot be considered incorrect[63] M-W statesloan is entirely standard as a verb[64] RH says Sometimes mistakenlyidentified as an Americanism loan as a verb meaning to lend has been used in
English for nearly 800 years it further states that objections to this use arecomparatively recent[65] Chambers defines the verb loan as to lend (especiallymoney)[66] OED merely states Now chiefly US[67] and COD11 includes themeaning without tag or comment
o Undisputed usage I lent him some money
o Undisputed usage Fill out the paperwork for a loan
o Disputed usage I loaned him some money
[edit] M
bull may and might ndash May should only be used where the event in question is still
possible not for something that was possible in the past or for a hypothetical present possibility Might is properly the past tense form of may (In similar fashion could should and would are all past tense forms for can shalland will respectively)
o Undisputed usage My brother may have gone to China last week
( perhaps he did )o Disputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother may have gone
to China last week (but he didnt )o Undisputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother might have
gone to China last weeko Disputed usage He thought it may be true (but it wasnt )
o Undisputed usage He thought it might be true
bull meet ndash Some prescriptivists state that as a transitive verb in the context to cometogether by chance or arrangement meet (as in meet (someone)) does not requirea preposition between verb and object the phrase meet with (someone) is deemedincorrect Chambers flags this usage US[68] RH allows it in the sense of to joinas for conference or instruction I met with her an hour a day until we solved the problem[69] On the other hand none of M-W AHD4 or COD11 entertains this
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usage NOTE In the sense of fulfilling prerequisites or criteria (We met with theentry requirements) or that of encountering (Our suggestions may meet with
opposition the soldiers met with machine-gun fire) the verb phrase meet with isnot in dispute
o Disputed usage I will meet with you tonight
o
Undisputed usage I will meet you tonight
bull momentarily ndash Traditionally momentarily means for a moment but its use tomean in a moment is sometimes disputed M-W[70] and RH[71] give this latter usage a standard entry without comment while OED[72] and Chambers[73] tag itNAmer AHD4 has a usage note indicating that 59 of their Usage Paneldeems this usage unacceptable[74]
o Disputed usage Your feature presentation will begin momentarily
o Undisputed usage The flash from the atom bomb momentarily lit up the
night sky
[edit] N
bull nauseous ndash Traditionally nauseous means causing nausea (synonymous withnauseating) it is commonly used now as a synonym for queasy that ishaving the feeling of nausea AHD4 notes the traditional view stating that 72 of the Usage Panel preferred nauseated over nauseous to mean affected withnausea however 88 of that same panel preferred nauseating to nauseous tomean causing nausea in other words a maximum of only 28 prefersnauseous in either case It also states that in common usage nauseous issynonymous with nauseated but deems this usage incorrect[75] M-W howeverasserts that [t]hose who insist that nauseous is an error for nauseated are
mistaken[76] Both M-W and AHD4 accept that nauseous is supplantingnauseated for feeling nausea and in turn being replaced by nauseating for causing nausea in general usage they only differ on the correctness of thechange RH states The two literal senses of nauseous [] appear in English atalmost the same time in the early 17th century and both senses are in standard useat the present time Nauseous is more common than nauseated in the senseaffected with nausea despite recent objections by those who imagine the sense to be new[77] CHAMBERS lists the sense of causing nausea first and affected withnausea second[78] while COD11 gives the affliction first and causation second both dictionaries list the entries without comment OED goes further tagging itsnauseated usage as Orig[inally] US but demoted its nauseating usage to
literary OED also notes that the original (now obsolete) sense of the word inEnglish was inclined to sickness or nausea squeamish[79] Curiously this oldestseventeenth-century meaning (inclined to nausea) while distinct from thedisputed twentieth-century usage (afflicted by nausea) more closely resemblesthe latter than it does the prescribed meaning (causing nausea)
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseous
o Disputed usage That smell is making me nauseous
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseating
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future tense (The supervisor will be back presently)[80] M-W mentions the samevintage for the sense of now and that it is not clear why it is objectionable[81]
AHD4 states that despite its use nowadays in literate speech and writing thatthere is still lingering prejudice against this use In the late 1980s only 50 of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved of the sentence General Walters is hellip
presently the United States Ambassador to the United Nations[82]
COD11 lists both usages without comment CHAMBERS merely flags the sense of now asN Amer especially US[83]
o Disputed usage I am presently reading Wikipedia
o Undisputed usage I will be finished with that activity presently
[edit] R
bull refute ndash The traditional meaning of refute is disprove or dispel with reasoned
arguments It is now often used as a synonym for deny The latter sense islisted without comment by M-W[84] and AHD4[85] while CHAMBERS tags it ascolloquial[86] COD11 states that Traditionalists object to [the use of refute asdeny] but it is now widely accepted in standard English However RH does notmention this use at all[87]
bull relatively ndash Literally meaning compared to some now use relatively to meanmoderately or somewhat AHD4 does not list this usage at all [88] M-W hasapparently blended the two usages in one[89]
o Disputed usage That man was relatively annoying
o Undisputed usage Though relatively harmless when compared to
dimethylmercury mercury (II) oxide is still quite toxic
[edit] S
bull Scotch Scots and Scottish ndash Formerly English people used Scotch whereScottish people used Scottish The current convention is as follows
o Scottish for people
o Scotch for things (especially whisky)
o Scots for institutions (Scots law Scots language)
bull
seek ndash This means look for but is used to mean try or want This usage iscriticised by Fowler in the entry Formal Words
o Disputed usage we did seek to resolve the Iraq crisis by peaceful
means those who seek to emulate his legacy of murder the Liberalsseek to undermine that future[attribution needed ]
o Undisputed usage Seek and ye shall find
[edit] T
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bull than mdash Than is the subject of a longstanding dispute as to its status as a preposition or conjunction see than For the disputed construction different thansee Different
bull they mdash Prescriptivists regard this as a plural pronoun that uses a third person
plural verb conjugation (see below they show) but the word is now commonlyused especially in speech and informal writing as a non-gender-specific third- person singular pronoun (which modern English otherwise lacks) Alternativesinclude he or she and generic he Some writers argue that generic he isgeneric (as the name implies) and thus includes both sexes Others find it sexist or too old-fashioned The pronouns you or one can be used in some sentences
o Disputed usage A person is rude if they show no respect for their hosts
o Undisputed usage One is rude if one shows no respect for ones hosts
o Undisputed usage It is rude not to show respect for hosts
o Undisputed usage Many people have told me that they are satisfied with
their food
bull thusly mdash Thusly (AHD4 suggests) was originally coined by educated writers tomake fun of uneducated persons trying to sound genteel[90] Thusly howeverdiffused into popular usage Some people accept it as an adverb in its own rightwhile others believe thus should be used in all cases The word thusly appearswith no associated usage notes in M-W[91] COD11 tags it as informal with theentry thus tagged as literary or formal CHAMBERS does not list the word atall and it is unknown in British usage[92]
[edit] U
bull unique ndash Some prescriptivists argue that unique only means sole or unequaled (British spelling unequalled) but most dictionaries give a thirdmeaning unusual which can be qualified by very or somewhat as in Thetheme of the party was somewhat unique see comparison Almost unique isuniversally acceptable[citation needed ]
[edit] W
bull
whilst and while mdash Penguin Working Words recommends while only and notesthat whilst is old-fashioned Cambridge Guide to English Usage and M-WsWebsters Guide to English Usage comment on its regional character and notethat it is rare in American usage It is thus safer to use only while in internationalEnglish (See the article While for further sources deprecating the use of whilst and cautioning about uses of while)
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bull who mdash Some prescriptivists argue that who should be used only as a subject pronoun the corresponding object pronoun being whom Strictly speakingusing who instead of whom is substituting a subjective pronoun for an objective pronoun and hence is the same as using she instead of her (eg I talked to she
today) Most people never use whom in spoken English and instead use who for
all cases Those who use whom in everyday speech may recognize substitution of who as substandard FOWLER has an extensive entry on who and whom
including several quotes from major publications where whom is used incorrectlyo Undisputed usage You are talking to whom
o Disputed usage You are talking to who
o Undisputed usage To whom are you talking
o Disputed usage To who are you talking
o Disputed usage far more hostile to Diana whom she believes betrayed
the Prince of WalesmdashIndependent Mag 1993 (FOWLER)o Undisputed usage far more hostile to Diana who she believes betrayed
the Prince of Wales
o Disputed usage Whom do men say that I am (Mark 927 King JamesVersion)
bull whoever mdash This extension of who (see above) along with its object formwhomever is attended by the same uncertainties as who along with whom and isdiscussed in the same sources (See the relevant section at Who)
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever wants it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever you think should have it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whomever you choose to give it
o Disputed usage Give it to whoever you choose to give it to
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever wants it
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever you think should have it
Module - Pair work - Asking questions to yourpartner
Hey
with Group 2 we first talked a little about food at the beginning of the class as awarm up And here is what we said
to be written by Franc
Then today was the first day that we worked in pairs You had to find informationabout superhero characters asking questions to your partner
Here are the two worksheets if you still need to complete them
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW you need to be able to speak about the picture of a super hero + speak about
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their story + give the common points between all the super heroes presented Yourpresentation will last about 3 to 5 minutes You can send me some drafts (brouillon)if neededBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - Tale LV2
Southern Trees - beginning of the study
Hey
today we first warmed up about your future jobs while waiting for those who werelate Here is what you said
I would like to become an architect when I leave highschool (Selma)I want to study law to be a lawyer maybe ( Jeacuterocircme)
Structures WANT TO WOULD LIKE TO -- Attention aux noms de meacutetiers quisont preacuteceacutedeacutes de larticle aan
Then we did a quick recap about what Jim Crow laws used to be Here is what wesaid
bull Jim Crow Laws
These were laws about racial segregation until the end of the 1960sBlacks were not allowed to go to school with Whites
Blacks were not allowed to attend school with WhitesBlacks were forbidden to live together there were separate water
fountains rest rooms or entrances at restaurantsThey were prohibited to sit at the front of a bus
bull KKK(1865-)
white Protestantssupremacy of the white race
white costumesterrorism and violence to oppress Blacks
Finally we listened to the text and we started our general comprehesion by
highlighting the important information about the type of document the places thetime Here is what we wrote
bull Text Southern Trees
- type of doc extract from the autobiographic novel of Billie Holliday- who Billie Holliday Lewis Allen piano player of Billie Pop audience bitch
- where in New-York at Cafe Society on 52nd Street Miami Los Angeles
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- when published in 1956
HW you need to finish answering the usual wh- questions about the text (inparticular about the feelings of the characters involved) You also need to divide thetext into 2 parts give them a title and justify your titles
NB you will have a vocabulary test next week with the words from the lesson andthe words from the tool box p 53 You may also have a test about the text andabout racial discrimination in the US on Wednesday It will depend on how far we areinto the study of the document Southern TreesBy English Prof
Enter comment - View comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Spiderman - Page 3
This morning with the whole class we first warmed up with why I was a little late inclass Here is what we wrote
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
Then we studied the last page from Spiderman
There was a secretary for each person that spoke about a panel Here are the notesthat we took while they were speaking
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
HW you will be able to speak about the document at the beginning of the class in arow (dun seul trait )You can download the last page here
By English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Oral tests about picture presentation + Lastsuperhero activity in pair work
Hey
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today in module I asked you to speak about the picture p 152 that you had tocomment You need to improve your analysis Ill be asking other students next timeagain
Here is an example of presentation Its not perfect but its a rather good one
The document is a picture where there are two parts In the first part wecan see a white family at the bottom who is sitting in a garden They looksurprised and they are looking at the second family who feels happy and
impressed Contrary to the white family they are standing and clad with
their traditional dress Its a black family
To me the scene takes place in the USA and the goal of this picture is todenounce discrimination which treats people differently in society
The photographer aims at criticizing segregation In this photo theseparation is represented by the fence which is separating Africans from
Americans Segregation in the 20th century in America was when the Blacksand the Whites couldnt blend
To my mind this picture is a good representation of discrimination MartinLuther King and Rosa Park are the symbols of this conflict When I see somepeople wanted to change society and make people aware of these
inequalities through paintings photos speeches or parades Im grateful tothem
The picture attains its objective I like this photo because it denounces very
well the implicit problems of American society in the 20th century(by Rochella D)
Group 2 then we started a new activity about grammar on how to differentiatebetween Present Simple and Present Be + ing
You may download the documents hereyet to be uploaded
Group 1 Then we started a new activity that was initially designed by MissFernandes a colleague in the academy of Caen We first described the pictures of the superheroes
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW You need to finish the description of each picture and prepare the questions toask to your partner about the missing elements in your worksheetBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareMonday 16 november 2009
- Posted in For Fun
The Prisoner - New Series - Trailer
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A new American series that you will probably LOVE Here is the trailer Looks andsounds fantastic
Exprimer le conseil en anglais
Today after taking a test on Body beauty and body parts (phonetics included) wespoke about superstitions on Friday the 13th And we discovered that Jonathansgrand-ma was extremely supersticious and that some of you believed in supernaturalthings too like Juliette who thinks her mother can read her mind or Camille RL whois sure what she says sometimes comes true Beware of the other Camille T whohas got a black cat She is certainly a witch and she may transform us all intopiglets Just kidding of course )
Here is what we said about superstitions
Today is a special day
On Friday the 13th people who are superstitious believe something terribly
bad or something awesome will happen to them
Examples of supertisions- you shouldnt be 13 around a table
- you shouldnt walk under a ladder- you shouldnt meet a black cat
- you shouldnt break a mirror- you shouldnt celebrate a birthday before
- you should wear a rabbit leg- you shouldnt walk on a line in the street
- you shouldnt cross your legs- you should touch wood when you say something bad
- you shouldnt put hats or shoes on a bed- you shouldnt open your umbrella inside
- you shouldnt put the bread upside down
Remember to express advice there are 3 very simple structures
bull should shouldnt + V
bull had better had better not + V bull ought to ought not to + V
Chocircmage unemployment
Embaucher to hire
bull by + V+ ing au moyen de en + V+ ingbull to + V pour + V (le but)
leisure loisirshigh ndash loweacuteleveacute ndash bas
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ecirctre oblige de to have to + Vto lead to entraicircnerhuge immense= The work-week la semaine de travailIn France the 35 hours-work week was decided and implemented in the 1990rsquos by asocialist government ( Mrs Aubry)
Exercice de traduction 1) Les employeacutes doivent faire des heures suppleacutementairesEmployees must do long hoursEmployees have to do long hours2) Il y a de nombreuses faccedilons de trouver du travailThere are a lot of ways to find work3) Lrsquoimmense augmentation des reacuteseaux sociaux permettent aux gens decommuniquer drsquoavantageThe huge increase of social networks enables people to communicate more4) Le travail suppleacutementaire entraicircne des problegravemes de santeacute pour les hommessurmeneacutes
bull Homebull Mail
bull Photos
bull Music
bull Games + Apps
bull More
o SMS Groups
o Sawaal
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o Free SMS
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Sign Up Sign In
Ask your Question in Exams Education amp References
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Home raquo Education raquo Exams Education ampReferences raquo Question
thornyuml
thornyuml
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I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i mDoing for Improve my english give me your best idea
Asked in Exams Education amp References at 1200 PM on October 09 2008
Tags english idea
This question is closedReport abuse
ntn jainProfile | QampA
Rate this 00
bull Latest Answers(4)
Sort by Latest | Oldest | Top-rated
English is best improved by practice and also by taking a small course to improve grammar and communication skillsThe key to practice is to read newspapers magazines and books almost regularly You can also start talking andexpressing yourself in English with your peers friends and (if possible) relatives
Writing in English is a good habit that will strengthen your expression skills as well In case you complete this all-round approach I am sure you will do well All the best
Answered by Idle Mind an ibibo Master at 409 PM on October 13 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Idle MindProfile | QampA
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you can
Answered by Rachana an ibibo Citizen at 106 PM on October 11 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
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RachanaProfile | QampA
well ntn
its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming
future n ways ntn some tips from my side that will help yu improve yu ur english are
i Observe the mouth movements of those who speak English well and try to imitate them
When you are watching television observe the mouth movements of the speakers Repeat what they are saying whileimitating the intonation and rhythm of their speech
ii Until you learn the correct intonation and rhythm of English slow your speech down
If you speak too quickly and with the wrong intonation and rhythm native speakers will have a hard timeunderstanding you
Dont worry about your listener getting impatient with your slow speech -- it is more important that everything you say be understood
iii Listen to the music of English
Do not use the music of your native language when you speak English Each language has its own way of singing
iv Use the dictionary
Try and familiarise yourself with the phonetic symbols of your dictionary Look up the correct pronunciation of wordsthat are hard for you to say
v Make a list of frequently used words that you find difficult to pronounce and ask someone who speaks the languagewell to pronounce them for you
Record these words listen to them and practice saying them Listen and read at the same time
vi Buy books on tape
Record yourself reading some sections of the book Compare the sound of your English with that of the person readingthe book on the tape
vii Pronounce the ending of each word
Pay special attention to S and ED endings This will help you strengthen the mouth muscles that you use when youspeak English
viii Read aloud in English for 15-20 minutes every day
Research has shown it takes about three months of daily practice to develop strong mouth muscles for speaking a newlanguage
ix Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation mistakes
Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice and avoid listening to themselves speak However this is a veryimportant exercise because doing it will help you become conscious of the mistakes you are making
x Be patient
You can change the way you speak but it wont happen overnight People often expect instant results and give up toosoon You can change the way you sound if you are willing to put some effort into it
GOOD LUCK
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Answered by Anant-- an ibibo Master at 133 PM on October 09 2008
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Anant--Profile | QampA
BEST WAY ACCORDING TO ME IS READ DAILY ENGLISH NEWSPAPER IF U COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY ONE OXFORD DICTIONARY AND REFER MEANINGS AND IFU COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY MEANINGS CONVERSION OF ENGLISH TO UR MOTHER TONGUE THIS MAY TAKESOME TIME THERE WILL BE SOME IMPROVEMENT IN JUST 1 MONTH BETTER READ HINDU OR TIMES OF INDIAALL THE BEST
Answered by gyaneshwar an ibibo Citizen at 1258 PM on October 09 2008
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gyaneshwar Profile | QampA
Related Search
Meri english bahot hi weak haimain apni english kaise strong kar sakta hoonkis tarah fluentlyenglish bol sakta hoon
dearthe simple way to improve you english is to particehave you ever heard of the saying Parctise makes a man perfect so even when you you commit mistake try to learn from the mistake and rectify themand simple start askingquestion to people in Englishand if you want yo learn english donot fell embrace in the front of anyone and alsotry to read TIMES OF INDIAN
Posted in Self Development by naqeeb ahmar at 758 PM on March 17 2008Tags meri english bahot weak apni kaise strong sakta tarah fluently hoon
how to improve english plese tell me
to compose simple sentences in your mind when you are alone Stick on the idea you want to convey rather than thegrammar Speak to the native English speakers if possible Chatt with those in internet SearchI dont know the level of your english if you have basics the fun way of learning are english comics cartoon network in english or any english
movies comics will help you in speaking good english
Posted in Love amp Romance by Shiva Singh at 1015 PM on September 24 2008Tags improve english plese
How can i improve my Enlish speaking and writing both
their meanings and use them in your convesationListen to english newsFor writing read the books on letters essaysand storiesslowly you will get the idea of using english in your convenienceFinally findDear Ashok It is good you
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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want to improve your English First and foremost thing you need is YOU All you need to do is give quality time notthe quantity Do make a conscious effort and smart work
Posted in Self Development by ashok sharma at 626 AM on October 14 2008Tags improve enlish writing
how to use GPRS in china made mob prince A960
here most of gprs settings for most of mobile service operator India to enter in your phone mannulay Here you havemanual gprs settings for vodafone hutch idea airtel bsnl airtel live airtel mobile you can enter in your phone andconfigure mannuallyManual Idea gprs Settings1 Account Name - ideaGPRS2 Username - leave Blank3 Password -leave Blank4 Homepage - httpwapideafreshcom5
Posted in Computers amp Technology by vivek soni at 145 AM on June 13 2008Tags gprs help china mad mob
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i m Doing for Improve my englishgive me your best idea
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the
pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you canwell ntn its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming future n ways ntn some tips from my sidethat will help yu improve yu ur english are i Observe
Posted in Exams Education amp References by ntn jain at 939 PM on October 13 2008Tags want improve english improve best
what is html
they want Text is what you will use English letters just like you use everyday Markup is what you will do You willwrite in plain English and then mark up what you wrote Language Some may argue that technically html is a code
but you write html in plain everyday English languageHi RockyHTML is the code behind your webpage and is whatyour browser looks for to display a webpage the way the webdesigner
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Rocky at 258 PM on May 07 2008Tags html
how I improve my english speech
and be confidentYOU CAN DOWNLOAD A LOT OF SOFTWARES FROM INTERNET IT REALLY HELPSAND ANOTHER IDEA IS TO WATCH ENGLISH CHANNELS LIKE METRO NATION NDTV GOOD TIMESAND DONT FORGET TO WATCH NDTV DISCUSSIONSget to c more english movie join times classes on english
they improvise a lotEnglish can be improved by reading booksnewspaper by discussionsThese are certain tips toimprove english
Posted in Counselling by sagar gawde at 803 PM on February 14 2008Tags improve english speech
What is the best way to enhance skills in English Which is most best website which can help tolearn English from basic to a very high class
will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin thinking in English Listening to Native Speakers as Much asPossible is the good idea to enhance your English language skills Here are someFirst of all be motivated become a
person who likes to learn English Using as many different sources methods and tools as possible will allow you tolearn faster There are many different ways
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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Posted in Self Development by RAVINDRA at 644 PM on October 03 2008Tags best enhance skills website help learn english basic high
Who created the first mouse
to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThe first marketed integrated mouseshipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came from the resemblance of earlymodels which had a cord attached to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThefirst marketed integrated mouse shipped as a part
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Aryan Gusain at 212 PM on July 02 2008Tags created first mouse
Do you have any idea for FRANKLYN INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGE Its a spoken English Institutewhich gives Job Guarantee if anyone knows plz let me know
190A Maniktolla Main Road Kolkata-54 phone no 91-33-32401558 91-33-32428200 frankylnkkghotmailcomhi poonamur question gives an idea dat ur command on english is nt poor why u r lookingYou have heard rightFRANKLYN offers spoken english courses and there is also a lot of students pursuing courses there
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull its and its Its is a contraction that replaces it is or it has (see apostrophe) Its isthe possessive determiner corresponding to it meaning belonging to it
o Standard Its time to eat (it is time)
o Standard Its been nice getting to meet you (it has been)
o Standard My cell phone has poor reception because its antenna is broken
o Non-standard Its good to be the kingo Non-standard The bicycle tire had lost all of its pressure
bull irony Something is ironic if it is the opposite of what is appropriate expected or fitting
o Standard It is ironic that the center for the handicapped has no wheelchair
rampo Standard It is ironic that Alanis Morissette wrote a song called Ironic
with many examples not one of which is actually ironico Non-standard It is ironic that George W Bush is right-handed and
Republican while Bill Clinton is left-handed and Democratic
o Non-standard It is raining on our wedding day Is it not ironic
bull isle and aisle An isle is an island An aisle is corridor through which one may pass from one place to another
o Standard He came from a small isle in the Caribbean
o Standard The coffee is down the third aisle on the left
[edit] K to L
bull lay (lay laid laid laying ) and lie (lie lay lain lying ) are often usedsynonymously Lay is a transitive verb meaning that it takes an object To lay
something means to place something Lie on the other hand is intransitive andmeans to recline (and also to tell untruths but in this case the verb is regular andcauses no confusion) The distinction between these related verbs is further blurred by the fact that past tense of lie is lay An easy rule of thumb is to replacethe words with sit and set If sit makes sense (eg sit down) then lie should beused (lie down) If the sentence works with set (eg set the book on the table) thenlay should be used (lay the book on the table) To lie can also mean to not tell thetruth - but in that case the past tense is lied A layoff is never a lieoff or lyoff
o Standard I lay my husbands work clothes out for him every morning
Yesterday I decided to see if he paid attention to what I was doing so Ilaid out one white sock and one black He did not notice
o Standard You should not lie down right after eating a large mealYesterday I lay on my bed for half an hour after dinner and sufferedindigestion as a result My wife saw me lying there and made me get upshe told me that if I had waited for a couple of hours I could have laindown in perfect comfort
o Standard You lied to me there is no hidden chamber
o Non-standard Is this bed comfortable when you lay on it (Should be lie)
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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o Non-standard Yesterday I lied down in my office during the lunch hour
(Should be lay)o Non-standard There was no reason for him to have laid down in the
middle of the path it unnerved me to see him laying there saying nothing(Should be have lain down and him lying there)
o Non-standard Lie the baby down and change his diaper (Should be layas lie is intransitive)
o Non-standard It could be easy for those guys to lay down After I left
they could have just laid down[3] o Non-standard I am going to lay out in the sun and work on my tan
(Should be lie In general the term lay out when referring to sunbathing isalways non-standard usage)
o Non-standard Sorry I lay about our appointment yesterday (Should be
lied )o Non-standard You should not lay down right after eating a large meal
Yesterday I lied on my bed for half an hour after dinner and suffered
indigestion as a result My wife saw me laying there and made me get upshe told me that if I had waited for a couple of hours I could have lied
down in perfect comfort (Should be lie lay lying and lain)
bull levee and levy A levee is a structure built along a river to raise the height of its banks thereby preventing nearby land from flooding (see dike) To levy is toimpose (1) a tax fine or other assessment or (2) a military draft as a noun a levy
is an assessment or army thus gathered The two words share a common root butthey are not considered interchangeable in Standard English Because they arehomophones misuse is usually only apparent when observed in writing
o Standard The Netherlands is well known for its elaborate system of
leveeso Standard This statute allows the state to levy a 3 tax
o Non-standard Recent storms have weakened the levy
bull literally[4] A term used to emphasize that a statement is not metaphoricalfigurative or hyperbolic It is also commonly misused as an intensifier for metaphorical figurative or hyperbolic statements
o Standard The mayor is literally a convicted felon
o Non-standard The mayor is literally robbing us blind with this new tax
bull loathe and loath or loth Loathe is a verb meaning to strongly dislike and loath
or loth means unwilling or reluctanto Standard I loathe arrogant people
o Standard I was loath to concede defeat
o Standard I was loth to submit to a body-cavity search until I saw who
would be administering it
bull lose and loose Lose can mean fail to win misplace or cease to be in possession Loose can mean the opposite of tight or the opposite of tighten Lose
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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is often misspelled loose likely because lose has an irregular rhyme for the way itis spelled it is more common for words ending -ose to rhyme -əʊz like nose or rose but lose rhymes -u zː like news or confuse This may cause poor spellers toguess the correct spelling should match another -u z rhyming word likeː choosealthough choose is itself also an exception to the regular rhyme for words ending
-oose (typically such words including loose rhyme -u sː
like goose or caboose)o Standard We cannot afford to lose customers to our competitors
o Standard A screw is loose and I need a screwdriver to tighten it
o Non-standard If the team cannot score any points they will loose the
game
[edit] M
bull macerate marinate and marinade (From post-classical Latin marina brineshort for classical Latin aqua marina sea water)[5] In Standard English marinade
is a noun and not a verb marinate is the verb Macerate means to soften by
steeping in a liquid and in culinary terminology is used for non-protein itemsspecifically fruit [5] The word macerate is also used in science to soften bonerock etc in a liquid[5]
o Standard The meat will taste better if you marinate it in olive oil before
cookingo Standard Prepare the marinade by mixing vinegar and soy sauce
o Non-standard Marinade the meat in wine for half an hour
o Standard Macerate the fruit in wine for half an hour
o Non-standard Marinate the fruit in wine for half an hour
bull me myself and I In a traditional prescriptive grammar I is used only as a
subject me is used only as an object and myself is used only as a reflexive objectthat is to say when the subject is I and the object would otherwise be meMyself is often used incorrectly often in a form of hypercorrection Like the other reflexive pronouns myself should be used only when both the subject and objectof the verb are the speaker or as an emphatic pronoun (intensifier )
o Standard Jim and I took the train
o Standard He lent the books to Jim and me
o Standard That is I in the picture (This is very formal and seldom found
in speech)o Acceptable That is me in the picture (This is typical in informal English)
o Standard (intensifying) I myself have seen instances of that type
o Standard (reflexive) I hurt myself I did it to myself I played by myself Iwant to enjoy myself
o Non-standard Jim and me went into town
o Non-standard Me and Jim went into town
o Non-standard As for myself I prefer the red
o Non-standard He is an American like myself
o Non-standard He gave the paper to Jim and myself
o Non-standard My wife and myself do not like the development
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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o Non-standard I wake upWith my eyes shut tightHoping tomorrow will
never comeFor you and I (Should be For you and me) (From You AndI Part II by Fleetwood Mac)
bull mitigate and militate To mitigate is to make something milder To militate is to
fight or exert pressure for something to happen or not to happeno Standard The seriousness of your crime was mitigated by the provocation
you were undero Standard Over-protective practices in this factory militate against
increased efficiencyo Non-standard Over-protective practices in this factory mitigate against
increased efficiency
[edit] N to R
bull novice and novitiate A novice is a prospective or trainee member of a religious
order The novitiate is the state of being a novice or the time for which one is anovice However a novice monk or nun is often incorrectly described as anovitiate (perhaps confused with initiate)
bull of and have In some dialects of spoken English of and the contracted form of have ve sound alike However in standard written English they are notinterchangeable
o Standard Susan would have stopped to eat but she was running late
o Standard You could have warned me
o Non-standard I should of known that the store would be closed (Should
be I shouldve known)
bull overestimate and underestimate There is frequent confusion between thingsthat cannot and should not be overunderestimated though the meanings areopposite
o Standard The damage caused by pollution cannot be overestimated (ie it
is so enormous that no estimate however high is excessive)o Standard The damage caused by pollution should not be underestimated
(ie it is wrong to regard it as minor)o Non-standard The damage caused by pollution cannot be underestimated
(literal meaning it is so minimal that no estimate is too small Intendedmeaning one of the previous two)
bull past and passed Past refers to events that have previously occurred while passed is the past tense of to pass whether in a congressional action or a physical occurrence
o Standard Congress passed the bill limiting the powers of the President
o Standard History is mainly concerned with the events of the past
o Non-standard He past my house on his way to the store
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull peremptory and preemptive A peremptory act or statement is absolute it cannot be denied A preemptive action is one taken before an adversary can act
o Standard He issued a peremptory order
o Standard Preemptive air strikes stopped the enemy from launching the
new warship
bull perpetrate and perpetuate To perpetrate something is to commit it while to perpetuate is something is to cause it to continue or to keep happening
o Standard The gang perpetrated outrages against several citizens
o Standard The stories only serve to perpetuate the legend that the house is
haunted
bull perquisite and prerequisite Perquisite usually means an extra allowance or privilege Prerequisite means something required as a condition
o Standard He had all the perquisites of a movie star including a stand-in
o Standard Passing the examination was one of the prerequisites for a
teaching position
bull perspective and prospective Perspective is a view with correct visual anglesexample parallel railway tracks converging in the distance Prospective is afuture possibility or expectation
bull perspicuity and perspicacity If something is perspicuous it is easily understoodits meaning is obvious If one is perspicacious then one is quick to understand or has good insight
o Standard I admired her perspicacity she just seemed to get it so much
better than I
o Standard He expressed the idea so perspicuously that anyone couldunderstand
o Non-standard She spoke in a perspicacious way
bull peruse means to read or examine very carefully but is sometimes usederroneously when the exact opposite is meant to read superficially to glanceover quickly to skim
bull photogenic and photographic The former is to be used to mean someoneslikeness is particularly amenable to being well photographed The latter isanything pertaining to photography whether it is technical eg photographic
chemical or equipment or generic eg photographic journals
bull prescribe and proscribe To prescribe something is to command or recommendit To proscribe somebody or something is to outlaw him her or it
bull progeny and prodigy Progeny are offspring or things that follow something elseA prodigy is a genius or a marvelous example of something
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 1441
bull Quartary and quaternary Quartary (from Latin quartarius) is the fourthmember of an ordinal number word series beginning with (primary secondarytertiary) and continuing with (quintary sextary )[6] Quaternary (from Latinquaternarius) is the fourth member of a distributive number word series beginning with (singular binary ternary) and continuing with (quinary senary
septenary octonary centenary)[7][8]
In biology the non-standard usage Quaternary structure is so firmly entrenchedthat to refer to Quartary structure would be incorrect
bull redundant does not mean useless or unable to perform its function It meansthat there is an excess of something that something is surplus to requirementsand no longer needed or that it is obsolete
o Standard A new pill that will instantly cure any illness has made
antibiotics redundant (Antibiotics could still be used to cure illnesses butthey are no longer needed because a better pill has been invented)
o
Standard The week before Christmas the company made seventy-fiveworkers redundanto Non-standard Over-use of antibiotics risks making them redundant (This
should read over-use of antibiotics risks making them ineffective)
bull regimen and regiment A regimen is a system of order and may often refer to thesystematic dosing of medication A regiment is a military unit
o Standard The sick soldier was removed from his regiment
o Standard The sick soldier was ordered to complete a regimen of
amoxicillin
bull
reign and rein A reign refers to the rule of a monarch Reins are the straps usedto control the movements of an animal (typically a horse) Thus to take thereins means to assume control and to have free rein means to be free of constraints[9]
o Non-standard the Suns gave Sports Illustrateds Jack McCallum free
reign of practices[10] o Non-standard Bobby Jindal a whiz kid takes the reigns of Louisianas
Department of Health and Hospital[11]
[edit] S to T
bull sensual and sensuous Both words mean to do with the senses Sensual is moreoften applied to a pleasure or experience or to a persons character sensuous tosomeone or something of enticing appearance
o Standard Don Juan is the most sensual character in fiction
o Standard Ascetics believe in avoiding all sensual pleasures
o Standard Marilyn Monroe looks extremely sensuous in this film clip
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bull set and sit When used as a verb to set means to place or to adjust to a valuewhereas to sit means to be seated
o Standard Set the pot upon the stove
o Standard Set the temperature-control to 100 degC
o Non-standard Set down over there
o Non-standard Sit the pot on the stoveo Standard Sit on the chair
bull shrink and shirk To shirk means to consistently avoid to neglect to be tooafraid to engage To shrink means to contract to become physically smaller insize also to shrink away means to suddenly jerk away from something inhorror However to shrink from may also mean to hesitate or show reluctancetoward
o Standard I will not shirk discussion
o Standard I will not shrink from discussion
o Standard She shrank away from me
o Non-standard I will not shrink discussiono Non-standard I will not shirk from discussion
bull sight site and cite A sight is something seen a site is a place To cite is to quoteor list as a source
o Standard You are a sight for sore eyes
o Standard I found a list of the sights of Rome on a tourist site
o Standard Please cite the sources you used in your essay
o Standard You must travel to the site of the dig to see the dinosaur bones
o Standard It is necessary to have line-of-sight if you want to use
semaphore
o Non-standard One must be careful on a construction sighto Non-standard I will site the book in which I saw the statistics
o Non-standard I could not fire because I did not have line-of-site to the
target
bull temblor and trembler A temblor is an earthquake A trembler is something thattrembles
bull than and then Than is a grammatical particle and preposition associated withcomparatives whereas then is an adverb and a noun In certain dialects the twowords are usually homophones because they are function words with reduced
vowels and this may cause speakers to confuse themo Standard I like pizza more than lasagne
o Standard We ate dinner then went to the movies
o Non-standard You are a better person then I am
bull there their theyre and therere There refers to the location of somethingTheir means belonging to them Theyre is a contraction of They are Therere
is a contraction of there are[citation needed ]
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o Standard Therere five of them and theyre all coming to the restaurant for
their dinner we will meet them there
bull theres wheres etc A common spoken mistake is using a singular contractionwhen it should be plural in words like theres and wheres This stems from the
fact that therere and wherere are more difficult to enunciate and are oftenavoided for that reason in colloquial speecho Non-standard Wheres the cars (Should be Wherere)
o Non-standard Theres many types of cars (Should be Therere)
bull to too Too means in excess or also To is a preposition or is a part of a verbin the infinitive At the end of a sentence to may also refer to a dropped verb inthe infinitive
bull trimester A trimester is a period of three months[12][13] Because it is mostcommonly used in conjunction with a nine-month academic year [14] or a nine-
month term of human pregnancy[15]
it is sometimes wrongly assumed thattrimester is simply a synonym for one third[16][17] o Standard One calendar year contains four trimesters
o Non-standard Without further delay then comes ESPNcoms annual
(and overdue) First Trimester Report ushering folks back to the office bytaking stock of the seasons opening third[18]
[edit] U to Z
bull venal and venial These words are sometimes confused venal means corruptable to be bribed or for sale venial means pardonable not serious[2][19]
o Standard According to Catholic doctrine eating meat on a Friday is avenial sin but murder is a mortal sin
o Standard All ages have examples of venal politicians
bull warranty and warrantee A warranty is a legal assurance that some object can perform some specified task or meets certain quality standards A warrantee is the person who benefits from a warranty The verb form is warrant Confusion herecan stem from guarantee and the less common guaranty which have similar meanings
o Standard Most new cars come with at least a three-year warranty
o Standard I guarantee that you will make a return on your investment
o Non-standard Your mobile phone has stopped working Maybe you needto claim under the warrantee
bull whose and whos Whose is an interrogative word (Whose is this) or a relative pronoun (The people whose house you admired) whos is a contraction for whois or who has
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bull wont and wont Wont is a contraction for will not while wont is a wordmeaning accustomed or inclined to (as an adjective) or habit or custom (as anoun)
o Standard He wont let me drive his car
o Standard He spent the morning reading as he was wont to do
o Standard He took a walk in the evening as was his wonto Non-standard I wont need to go to the supermarket after all
bull youre and your While they sound the same in many dialects in standard writtenEnglish they have separate meanings Youre is a contraction for you are and your is a possessive pronoun meaning belonging to you When in doubt just seewhether the word in question can logically be expanded to you are
o Standard When driving always wear your seatbelt
o Standard If youre going out please be home by ten oclock
o Non-standard Youre mother called this morning
o Non-standard Your the first person to notice my new haircut today
bull aggravate ndash Some prescriptivists have argued that this word should not be used inthe sense of to annoy or to oppress but only to mean to make worseHowever this proscription against to annoy is not rooted in history Accordingto AHDI the annoy usage occurs in English as far back as the 17th centuryfurthermore in Latin from which the word was borrowed both meanings wereused[1] Sixty-eight percent of AHD4s Usage Panel approves of its use in Its theendless wait for luggage that aggravates me the most about air travel [2] M-Wmentions that while aggravate in the sense of to rouse to displeasure or anger byusually persistent and often petty goading has been around since the 17thcentury disapproval of that usage only appeared around 1870[3] RH states in its
usage note under aggravate that The two most common senses of aggravate areto make worse and to annoy or exasperate Both senses first appeared in theearly 17th century at almost the same time the corresponding two senses of thenoun aggravation also appeared then Both senses of aggravate and aggravation
have been standard since then[4] Chambers cites this usage as colloquial andthat it is well established especially in spoken English although it is sometimesregarded as incorrect[5]
o Disputed usage Its the endless wait for luggage that aggravates me the
most about air travelo Undisputed usage Being hit on the head by a falling brick aggravated my
already painful headache
bull aint ndash originally a contraction of am not this word is widely used as areplacement for arent isnt havent and hasnt as well While aint hasexisted in the English language for a very long time and it is a common normalword in many dialects in both North America and the British Isles it is not a partof standard English and its use in formal writing is not recommended by mostusage commentators Its unselfconscious use in speech may tend to mark thespeaker as uneducated Nevertheless aint is used by educated speakers and
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writers for deliberate effect what Oxford American Dictionary describes astongue-in-cheek or reverse snobbery and what Merriam-Webster Collegiate
calls emphatic effect or a consistently informal style[6]
bull alibi ndash Some prescriptivists argue this cannot be used in the non-legal sense of
an explanation or excuse to avoid blame or justify action AHD4 notes that thisusage was acceptable to almost half[7] of the Usage Panel while most opposedthe words use as a verb M-W mentions no usage problems listing the disputedmeaning second to its legal sense without comment OED cites the non-legal nounand verb usages as colloquial and orig[inally] US[8] Chambers deems this usecolloquial[9]
bull alright ndash An alternate to all right that some consider illiterate but others allowRH says that it probably arose in analogy with other similar words such asaltogether and already it does concede the use in writing as informal and thatall right is used in more formal edited writing[10] AHD4 flags alright as
nonstandard
[11]
and comments that this unacceptance (compared to altogether etc) is peculiar and may be due to its relative recentness (altogether andalready date back to the Middle Ages alright only a little over a century)[12]
Chambers refers to varying levels of formality of all right deeming alright to bemore casual it recommends the use of all right in writing for readers who are precise about the use of language[13]
bull also ndash Some prescriptivists contend this word should not be used to begin asentence AHD4 says 63 percent of the Usage Panel found acceptable theexample The warranty covers all power-train components Also participating dealers back their work with a free lifetime service guarantee[14] See also and amp
but below
bull alternate ndash In British English this adjective means according to OED and other sources switching between two options or similar It does not mean the same asalternative (see next) which OED specifically marks as an American meaning of alternate In international English it is thus thought better to observe the Britishdistinction then the meanings of alternative and alternate will be clear toeveryone (See meanings given at M-W the same applies to the adverbsalternately and alternatively)
bull alternative ndash Some prescriptivists argue that alternative should be used onlywhen the number of choices involved is exactly two While AHD4 allows thewords longstanding use to mean one of a number of things from which only onecan be chosen and the acceptance of this usage by many language critics it goeson to state that only 49 of its Usage panel approves of its use as in Of the threealternatives the first is the least distasteful[15] Neither M-W[16] nor RH[17]
mentions any such restriction to a choice of two Chambers qualifies its definitionas referring to strictly speaking two but often used of more than two possibilities[18]
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bull ampm ndash These are Latin abbreviations for the adverbial phrases antemeridiem (before noon) and post meridiem (after noon) Some prescriptivistsargue that they thus should not be used in English as nouns meaning morningand afternoon however such use is consistent with ordinary nominalizationfeatures of English AHD4 lists adjectival usage with an AM appointment [19]
and a PM appointment[20]
RH gives Shall we meet Saturday am[19]
withoutcomment it gives no corresponding example at pm so that usage can only beextrapolated Also the National Institute of Standards and Technology (nd)contends it is incorrect to use 12 am or 12 pm to mean either noon or midnight
bull amongamongst and between ndash The traditionalist view is that between shouldonly be used when there are only two objects for comparison and among or amongst should be used for more than two objects Most style guides anddictionaries do not support this advice saying that between can be used to refer tosomething that is in the time space or interval that separates more than two itemsM-W says that the idea that between can be used only of two items is persistent
but unfounded
[21]
and AHD4 calls it a widely repeated but unjustified tradition[22] The OED says In all senses between has been from its earliest appearanceextended to more than two[23] Chambers says It is acceptable to use between
with reference to more than two people or things although does state that among
may be more appropriate in some circumstances[24] o Undisputed usage I parked my car between the two telegraph poles
o Undisputed usage Youll find my brain between my ears
o Disputed usage The duck swam between the reeds
o Disputed usage They searched the area between the river the farmhouse
and the woodso Undisputed usage We shared the money evenly amongst the three of us
o
Disputed usage We shared the money between Tom Dick and meo Undisputed usage My house was built among the gum trees
bull amount ndash Some prescriptivists argue amount should not be substituted for number They recommend the use of number if the thing referred to is countableand amount only if it is uncountable While RH acknowledges the traditionaldistinction between amount and number it mentions that [a]lthough objected tothe use of amount instead of number with countable nouns occurs in both speechand writing especially when the noun can be considered as a unit or group (theamount of people present the amount of weapons) or when it refers to money(the amount of dollars paid the amount of pennies in the till)[25] (see also less)
o
Disputed usage I was amazed by the amount of people who visited mywebsite (With knowledge of the exact number)o Undisputed usage The number of people in the lift must not exceed 10
o Undisputed usage I was unimpressed by the amount of water consumed
by the elephant
bull and ndash Some prescriptivists argue that sentences should not begin with the wordand on the argument that as a conjunction it should only join clauses within a
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sentence AHD4 states that this stricture has been ridiculed by grammarians for decades and ignored by writers from Shakespeare to Joyce Carol Oates[26] RHstates Both and and but and to a lesser extent or and so are common astransitional words at the beginnings of sentences in all types of speech andwriting it goes on to suggest that opposition to this usage probably stems from
the overuse of such sentences by inexperienced writers[27]
ENCARTA opinesthat said opposition comes from too literal an understanding of the joiningfunction of conjunctions and states that any overuse is a matter of poor style notgrammatical correctness[28] COED calls the usage quite acceptable[29] Manyverses of the King James Bible begin with and as does William Blakes poem And did those feet in ancient time (aka Jerusalem) Fowlers Modern EnglishUsage defends this use of and Chambers states that Although it is sometimesregarded as poor style it is not ungrammatical to begin a sentence with and [30]
See also also above and but below
bull anxious ndash Some prescriptivists argue that this word should only be used in the
sense of worried or worrisome (compare anxiety) but it has been used inthe sense of eager for over 250 years 52 of AHD4s Usage Panel accepts itsuse in the sentence We are anxious to see the new show of contemporarysculpture at the museum Also it suggests that the use of anxious to mean eager
may be mild hyperbole as the use of dying in the sentence Im dying to see your new baby[31] RH states bluntly that its use in the sense of eageris fullystandard[32] M-W defines anxious as 3 ardently or earnestly wishing ltanxiousto learn moregt synonym see EAGER[33] Chambers gives 3 very eager bullanxious to do well[34]
[edit] B
bull barbaric and barbarous mdash Barbaric applies to the culture of barbarians and may be positive (barbaric splendor) barbarous applies to the behavior of barbariansand is negative (barbarous cruelty) This is standard English usage HoweverM-W equates the third meaning of barbaric with the third of barbarous thatis mercilessly harsh or cruel[35] COD11 and Chambers list savagely cruel andcruel and brutal excessively harsh or vicious[36] respectively as the first
meanings for barbaric Only AHD4 disallows this usage and without comment[37]
o Undisputed The environment of the venue was barbaric
o Undisputed Terrorism is barbarous
o Disputed Capital punishment is a disgusting barbaric measure
bull begging the question In logic begging the question is another term for petitio
principii or arguing in a circle in other words making assumptions in advanceabout the very issue in dispute Now often used to mean simply leading to thequestion
o Undisputed You argue that Christianity must be true because the Bible
says so Isnt that begging the question
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o Disputed You want to go to the theatre That begs the question which day
we should go
bull but ndash Some prescriptivists argue that if and should not be used to begin sentencesthen neither should but These words are both conjunctions thus they believe that
they should be used only to link clauses within a sentence AHD4 states that itmay be used to begin a sentence at all levels of style [38]
[edit] C
bull can and may ndash Some prescriptivists argue that can refers to possibility and may
refers to permission and insist on maintaining this distinction although usage of can to refer to permission is pervasive in spoken and very frequent in writtenEnglish M-W notes Can and may are most frequently interchangeable in sensesdenoting possibility because the possibility of ones doing something may (or can) depend on anothers acquiescence they have also become interchangeable in
the sense denoting permission The use of can to ask or grant permission has beencommon since the 19th century and is well established although somecommentators feel may is more appropriate in formal contexts May is relativelyrare in negative constructions (maynt is not common) cannot and cant are usualin such contexts[39] AHD4 echoes this sentiment of formality noting that only21 of the Usage Panel accepted can in the example Can I take another week tosubmit the application[40] For its part OED labels the use of can for may ascolloquial[41]
bull comprise ndash Comprise means to consist of A second meaning to compose or constitute is sometimes attacked by usage writers However it is supported as
sense 3 along with a usage note in M-W[42] and although AHD4 notes the usageas a usage problem its usage note says Our surveys show that opposition tothis usage is abating In the 1960s 53 percent of the Usage Panel found this usageunacceptable in 1996 only 35 percent objected[43]
o Undisputed usage The English Wikipedia comprises more than two
million articleso Disputed usage The English Wikipedia comprises of more than two
million articleso Disputed usage The English Wikipedia is comprised of more than two
million articleso Disputed usage More than two million articles comprise the English
Wikipediao Disputed usage Diatoms comprise more than 70 of all phytoplankton
o Undisputed usage Diatoms constitute more than 70 of all
phytoplanktono Disputed usage Those in the industry have mostly scoffed at the young
inexperienced Carter and the rest of the high school pals that comprise thecompany[44]
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Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] D
bull deprecate ndash The original meaning in English is deplore or express disapproval
of (the Latin from which the word derives means pray to avert evil suggestingthat some event would be a calamity) The word is now also used to mean playdown belittle or devalue a shift that some prescriptivists disapprove of as itsuggests the word is being confused with the similar word depreciate in factAHD4 states that in this sense deprecate has almost completely supplanteddepreciate however a majority of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved thissense[45] Its use with the approximate meaning to declare obsolete in computer jargon is also sometimes condemned
bull diagnose ndash Cochrane (2004) states that to diagnose [someone] with a disease isan incorrect usage of the verb diagnose which takes the physician as subject and
a disease as object (eg to diagnose cancer) In American English according toAHD4[46] and M-W[47] the sense of diagnose [someone] with a disease is listedwithout comment or tag however for its part RH does not list such a usage withor without comment For British English COD11 offers identify the medicalcondition of (someone) she was diagnosed as having epilepsy (2004) this usagehowever did not appear in editions as recently as the 1990s Chambers does notoffer this sense at all[48]
o Disputed usage Mr Smith was diagnosed with diabetes
o Undisputed usage The doctor diagnosed diabetes
bull different ndash Standard usage in both Britain and America is different from (on the
analogy of to differ from) In Britain this competes with different to (coinedon the analogy of similar to) In America it competes with different than(coined on the analogy of other than) Different to is also found in IrishAustralian and New Zealand English
o Undisputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different
from the Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different to the
Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different than
the British
bull disinterested ndash Standard usage is as a word for unbiased but some have alsorendered it synonymous with uninterested or apathetic
o Undisputed usage As their mutual best friend I tried to remain
disinterested in their argument so as not to anger eithero Disputed usage The key to attracting a member of the opposite sex is to
balance between giving attention to him or her and appearingdisinterested
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bull due to ndash The adjectival use of due to is undisputed Its adverbial use howeverhas been a subject of dispute for many years as witnessed by several (especiallyUS) dictionary usage notes that in the end designate it as standard WilliamStrunk in his Elements of style labelled the disputed adverbial use of due to asincorrect [49] Although the first (1926) edition of FOWLER condemned the
adverbial use as common only among the illiterate the third (1996) editionsaid Opinion remains sharply divided but it begins to look as if this use of due
to will form part of the natural language of the 21C as one more example of aforgotten battle Due to is frequently used in place of from for with of because
of and other prepositions Undisputed synonyms for due to are caused by andattributable to
o Disputed usage He died due to cancer (He died of cancer)
o Disputed usage Due to the end of the Second War circumstances altered
profoundly (With the end of the Second War circumstances altered profoundly)
o Disputed usage The project failed due to lack of funds (The project
failed for lack of funds) o Undisputed usage His death was due to cancer
o Undisputed usage Many thought the problem was due to mismanagement
[edit] E
bull enormity ndash Frequently used as a synonym for enormousness or immensity but traditionally means extreme wickedness According to AHD4 thisdistinction has not always occurred historically but is now supported by 59 of the dictionarys Usage Panel[50] COD11 states that enormity as a synonym for hugeness is now broadly accepted as standard English Although Chambers lists
immenseness or vastness as a meaning it says it should not be used in thatsense commenting that it is encountered often because the word enormousness isawkward it recommends using instead another word such as hugeness greatness etc[51]
o Disputed usage The enormity of the elephant astounded me
o Traditional usage The enormity of Stalins purges astounds me
[edit] F
bull farther and further ndash Many prescriptivists adhere to the rule that farther only
should refer to matters of physical distance or position while further should bereserved for usages involving time or degree (as well as undisputed descriptionsof moreover and in addition)
o Disputed usage San Jose is further from LA than Santa Barbara
o Disputed usage LA was a couple hours farther from home than I
expectedo Disputed usage If her fever increases any farther I will call the doctor
o Undisputed usage I would like to discuss the issue further at a later time
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bull fortuitously ndash Used by some interchangeably with fortunately strictly speaking fortuitousness is a reference to an occurrence depending on chance M-W notesthat use of the word in sense of fortunate has been in standard use for at least 70years and notes that the sense of coming or happening by a lucky chance isvirtually unnoticed by usage critics[52][clarification needed ]
[edit] G
bull gender ndash Gender is often used interchangeably with sex in the sense of the biological or social quality male and female It is never used to refer to sexualintercourse
o Gender traditionally refers to grammatical gender a feature in the
grammar of a number of different languages Some prescriptivists arguethat its use as a euphemism for sex is to be avoided as a genteelismFowler (p 211) says it is used either as a jocularityor a blunder
o Sex and gender can be used in different but related senses with sex
referring to biological characteristics and gender to social roles andexpectations based on sex Use of gender as interchangeable with or as areplacement for sex may confuse readers who draw this distinction See
gender identity gender role
[edit] H
bull hoi polloi ndash The question surrounding hoi polloi is whether it is appropriate to usethe article the preceding the phrase it arises because hoi is the Greek word for the in the phrase and classical purists complain that adding the makes the phrase
redundant the the common people Foreign phrases borrowed into English areoften reanalyzed as single grammatical units requiring an English article inappropriate contexts AHD4 says The Arabic element al- means the andappears in English nouns such as alcohol and alchemy Thus since no one wouldconsider a phrase such as the alcohol to be redundant criticizing the hoi polloi onsimilar grounds seems pedantic[53]
bull hopefully ndash Some prescriptivists argue this word should not be used as anexpression of confidence in an outcome however M-W classes hopefully withother words such as interestingly frankly and unfortunately (which areunremarkably used in a similar way) as disjuncts and describes this usage as
entirely standard
[54]
AHD4 however notes that opposition to this usage by their usage panels has grown from 56 to 73 despite support for similar disjuncts(such as 60 support for the use of mercifully in Mercifully the game ended before the opponents could add another touchdown to the lopsided score) AHD4opines that this opposition is not to the use of these adverbs in general but thatthis use of hopefully has become a shibboleth[55] OED lists this usage withoutany colloquial or other label other than to say Avoided by many writers[56]
See also the discussion of hopefully as a dangling modifier One investigation in
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modern corpora on Language Log revealed that outside fiction where it stillrepresents 40 of all uses (the other qualifying primarily speech and gazes)disjunct uses account for the vast majority (over 90) of all uses of the word[57]
o Disputed usage Hopefully Ill get that scholarship
o Undisputed usage The prisoner thought hopefully about the prospect for
escape when he realized the guards accidentally left his cell unlocked
Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] L
bull less ndash Some prescriptivists argue that less should not be substituted for fewer Merriam-Webster notes The traditional view is that less applies to matters of degree value or amount and modifies collective nouns mass nouns or nounsdenoting an abstract whole while fewer applies to matters of number and modifies plural nouns Less has been used to modify plural nouns since the days of King
Alfred and the usage though roundly decried appears to be increasing Less ismore likely than fewer to modify plural nouns when distances sums of moneyand a few fixed phrases are involved ltless than 100 milesgt ltan investment of less
than $2000gt ltin 25 words or lessgt and as likely as fewer to modify periods of time ltin less (or fewer ) than four hoursgt[58]
o Disputed usage This lane 12 items or less
o Undisputed usage We had fewer players on the team this season
o Undisputed usage There is less water in the tank now
bull like and as ndash Some prescriptivists object to the use of like as a conjunction statingit is rather a preposition and that only as would be appropriate in this
circumstance M-W however cites likes use as a conjunction as standard sincethe 14th century and opines that opposition to it is perhaps more heated thanrational (see M-Ws entry like [7 conjunction]) AHD4 says Writers sinceChaucers time have used like as a conjunction but 19th-century and 20th-centurycritics have been so vehement in their condemnations of this usage that a writer who uses the construction in formal style risks being accused of illiteracy or worse and recommends using as in formal speech and writing[59] OED does nottag it as colloquial or nonstandard but notes Used as conj[unction] = like asas Now generally condemned as vulgar or slovenly though examples may befound in many recent writers of standing[60] Chambers lists the conjunctive useas colloquial[61]
o Undisputed usage He is an American as am Io Undisputed usage He is an American like me
o Undisputed usage It looks as if this play will be a flop
o Undisputed usage This play looks like a flop
o Disputed usage He is an American like I am
o Disputed usage It looks like this play will be a flop
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bull literally ndash Some prescriptivists argue literally should not be used as a mereemphatic unless the thing to which it refers is actually true It is used todisambiguate a possible metaphorical interpretation of a phrase M-W does notcondemn the second use which means in effect or virtually but says the useis pure hyperbole intended to gain emphasis but it often appears in contexts
where no additional emphasis is necessary[62]
o Disputed usage The party literally went with a bang (No it did not
unless there was an actual loud noise)o Undisputed usage I literally ran more than 25 miles today I ran a
marathon
bull loan ndash The use of loan as a verb meaning to give out a loan is disputed withlend being preferred for the verb form AHD4 flatly states [t]he verb loan is wellestablished in American usage and cannot be considered incorrect[63] M-W statesloan is entirely standard as a verb[64] RH says Sometimes mistakenlyidentified as an Americanism loan as a verb meaning to lend has been used in
English for nearly 800 years it further states that objections to this use arecomparatively recent[65] Chambers defines the verb loan as to lend (especiallymoney)[66] OED merely states Now chiefly US[67] and COD11 includes themeaning without tag or comment
o Undisputed usage I lent him some money
o Undisputed usage Fill out the paperwork for a loan
o Disputed usage I loaned him some money
[edit] M
bull may and might ndash May should only be used where the event in question is still
possible not for something that was possible in the past or for a hypothetical present possibility Might is properly the past tense form of may (In similar fashion could should and would are all past tense forms for can shalland will respectively)
o Undisputed usage My brother may have gone to China last week
( perhaps he did )o Disputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother may have gone
to China last week (but he didnt )o Undisputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother might have
gone to China last weeko Disputed usage He thought it may be true (but it wasnt )
o Undisputed usage He thought it might be true
bull meet ndash Some prescriptivists state that as a transitive verb in the context to cometogether by chance or arrangement meet (as in meet (someone)) does not requirea preposition between verb and object the phrase meet with (someone) is deemedincorrect Chambers flags this usage US[68] RH allows it in the sense of to joinas for conference or instruction I met with her an hour a day until we solved the problem[69] On the other hand none of M-W AHD4 or COD11 entertains this
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usage NOTE In the sense of fulfilling prerequisites or criteria (We met with theentry requirements) or that of encountering (Our suggestions may meet with
opposition the soldiers met with machine-gun fire) the verb phrase meet with isnot in dispute
o Disputed usage I will meet with you tonight
o
Undisputed usage I will meet you tonight
bull momentarily ndash Traditionally momentarily means for a moment but its use tomean in a moment is sometimes disputed M-W[70] and RH[71] give this latter usage a standard entry without comment while OED[72] and Chambers[73] tag itNAmer AHD4 has a usage note indicating that 59 of their Usage Paneldeems this usage unacceptable[74]
o Disputed usage Your feature presentation will begin momentarily
o Undisputed usage The flash from the atom bomb momentarily lit up the
night sky
[edit] N
bull nauseous ndash Traditionally nauseous means causing nausea (synonymous withnauseating) it is commonly used now as a synonym for queasy that ishaving the feeling of nausea AHD4 notes the traditional view stating that 72 of the Usage Panel preferred nauseated over nauseous to mean affected withnausea however 88 of that same panel preferred nauseating to nauseous tomean causing nausea in other words a maximum of only 28 prefersnauseous in either case It also states that in common usage nauseous issynonymous with nauseated but deems this usage incorrect[75] M-W howeverasserts that [t]hose who insist that nauseous is an error for nauseated are
mistaken[76] Both M-W and AHD4 accept that nauseous is supplantingnauseated for feeling nausea and in turn being replaced by nauseating for causing nausea in general usage they only differ on the correctness of thechange RH states The two literal senses of nauseous [] appear in English atalmost the same time in the early 17th century and both senses are in standard useat the present time Nauseous is more common than nauseated in the senseaffected with nausea despite recent objections by those who imagine the sense to be new[77] CHAMBERS lists the sense of causing nausea first and affected withnausea second[78] while COD11 gives the affliction first and causation second both dictionaries list the entries without comment OED goes further tagging itsnauseated usage as Orig[inally] US but demoted its nauseating usage to
literary OED also notes that the original (now obsolete) sense of the word inEnglish was inclined to sickness or nausea squeamish[79] Curiously this oldestseventeenth-century meaning (inclined to nausea) while distinct from thedisputed twentieth-century usage (afflicted by nausea) more closely resemblesthe latter than it does the prescribed meaning (causing nausea)
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseous
o Disputed usage That smell is making me nauseous
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseating
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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future tense (The supervisor will be back presently)[80] M-W mentions the samevintage for the sense of now and that it is not clear why it is objectionable[81]
AHD4 states that despite its use nowadays in literate speech and writing thatthere is still lingering prejudice against this use In the late 1980s only 50 of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved of the sentence General Walters is hellip
presently the United States Ambassador to the United Nations[82]
COD11 lists both usages without comment CHAMBERS merely flags the sense of now asN Amer especially US[83]
o Disputed usage I am presently reading Wikipedia
o Undisputed usage I will be finished with that activity presently
[edit] R
bull refute ndash The traditional meaning of refute is disprove or dispel with reasoned
arguments It is now often used as a synonym for deny The latter sense islisted without comment by M-W[84] and AHD4[85] while CHAMBERS tags it ascolloquial[86] COD11 states that Traditionalists object to [the use of refute asdeny] but it is now widely accepted in standard English However RH does notmention this use at all[87]
bull relatively ndash Literally meaning compared to some now use relatively to meanmoderately or somewhat AHD4 does not list this usage at all [88] M-W hasapparently blended the two usages in one[89]
o Disputed usage That man was relatively annoying
o Undisputed usage Though relatively harmless when compared to
dimethylmercury mercury (II) oxide is still quite toxic
[edit] S
bull Scotch Scots and Scottish ndash Formerly English people used Scotch whereScottish people used Scottish The current convention is as follows
o Scottish for people
o Scotch for things (especially whisky)
o Scots for institutions (Scots law Scots language)
bull
seek ndash This means look for but is used to mean try or want This usage iscriticised by Fowler in the entry Formal Words
o Disputed usage we did seek to resolve the Iraq crisis by peaceful
means those who seek to emulate his legacy of murder the Liberalsseek to undermine that future[attribution needed ]
o Undisputed usage Seek and ye shall find
[edit] T
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3041
bull than mdash Than is the subject of a longstanding dispute as to its status as a preposition or conjunction see than For the disputed construction different thansee Different
bull they mdash Prescriptivists regard this as a plural pronoun that uses a third person
plural verb conjugation (see below they show) but the word is now commonlyused especially in speech and informal writing as a non-gender-specific third- person singular pronoun (which modern English otherwise lacks) Alternativesinclude he or she and generic he Some writers argue that generic he isgeneric (as the name implies) and thus includes both sexes Others find it sexist or too old-fashioned The pronouns you or one can be used in some sentences
o Disputed usage A person is rude if they show no respect for their hosts
o Undisputed usage One is rude if one shows no respect for ones hosts
o Undisputed usage It is rude not to show respect for hosts
o Undisputed usage Many people have told me that they are satisfied with
their food
bull thusly mdash Thusly (AHD4 suggests) was originally coined by educated writers tomake fun of uneducated persons trying to sound genteel[90] Thusly howeverdiffused into popular usage Some people accept it as an adverb in its own rightwhile others believe thus should be used in all cases The word thusly appearswith no associated usage notes in M-W[91] COD11 tags it as informal with theentry thus tagged as literary or formal CHAMBERS does not list the word atall and it is unknown in British usage[92]
[edit] U
bull unique ndash Some prescriptivists argue that unique only means sole or unequaled (British spelling unequalled) but most dictionaries give a thirdmeaning unusual which can be qualified by very or somewhat as in Thetheme of the party was somewhat unique see comparison Almost unique isuniversally acceptable[citation needed ]
[edit] W
bull
whilst and while mdash Penguin Working Words recommends while only and notesthat whilst is old-fashioned Cambridge Guide to English Usage and M-WsWebsters Guide to English Usage comment on its regional character and notethat it is rare in American usage It is thus safer to use only while in internationalEnglish (See the article While for further sources deprecating the use of whilst and cautioning about uses of while)
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3141
bull who mdash Some prescriptivists argue that who should be used only as a subject pronoun the corresponding object pronoun being whom Strictly speakingusing who instead of whom is substituting a subjective pronoun for an objective pronoun and hence is the same as using she instead of her (eg I talked to she
today) Most people never use whom in spoken English and instead use who for
all cases Those who use whom in everyday speech may recognize substitution of who as substandard FOWLER has an extensive entry on who and whom
including several quotes from major publications where whom is used incorrectlyo Undisputed usage You are talking to whom
o Disputed usage You are talking to who
o Undisputed usage To whom are you talking
o Disputed usage To who are you talking
o Disputed usage far more hostile to Diana whom she believes betrayed
the Prince of WalesmdashIndependent Mag 1993 (FOWLER)o Undisputed usage far more hostile to Diana who she believes betrayed
the Prince of Wales
o Disputed usage Whom do men say that I am (Mark 927 King JamesVersion)
bull whoever mdash This extension of who (see above) along with its object formwhomever is attended by the same uncertainties as who along with whom and isdiscussed in the same sources (See the relevant section at Who)
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever wants it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever you think should have it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whomever you choose to give it
o Disputed usage Give it to whoever you choose to give it to
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever wants it
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever you think should have it
Module - Pair work - Asking questions to yourpartner
Hey
with Group 2 we first talked a little about food at the beginning of the class as awarm up And here is what we said
to be written by Franc
Then today was the first day that we worked in pairs You had to find informationabout superhero characters asking questions to your partner
Here are the two worksheets if you still need to complete them
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW you need to be able to speak about the picture of a super hero + speak about
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their story + give the common points between all the super heroes presented Yourpresentation will last about 3 to 5 minutes You can send me some drafts (brouillon)if neededBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - Tale LV2
Southern Trees - beginning of the study
Hey
today we first warmed up about your future jobs while waiting for those who werelate Here is what you said
I would like to become an architect when I leave highschool (Selma)I want to study law to be a lawyer maybe ( Jeacuterocircme)
Structures WANT TO WOULD LIKE TO -- Attention aux noms de meacutetiers quisont preacuteceacutedeacutes de larticle aan
Then we did a quick recap about what Jim Crow laws used to be Here is what wesaid
bull Jim Crow Laws
These were laws about racial segregation until the end of the 1960sBlacks were not allowed to go to school with Whites
Blacks were not allowed to attend school with WhitesBlacks were forbidden to live together there were separate water
fountains rest rooms or entrances at restaurantsThey were prohibited to sit at the front of a bus
bull KKK(1865-)
white Protestantssupremacy of the white race
white costumesterrorism and violence to oppress Blacks
Finally we listened to the text and we started our general comprehesion by
highlighting the important information about the type of document the places thetime Here is what we wrote
bull Text Southern Trees
- type of doc extract from the autobiographic novel of Billie Holliday- who Billie Holliday Lewis Allen piano player of Billie Pop audience bitch
- where in New-York at Cafe Society on 52nd Street Miami Los Angeles
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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- when published in 1956
HW you need to finish answering the usual wh- questions about the text (inparticular about the feelings of the characters involved) You also need to divide thetext into 2 parts give them a title and justify your titles
NB you will have a vocabulary test next week with the words from the lesson andthe words from the tool box p 53 You may also have a test about the text andabout racial discrimination in the US on Wednesday It will depend on how far we areinto the study of the document Southern TreesBy English Prof
Enter comment - View comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Spiderman - Page 3
This morning with the whole class we first warmed up with why I was a little late inclass Here is what we wrote
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
Then we studied the last page from Spiderman
There was a secretary for each person that spoke about a panel Here are the notesthat we took while they were speaking
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
HW you will be able to speak about the document at the beginning of the class in arow (dun seul trait )You can download the last page here
By English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Oral tests about picture presentation + Lastsuperhero activity in pair work
Hey
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today in module I asked you to speak about the picture p 152 that you had tocomment You need to improve your analysis Ill be asking other students next timeagain
Here is an example of presentation Its not perfect but its a rather good one
The document is a picture where there are two parts In the first part wecan see a white family at the bottom who is sitting in a garden They looksurprised and they are looking at the second family who feels happy and
impressed Contrary to the white family they are standing and clad with
their traditional dress Its a black family
To me the scene takes place in the USA and the goal of this picture is todenounce discrimination which treats people differently in society
The photographer aims at criticizing segregation In this photo theseparation is represented by the fence which is separating Africans from
Americans Segregation in the 20th century in America was when the Blacksand the Whites couldnt blend
To my mind this picture is a good representation of discrimination MartinLuther King and Rosa Park are the symbols of this conflict When I see somepeople wanted to change society and make people aware of these
inequalities through paintings photos speeches or parades Im grateful tothem
The picture attains its objective I like this photo because it denounces very
well the implicit problems of American society in the 20th century(by Rochella D)
Group 2 then we started a new activity about grammar on how to differentiatebetween Present Simple and Present Be + ing
You may download the documents hereyet to be uploaded
Group 1 Then we started a new activity that was initially designed by MissFernandes a colleague in the academy of Caen We first described the pictures of the superheroes
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW You need to finish the description of each picture and prepare the questions toask to your partner about the missing elements in your worksheetBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareMonday 16 november 2009
- Posted in For Fun
The Prisoner - New Series - Trailer
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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A new American series that you will probably LOVE Here is the trailer Looks andsounds fantastic
Exprimer le conseil en anglais
Today after taking a test on Body beauty and body parts (phonetics included) wespoke about superstitions on Friday the 13th And we discovered that Jonathansgrand-ma was extremely supersticious and that some of you believed in supernaturalthings too like Juliette who thinks her mother can read her mind or Camille RL whois sure what she says sometimes comes true Beware of the other Camille T whohas got a black cat She is certainly a witch and she may transform us all intopiglets Just kidding of course )
Here is what we said about superstitions
Today is a special day
On Friday the 13th people who are superstitious believe something terribly
bad or something awesome will happen to them
Examples of supertisions- you shouldnt be 13 around a table
- you shouldnt walk under a ladder- you shouldnt meet a black cat
- you shouldnt break a mirror- you shouldnt celebrate a birthday before
- you should wear a rabbit leg- you shouldnt walk on a line in the street
- you shouldnt cross your legs- you should touch wood when you say something bad
- you shouldnt put hats or shoes on a bed- you shouldnt open your umbrella inside
- you shouldnt put the bread upside down
Remember to express advice there are 3 very simple structures
bull should shouldnt + V
bull had better had better not + V bull ought to ought not to + V
Chocircmage unemployment
Embaucher to hire
bull by + V+ ing au moyen de en + V+ ingbull to + V pour + V (le but)
leisure loisirshigh ndash loweacuteleveacute ndash bas
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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ecirctre oblige de to have to + Vto lead to entraicircnerhuge immense= The work-week la semaine de travailIn France the 35 hours-work week was decided and implemented in the 1990rsquos by asocialist government ( Mrs Aubry)
Exercice de traduction 1) Les employeacutes doivent faire des heures suppleacutementairesEmployees must do long hoursEmployees have to do long hours2) Il y a de nombreuses faccedilons de trouver du travailThere are a lot of ways to find work3) Lrsquoimmense augmentation des reacuteseaux sociaux permettent aux gens decommuniquer drsquoavantageThe huge increase of social networks enables people to communicate more4) Le travail suppleacutementaire entraicircne des problegravemes de santeacute pour les hommessurmeneacutes
bull Homebull Mail
bull Photos
bull Music
bull Games + Apps
bull More
o SMS Groups
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Sign Up Sign In
Ask your Question in Exams Education amp References
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Home raquo Education raquo Exams Education ampReferences raquo Question
thornyuml
thornyuml
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I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i mDoing for Improve my english give me your best idea
Asked in Exams Education amp References at 1200 PM on October 09 2008
Tags english idea
This question is closedReport abuse
ntn jainProfile | QampA
Rate this 00
bull Latest Answers(4)
Sort by Latest | Oldest | Top-rated
English is best improved by practice and also by taking a small course to improve grammar and communication skillsThe key to practice is to read newspapers magazines and books almost regularly You can also start talking andexpressing yourself in English with your peers friends and (if possible) relatives
Writing in English is a good habit that will strengthen your expression skills as well In case you complete this all-round approach I am sure you will do well All the best
Answered by Idle Mind an ibibo Master at 409 PM on October 13 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Idle MindProfile | QampA
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you can
Answered by Rachana an ibibo Citizen at 106 PM on October 11 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
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RachanaProfile | QampA
well ntn
its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming
future n ways ntn some tips from my side that will help yu improve yu ur english are
i Observe the mouth movements of those who speak English well and try to imitate them
When you are watching television observe the mouth movements of the speakers Repeat what they are saying whileimitating the intonation and rhythm of their speech
ii Until you learn the correct intonation and rhythm of English slow your speech down
If you speak too quickly and with the wrong intonation and rhythm native speakers will have a hard timeunderstanding you
Dont worry about your listener getting impatient with your slow speech -- it is more important that everything you say be understood
iii Listen to the music of English
Do not use the music of your native language when you speak English Each language has its own way of singing
iv Use the dictionary
Try and familiarise yourself with the phonetic symbols of your dictionary Look up the correct pronunciation of wordsthat are hard for you to say
v Make a list of frequently used words that you find difficult to pronounce and ask someone who speaks the languagewell to pronounce them for you
Record these words listen to them and practice saying them Listen and read at the same time
vi Buy books on tape
Record yourself reading some sections of the book Compare the sound of your English with that of the person readingthe book on the tape
vii Pronounce the ending of each word
Pay special attention to S and ED endings This will help you strengthen the mouth muscles that you use when youspeak English
viii Read aloud in English for 15-20 minutes every day
Research has shown it takes about three months of daily practice to develop strong mouth muscles for speaking a newlanguage
ix Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation mistakes
Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice and avoid listening to themselves speak However this is a veryimportant exercise because doing it will help you become conscious of the mistakes you are making
x Be patient
You can change the way you speak but it wont happen overnight People often expect instant results and give up toosoon You can change the way you sound if you are willing to put some effort into it
GOOD LUCK
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Answered by Anant-- an ibibo Master at 133 PM on October 09 2008
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Anant--Profile | QampA
BEST WAY ACCORDING TO ME IS READ DAILY ENGLISH NEWSPAPER IF U COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY ONE OXFORD DICTIONARY AND REFER MEANINGS AND IFU COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY MEANINGS CONVERSION OF ENGLISH TO UR MOTHER TONGUE THIS MAY TAKESOME TIME THERE WILL BE SOME IMPROVEMENT IN JUST 1 MONTH BETTER READ HINDU OR TIMES OF INDIAALL THE BEST
Answered by gyaneshwar an ibibo Citizen at 1258 PM on October 09 2008
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gyaneshwar Profile | QampA
Related Search
Meri english bahot hi weak haimain apni english kaise strong kar sakta hoonkis tarah fluentlyenglish bol sakta hoon
dearthe simple way to improve you english is to particehave you ever heard of the saying Parctise makes a man perfect so even when you you commit mistake try to learn from the mistake and rectify themand simple start askingquestion to people in Englishand if you want yo learn english donot fell embrace in the front of anyone and alsotry to read TIMES OF INDIAN
Posted in Self Development by naqeeb ahmar at 758 PM on March 17 2008Tags meri english bahot weak apni kaise strong sakta tarah fluently hoon
how to improve english plese tell me
to compose simple sentences in your mind when you are alone Stick on the idea you want to convey rather than thegrammar Speak to the native English speakers if possible Chatt with those in internet SearchI dont know the level of your english if you have basics the fun way of learning are english comics cartoon network in english or any english
movies comics will help you in speaking good english
Posted in Love amp Romance by Shiva Singh at 1015 PM on September 24 2008Tags improve english plese
How can i improve my Enlish speaking and writing both
their meanings and use them in your convesationListen to english newsFor writing read the books on letters essaysand storiesslowly you will get the idea of using english in your convenienceFinally findDear Ashok It is good you
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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want to improve your English First and foremost thing you need is YOU All you need to do is give quality time notthe quantity Do make a conscious effort and smart work
Posted in Self Development by ashok sharma at 626 AM on October 14 2008Tags improve enlish writing
how to use GPRS in china made mob prince A960
here most of gprs settings for most of mobile service operator India to enter in your phone mannulay Here you havemanual gprs settings for vodafone hutch idea airtel bsnl airtel live airtel mobile you can enter in your phone andconfigure mannuallyManual Idea gprs Settings1 Account Name - ideaGPRS2 Username - leave Blank3 Password -leave Blank4 Homepage - httpwapideafreshcom5
Posted in Computers amp Technology by vivek soni at 145 AM on June 13 2008Tags gprs help china mad mob
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i m Doing for Improve my englishgive me your best idea
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the
pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you canwell ntn its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming future n ways ntn some tips from my sidethat will help yu improve yu ur english are i Observe
Posted in Exams Education amp References by ntn jain at 939 PM on October 13 2008Tags want improve english improve best
what is html
they want Text is what you will use English letters just like you use everyday Markup is what you will do You willwrite in plain English and then mark up what you wrote Language Some may argue that technically html is a code
but you write html in plain everyday English languageHi RockyHTML is the code behind your webpage and is whatyour browser looks for to display a webpage the way the webdesigner
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Rocky at 258 PM on May 07 2008Tags html
how I improve my english speech
and be confidentYOU CAN DOWNLOAD A LOT OF SOFTWARES FROM INTERNET IT REALLY HELPSAND ANOTHER IDEA IS TO WATCH ENGLISH CHANNELS LIKE METRO NATION NDTV GOOD TIMESAND DONT FORGET TO WATCH NDTV DISCUSSIONSget to c more english movie join times classes on english
they improvise a lotEnglish can be improved by reading booksnewspaper by discussionsThese are certain tips toimprove english
Posted in Counselling by sagar gawde at 803 PM on February 14 2008Tags improve english speech
What is the best way to enhance skills in English Which is most best website which can help tolearn English from basic to a very high class
will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin thinking in English Listening to Native Speakers as Much asPossible is the good idea to enhance your English language skills Here are someFirst of all be motivated become a
person who likes to learn English Using as many different sources methods and tools as possible will allow you tolearn faster There are many different ways
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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Posted in Self Development by RAVINDRA at 644 PM on October 03 2008Tags best enhance skills website help learn english basic high
Who created the first mouse
to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThe first marketed integrated mouseshipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came from the resemblance of earlymodels which had a cord attached to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThefirst marketed integrated mouse shipped as a part
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Aryan Gusain at 212 PM on July 02 2008Tags created first mouse
Do you have any idea for FRANKLYN INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGE Its a spoken English Institutewhich gives Job Guarantee if anyone knows plz let me know
190A Maniktolla Main Road Kolkata-54 phone no 91-33-32401558 91-33-32428200 frankylnkkghotmailcomhi poonamur question gives an idea dat ur command on english is nt poor why u r lookingYou have heard rightFRANKLYN offers spoken english courses and there is also a lot of students pursuing courses there
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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o Non-standard Yesterday I lied down in my office during the lunch hour
(Should be lay)o Non-standard There was no reason for him to have laid down in the
middle of the path it unnerved me to see him laying there saying nothing(Should be have lain down and him lying there)
o Non-standard Lie the baby down and change his diaper (Should be layas lie is intransitive)
o Non-standard It could be easy for those guys to lay down After I left
they could have just laid down[3] o Non-standard I am going to lay out in the sun and work on my tan
(Should be lie In general the term lay out when referring to sunbathing isalways non-standard usage)
o Non-standard Sorry I lay about our appointment yesterday (Should be
lied )o Non-standard You should not lay down right after eating a large meal
Yesterday I lied on my bed for half an hour after dinner and suffered
indigestion as a result My wife saw me laying there and made me get upshe told me that if I had waited for a couple of hours I could have lied
down in perfect comfort (Should be lie lay lying and lain)
bull levee and levy A levee is a structure built along a river to raise the height of its banks thereby preventing nearby land from flooding (see dike) To levy is toimpose (1) a tax fine or other assessment or (2) a military draft as a noun a levy
is an assessment or army thus gathered The two words share a common root butthey are not considered interchangeable in Standard English Because they arehomophones misuse is usually only apparent when observed in writing
o Standard The Netherlands is well known for its elaborate system of
leveeso Standard This statute allows the state to levy a 3 tax
o Non-standard Recent storms have weakened the levy
bull literally[4] A term used to emphasize that a statement is not metaphoricalfigurative or hyperbolic It is also commonly misused as an intensifier for metaphorical figurative or hyperbolic statements
o Standard The mayor is literally a convicted felon
o Non-standard The mayor is literally robbing us blind with this new tax
bull loathe and loath or loth Loathe is a verb meaning to strongly dislike and loath
or loth means unwilling or reluctanto Standard I loathe arrogant people
o Standard I was loath to concede defeat
o Standard I was loth to submit to a body-cavity search until I saw who
would be administering it
bull lose and loose Lose can mean fail to win misplace or cease to be in possession Loose can mean the opposite of tight or the opposite of tighten Lose
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 1141
is often misspelled loose likely because lose has an irregular rhyme for the way itis spelled it is more common for words ending -ose to rhyme -əʊz like nose or rose but lose rhymes -u zː like news or confuse This may cause poor spellers toguess the correct spelling should match another -u z rhyming word likeː choosealthough choose is itself also an exception to the regular rhyme for words ending
-oose (typically such words including loose rhyme -u sː
like goose or caboose)o Standard We cannot afford to lose customers to our competitors
o Standard A screw is loose and I need a screwdriver to tighten it
o Non-standard If the team cannot score any points they will loose the
game
[edit] M
bull macerate marinate and marinade (From post-classical Latin marina brineshort for classical Latin aqua marina sea water)[5] In Standard English marinade
is a noun and not a verb marinate is the verb Macerate means to soften by
steeping in a liquid and in culinary terminology is used for non-protein itemsspecifically fruit [5] The word macerate is also used in science to soften bonerock etc in a liquid[5]
o Standard The meat will taste better if you marinate it in olive oil before
cookingo Standard Prepare the marinade by mixing vinegar and soy sauce
o Non-standard Marinade the meat in wine for half an hour
o Standard Macerate the fruit in wine for half an hour
o Non-standard Marinate the fruit in wine for half an hour
bull me myself and I In a traditional prescriptive grammar I is used only as a
subject me is used only as an object and myself is used only as a reflexive objectthat is to say when the subject is I and the object would otherwise be meMyself is often used incorrectly often in a form of hypercorrection Like the other reflexive pronouns myself should be used only when both the subject and objectof the verb are the speaker or as an emphatic pronoun (intensifier )
o Standard Jim and I took the train
o Standard He lent the books to Jim and me
o Standard That is I in the picture (This is very formal and seldom found
in speech)o Acceptable That is me in the picture (This is typical in informal English)
o Standard (intensifying) I myself have seen instances of that type
o Standard (reflexive) I hurt myself I did it to myself I played by myself Iwant to enjoy myself
o Non-standard Jim and me went into town
o Non-standard Me and Jim went into town
o Non-standard As for myself I prefer the red
o Non-standard He is an American like myself
o Non-standard He gave the paper to Jim and myself
o Non-standard My wife and myself do not like the development
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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o Non-standard I wake upWith my eyes shut tightHoping tomorrow will
never comeFor you and I (Should be For you and me) (From You AndI Part II by Fleetwood Mac)
bull mitigate and militate To mitigate is to make something milder To militate is to
fight or exert pressure for something to happen or not to happeno Standard The seriousness of your crime was mitigated by the provocation
you were undero Standard Over-protective practices in this factory militate against
increased efficiencyo Non-standard Over-protective practices in this factory mitigate against
increased efficiency
[edit] N to R
bull novice and novitiate A novice is a prospective or trainee member of a religious
order The novitiate is the state of being a novice or the time for which one is anovice However a novice monk or nun is often incorrectly described as anovitiate (perhaps confused with initiate)
bull of and have In some dialects of spoken English of and the contracted form of have ve sound alike However in standard written English they are notinterchangeable
o Standard Susan would have stopped to eat but she was running late
o Standard You could have warned me
o Non-standard I should of known that the store would be closed (Should
be I shouldve known)
bull overestimate and underestimate There is frequent confusion between thingsthat cannot and should not be overunderestimated though the meanings areopposite
o Standard The damage caused by pollution cannot be overestimated (ie it
is so enormous that no estimate however high is excessive)o Standard The damage caused by pollution should not be underestimated
(ie it is wrong to regard it as minor)o Non-standard The damage caused by pollution cannot be underestimated
(literal meaning it is so minimal that no estimate is too small Intendedmeaning one of the previous two)
bull past and passed Past refers to events that have previously occurred while passed is the past tense of to pass whether in a congressional action or a physical occurrence
o Standard Congress passed the bill limiting the powers of the President
o Standard History is mainly concerned with the events of the past
o Non-standard He past my house on his way to the store
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bull peremptory and preemptive A peremptory act or statement is absolute it cannot be denied A preemptive action is one taken before an adversary can act
o Standard He issued a peremptory order
o Standard Preemptive air strikes stopped the enemy from launching the
new warship
bull perpetrate and perpetuate To perpetrate something is to commit it while to perpetuate is something is to cause it to continue or to keep happening
o Standard The gang perpetrated outrages against several citizens
o Standard The stories only serve to perpetuate the legend that the house is
haunted
bull perquisite and prerequisite Perquisite usually means an extra allowance or privilege Prerequisite means something required as a condition
o Standard He had all the perquisites of a movie star including a stand-in
o Standard Passing the examination was one of the prerequisites for a
teaching position
bull perspective and prospective Perspective is a view with correct visual anglesexample parallel railway tracks converging in the distance Prospective is afuture possibility or expectation
bull perspicuity and perspicacity If something is perspicuous it is easily understoodits meaning is obvious If one is perspicacious then one is quick to understand or has good insight
o Standard I admired her perspicacity she just seemed to get it so much
better than I
o Standard He expressed the idea so perspicuously that anyone couldunderstand
o Non-standard She spoke in a perspicacious way
bull peruse means to read or examine very carefully but is sometimes usederroneously when the exact opposite is meant to read superficially to glanceover quickly to skim
bull photogenic and photographic The former is to be used to mean someoneslikeness is particularly amenable to being well photographed The latter isanything pertaining to photography whether it is technical eg photographic
chemical or equipment or generic eg photographic journals
bull prescribe and proscribe To prescribe something is to command or recommendit To proscribe somebody or something is to outlaw him her or it
bull progeny and prodigy Progeny are offspring or things that follow something elseA prodigy is a genius or a marvelous example of something
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bull Quartary and quaternary Quartary (from Latin quartarius) is the fourthmember of an ordinal number word series beginning with (primary secondarytertiary) and continuing with (quintary sextary )[6] Quaternary (from Latinquaternarius) is the fourth member of a distributive number word series beginning with (singular binary ternary) and continuing with (quinary senary
septenary octonary centenary)[7][8]
In biology the non-standard usage Quaternary structure is so firmly entrenchedthat to refer to Quartary structure would be incorrect
bull redundant does not mean useless or unable to perform its function It meansthat there is an excess of something that something is surplus to requirementsand no longer needed or that it is obsolete
o Standard A new pill that will instantly cure any illness has made
antibiotics redundant (Antibiotics could still be used to cure illnesses butthey are no longer needed because a better pill has been invented)
o
Standard The week before Christmas the company made seventy-fiveworkers redundanto Non-standard Over-use of antibiotics risks making them redundant (This
should read over-use of antibiotics risks making them ineffective)
bull regimen and regiment A regimen is a system of order and may often refer to thesystematic dosing of medication A regiment is a military unit
o Standard The sick soldier was removed from his regiment
o Standard The sick soldier was ordered to complete a regimen of
amoxicillin
bull
reign and rein A reign refers to the rule of a monarch Reins are the straps usedto control the movements of an animal (typically a horse) Thus to take thereins means to assume control and to have free rein means to be free of constraints[9]
o Non-standard the Suns gave Sports Illustrateds Jack McCallum free
reign of practices[10] o Non-standard Bobby Jindal a whiz kid takes the reigns of Louisianas
Department of Health and Hospital[11]
[edit] S to T
bull sensual and sensuous Both words mean to do with the senses Sensual is moreoften applied to a pleasure or experience or to a persons character sensuous tosomeone or something of enticing appearance
o Standard Don Juan is the most sensual character in fiction
o Standard Ascetics believe in avoiding all sensual pleasures
o Standard Marilyn Monroe looks extremely sensuous in this film clip
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bull set and sit When used as a verb to set means to place or to adjust to a valuewhereas to sit means to be seated
o Standard Set the pot upon the stove
o Standard Set the temperature-control to 100 degC
o Non-standard Set down over there
o Non-standard Sit the pot on the stoveo Standard Sit on the chair
bull shrink and shirk To shirk means to consistently avoid to neglect to be tooafraid to engage To shrink means to contract to become physically smaller insize also to shrink away means to suddenly jerk away from something inhorror However to shrink from may also mean to hesitate or show reluctancetoward
o Standard I will not shirk discussion
o Standard I will not shrink from discussion
o Standard She shrank away from me
o Non-standard I will not shrink discussiono Non-standard I will not shirk from discussion
bull sight site and cite A sight is something seen a site is a place To cite is to quoteor list as a source
o Standard You are a sight for sore eyes
o Standard I found a list of the sights of Rome on a tourist site
o Standard Please cite the sources you used in your essay
o Standard You must travel to the site of the dig to see the dinosaur bones
o Standard It is necessary to have line-of-sight if you want to use
semaphore
o Non-standard One must be careful on a construction sighto Non-standard I will site the book in which I saw the statistics
o Non-standard I could not fire because I did not have line-of-site to the
target
bull temblor and trembler A temblor is an earthquake A trembler is something thattrembles
bull than and then Than is a grammatical particle and preposition associated withcomparatives whereas then is an adverb and a noun In certain dialects the twowords are usually homophones because they are function words with reduced
vowels and this may cause speakers to confuse themo Standard I like pizza more than lasagne
o Standard We ate dinner then went to the movies
o Non-standard You are a better person then I am
bull there their theyre and therere There refers to the location of somethingTheir means belonging to them Theyre is a contraction of They are Therere
is a contraction of there are[citation needed ]
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o Standard Therere five of them and theyre all coming to the restaurant for
their dinner we will meet them there
bull theres wheres etc A common spoken mistake is using a singular contractionwhen it should be plural in words like theres and wheres This stems from the
fact that therere and wherere are more difficult to enunciate and are oftenavoided for that reason in colloquial speecho Non-standard Wheres the cars (Should be Wherere)
o Non-standard Theres many types of cars (Should be Therere)
bull to too Too means in excess or also To is a preposition or is a part of a verbin the infinitive At the end of a sentence to may also refer to a dropped verb inthe infinitive
bull trimester A trimester is a period of three months[12][13] Because it is mostcommonly used in conjunction with a nine-month academic year [14] or a nine-
month term of human pregnancy[15]
it is sometimes wrongly assumed thattrimester is simply a synonym for one third[16][17] o Standard One calendar year contains four trimesters
o Non-standard Without further delay then comes ESPNcoms annual
(and overdue) First Trimester Report ushering folks back to the office bytaking stock of the seasons opening third[18]
[edit] U to Z
bull venal and venial These words are sometimes confused venal means corruptable to be bribed or for sale venial means pardonable not serious[2][19]
o Standard According to Catholic doctrine eating meat on a Friday is avenial sin but murder is a mortal sin
o Standard All ages have examples of venal politicians
bull warranty and warrantee A warranty is a legal assurance that some object can perform some specified task or meets certain quality standards A warrantee is the person who benefits from a warranty The verb form is warrant Confusion herecan stem from guarantee and the less common guaranty which have similar meanings
o Standard Most new cars come with at least a three-year warranty
o Standard I guarantee that you will make a return on your investment
o Non-standard Your mobile phone has stopped working Maybe you needto claim under the warrantee
bull whose and whos Whose is an interrogative word (Whose is this) or a relative pronoun (The people whose house you admired) whos is a contraction for whois or who has
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bull wont and wont Wont is a contraction for will not while wont is a wordmeaning accustomed or inclined to (as an adjective) or habit or custom (as anoun)
o Standard He wont let me drive his car
o Standard He spent the morning reading as he was wont to do
o Standard He took a walk in the evening as was his wonto Non-standard I wont need to go to the supermarket after all
bull youre and your While they sound the same in many dialects in standard writtenEnglish they have separate meanings Youre is a contraction for you are and your is a possessive pronoun meaning belonging to you When in doubt just seewhether the word in question can logically be expanded to you are
o Standard When driving always wear your seatbelt
o Standard If youre going out please be home by ten oclock
o Non-standard Youre mother called this morning
o Non-standard Your the first person to notice my new haircut today
bull aggravate ndash Some prescriptivists have argued that this word should not be used inthe sense of to annoy or to oppress but only to mean to make worseHowever this proscription against to annoy is not rooted in history Accordingto AHDI the annoy usage occurs in English as far back as the 17th centuryfurthermore in Latin from which the word was borrowed both meanings wereused[1] Sixty-eight percent of AHD4s Usage Panel approves of its use in Its theendless wait for luggage that aggravates me the most about air travel [2] M-Wmentions that while aggravate in the sense of to rouse to displeasure or anger byusually persistent and often petty goading has been around since the 17thcentury disapproval of that usage only appeared around 1870[3] RH states in its
usage note under aggravate that The two most common senses of aggravate areto make worse and to annoy or exasperate Both senses first appeared in theearly 17th century at almost the same time the corresponding two senses of thenoun aggravation also appeared then Both senses of aggravate and aggravation
have been standard since then[4] Chambers cites this usage as colloquial andthat it is well established especially in spoken English although it is sometimesregarded as incorrect[5]
o Disputed usage Its the endless wait for luggage that aggravates me the
most about air travelo Undisputed usage Being hit on the head by a falling brick aggravated my
already painful headache
bull aint ndash originally a contraction of am not this word is widely used as areplacement for arent isnt havent and hasnt as well While aint hasexisted in the English language for a very long time and it is a common normalword in many dialects in both North America and the British Isles it is not a partof standard English and its use in formal writing is not recommended by mostusage commentators Its unselfconscious use in speech may tend to mark thespeaker as uneducated Nevertheless aint is used by educated speakers and
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writers for deliberate effect what Oxford American Dictionary describes astongue-in-cheek or reverse snobbery and what Merriam-Webster Collegiate
calls emphatic effect or a consistently informal style[6]
bull alibi ndash Some prescriptivists argue this cannot be used in the non-legal sense of
an explanation or excuse to avoid blame or justify action AHD4 notes that thisusage was acceptable to almost half[7] of the Usage Panel while most opposedthe words use as a verb M-W mentions no usage problems listing the disputedmeaning second to its legal sense without comment OED cites the non-legal nounand verb usages as colloquial and orig[inally] US[8] Chambers deems this usecolloquial[9]
bull alright ndash An alternate to all right that some consider illiterate but others allowRH says that it probably arose in analogy with other similar words such asaltogether and already it does concede the use in writing as informal and thatall right is used in more formal edited writing[10] AHD4 flags alright as
nonstandard
[11]
and comments that this unacceptance (compared to altogether etc) is peculiar and may be due to its relative recentness (altogether andalready date back to the Middle Ages alright only a little over a century)[12]
Chambers refers to varying levels of formality of all right deeming alright to bemore casual it recommends the use of all right in writing for readers who are precise about the use of language[13]
bull also ndash Some prescriptivists contend this word should not be used to begin asentence AHD4 says 63 percent of the Usage Panel found acceptable theexample The warranty covers all power-train components Also participating dealers back their work with a free lifetime service guarantee[14] See also and amp
but below
bull alternate ndash In British English this adjective means according to OED and other sources switching between two options or similar It does not mean the same asalternative (see next) which OED specifically marks as an American meaning of alternate In international English it is thus thought better to observe the Britishdistinction then the meanings of alternative and alternate will be clear toeveryone (See meanings given at M-W the same applies to the adverbsalternately and alternatively)
bull alternative ndash Some prescriptivists argue that alternative should be used onlywhen the number of choices involved is exactly two While AHD4 allows thewords longstanding use to mean one of a number of things from which only onecan be chosen and the acceptance of this usage by many language critics it goeson to state that only 49 of its Usage panel approves of its use as in Of the threealternatives the first is the least distasteful[15] Neither M-W[16] nor RH[17]
mentions any such restriction to a choice of two Chambers qualifies its definitionas referring to strictly speaking two but often used of more than two possibilities[18]
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bull ampm ndash These are Latin abbreviations for the adverbial phrases antemeridiem (before noon) and post meridiem (after noon) Some prescriptivistsargue that they thus should not be used in English as nouns meaning morningand afternoon however such use is consistent with ordinary nominalizationfeatures of English AHD4 lists adjectival usage with an AM appointment [19]
and a PM appointment[20]
RH gives Shall we meet Saturday am[19]
withoutcomment it gives no corresponding example at pm so that usage can only beextrapolated Also the National Institute of Standards and Technology (nd)contends it is incorrect to use 12 am or 12 pm to mean either noon or midnight
bull amongamongst and between ndash The traditionalist view is that between shouldonly be used when there are only two objects for comparison and among or amongst should be used for more than two objects Most style guides anddictionaries do not support this advice saying that between can be used to refer tosomething that is in the time space or interval that separates more than two itemsM-W says that the idea that between can be used only of two items is persistent
but unfounded
[21]
and AHD4 calls it a widely repeated but unjustified tradition[22] The OED says In all senses between has been from its earliest appearanceextended to more than two[23] Chambers says It is acceptable to use between
with reference to more than two people or things although does state that among
may be more appropriate in some circumstances[24] o Undisputed usage I parked my car between the two telegraph poles
o Undisputed usage Youll find my brain between my ears
o Disputed usage The duck swam between the reeds
o Disputed usage They searched the area between the river the farmhouse
and the woodso Undisputed usage We shared the money evenly amongst the three of us
o
Disputed usage We shared the money between Tom Dick and meo Undisputed usage My house was built among the gum trees
bull amount ndash Some prescriptivists argue amount should not be substituted for number They recommend the use of number if the thing referred to is countableand amount only if it is uncountable While RH acknowledges the traditionaldistinction between amount and number it mentions that [a]lthough objected tothe use of amount instead of number with countable nouns occurs in both speechand writing especially when the noun can be considered as a unit or group (theamount of people present the amount of weapons) or when it refers to money(the amount of dollars paid the amount of pennies in the till)[25] (see also less)
o
Disputed usage I was amazed by the amount of people who visited mywebsite (With knowledge of the exact number)o Undisputed usage The number of people in the lift must not exceed 10
o Undisputed usage I was unimpressed by the amount of water consumed
by the elephant
bull and ndash Some prescriptivists argue that sentences should not begin with the wordand on the argument that as a conjunction it should only join clauses within a
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sentence AHD4 states that this stricture has been ridiculed by grammarians for decades and ignored by writers from Shakespeare to Joyce Carol Oates[26] RHstates Both and and but and to a lesser extent or and so are common astransitional words at the beginnings of sentences in all types of speech andwriting it goes on to suggest that opposition to this usage probably stems from
the overuse of such sentences by inexperienced writers[27]
ENCARTA opinesthat said opposition comes from too literal an understanding of the joiningfunction of conjunctions and states that any overuse is a matter of poor style notgrammatical correctness[28] COED calls the usage quite acceptable[29] Manyverses of the King James Bible begin with and as does William Blakes poem And did those feet in ancient time (aka Jerusalem) Fowlers Modern EnglishUsage defends this use of and Chambers states that Although it is sometimesregarded as poor style it is not ungrammatical to begin a sentence with and [30]
See also also above and but below
bull anxious ndash Some prescriptivists argue that this word should only be used in the
sense of worried or worrisome (compare anxiety) but it has been used inthe sense of eager for over 250 years 52 of AHD4s Usage Panel accepts itsuse in the sentence We are anxious to see the new show of contemporarysculpture at the museum Also it suggests that the use of anxious to mean eager
may be mild hyperbole as the use of dying in the sentence Im dying to see your new baby[31] RH states bluntly that its use in the sense of eageris fullystandard[32] M-W defines anxious as 3 ardently or earnestly wishing ltanxiousto learn moregt synonym see EAGER[33] Chambers gives 3 very eager bullanxious to do well[34]
[edit] B
bull barbaric and barbarous mdash Barbaric applies to the culture of barbarians and may be positive (barbaric splendor) barbarous applies to the behavior of barbariansand is negative (barbarous cruelty) This is standard English usage HoweverM-W equates the third meaning of barbaric with the third of barbarous thatis mercilessly harsh or cruel[35] COD11 and Chambers list savagely cruel andcruel and brutal excessively harsh or vicious[36] respectively as the first
meanings for barbaric Only AHD4 disallows this usage and without comment[37]
o Undisputed The environment of the venue was barbaric
o Undisputed Terrorism is barbarous
o Disputed Capital punishment is a disgusting barbaric measure
bull begging the question In logic begging the question is another term for petitio
principii or arguing in a circle in other words making assumptions in advanceabout the very issue in dispute Now often used to mean simply leading to thequestion
o Undisputed You argue that Christianity must be true because the Bible
says so Isnt that begging the question
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o Disputed You want to go to the theatre That begs the question which day
we should go
bull but ndash Some prescriptivists argue that if and should not be used to begin sentencesthen neither should but These words are both conjunctions thus they believe that
they should be used only to link clauses within a sentence AHD4 states that itmay be used to begin a sentence at all levels of style [38]
[edit] C
bull can and may ndash Some prescriptivists argue that can refers to possibility and may
refers to permission and insist on maintaining this distinction although usage of can to refer to permission is pervasive in spoken and very frequent in writtenEnglish M-W notes Can and may are most frequently interchangeable in sensesdenoting possibility because the possibility of ones doing something may (or can) depend on anothers acquiescence they have also become interchangeable in
the sense denoting permission The use of can to ask or grant permission has beencommon since the 19th century and is well established although somecommentators feel may is more appropriate in formal contexts May is relativelyrare in negative constructions (maynt is not common) cannot and cant are usualin such contexts[39] AHD4 echoes this sentiment of formality noting that only21 of the Usage Panel accepted can in the example Can I take another week tosubmit the application[40] For its part OED labels the use of can for may ascolloquial[41]
bull comprise ndash Comprise means to consist of A second meaning to compose or constitute is sometimes attacked by usage writers However it is supported as
sense 3 along with a usage note in M-W[42] and although AHD4 notes the usageas a usage problem its usage note says Our surveys show that opposition tothis usage is abating In the 1960s 53 percent of the Usage Panel found this usageunacceptable in 1996 only 35 percent objected[43]
o Undisputed usage The English Wikipedia comprises more than two
million articleso Disputed usage The English Wikipedia comprises of more than two
million articleso Disputed usage The English Wikipedia is comprised of more than two
million articleso Disputed usage More than two million articles comprise the English
Wikipediao Disputed usage Diatoms comprise more than 70 of all phytoplankton
o Undisputed usage Diatoms constitute more than 70 of all
phytoplanktono Disputed usage Those in the industry have mostly scoffed at the young
inexperienced Carter and the rest of the high school pals that comprise thecompany[44]
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[edit] D
bull deprecate ndash The original meaning in English is deplore or express disapproval
of (the Latin from which the word derives means pray to avert evil suggestingthat some event would be a calamity) The word is now also used to mean playdown belittle or devalue a shift that some prescriptivists disapprove of as itsuggests the word is being confused with the similar word depreciate in factAHD4 states that in this sense deprecate has almost completely supplanteddepreciate however a majority of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved thissense[45] Its use with the approximate meaning to declare obsolete in computer jargon is also sometimes condemned
bull diagnose ndash Cochrane (2004) states that to diagnose [someone] with a disease isan incorrect usage of the verb diagnose which takes the physician as subject and
a disease as object (eg to diagnose cancer) In American English according toAHD4[46] and M-W[47] the sense of diagnose [someone] with a disease is listedwithout comment or tag however for its part RH does not list such a usage withor without comment For British English COD11 offers identify the medicalcondition of (someone) she was diagnosed as having epilepsy (2004) this usagehowever did not appear in editions as recently as the 1990s Chambers does notoffer this sense at all[48]
o Disputed usage Mr Smith was diagnosed with diabetes
o Undisputed usage The doctor diagnosed diabetes
bull different ndash Standard usage in both Britain and America is different from (on the
analogy of to differ from) In Britain this competes with different to (coinedon the analogy of similar to) In America it competes with different than(coined on the analogy of other than) Different to is also found in IrishAustralian and New Zealand English
o Undisputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different
from the Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different to the
Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different than
the British
bull disinterested ndash Standard usage is as a word for unbiased but some have alsorendered it synonymous with uninterested or apathetic
o Undisputed usage As their mutual best friend I tried to remain
disinterested in their argument so as not to anger eithero Disputed usage The key to attracting a member of the opposite sex is to
balance between giving attention to him or her and appearingdisinterested
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bull due to ndash The adjectival use of due to is undisputed Its adverbial use howeverhas been a subject of dispute for many years as witnessed by several (especiallyUS) dictionary usage notes that in the end designate it as standard WilliamStrunk in his Elements of style labelled the disputed adverbial use of due to asincorrect [49] Although the first (1926) edition of FOWLER condemned the
adverbial use as common only among the illiterate the third (1996) editionsaid Opinion remains sharply divided but it begins to look as if this use of due
to will form part of the natural language of the 21C as one more example of aforgotten battle Due to is frequently used in place of from for with of because
of and other prepositions Undisputed synonyms for due to are caused by andattributable to
o Disputed usage He died due to cancer (He died of cancer)
o Disputed usage Due to the end of the Second War circumstances altered
profoundly (With the end of the Second War circumstances altered profoundly)
o Disputed usage The project failed due to lack of funds (The project
failed for lack of funds) o Undisputed usage His death was due to cancer
o Undisputed usage Many thought the problem was due to mismanagement
[edit] E
bull enormity ndash Frequently used as a synonym for enormousness or immensity but traditionally means extreme wickedness According to AHD4 thisdistinction has not always occurred historically but is now supported by 59 of the dictionarys Usage Panel[50] COD11 states that enormity as a synonym for hugeness is now broadly accepted as standard English Although Chambers lists
immenseness or vastness as a meaning it says it should not be used in thatsense commenting that it is encountered often because the word enormousness isawkward it recommends using instead another word such as hugeness greatness etc[51]
o Disputed usage The enormity of the elephant astounded me
o Traditional usage The enormity of Stalins purges astounds me
[edit] F
bull farther and further ndash Many prescriptivists adhere to the rule that farther only
should refer to matters of physical distance or position while further should bereserved for usages involving time or degree (as well as undisputed descriptionsof moreover and in addition)
o Disputed usage San Jose is further from LA than Santa Barbara
o Disputed usage LA was a couple hours farther from home than I
expectedo Disputed usage If her fever increases any farther I will call the doctor
o Undisputed usage I would like to discuss the issue further at a later time
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bull fortuitously ndash Used by some interchangeably with fortunately strictly speaking fortuitousness is a reference to an occurrence depending on chance M-W notesthat use of the word in sense of fortunate has been in standard use for at least 70years and notes that the sense of coming or happening by a lucky chance isvirtually unnoticed by usage critics[52][clarification needed ]
[edit] G
bull gender ndash Gender is often used interchangeably with sex in the sense of the biological or social quality male and female It is never used to refer to sexualintercourse
o Gender traditionally refers to grammatical gender a feature in the
grammar of a number of different languages Some prescriptivists arguethat its use as a euphemism for sex is to be avoided as a genteelismFowler (p 211) says it is used either as a jocularityor a blunder
o Sex and gender can be used in different but related senses with sex
referring to biological characteristics and gender to social roles andexpectations based on sex Use of gender as interchangeable with or as areplacement for sex may confuse readers who draw this distinction See
gender identity gender role
[edit] H
bull hoi polloi ndash The question surrounding hoi polloi is whether it is appropriate to usethe article the preceding the phrase it arises because hoi is the Greek word for the in the phrase and classical purists complain that adding the makes the phrase
redundant the the common people Foreign phrases borrowed into English areoften reanalyzed as single grammatical units requiring an English article inappropriate contexts AHD4 says The Arabic element al- means the andappears in English nouns such as alcohol and alchemy Thus since no one wouldconsider a phrase such as the alcohol to be redundant criticizing the hoi polloi onsimilar grounds seems pedantic[53]
bull hopefully ndash Some prescriptivists argue this word should not be used as anexpression of confidence in an outcome however M-W classes hopefully withother words such as interestingly frankly and unfortunately (which areunremarkably used in a similar way) as disjuncts and describes this usage as
entirely standard
[54]
AHD4 however notes that opposition to this usage by their usage panels has grown from 56 to 73 despite support for similar disjuncts(such as 60 support for the use of mercifully in Mercifully the game ended before the opponents could add another touchdown to the lopsided score) AHD4opines that this opposition is not to the use of these adverbs in general but thatthis use of hopefully has become a shibboleth[55] OED lists this usage withoutany colloquial or other label other than to say Avoided by many writers[56]
See also the discussion of hopefully as a dangling modifier One investigation in
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modern corpora on Language Log revealed that outside fiction where it stillrepresents 40 of all uses (the other qualifying primarily speech and gazes)disjunct uses account for the vast majority (over 90) of all uses of the word[57]
o Disputed usage Hopefully Ill get that scholarship
o Undisputed usage The prisoner thought hopefully about the prospect for
escape when he realized the guards accidentally left his cell unlocked
Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] L
bull less ndash Some prescriptivists argue that less should not be substituted for fewer Merriam-Webster notes The traditional view is that less applies to matters of degree value or amount and modifies collective nouns mass nouns or nounsdenoting an abstract whole while fewer applies to matters of number and modifies plural nouns Less has been used to modify plural nouns since the days of King
Alfred and the usage though roundly decried appears to be increasing Less ismore likely than fewer to modify plural nouns when distances sums of moneyand a few fixed phrases are involved ltless than 100 milesgt ltan investment of less
than $2000gt ltin 25 words or lessgt and as likely as fewer to modify periods of time ltin less (or fewer ) than four hoursgt[58]
o Disputed usage This lane 12 items or less
o Undisputed usage We had fewer players on the team this season
o Undisputed usage There is less water in the tank now
bull like and as ndash Some prescriptivists object to the use of like as a conjunction statingit is rather a preposition and that only as would be appropriate in this
circumstance M-W however cites likes use as a conjunction as standard sincethe 14th century and opines that opposition to it is perhaps more heated thanrational (see M-Ws entry like [7 conjunction]) AHD4 says Writers sinceChaucers time have used like as a conjunction but 19th-century and 20th-centurycritics have been so vehement in their condemnations of this usage that a writer who uses the construction in formal style risks being accused of illiteracy or worse and recommends using as in formal speech and writing[59] OED does nottag it as colloquial or nonstandard but notes Used as conj[unction] = like asas Now generally condemned as vulgar or slovenly though examples may befound in many recent writers of standing[60] Chambers lists the conjunctive useas colloquial[61]
o Undisputed usage He is an American as am Io Undisputed usage He is an American like me
o Undisputed usage It looks as if this play will be a flop
o Undisputed usage This play looks like a flop
o Disputed usage He is an American like I am
o Disputed usage It looks like this play will be a flop
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bull literally ndash Some prescriptivists argue literally should not be used as a mereemphatic unless the thing to which it refers is actually true It is used todisambiguate a possible metaphorical interpretation of a phrase M-W does notcondemn the second use which means in effect or virtually but says the useis pure hyperbole intended to gain emphasis but it often appears in contexts
where no additional emphasis is necessary[62]
o Disputed usage The party literally went with a bang (No it did not
unless there was an actual loud noise)o Undisputed usage I literally ran more than 25 miles today I ran a
marathon
bull loan ndash The use of loan as a verb meaning to give out a loan is disputed withlend being preferred for the verb form AHD4 flatly states [t]he verb loan is wellestablished in American usage and cannot be considered incorrect[63] M-W statesloan is entirely standard as a verb[64] RH says Sometimes mistakenlyidentified as an Americanism loan as a verb meaning to lend has been used in
English for nearly 800 years it further states that objections to this use arecomparatively recent[65] Chambers defines the verb loan as to lend (especiallymoney)[66] OED merely states Now chiefly US[67] and COD11 includes themeaning without tag or comment
o Undisputed usage I lent him some money
o Undisputed usage Fill out the paperwork for a loan
o Disputed usage I loaned him some money
[edit] M
bull may and might ndash May should only be used where the event in question is still
possible not for something that was possible in the past or for a hypothetical present possibility Might is properly the past tense form of may (In similar fashion could should and would are all past tense forms for can shalland will respectively)
o Undisputed usage My brother may have gone to China last week
( perhaps he did )o Disputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother may have gone
to China last week (but he didnt )o Undisputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother might have
gone to China last weeko Disputed usage He thought it may be true (but it wasnt )
o Undisputed usage He thought it might be true
bull meet ndash Some prescriptivists state that as a transitive verb in the context to cometogether by chance or arrangement meet (as in meet (someone)) does not requirea preposition between verb and object the phrase meet with (someone) is deemedincorrect Chambers flags this usage US[68] RH allows it in the sense of to joinas for conference or instruction I met with her an hour a day until we solved the problem[69] On the other hand none of M-W AHD4 or COD11 entertains this
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usage NOTE In the sense of fulfilling prerequisites or criteria (We met with theentry requirements) or that of encountering (Our suggestions may meet with
opposition the soldiers met with machine-gun fire) the verb phrase meet with isnot in dispute
o Disputed usage I will meet with you tonight
o
Undisputed usage I will meet you tonight
bull momentarily ndash Traditionally momentarily means for a moment but its use tomean in a moment is sometimes disputed M-W[70] and RH[71] give this latter usage a standard entry without comment while OED[72] and Chambers[73] tag itNAmer AHD4 has a usage note indicating that 59 of their Usage Paneldeems this usage unacceptable[74]
o Disputed usage Your feature presentation will begin momentarily
o Undisputed usage The flash from the atom bomb momentarily lit up the
night sky
[edit] N
bull nauseous ndash Traditionally nauseous means causing nausea (synonymous withnauseating) it is commonly used now as a synonym for queasy that ishaving the feeling of nausea AHD4 notes the traditional view stating that 72 of the Usage Panel preferred nauseated over nauseous to mean affected withnausea however 88 of that same panel preferred nauseating to nauseous tomean causing nausea in other words a maximum of only 28 prefersnauseous in either case It also states that in common usage nauseous issynonymous with nauseated but deems this usage incorrect[75] M-W howeverasserts that [t]hose who insist that nauseous is an error for nauseated are
mistaken[76] Both M-W and AHD4 accept that nauseous is supplantingnauseated for feeling nausea and in turn being replaced by nauseating for causing nausea in general usage they only differ on the correctness of thechange RH states The two literal senses of nauseous [] appear in English atalmost the same time in the early 17th century and both senses are in standard useat the present time Nauseous is more common than nauseated in the senseaffected with nausea despite recent objections by those who imagine the sense to be new[77] CHAMBERS lists the sense of causing nausea first and affected withnausea second[78] while COD11 gives the affliction first and causation second both dictionaries list the entries without comment OED goes further tagging itsnauseated usage as Orig[inally] US but demoted its nauseating usage to
literary OED also notes that the original (now obsolete) sense of the word inEnglish was inclined to sickness or nausea squeamish[79] Curiously this oldestseventeenth-century meaning (inclined to nausea) while distinct from thedisputed twentieth-century usage (afflicted by nausea) more closely resemblesthe latter than it does the prescribed meaning (causing nausea)
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseous
o Disputed usage That smell is making me nauseous
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseating
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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future tense (The supervisor will be back presently)[80] M-W mentions the samevintage for the sense of now and that it is not clear why it is objectionable[81]
AHD4 states that despite its use nowadays in literate speech and writing thatthere is still lingering prejudice against this use In the late 1980s only 50 of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved of the sentence General Walters is hellip
presently the United States Ambassador to the United Nations[82]
COD11 lists both usages without comment CHAMBERS merely flags the sense of now asN Amer especially US[83]
o Disputed usage I am presently reading Wikipedia
o Undisputed usage I will be finished with that activity presently
[edit] R
bull refute ndash The traditional meaning of refute is disprove or dispel with reasoned
arguments It is now often used as a synonym for deny The latter sense islisted without comment by M-W[84] and AHD4[85] while CHAMBERS tags it ascolloquial[86] COD11 states that Traditionalists object to [the use of refute asdeny] but it is now widely accepted in standard English However RH does notmention this use at all[87]
bull relatively ndash Literally meaning compared to some now use relatively to meanmoderately or somewhat AHD4 does not list this usage at all [88] M-W hasapparently blended the two usages in one[89]
o Disputed usage That man was relatively annoying
o Undisputed usage Though relatively harmless when compared to
dimethylmercury mercury (II) oxide is still quite toxic
[edit] S
bull Scotch Scots and Scottish ndash Formerly English people used Scotch whereScottish people used Scottish The current convention is as follows
o Scottish for people
o Scotch for things (especially whisky)
o Scots for institutions (Scots law Scots language)
bull
seek ndash This means look for but is used to mean try or want This usage iscriticised by Fowler in the entry Formal Words
o Disputed usage we did seek to resolve the Iraq crisis by peaceful
means those who seek to emulate his legacy of murder the Liberalsseek to undermine that future[attribution needed ]
o Undisputed usage Seek and ye shall find
[edit] T
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull than mdash Than is the subject of a longstanding dispute as to its status as a preposition or conjunction see than For the disputed construction different thansee Different
bull they mdash Prescriptivists regard this as a plural pronoun that uses a third person
plural verb conjugation (see below they show) but the word is now commonlyused especially in speech and informal writing as a non-gender-specific third- person singular pronoun (which modern English otherwise lacks) Alternativesinclude he or she and generic he Some writers argue that generic he isgeneric (as the name implies) and thus includes both sexes Others find it sexist or too old-fashioned The pronouns you or one can be used in some sentences
o Disputed usage A person is rude if they show no respect for their hosts
o Undisputed usage One is rude if one shows no respect for ones hosts
o Undisputed usage It is rude not to show respect for hosts
o Undisputed usage Many people have told me that they are satisfied with
their food
bull thusly mdash Thusly (AHD4 suggests) was originally coined by educated writers tomake fun of uneducated persons trying to sound genteel[90] Thusly howeverdiffused into popular usage Some people accept it as an adverb in its own rightwhile others believe thus should be used in all cases The word thusly appearswith no associated usage notes in M-W[91] COD11 tags it as informal with theentry thus tagged as literary or formal CHAMBERS does not list the word atall and it is unknown in British usage[92]
[edit] U
bull unique ndash Some prescriptivists argue that unique only means sole or unequaled (British spelling unequalled) but most dictionaries give a thirdmeaning unusual which can be qualified by very or somewhat as in Thetheme of the party was somewhat unique see comparison Almost unique isuniversally acceptable[citation needed ]
[edit] W
bull
whilst and while mdash Penguin Working Words recommends while only and notesthat whilst is old-fashioned Cambridge Guide to English Usage and M-WsWebsters Guide to English Usage comment on its regional character and notethat it is rare in American usage It is thus safer to use only while in internationalEnglish (See the article While for further sources deprecating the use of whilst and cautioning about uses of while)
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull who mdash Some prescriptivists argue that who should be used only as a subject pronoun the corresponding object pronoun being whom Strictly speakingusing who instead of whom is substituting a subjective pronoun for an objective pronoun and hence is the same as using she instead of her (eg I talked to she
today) Most people never use whom in spoken English and instead use who for
all cases Those who use whom in everyday speech may recognize substitution of who as substandard FOWLER has an extensive entry on who and whom
including several quotes from major publications where whom is used incorrectlyo Undisputed usage You are talking to whom
o Disputed usage You are talking to who
o Undisputed usage To whom are you talking
o Disputed usage To who are you talking
o Disputed usage far more hostile to Diana whom she believes betrayed
the Prince of WalesmdashIndependent Mag 1993 (FOWLER)o Undisputed usage far more hostile to Diana who she believes betrayed
the Prince of Wales
o Disputed usage Whom do men say that I am (Mark 927 King JamesVersion)
bull whoever mdash This extension of who (see above) along with its object formwhomever is attended by the same uncertainties as who along with whom and isdiscussed in the same sources (See the relevant section at Who)
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever wants it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever you think should have it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whomever you choose to give it
o Disputed usage Give it to whoever you choose to give it to
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever wants it
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever you think should have it
Module - Pair work - Asking questions to yourpartner
Hey
with Group 2 we first talked a little about food at the beginning of the class as awarm up And here is what we said
to be written by Franc
Then today was the first day that we worked in pairs You had to find informationabout superhero characters asking questions to your partner
Here are the two worksheets if you still need to complete them
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW you need to be able to speak about the picture of a super hero + speak about
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their story + give the common points between all the super heroes presented Yourpresentation will last about 3 to 5 minutes You can send me some drafts (brouillon)if neededBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - Tale LV2
Southern Trees - beginning of the study
Hey
today we first warmed up about your future jobs while waiting for those who werelate Here is what you said
I would like to become an architect when I leave highschool (Selma)I want to study law to be a lawyer maybe ( Jeacuterocircme)
Structures WANT TO WOULD LIKE TO -- Attention aux noms de meacutetiers quisont preacuteceacutedeacutes de larticle aan
Then we did a quick recap about what Jim Crow laws used to be Here is what wesaid
bull Jim Crow Laws
These were laws about racial segregation until the end of the 1960sBlacks were not allowed to go to school with Whites
Blacks were not allowed to attend school with WhitesBlacks were forbidden to live together there were separate water
fountains rest rooms or entrances at restaurantsThey were prohibited to sit at the front of a bus
bull KKK(1865-)
white Protestantssupremacy of the white race
white costumesterrorism and violence to oppress Blacks
Finally we listened to the text and we started our general comprehesion by
highlighting the important information about the type of document the places thetime Here is what we wrote
bull Text Southern Trees
- type of doc extract from the autobiographic novel of Billie Holliday- who Billie Holliday Lewis Allen piano player of Billie Pop audience bitch
- where in New-York at Cafe Society on 52nd Street Miami Los Angeles
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- when published in 1956
HW you need to finish answering the usual wh- questions about the text (inparticular about the feelings of the characters involved) You also need to divide thetext into 2 parts give them a title and justify your titles
NB you will have a vocabulary test next week with the words from the lesson andthe words from the tool box p 53 You may also have a test about the text andabout racial discrimination in the US on Wednesday It will depend on how far we areinto the study of the document Southern TreesBy English Prof
Enter comment - View comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Spiderman - Page 3
This morning with the whole class we first warmed up with why I was a little late inclass Here is what we wrote
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
Then we studied the last page from Spiderman
There was a secretary for each person that spoke about a panel Here are the notesthat we took while they were speaking
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
HW you will be able to speak about the document at the beginning of the class in arow (dun seul trait )You can download the last page here
By English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Oral tests about picture presentation + Lastsuperhero activity in pair work
Hey
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today in module I asked you to speak about the picture p 152 that you had tocomment You need to improve your analysis Ill be asking other students next timeagain
Here is an example of presentation Its not perfect but its a rather good one
The document is a picture where there are two parts In the first part wecan see a white family at the bottom who is sitting in a garden They looksurprised and they are looking at the second family who feels happy and
impressed Contrary to the white family they are standing and clad with
their traditional dress Its a black family
To me the scene takes place in the USA and the goal of this picture is todenounce discrimination which treats people differently in society
The photographer aims at criticizing segregation In this photo theseparation is represented by the fence which is separating Africans from
Americans Segregation in the 20th century in America was when the Blacksand the Whites couldnt blend
To my mind this picture is a good representation of discrimination MartinLuther King and Rosa Park are the symbols of this conflict When I see somepeople wanted to change society and make people aware of these
inequalities through paintings photos speeches or parades Im grateful tothem
The picture attains its objective I like this photo because it denounces very
well the implicit problems of American society in the 20th century(by Rochella D)
Group 2 then we started a new activity about grammar on how to differentiatebetween Present Simple and Present Be + ing
You may download the documents hereyet to be uploaded
Group 1 Then we started a new activity that was initially designed by MissFernandes a colleague in the academy of Caen We first described the pictures of the superheroes
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW You need to finish the description of each picture and prepare the questions toask to your partner about the missing elements in your worksheetBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareMonday 16 november 2009
- Posted in For Fun
The Prisoner - New Series - Trailer
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A new American series that you will probably LOVE Here is the trailer Looks andsounds fantastic
Exprimer le conseil en anglais
Today after taking a test on Body beauty and body parts (phonetics included) wespoke about superstitions on Friday the 13th And we discovered that Jonathansgrand-ma was extremely supersticious and that some of you believed in supernaturalthings too like Juliette who thinks her mother can read her mind or Camille RL whois sure what she says sometimes comes true Beware of the other Camille T whohas got a black cat She is certainly a witch and she may transform us all intopiglets Just kidding of course )
Here is what we said about superstitions
Today is a special day
On Friday the 13th people who are superstitious believe something terribly
bad or something awesome will happen to them
Examples of supertisions- you shouldnt be 13 around a table
- you shouldnt walk under a ladder- you shouldnt meet a black cat
- you shouldnt break a mirror- you shouldnt celebrate a birthday before
- you should wear a rabbit leg- you shouldnt walk on a line in the street
- you shouldnt cross your legs- you should touch wood when you say something bad
- you shouldnt put hats or shoes on a bed- you shouldnt open your umbrella inside
- you shouldnt put the bread upside down
Remember to express advice there are 3 very simple structures
bull should shouldnt + V
bull had better had better not + V bull ought to ought not to + V
Chocircmage unemployment
Embaucher to hire
bull by + V+ ing au moyen de en + V+ ingbull to + V pour + V (le but)
leisure loisirshigh ndash loweacuteleveacute ndash bas
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ecirctre oblige de to have to + Vto lead to entraicircnerhuge immense= The work-week la semaine de travailIn France the 35 hours-work week was decided and implemented in the 1990rsquos by asocialist government ( Mrs Aubry)
Exercice de traduction 1) Les employeacutes doivent faire des heures suppleacutementairesEmployees must do long hoursEmployees have to do long hours2) Il y a de nombreuses faccedilons de trouver du travailThere are a lot of ways to find work3) Lrsquoimmense augmentation des reacuteseaux sociaux permettent aux gens decommuniquer drsquoavantageThe huge increase of social networks enables people to communicate more4) Le travail suppleacutementaire entraicircne des problegravemes de santeacute pour les hommessurmeneacutes
bull Homebull Mail
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bull Games + Apps
bull More
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thornyuml
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I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i mDoing for Improve my english give me your best idea
Asked in Exams Education amp References at 1200 PM on October 09 2008
Tags english idea
This question is closedReport abuse
ntn jainProfile | QampA
Rate this 00
bull Latest Answers(4)
Sort by Latest | Oldest | Top-rated
English is best improved by practice and also by taking a small course to improve grammar and communication skillsThe key to practice is to read newspapers magazines and books almost regularly You can also start talking andexpressing yourself in English with your peers friends and (if possible) relatives
Writing in English is a good habit that will strengthen your expression skills as well In case you complete this all-round approach I am sure you will do well All the best
Answered by Idle Mind an ibibo Master at 409 PM on October 13 2008
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Idle MindProfile | QampA
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you can
Answered by Rachana an ibibo Citizen at 106 PM on October 11 2008
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RachanaProfile | QampA
well ntn
its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming
future n ways ntn some tips from my side that will help yu improve yu ur english are
i Observe the mouth movements of those who speak English well and try to imitate them
When you are watching television observe the mouth movements of the speakers Repeat what they are saying whileimitating the intonation and rhythm of their speech
ii Until you learn the correct intonation and rhythm of English slow your speech down
If you speak too quickly and with the wrong intonation and rhythm native speakers will have a hard timeunderstanding you
Dont worry about your listener getting impatient with your slow speech -- it is more important that everything you say be understood
iii Listen to the music of English
Do not use the music of your native language when you speak English Each language has its own way of singing
iv Use the dictionary
Try and familiarise yourself with the phonetic symbols of your dictionary Look up the correct pronunciation of wordsthat are hard for you to say
v Make a list of frequently used words that you find difficult to pronounce and ask someone who speaks the languagewell to pronounce them for you
Record these words listen to them and practice saying them Listen and read at the same time
vi Buy books on tape
Record yourself reading some sections of the book Compare the sound of your English with that of the person readingthe book on the tape
vii Pronounce the ending of each word
Pay special attention to S and ED endings This will help you strengthen the mouth muscles that you use when youspeak English
viii Read aloud in English for 15-20 minutes every day
Research has shown it takes about three months of daily practice to develop strong mouth muscles for speaking a newlanguage
ix Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation mistakes
Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice and avoid listening to themselves speak However this is a veryimportant exercise because doing it will help you become conscious of the mistakes you are making
x Be patient
You can change the way you speak but it wont happen overnight People often expect instant results and give up toosoon You can change the way you sound if you are willing to put some effort into it
GOOD LUCK
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Answered by Anant-- an ibibo Master at 133 PM on October 09 2008
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Anant--Profile | QampA
BEST WAY ACCORDING TO ME IS READ DAILY ENGLISH NEWSPAPER IF U COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY ONE OXFORD DICTIONARY AND REFER MEANINGS AND IFU COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY MEANINGS CONVERSION OF ENGLISH TO UR MOTHER TONGUE THIS MAY TAKESOME TIME THERE WILL BE SOME IMPROVEMENT IN JUST 1 MONTH BETTER READ HINDU OR TIMES OF INDIAALL THE BEST
Answered by gyaneshwar an ibibo Citizen at 1258 PM on October 09 2008
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gyaneshwar Profile | QampA
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Meri english bahot hi weak haimain apni english kaise strong kar sakta hoonkis tarah fluentlyenglish bol sakta hoon
dearthe simple way to improve you english is to particehave you ever heard of the saying Parctise makes a man perfect so even when you you commit mistake try to learn from the mistake and rectify themand simple start askingquestion to people in Englishand if you want yo learn english donot fell embrace in the front of anyone and alsotry to read TIMES OF INDIAN
Posted in Self Development by naqeeb ahmar at 758 PM on March 17 2008Tags meri english bahot weak apni kaise strong sakta tarah fluently hoon
how to improve english plese tell me
to compose simple sentences in your mind when you are alone Stick on the idea you want to convey rather than thegrammar Speak to the native English speakers if possible Chatt with those in internet SearchI dont know the level of your english if you have basics the fun way of learning are english comics cartoon network in english or any english
movies comics will help you in speaking good english
Posted in Love amp Romance by Shiva Singh at 1015 PM on September 24 2008Tags improve english plese
How can i improve my Enlish speaking and writing both
their meanings and use them in your convesationListen to english newsFor writing read the books on letters essaysand storiesslowly you will get the idea of using english in your convenienceFinally findDear Ashok It is good you
thornyuml
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want to improve your English First and foremost thing you need is YOU All you need to do is give quality time notthe quantity Do make a conscious effort and smart work
Posted in Self Development by ashok sharma at 626 AM on October 14 2008Tags improve enlish writing
how to use GPRS in china made mob prince A960
here most of gprs settings for most of mobile service operator India to enter in your phone mannulay Here you havemanual gprs settings for vodafone hutch idea airtel bsnl airtel live airtel mobile you can enter in your phone andconfigure mannuallyManual Idea gprs Settings1 Account Name - ideaGPRS2 Username - leave Blank3 Password -leave Blank4 Homepage - httpwapideafreshcom5
Posted in Computers amp Technology by vivek soni at 145 AM on June 13 2008Tags gprs help china mad mob
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i m Doing for Improve my englishgive me your best idea
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the
pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you canwell ntn its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming future n ways ntn some tips from my sidethat will help yu improve yu ur english are i Observe
Posted in Exams Education amp References by ntn jain at 939 PM on October 13 2008Tags want improve english improve best
what is html
they want Text is what you will use English letters just like you use everyday Markup is what you will do You willwrite in plain English and then mark up what you wrote Language Some may argue that technically html is a code
but you write html in plain everyday English languageHi RockyHTML is the code behind your webpage and is whatyour browser looks for to display a webpage the way the webdesigner
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Rocky at 258 PM on May 07 2008Tags html
how I improve my english speech
and be confidentYOU CAN DOWNLOAD A LOT OF SOFTWARES FROM INTERNET IT REALLY HELPSAND ANOTHER IDEA IS TO WATCH ENGLISH CHANNELS LIKE METRO NATION NDTV GOOD TIMESAND DONT FORGET TO WATCH NDTV DISCUSSIONSget to c more english movie join times classes on english
they improvise a lotEnglish can be improved by reading booksnewspaper by discussionsThese are certain tips toimprove english
Posted in Counselling by sagar gawde at 803 PM on February 14 2008Tags improve english speech
What is the best way to enhance skills in English Which is most best website which can help tolearn English from basic to a very high class
will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin thinking in English Listening to Native Speakers as Much asPossible is the good idea to enhance your English language skills Here are someFirst of all be motivated become a
person who likes to learn English Using as many different sources methods and tools as possible will allow you tolearn faster There are many different ways
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Posted in Self Development by RAVINDRA at 644 PM on October 03 2008Tags best enhance skills website help learn english basic high
Who created the first mouse
to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThe first marketed integrated mouseshipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came from the resemblance of earlymodels which had a cord attached to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThefirst marketed integrated mouse shipped as a part
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Aryan Gusain at 212 PM on July 02 2008Tags created first mouse
Do you have any idea for FRANKLYN INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGE Its a spoken English Institutewhich gives Job Guarantee if anyone knows plz let me know
190A Maniktolla Main Road Kolkata-54 phone no 91-33-32401558 91-33-32428200 frankylnkkghotmailcomhi poonamur question gives an idea dat ur command on english is nt poor why u r lookingYou have heard rightFRANKLYN offers spoken english courses and there is also a lot of students pursuing courses there
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is often misspelled loose likely because lose has an irregular rhyme for the way itis spelled it is more common for words ending -ose to rhyme -əʊz like nose or rose but lose rhymes -u zː like news or confuse This may cause poor spellers toguess the correct spelling should match another -u z rhyming word likeː choosealthough choose is itself also an exception to the regular rhyme for words ending
-oose (typically such words including loose rhyme -u sː
like goose or caboose)o Standard We cannot afford to lose customers to our competitors
o Standard A screw is loose and I need a screwdriver to tighten it
o Non-standard If the team cannot score any points they will loose the
game
[edit] M
bull macerate marinate and marinade (From post-classical Latin marina brineshort for classical Latin aqua marina sea water)[5] In Standard English marinade
is a noun and not a verb marinate is the verb Macerate means to soften by
steeping in a liquid and in culinary terminology is used for non-protein itemsspecifically fruit [5] The word macerate is also used in science to soften bonerock etc in a liquid[5]
o Standard The meat will taste better if you marinate it in olive oil before
cookingo Standard Prepare the marinade by mixing vinegar and soy sauce
o Non-standard Marinade the meat in wine for half an hour
o Standard Macerate the fruit in wine for half an hour
o Non-standard Marinate the fruit in wine for half an hour
bull me myself and I In a traditional prescriptive grammar I is used only as a
subject me is used only as an object and myself is used only as a reflexive objectthat is to say when the subject is I and the object would otherwise be meMyself is often used incorrectly often in a form of hypercorrection Like the other reflexive pronouns myself should be used only when both the subject and objectof the verb are the speaker or as an emphatic pronoun (intensifier )
o Standard Jim and I took the train
o Standard He lent the books to Jim and me
o Standard That is I in the picture (This is very formal and seldom found
in speech)o Acceptable That is me in the picture (This is typical in informal English)
o Standard (intensifying) I myself have seen instances of that type
o Standard (reflexive) I hurt myself I did it to myself I played by myself Iwant to enjoy myself
o Non-standard Jim and me went into town
o Non-standard Me and Jim went into town
o Non-standard As for myself I prefer the red
o Non-standard He is an American like myself
o Non-standard He gave the paper to Jim and myself
o Non-standard My wife and myself do not like the development
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o Non-standard I wake upWith my eyes shut tightHoping tomorrow will
never comeFor you and I (Should be For you and me) (From You AndI Part II by Fleetwood Mac)
bull mitigate and militate To mitigate is to make something milder To militate is to
fight or exert pressure for something to happen or not to happeno Standard The seriousness of your crime was mitigated by the provocation
you were undero Standard Over-protective practices in this factory militate against
increased efficiencyo Non-standard Over-protective practices in this factory mitigate against
increased efficiency
[edit] N to R
bull novice and novitiate A novice is a prospective or trainee member of a religious
order The novitiate is the state of being a novice or the time for which one is anovice However a novice monk or nun is often incorrectly described as anovitiate (perhaps confused with initiate)
bull of and have In some dialects of spoken English of and the contracted form of have ve sound alike However in standard written English they are notinterchangeable
o Standard Susan would have stopped to eat but she was running late
o Standard You could have warned me
o Non-standard I should of known that the store would be closed (Should
be I shouldve known)
bull overestimate and underestimate There is frequent confusion between thingsthat cannot and should not be overunderestimated though the meanings areopposite
o Standard The damage caused by pollution cannot be overestimated (ie it
is so enormous that no estimate however high is excessive)o Standard The damage caused by pollution should not be underestimated
(ie it is wrong to regard it as minor)o Non-standard The damage caused by pollution cannot be underestimated
(literal meaning it is so minimal that no estimate is too small Intendedmeaning one of the previous two)
bull past and passed Past refers to events that have previously occurred while passed is the past tense of to pass whether in a congressional action or a physical occurrence
o Standard Congress passed the bill limiting the powers of the President
o Standard History is mainly concerned with the events of the past
o Non-standard He past my house on his way to the store
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bull peremptory and preemptive A peremptory act or statement is absolute it cannot be denied A preemptive action is one taken before an adversary can act
o Standard He issued a peremptory order
o Standard Preemptive air strikes stopped the enemy from launching the
new warship
bull perpetrate and perpetuate To perpetrate something is to commit it while to perpetuate is something is to cause it to continue or to keep happening
o Standard The gang perpetrated outrages against several citizens
o Standard The stories only serve to perpetuate the legend that the house is
haunted
bull perquisite and prerequisite Perquisite usually means an extra allowance or privilege Prerequisite means something required as a condition
o Standard He had all the perquisites of a movie star including a stand-in
o Standard Passing the examination was one of the prerequisites for a
teaching position
bull perspective and prospective Perspective is a view with correct visual anglesexample parallel railway tracks converging in the distance Prospective is afuture possibility or expectation
bull perspicuity and perspicacity If something is perspicuous it is easily understoodits meaning is obvious If one is perspicacious then one is quick to understand or has good insight
o Standard I admired her perspicacity she just seemed to get it so much
better than I
o Standard He expressed the idea so perspicuously that anyone couldunderstand
o Non-standard She spoke in a perspicacious way
bull peruse means to read or examine very carefully but is sometimes usederroneously when the exact opposite is meant to read superficially to glanceover quickly to skim
bull photogenic and photographic The former is to be used to mean someoneslikeness is particularly amenable to being well photographed The latter isanything pertaining to photography whether it is technical eg photographic
chemical or equipment or generic eg photographic journals
bull prescribe and proscribe To prescribe something is to command or recommendit To proscribe somebody or something is to outlaw him her or it
bull progeny and prodigy Progeny are offspring or things that follow something elseA prodigy is a genius or a marvelous example of something
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bull Quartary and quaternary Quartary (from Latin quartarius) is the fourthmember of an ordinal number word series beginning with (primary secondarytertiary) and continuing with (quintary sextary )[6] Quaternary (from Latinquaternarius) is the fourth member of a distributive number word series beginning with (singular binary ternary) and continuing with (quinary senary
septenary octonary centenary)[7][8]
In biology the non-standard usage Quaternary structure is so firmly entrenchedthat to refer to Quartary structure would be incorrect
bull redundant does not mean useless or unable to perform its function It meansthat there is an excess of something that something is surplus to requirementsand no longer needed or that it is obsolete
o Standard A new pill that will instantly cure any illness has made
antibiotics redundant (Antibiotics could still be used to cure illnesses butthey are no longer needed because a better pill has been invented)
o
Standard The week before Christmas the company made seventy-fiveworkers redundanto Non-standard Over-use of antibiotics risks making them redundant (This
should read over-use of antibiotics risks making them ineffective)
bull regimen and regiment A regimen is a system of order and may often refer to thesystematic dosing of medication A regiment is a military unit
o Standard The sick soldier was removed from his regiment
o Standard The sick soldier was ordered to complete a regimen of
amoxicillin
bull
reign and rein A reign refers to the rule of a monarch Reins are the straps usedto control the movements of an animal (typically a horse) Thus to take thereins means to assume control and to have free rein means to be free of constraints[9]
o Non-standard the Suns gave Sports Illustrateds Jack McCallum free
reign of practices[10] o Non-standard Bobby Jindal a whiz kid takes the reigns of Louisianas
Department of Health and Hospital[11]
[edit] S to T
bull sensual and sensuous Both words mean to do with the senses Sensual is moreoften applied to a pleasure or experience or to a persons character sensuous tosomeone or something of enticing appearance
o Standard Don Juan is the most sensual character in fiction
o Standard Ascetics believe in avoiding all sensual pleasures
o Standard Marilyn Monroe looks extremely sensuous in this film clip
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bull set and sit When used as a verb to set means to place or to adjust to a valuewhereas to sit means to be seated
o Standard Set the pot upon the stove
o Standard Set the temperature-control to 100 degC
o Non-standard Set down over there
o Non-standard Sit the pot on the stoveo Standard Sit on the chair
bull shrink and shirk To shirk means to consistently avoid to neglect to be tooafraid to engage To shrink means to contract to become physically smaller insize also to shrink away means to suddenly jerk away from something inhorror However to shrink from may also mean to hesitate or show reluctancetoward
o Standard I will not shirk discussion
o Standard I will not shrink from discussion
o Standard She shrank away from me
o Non-standard I will not shrink discussiono Non-standard I will not shirk from discussion
bull sight site and cite A sight is something seen a site is a place To cite is to quoteor list as a source
o Standard You are a sight for sore eyes
o Standard I found a list of the sights of Rome on a tourist site
o Standard Please cite the sources you used in your essay
o Standard You must travel to the site of the dig to see the dinosaur bones
o Standard It is necessary to have line-of-sight if you want to use
semaphore
o Non-standard One must be careful on a construction sighto Non-standard I will site the book in which I saw the statistics
o Non-standard I could not fire because I did not have line-of-site to the
target
bull temblor and trembler A temblor is an earthquake A trembler is something thattrembles
bull than and then Than is a grammatical particle and preposition associated withcomparatives whereas then is an adverb and a noun In certain dialects the twowords are usually homophones because they are function words with reduced
vowels and this may cause speakers to confuse themo Standard I like pizza more than lasagne
o Standard We ate dinner then went to the movies
o Non-standard You are a better person then I am
bull there their theyre and therere There refers to the location of somethingTheir means belonging to them Theyre is a contraction of They are Therere
is a contraction of there are[citation needed ]
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o Standard Therere five of them and theyre all coming to the restaurant for
their dinner we will meet them there
bull theres wheres etc A common spoken mistake is using a singular contractionwhen it should be plural in words like theres and wheres This stems from the
fact that therere and wherere are more difficult to enunciate and are oftenavoided for that reason in colloquial speecho Non-standard Wheres the cars (Should be Wherere)
o Non-standard Theres many types of cars (Should be Therere)
bull to too Too means in excess or also To is a preposition or is a part of a verbin the infinitive At the end of a sentence to may also refer to a dropped verb inthe infinitive
bull trimester A trimester is a period of three months[12][13] Because it is mostcommonly used in conjunction with a nine-month academic year [14] or a nine-
month term of human pregnancy[15]
it is sometimes wrongly assumed thattrimester is simply a synonym for one third[16][17] o Standard One calendar year contains four trimesters
o Non-standard Without further delay then comes ESPNcoms annual
(and overdue) First Trimester Report ushering folks back to the office bytaking stock of the seasons opening third[18]
[edit] U to Z
bull venal and venial These words are sometimes confused venal means corruptable to be bribed or for sale venial means pardonable not serious[2][19]
o Standard According to Catholic doctrine eating meat on a Friday is avenial sin but murder is a mortal sin
o Standard All ages have examples of venal politicians
bull warranty and warrantee A warranty is a legal assurance that some object can perform some specified task or meets certain quality standards A warrantee is the person who benefits from a warranty The verb form is warrant Confusion herecan stem from guarantee and the less common guaranty which have similar meanings
o Standard Most new cars come with at least a three-year warranty
o Standard I guarantee that you will make a return on your investment
o Non-standard Your mobile phone has stopped working Maybe you needto claim under the warrantee
bull whose and whos Whose is an interrogative word (Whose is this) or a relative pronoun (The people whose house you admired) whos is a contraction for whois or who has
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bull wont and wont Wont is a contraction for will not while wont is a wordmeaning accustomed or inclined to (as an adjective) or habit or custom (as anoun)
o Standard He wont let me drive his car
o Standard He spent the morning reading as he was wont to do
o Standard He took a walk in the evening as was his wonto Non-standard I wont need to go to the supermarket after all
bull youre and your While they sound the same in many dialects in standard writtenEnglish they have separate meanings Youre is a contraction for you are and your is a possessive pronoun meaning belonging to you When in doubt just seewhether the word in question can logically be expanded to you are
o Standard When driving always wear your seatbelt
o Standard If youre going out please be home by ten oclock
o Non-standard Youre mother called this morning
o Non-standard Your the first person to notice my new haircut today
bull aggravate ndash Some prescriptivists have argued that this word should not be used inthe sense of to annoy or to oppress but only to mean to make worseHowever this proscription against to annoy is not rooted in history Accordingto AHDI the annoy usage occurs in English as far back as the 17th centuryfurthermore in Latin from which the word was borrowed both meanings wereused[1] Sixty-eight percent of AHD4s Usage Panel approves of its use in Its theendless wait for luggage that aggravates me the most about air travel [2] M-Wmentions that while aggravate in the sense of to rouse to displeasure or anger byusually persistent and often petty goading has been around since the 17thcentury disapproval of that usage only appeared around 1870[3] RH states in its
usage note under aggravate that The two most common senses of aggravate areto make worse and to annoy or exasperate Both senses first appeared in theearly 17th century at almost the same time the corresponding two senses of thenoun aggravation also appeared then Both senses of aggravate and aggravation
have been standard since then[4] Chambers cites this usage as colloquial andthat it is well established especially in spoken English although it is sometimesregarded as incorrect[5]
o Disputed usage Its the endless wait for luggage that aggravates me the
most about air travelo Undisputed usage Being hit on the head by a falling brick aggravated my
already painful headache
bull aint ndash originally a contraction of am not this word is widely used as areplacement for arent isnt havent and hasnt as well While aint hasexisted in the English language for a very long time and it is a common normalword in many dialects in both North America and the British Isles it is not a partof standard English and its use in formal writing is not recommended by mostusage commentators Its unselfconscious use in speech may tend to mark thespeaker as uneducated Nevertheless aint is used by educated speakers and
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writers for deliberate effect what Oxford American Dictionary describes astongue-in-cheek or reverse snobbery and what Merriam-Webster Collegiate
calls emphatic effect or a consistently informal style[6]
bull alibi ndash Some prescriptivists argue this cannot be used in the non-legal sense of
an explanation or excuse to avoid blame or justify action AHD4 notes that thisusage was acceptable to almost half[7] of the Usage Panel while most opposedthe words use as a verb M-W mentions no usage problems listing the disputedmeaning second to its legal sense without comment OED cites the non-legal nounand verb usages as colloquial and orig[inally] US[8] Chambers deems this usecolloquial[9]
bull alright ndash An alternate to all right that some consider illiterate but others allowRH says that it probably arose in analogy with other similar words such asaltogether and already it does concede the use in writing as informal and thatall right is used in more formal edited writing[10] AHD4 flags alright as
nonstandard
[11]
and comments that this unacceptance (compared to altogether etc) is peculiar and may be due to its relative recentness (altogether andalready date back to the Middle Ages alright only a little over a century)[12]
Chambers refers to varying levels of formality of all right deeming alright to bemore casual it recommends the use of all right in writing for readers who are precise about the use of language[13]
bull also ndash Some prescriptivists contend this word should not be used to begin asentence AHD4 says 63 percent of the Usage Panel found acceptable theexample The warranty covers all power-train components Also participating dealers back their work with a free lifetime service guarantee[14] See also and amp
but below
bull alternate ndash In British English this adjective means according to OED and other sources switching between two options or similar It does not mean the same asalternative (see next) which OED specifically marks as an American meaning of alternate In international English it is thus thought better to observe the Britishdistinction then the meanings of alternative and alternate will be clear toeveryone (See meanings given at M-W the same applies to the adverbsalternately and alternatively)
bull alternative ndash Some prescriptivists argue that alternative should be used onlywhen the number of choices involved is exactly two While AHD4 allows thewords longstanding use to mean one of a number of things from which only onecan be chosen and the acceptance of this usage by many language critics it goeson to state that only 49 of its Usage panel approves of its use as in Of the threealternatives the first is the least distasteful[15] Neither M-W[16] nor RH[17]
mentions any such restriction to a choice of two Chambers qualifies its definitionas referring to strictly speaking two but often used of more than two possibilities[18]
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bull ampm ndash These are Latin abbreviations for the adverbial phrases antemeridiem (before noon) and post meridiem (after noon) Some prescriptivistsargue that they thus should not be used in English as nouns meaning morningand afternoon however such use is consistent with ordinary nominalizationfeatures of English AHD4 lists adjectival usage with an AM appointment [19]
and a PM appointment[20]
RH gives Shall we meet Saturday am[19]
withoutcomment it gives no corresponding example at pm so that usage can only beextrapolated Also the National Institute of Standards and Technology (nd)contends it is incorrect to use 12 am or 12 pm to mean either noon or midnight
bull amongamongst and between ndash The traditionalist view is that between shouldonly be used when there are only two objects for comparison and among or amongst should be used for more than two objects Most style guides anddictionaries do not support this advice saying that between can be used to refer tosomething that is in the time space or interval that separates more than two itemsM-W says that the idea that between can be used only of two items is persistent
but unfounded
[21]
and AHD4 calls it a widely repeated but unjustified tradition[22] The OED says In all senses between has been from its earliest appearanceextended to more than two[23] Chambers says It is acceptable to use between
with reference to more than two people or things although does state that among
may be more appropriate in some circumstances[24] o Undisputed usage I parked my car between the two telegraph poles
o Undisputed usage Youll find my brain between my ears
o Disputed usage The duck swam between the reeds
o Disputed usage They searched the area between the river the farmhouse
and the woodso Undisputed usage We shared the money evenly amongst the three of us
o
Disputed usage We shared the money between Tom Dick and meo Undisputed usage My house was built among the gum trees
bull amount ndash Some prescriptivists argue amount should not be substituted for number They recommend the use of number if the thing referred to is countableand amount only if it is uncountable While RH acknowledges the traditionaldistinction between amount and number it mentions that [a]lthough objected tothe use of amount instead of number with countable nouns occurs in both speechand writing especially when the noun can be considered as a unit or group (theamount of people present the amount of weapons) or when it refers to money(the amount of dollars paid the amount of pennies in the till)[25] (see also less)
o
Disputed usage I was amazed by the amount of people who visited mywebsite (With knowledge of the exact number)o Undisputed usage The number of people in the lift must not exceed 10
o Undisputed usage I was unimpressed by the amount of water consumed
by the elephant
bull and ndash Some prescriptivists argue that sentences should not begin with the wordand on the argument that as a conjunction it should only join clauses within a
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sentence AHD4 states that this stricture has been ridiculed by grammarians for decades and ignored by writers from Shakespeare to Joyce Carol Oates[26] RHstates Both and and but and to a lesser extent or and so are common astransitional words at the beginnings of sentences in all types of speech andwriting it goes on to suggest that opposition to this usage probably stems from
the overuse of such sentences by inexperienced writers[27]
ENCARTA opinesthat said opposition comes from too literal an understanding of the joiningfunction of conjunctions and states that any overuse is a matter of poor style notgrammatical correctness[28] COED calls the usage quite acceptable[29] Manyverses of the King James Bible begin with and as does William Blakes poem And did those feet in ancient time (aka Jerusalem) Fowlers Modern EnglishUsage defends this use of and Chambers states that Although it is sometimesregarded as poor style it is not ungrammatical to begin a sentence with and [30]
See also also above and but below
bull anxious ndash Some prescriptivists argue that this word should only be used in the
sense of worried or worrisome (compare anxiety) but it has been used inthe sense of eager for over 250 years 52 of AHD4s Usage Panel accepts itsuse in the sentence We are anxious to see the new show of contemporarysculpture at the museum Also it suggests that the use of anxious to mean eager
may be mild hyperbole as the use of dying in the sentence Im dying to see your new baby[31] RH states bluntly that its use in the sense of eageris fullystandard[32] M-W defines anxious as 3 ardently or earnestly wishing ltanxiousto learn moregt synonym see EAGER[33] Chambers gives 3 very eager bullanxious to do well[34]
[edit] B
bull barbaric and barbarous mdash Barbaric applies to the culture of barbarians and may be positive (barbaric splendor) barbarous applies to the behavior of barbariansand is negative (barbarous cruelty) This is standard English usage HoweverM-W equates the third meaning of barbaric with the third of barbarous thatis mercilessly harsh or cruel[35] COD11 and Chambers list savagely cruel andcruel and brutal excessively harsh or vicious[36] respectively as the first
meanings for barbaric Only AHD4 disallows this usage and without comment[37]
o Undisputed The environment of the venue was barbaric
o Undisputed Terrorism is barbarous
o Disputed Capital punishment is a disgusting barbaric measure
bull begging the question In logic begging the question is another term for petitio
principii or arguing in a circle in other words making assumptions in advanceabout the very issue in dispute Now often used to mean simply leading to thequestion
o Undisputed You argue that Christianity must be true because the Bible
says so Isnt that begging the question
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o Disputed You want to go to the theatre That begs the question which day
we should go
bull but ndash Some prescriptivists argue that if and should not be used to begin sentencesthen neither should but These words are both conjunctions thus they believe that
they should be used only to link clauses within a sentence AHD4 states that itmay be used to begin a sentence at all levels of style [38]
[edit] C
bull can and may ndash Some prescriptivists argue that can refers to possibility and may
refers to permission and insist on maintaining this distinction although usage of can to refer to permission is pervasive in spoken and very frequent in writtenEnglish M-W notes Can and may are most frequently interchangeable in sensesdenoting possibility because the possibility of ones doing something may (or can) depend on anothers acquiescence they have also become interchangeable in
the sense denoting permission The use of can to ask or grant permission has beencommon since the 19th century and is well established although somecommentators feel may is more appropriate in formal contexts May is relativelyrare in negative constructions (maynt is not common) cannot and cant are usualin such contexts[39] AHD4 echoes this sentiment of formality noting that only21 of the Usage Panel accepted can in the example Can I take another week tosubmit the application[40] For its part OED labels the use of can for may ascolloquial[41]
bull comprise ndash Comprise means to consist of A second meaning to compose or constitute is sometimes attacked by usage writers However it is supported as
sense 3 along with a usage note in M-W[42] and although AHD4 notes the usageas a usage problem its usage note says Our surveys show that opposition tothis usage is abating In the 1960s 53 percent of the Usage Panel found this usageunacceptable in 1996 only 35 percent objected[43]
o Undisputed usage The English Wikipedia comprises more than two
million articleso Disputed usage The English Wikipedia comprises of more than two
million articleso Disputed usage The English Wikipedia is comprised of more than two
million articleso Disputed usage More than two million articles comprise the English
Wikipediao Disputed usage Diatoms comprise more than 70 of all phytoplankton
o Undisputed usage Diatoms constitute more than 70 of all
phytoplanktono Disputed usage Those in the industry have mostly scoffed at the young
inexperienced Carter and the rest of the high school pals that comprise thecompany[44]
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Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] D
bull deprecate ndash The original meaning in English is deplore or express disapproval
of (the Latin from which the word derives means pray to avert evil suggestingthat some event would be a calamity) The word is now also used to mean playdown belittle or devalue a shift that some prescriptivists disapprove of as itsuggests the word is being confused with the similar word depreciate in factAHD4 states that in this sense deprecate has almost completely supplanteddepreciate however a majority of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved thissense[45] Its use with the approximate meaning to declare obsolete in computer jargon is also sometimes condemned
bull diagnose ndash Cochrane (2004) states that to diagnose [someone] with a disease isan incorrect usage of the verb diagnose which takes the physician as subject and
a disease as object (eg to diagnose cancer) In American English according toAHD4[46] and M-W[47] the sense of diagnose [someone] with a disease is listedwithout comment or tag however for its part RH does not list such a usage withor without comment For British English COD11 offers identify the medicalcondition of (someone) she was diagnosed as having epilepsy (2004) this usagehowever did not appear in editions as recently as the 1990s Chambers does notoffer this sense at all[48]
o Disputed usage Mr Smith was diagnosed with diabetes
o Undisputed usage The doctor diagnosed diabetes
bull different ndash Standard usage in both Britain and America is different from (on the
analogy of to differ from) In Britain this competes with different to (coinedon the analogy of similar to) In America it competes with different than(coined on the analogy of other than) Different to is also found in IrishAustralian and New Zealand English
o Undisputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different
from the Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different to the
Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different than
the British
bull disinterested ndash Standard usage is as a word for unbiased but some have alsorendered it synonymous with uninterested or apathetic
o Undisputed usage As their mutual best friend I tried to remain
disinterested in their argument so as not to anger eithero Disputed usage The key to attracting a member of the opposite sex is to
balance between giving attention to him or her and appearingdisinterested
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bull due to ndash The adjectival use of due to is undisputed Its adverbial use howeverhas been a subject of dispute for many years as witnessed by several (especiallyUS) dictionary usage notes that in the end designate it as standard WilliamStrunk in his Elements of style labelled the disputed adverbial use of due to asincorrect [49] Although the first (1926) edition of FOWLER condemned the
adverbial use as common only among the illiterate the third (1996) editionsaid Opinion remains sharply divided but it begins to look as if this use of due
to will form part of the natural language of the 21C as one more example of aforgotten battle Due to is frequently used in place of from for with of because
of and other prepositions Undisputed synonyms for due to are caused by andattributable to
o Disputed usage He died due to cancer (He died of cancer)
o Disputed usage Due to the end of the Second War circumstances altered
profoundly (With the end of the Second War circumstances altered profoundly)
o Disputed usage The project failed due to lack of funds (The project
failed for lack of funds) o Undisputed usage His death was due to cancer
o Undisputed usage Many thought the problem was due to mismanagement
[edit] E
bull enormity ndash Frequently used as a synonym for enormousness or immensity but traditionally means extreme wickedness According to AHD4 thisdistinction has not always occurred historically but is now supported by 59 of the dictionarys Usage Panel[50] COD11 states that enormity as a synonym for hugeness is now broadly accepted as standard English Although Chambers lists
immenseness or vastness as a meaning it says it should not be used in thatsense commenting that it is encountered often because the word enormousness isawkward it recommends using instead another word such as hugeness greatness etc[51]
o Disputed usage The enormity of the elephant astounded me
o Traditional usage The enormity of Stalins purges astounds me
[edit] F
bull farther and further ndash Many prescriptivists adhere to the rule that farther only
should refer to matters of physical distance or position while further should bereserved for usages involving time or degree (as well as undisputed descriptionsof moreover and in addition)
o Disputed usage San Jose is further from LA than Santa Barbara
o Disputed usage LA was a couple hours farther from home than I
expectedo Disputed usage If her fever increases any farther I will call the doctor
o Undisputed usage I would like to discuss the issue further at a later time
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bull fortuitously ndash Used by some interchangeably with fortunately strictly speaking fortuitousness is a reference to an occurrence depending on chance M-W notesthat use of the word in sense of fortunate has been in standard use for at least 70years and notes that the sense of coming or happening by a lucky chance isvirtually unnoticed by usage critics[52][clarification needed ]
[edit] G
bull gender ndash Gender is often used interchangeably with sex in the sense of the biological or social quality male and female It is never used to refer to sexualintercourse
o Gender traditionally refers to grammatical gender a feature in the
grammar of a number of different languages Some prescriptivists arguethat its use as a euphemism for sex is to be avoided as a genteelismFowler (p 211) says it is used either as a jocularityor a blunder
o Sex and gender can be used in different but related senses with sex
referring to biological characteristics and gender to social roles andexpectations based on sex Use of gender as interchangeable with or as areplacement for sex may confuse readers who draw this distinction See
gender identity gender role
[edit] H
bull hoi polloi ndash The question surrounding hoi polloi is whether it is appropriate to usethe article the preceding the phrase it arises because hoi is the Greek word for the in the phrase and classical purists complain that adding the makes the phrase
redundant the the common people Foreign phrases borrowed into English areoften reanalyzed as single grammatical units requiring an English article inappropriate contexts AHD4 says The Arabic element al- means the andappears in English nouns such as alcohol and alchemy Thus since no one wouldconsider a phrase such as the alcohol to be redundant criticizing the hoi polloi onsimilar grounds seems pedantic[53]
bull hopefully ndash Some prescriptivists argue this word should not be used as anexpression of confidence in an outcome however M-W classes hopefully withother words such as interestingly frankly and unfortunately (which areunremarkably used in a similar way) as disjuncts and describes this usage as
entirely standard
[54]
AHD4 however notes that opposition to this usage by their usage panels has grown from 56 to 73 despite support for similar disjuncts(such as 60 support for the use of mercifully in Mercifully the game ended before the opponents could add another touchdown to the lopsided score) AHD4opines that this opposition is not to the use of these adverbs in general but thatthis use of hopefully has become a shibboleth[55] OED lists this usage withoutany colloquial or other label other than to say Avoided by many writers[56]
See also the discussion of hopefully as a dangling modifier One investigation in
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modern corpora on Language Log revealed that outside fiction where it stillrepresents 40 of all uses (the other qualifying primarily speech and gazes)disjunct uses account for the vast majority (over 90) of all uses of the word[57]
o Disputed usage Hopefully Ill get that scholarship
o Undisputed usage The prisoner thought hopefully about the prospect for
escape when he realized the guards accidentally left his cell unlocked
Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] L
bull less ndash Some prescriptivists argue that less should not be substituted for fewer Merriam-Webster notes The traditional view is that less applies to matters of degree value or amount and modifies collective nouns mass nouns or nounsdenoting an abstract whole while fewer applies to matters of number and modifies plural nouns Less has been used to modify plural nouns since the days of King
Alfred and the usage though roundly decried appears to be increasing Less ismore likely than fewer to modify plural nouns when distances sums of moneyand a few fixed phrases are involved ltless than 100 milesgt ltan investment of less
than $2000gt ltin 25 words or lessgt and as likely as fewer to modify periods of time ltin less (or fewer ) than four hoursgt[58]
o Disputed usage This lane 12 items or less
o Undisputed usage We had fewer players on the team this season
o Undisputed usage There is less water in the tank now
bull like and as ndash Some prescriptivists object to the use of like as a conjunction statingit is rather a preposition and that only as would be appropriate in this
circumstance M-W however cites likes use as a conjunction as standard sincethe 14th century and opines that opposition to it is perhaps more heated thanrational (see M-Ws entry like [7 conjunction]) AHD4 says Writers sinceChaucers time have used like as a conjunction but 19th-century and 20th-centurycritics have been so vehement in their condemnations of this usage that a writer who uses the construction in formal style risks being accused of illiteracy or worse and recommends using as in formal speech and writing[59] OED does nottag it as colloquial or nonstandard but notes Used as conj[unction] = like asas Now generally condemned as vulgar or slovenly though examples may befound in many recent writers of standing[60] Chambers lists the conjunctive useas colloquial[61]
o Undisputed usage He is an American as am Io Undisputed usage He is an American like me
o Undisputed usage It looks as if this play will be a flop
o Undisputed usage This play looks like a flop
o Disputed usage He is an American like I am
o Disputed usage It looks like this play will be a flop
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bull literally ndash Some prescriptivists argue literally should not be used as a mereemphatic unless the thing to which it refers is actually true It is used todisambiguate a possible metaphorical interpretation of a phrase M-W does notcondemn the second use which means in effect or virtually but says the useis pure hyperbole intended to gain emphasis but it often appears in contexts
where no additional emphasis is necessary[62]
o Disputed usage The party literally went with a bang (No it did not
unless there was an actual loud noise)o Undisputed usage I literally ran more than 25 miles today I ran a
marathon
bull loan ndash The use of loan as a verb meaning to give out a loan is disputed withlend being preferred for the verb form AHD4 flatly states [t]he verb loan is wellestablished in American usage and cannot be considered incorrect[63] M-W statesloan is entirely standard as a verb[64] RH says Sometimes mistakenlyidentified as an Americanism loan as a verb meaning to lend has been used in
English for nearly 800 years it further states that objections to this use arecomparatively recent[65] Chambers defines the verb loan as to lend (especiallymoney)[66] OED merely states Now chiefly US[67] and COD11 includes themeaning without tag or comment
o Undisputed usage I lent him some money
o Undisputed usage Fill out the paperwork for a loan
o Disputed usage I loaned him some money
[edit] M
bull may and might ndash May should only be used where the event in question is still
possible not for something that was possible in the past or for a hypothetical present possibility Might is properly the past tense form of may (In similar fashion could should and would are all past tense forms for can shalland will respectively)
o Undisputed usage My brother may have gone to China last week
( perhaps he did )o Disputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother may have gone
to China last week (but he didnt )o Undisputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother might have
gone to China last weeko Disputed usage He thought it may be true (but it wasnt )
o Undisputed usage He thought it might be true
bull meet ndash Some prescriptivists state that as a transitive verb in the context to cometogether by chance or arrangement meet (as in meet (someone)) does not requirea preposition between verb and object the phrase meet with (someone) is deemedincorrect Chambers flags this usage US[68] RH allows it in the sense of to joinas for conference or instruction I met with her an hour a day until we solved the problem[69] On the other hand none of M-W AHD4 or COD11 entertains this
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usage NOTE In the sense of fulfilling prerequisites or criteria (We met with theentry requirements) or that of encountering (Our suggestions may meet with
opposition the soldiers met with machine-gun fire) the verb phrase meet with isnot in dispute
o Disputed usage I will meet with you tonight
o
Undisputed usage I will meet you tonight
bull momentarily ndash Traditionally momentarily means for a moment but its use tomean in a moment is sometimes disputed M-W[70] and RH[71] give this latter usage a standard entry without comment while OED[72] and Chambers[73] tag itNAmer AHD4 has a usage note indicating that 59 of their Usage Paneldeems this usage unacceptable[74]
o Disputed usage Your feature presentation will begin momentarily
o Undisputed usage The flash from the atom bomb momentarily lit up the
night sky
[edit] N
bull nauseous ndash Traditionally nauseous means causing nausea (synonymous withnauseating) it is commonly used now as a synonym for queasy that ishaving the feeling of nausea AHD4 notes the traditional view stating that 72 of the Usage Panel preferred nauseated over nauseous to mean affected withnausea however 88 of that same panel preferred nauseating to nauseous tomean causing nausea in other words a maximum of only 28 prefersnauseous in either case It also states that in common usage nauseous issynonymous with nauseated but deems this usage incorrect[75] M-W howeverasserts that [t]hose who insist that nauseous is an error for nauseated are
mistaken[76] Both M-W and AHD4 accept that nauseous is supplantingnauseated for feeling nausea and in turn being replaced by nauseating for causing nausea in general usage they only differ on the correctness of thechange RH states The two literal senses of nauseous [] appear in English atalmost the same time in the early 17th century and both senses are in standard useat the present time Nauseous is more common than nauseated in the senseaffected with nausea despite recent objections by those who imagine the sense to be new[77] CHAMBERS lists the sense of causing nausea first and affected withnausea second[78] while COD11 gives the affliction first and causation second both dictionaries list the entries without comment OED goes further tagging itsnauseated usage as Orig[inally] US but demoted its nauseating usage to
literary OED also notes that the original (now obsolete) sense of the word inEnglish was inclined to sickness or nausea squeamish[79] Curiously this oldestseventeenth-century meaning (inclined to nausea) while distinct from thedisputed twentieth-century usage (afflicted by nausea) more closely resemblesthe latter than it does the prescribed meaning (causing nausea)
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseous
o Disputed usage That smell is making me nauseous
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseating
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882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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future tense (The supervisor will be back presently)[80] M-W mentions the samevintage for the sense of now and that it is not clear why it is objectionable[81]
AHD4 states that despite its use nowadays in literate speech and writing thatthere is still lingering prejudice against this use In the late 1980s only 50 of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved of the sentence General Walters is hellip
presently the United States Ambassador to the United Nations[82]
COD11 lists both usages without comment CHAMBERS merely flags the sense of now asN Amer especially US[83]
o Disputed usage I am presently reading Wikipedia
o Undisputed usage I will be finished with that activity presently
[edit] R
bull refute ndash The traditional meaning of refute is disprove or dispel with reasoned
arguments It is now often used as a synonym for deny The latter sense islisted without comment by M-W[84] and AHD4[85] while CHAMBERS tags it ascolloquial[86] COD11 states that Traditionalists object to [the use of refute asdeny] but it is now widely accepted in standard English However RH does notmention this use at all[87]
bull relatively ndash Literally meaning compared to some now use relatively to meanmoderately or somewhat AHD4 does not list this usage at all [88] M-W hasapparently blended the two usages in one[89]
o Disputed usage That man was relatively annoying
o Undisputed usage Though relatively harmless when compared to
dimethylmercury mercury (II) oxide is still quite toxic
[edit] S
bull Scotch Scots and Scottish ndash Formerly English people used Scotch whereScottish people used Scottish The current convention is as follows
o Scottish for people
o Scotch for things (especially whisky)
o Scots for institutions (Scots law Scots language)
bull
seek ndash This means look for but is used to mean try or want This usage iscriticised by Fowler in the entry Formal Words
o Disputed usage we did seek to resolve the Iraq crisis by peaceful
means those who seek to emulate his legacy of murder the Liberalsseek to undermine that future[attribution needed ]
o Undisputed usage Seek and ye shall find
[edit] T
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull than mdash Than is the subject of a longstanding dispute as to its status as a preposition or conjunction see than For the disputed construction different thansee Different
bull they mdash Prescriptivists regard this as a plural pronoun that uses a third person
plural verb conjugation (see below they show) but the word is now commonlyused especially in speech and informal writing as a non-gender-specific third- person singular pronoun (which modern English otherwise lacks) Alternativesinclude he or she and generic he Some writers argue that generic he isgeneric (as the name implies) and thus includes both sexes Others find it sexist or too old-fashioned The pronouns you or one can be used in some sentences
o Disputed usage A person is rude if they show no respect for their hosts
o Undisputed usage One is rude if one shows no respect for ones hosts
o Undisputed usage It is rude not to show respect for hosts
o Undisputed usage Many people have told me that they are satisfied with
their food
bull thusly mdash Thusly (AHD4 suggests) was originally coined by educated writers tomake fun of uneducated persons trying to sound genteel[90] Thusly howeverdiffused into popular usage Some people accept it as an adverb in its own rightwhile others believe thus should be used in all cases The word thusly appearswith no associated usage notes in M-W[91] COD11 tags it as informal with theentry thus tagged as literary or formal CHAMBERS does not list the word atall and it is unknown in British usage[92]
[edit] U
bull unique ndash Some prescriptivists argue that unique only means sole or unequaled (British spelling unequalled) but most dictionaries give a thirdmeaning unusual which can be qualified by very or somewhat as in Thetheme of the party was somewhat unique see comparison Almost unique isuniversally acceptable[citation needed ]
[edit] W
bull
whilst and while mdash Penguin Working Words recommends while only and notesthat whilst is old-fashioned Cambridge Guide to English Usage and M-WsWebsters Guide to English Usage comment on its regional character and notethat it is rare in American usage It is thus safer to use only while in internationalEnglish (See the article While for further sources deprecating the use of whilst and cautioning about uses of while)
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull who mdash Some prescriptivists argue that who should be used only as a subject pronoun the corresponding object pronoun being whom Strictly speakingusing who instead of whom is substituting a subjective pronoun for an objective pronoun and hence is the same as using she instead of her (eg I talked to she
today) Most people never use whom in spoken English and instead use who for
all cases Those who use whom in everyday speech may recognize substitution of who as substandard FOWLER has an extensive entry on who and whom
including several quotes from major publications where whom is used incorrectlyo Undisputed usage You are talking to whom
o Disputed usage You are talking to who
o Undisputed usage To whom are you talking
o Disputed usage To who are you talking
o Disputed usage far more hostile to Diana whom she believes betrayed
the Prince of WalesmdashIndependent Mag 1993 (FOWLER)o Undisputed usage far more hostile to Diana who she believes betrayed
the Prince of Wales
o Disputed usage Whom do men say that I am (Mark 927 King JamesVersion)
bull whoever mdash This extension of who (see above) along with its object formwhomever is attended by the same uncertainties as who along with whom and isdiscussed in the same sources (See the relevant section at Who)
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever wants it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever you think should have it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whomever you choose to give it
o Disputed usage Give it to whoever you choose to give it to
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever wants it
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever you think should have it
Module - Pair work - Asking questions to yourpartner
Hey
with Group 2 we first talked a little about food at the beginning of the class as awarm up And here is what we said
to be written by Franc
Then today was the first day that we worked in pairs You had to find informationabout superhero characters asking questions to your partner
Here are the two worksheets if you still need to complete them
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW you need to be able to speak about the picture of a super hero + speak about
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their story + give the common points between all the super heroes presented Yourpresentation will last about 3 to 5 minutes You can send me some drafts (brouillon)if neededBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - Tale LV2
Southern Trees - beginning of the study
Hey
today we first warmed up about your future jobs while waiting for those who werelate Here is what you said
I would like to become an architect when I leave highschool (Selma)I want to study law to be a lawyer maybe ( Jeacuterocircme)
Structures WANT TO WOULD LIKE TO -- Attention aux noms de meacutetiers quisont preacuteceacutedeacutes de larticle aan
Then we did a quick recap about what Jim Crow laws used to be Here is what wesaid
bull Jim Crow Laws
These were laws about racial segregation until the end of the 1960sBlacks were not allowed to go to school with Whites
Blacks were not allowed to attend school with WhitesBlacks were forbidden to live together there were separate water
fountains rest rooms or entrances at restaurantsThey were prohibited to sit at the front of a bus
bull KKK(1865-)
white Protestantssupremacy of the white race
white costumesterrorism and violence to oppress Blacks
Finally we listened to the text and we started our general comprehesion by
highlighting the important information about the type of document the places thetime Here is what we wrote
bull Text Southern Trees
- type of doc extract from the autobiographic novel of Billie Holliday- who Billie Holliday Lewis Allen piano player of Billie Pop audience bitch
- where in New-York at Cafe Society on 52nd Street Miami Los Angeles
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- when published in 1956
HW you need to finish answering the usual wh- questions about the text (inparticular about the feelings of the characters involved) You also need to divide thetext into 2 parts give them a title and justify your titles
NB you will have a vocabulary test next week with the words from the lesson andthe words from the tool box p 53 You may also have a test about the text andabout racial discrimination in the US on Wednesday It will depend on how far we areinto the study of the document Southern TreesBy English Prof
Enter comment - View comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Spiderman - Page 3
This morning with the whole class we first warmed up with why I was a little late inclass Here is what we wrote
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
Then we studied the last page from Spiderman
There was a secretary for each person that spoke about a panel Here are the notesthat we took while they were speaking
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
HW you will be able to speak about the document at the beginning of the class in arow (dun seul trait )You can download the last page here
By English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Oral tests about picture presentation + Lastsuperhero activity in pair work
Hey
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today in module I asked you to speak about the picture p 152 that you had tocomment You need to improve your analysis Ill be asking other students next timeagain
Here is an example of presentation Its not perfect but its a rather good one
The document is a picture where there are two parts In the first part wecan see a white family at the bottom who is sitting in a garden They looksurprised and they are looking at the second family who feels happy and
impressed Contrary to the white family they are standing and clad with
their traditional dress Its a black family
To me the scene takes place in the USA and the goal of this picture is todenounce discrimination which treats people differently in society
The photographer aims at criticizing segregation In this photo theseparation is represented by the fence which is separating Africans from
Americans Segregation in the 20th century in America was when the Blacksand the Whites couldnt blend
To my mind this picture is a good representation of discrimination MartinLuther King and Rosa Park are the symbols of this conflict When I see somepeople wanted to change society and make people aware of these
inequalities through paintings photos speeches or parades Im grateful tothem
The picture attains its objective I like this photo because it denounces very
well the implicit problems of American society in the 20th century(by Rochella D)
Group 2 then we started a new activity about grammar on how to differentiatebetween Present Simple and Present Be + ing
You may download the documents hereyet to be uploaded
Group 1 Then we started a new activity that was initially designed by MissFernandes a colleague in the academy of Caen We first described the pictures of the superheroes
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW You need to finish the description of each picture and prepare the questions toask to your partner about the missing elements in your worksheetBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareMonday 16 november 2009
- Posted in For Fun
The Prisoner - New Series - Trailer
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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A new American series that you will probably LOVE Here is the trailer Looks andsounds fantastic
Exprimer le conseil en anglais
Today after taking a test on Body beauty and body parts (phonetics included) wespoke about superstitions on Friday the 13th And we discovered that Jonathansgrand-ma was extremely supersticious and that some of you believed in supernaturalthings too like Juliette who thinks her mother can read her mind or Camille RL whois sure what she says sometimes comes true Beware of the other Camille T whohas got a black cat She is certainly a witch and she may transform us all intopiglets Just kidding of course )
Here is what we said about superstitions
Today is a special day
On Friday the 13th people who are superstitious believe something terribly
bad or something awesome will happen to them
Examples of supertisions- you shouldnt be 13 around a table
- you shouldnt walk under a ladder- you shouldnt meet a black cat
- you shouldnt break a mirror- you shouldnt celebrate a birthday before
- you should wear a rabbit leg- you shouldnt walk on a line in the street
- you shouldnt cross your legs- you should touch wood when you say something bad
- you shouldnt put hats or shoes on a bed- you shouldnt open your umbrella inside
- you shouldnt put the bread upside down
Remember to express advice there are 3 very simple structures
bull should shouldnt + V
bull had better had better not + V bull ought to ought not to + V
Chocircmage unemployment
Embaucher to hire
bull by + V+ ing au moyen de en + V+ ingbull to + V pour + V (le but)
leisure loisirshigh ndash loweacuteleveacute ndash bas
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ecirctre oblige de to have to + Vto lead to entraicircnerhuge immense= The work-week la semaine de travailIn France the 35 hours-work week was decided and implemented in the 1990rsquos by asocialist government ( Mrs Aubry)
Exercice de traduction 1) Les employeacutes doivent faire des heures suppleacutementairesEmployees must do long hoursEmployees have to do long hours2) Il y a de nombreuses faccedilons de trouver du travailThere are a lot of ways to find work3) Lrsquoimmense augmentation des reacuteseaux sociaux permettent aux gens decommuniquer drsquoavantageThe huge increase of social networks enables people to communicate more4) Le travail suppleacutementaire entraicircne des problegravemes de santeacute pour les hommessurmeneacutes
bull Homebull Mail
bull Photos
bull Music
bull Games + Apps
bull More
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thornyuml
thornyuml
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I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i mDoing for Improve my english give me your best idea
Asked in Exams Education amp References at 1200 PM on October 09 2008
Tags english idea
This question is closedReport abuse
ntn jainProfile | QampA
Rate this 00
bull Latest Answers(4)
Sort by Latest | Oldest | Top-rated
English is best improved by practice and also by taking a small course to improve grammar and communication skillsThe key to practice is to read newspapers magazines and books almost regularly You can also start talking andexpressing yourself in English with your peers friends and (if possible) relatives
Writing in English is a good habit that will strengthen your expression skills as well In case you complete this all-round approach I am sure you will do well All the best
Answered by Idle Mind an ibibo Master at 409 PM on October 13 2008
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Idle MindProfile | QampA
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you can
Answered by Rachana an ibibo Citizen at 106 PM on October 11 2008
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RachanaProfile | QampA
well ntn
its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming
future n ways ntn some tips from my side that will help yu improve yu ur english are
i Observe the mouth movements of those who speak English well and try to imitate them
When you are watching television observe the mouth movements of the speakers Repeat what they are saying whileimitating the intonation and rhythm of their speech
ii Until you learn the correct intonation and rhythm of English slow your speech down
If you speak too quickly and with the wrong intonation and rhythm native speakers will have a hard timeunderstanding you
Dont worry about your listener getting impatient with your slow speech -- it is more important that everything you say be understood
iii Listen to the music of English
Do not use the music of your native language when you speak English Each language has its own way of singing
iv Use the dictionary
Try and familiarise yourself with the phonetic symbols of your dictionary Look up the correct pronunciation of wordsthat are hard for you to say
v Make a list of frequently used words that you find difficult to pronounce and ask someone who speaks the languagewell to pronounce them for you
Record these words listen to them and practice saying them Listen and read at the same time
vi Buy books on tape
Record yourself reading some sections of the book Compare the sound of your English with that of the person readingthe book on the tape
vii Pronounce the ending of each word
Pay special attention to S and ED endings This will help you strengthen the mouth muscles that you use when youspeak English
viii Read aloud in English for 15-20 minutes every day
Research has shown it takes about three months of daily practice to develop strong mouth muscles for speaking a newlanguage
ix Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation mistakes
Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice and avoid listening to themselves speak However this is a veryimportant exercise because doing it will help you become conscious of the mistakes you are making
x Be patient
You can change the way you speak but it wont happen overnight People often expect instant results and give up toosoon You can change the way you sound if you are willing to put some effort into it
GOOD LUCK
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Answered by Anant-- an ibibo Master at 133 PM on October 09 2008
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Anant--Profile | QampA
BEST WAY ACCORDING TO ME IS READ DAILY ENGLISH NEWSPAPER IF U COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY ONE OXFORD DICTIONARY AND REFER MEANINGS AND IFU COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY MEANINGS CONVERSION OF ENGLISH TO UR MOTHER TONGUE THIS MAY TAKESOME TIME THERE WILL BE SOME IMPROVEMENT IN JUST 1 MONTH BETTER READ HINDU OR TIMES OF INDIAALL THE BEST
Answered by gyaneshwar an ibibo Citizen at 1258 PM on October 09 2008
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gyaneshwar Profile | QampA
Related Search
Meri english bahot hi weak haimain apni english kaise strong kar sakta hoonkis tarah fluentlyenglish bol sakta hoon
dearthe simple way to improve you english is to particehave you ever heard of the saying Parctise makes a man perfect so even when you you commit mistake try to learn from the mistake and rectify themand simple start askingquestion to people in Englishand if you want yo learn english donot fell embrace in the front of anyone and alsotry to read TIMES OF INDIAN
Posted in Self Development by naqeeb ahmar at 758 PM on March 17 2008Tags meri english bahot weak apni kaise strong sakta tarah fluently hoon
how to improve english plese tell me
to compose simple sentences in your mind when you are alone Stick on the idea you want to convey rather than thegrammar Speak to the native English speakers if possible Chatt with those in internet SearchI dont know the level of your english if you have basics the fun way of learning are english comics cartoon network in english or any english
movies comics will help you in speaking good english
Posted in Love amp Romance by Shiva Singh at 1015 PM on September 24 2008Tags improve english plese
How can i improve my Enlish speaking and writing both
their meanings and use them in your convesationListen to english newsFor writing read the books on letters essaysand storiesslowly you will get the idea of using english in your convenienceFinally findDear Ashok It is good you
thornyuml
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want to improve your English First and foremost thing you need is YOU All you need to do is give quality time notthe quantity Do make a conscious effort and smart work
Posted in Self Development by ashok sharma at 626 AM on October 14 2008Tags improve enlish writing
how to use GPRS in china made mob prince A960
here most of gprs settings for most of mobile service operator India to enter in your phone mannulay Here you havemanual gprs settings for vodafone hutch idea airtel bsnl airtel live airtel mobile you can enter in your phone andconfigure mannuallyManual Idea gprs Settings1 Account Name - ideaGPRS2 Username - leave Blank3 Password -leave Blank4 Homepage - httpwapideafreshcom5
Posted in Computers amp Technology by vivek soni at 145 AM on June 13 2008Tags gprs help china mad mob
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i m Doing for Improve my englishgive me your best idea
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the
pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you canwell ntn its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming future n ways ntn some tips from my sidethat will help yu improve yu ur english are i Observe
Posted in Exams Education amp References by ntn jain at 939 PM on October 13 2008Tags want improve english improve best
what is html
they want Text is what you will use English letters just like you use everyday Markup is what you will do You willwrite in plain English and then mark up what you wrote Language Some may argue that technically html is a code
but you write html in plain everyday English languageHi RockyHTML is the code behind your webpage and is whatyour browser looks for to display a webpage the way the webdesigner
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Rocky at 258 PM on May 07 2008Tags html
how I improve my english speech
and be confidentYOU CAN DOWNLOAD A LOT OF SOFTWARES FROM INTERNET IT REALLY HELPSAND ANOTHER IDEA IS TO WATCH ENGLISH CHANNELS LIKE METRO NATION NDTV GOOD TIMESAND DONT FORGET TO WATCH NDTV DISCUSSIONSget to c more english movie join times classes on english
they improvise a lotEnglish can be improved by reading booksnewspaper by discussionsThese are certain tips toimprove english
Posted in Counselling by sagar gawde at 803 PM on February 14 2008Tags improve english speech
What is the best way to enhance skills in English Which is most best website which can help tolearn English from basic to a very high class
will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin thinking in English Listening to Native Speakers as Much asPossible is the good idea to enhance your English language skills Here are someFirst of all be motivated become a
person who likes to learn English Using as many different sources methods and tools as possible will allow you tolearn faster There are many different ways
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Posted in Self Development by RAVINDRA at 644 PM on October 03 2008Tags best enhance skills website help learn english basic high
Who created the first mouse
to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThe first marketed integrated mouseshipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came from the resemblance of earlymodels which had a cord attached to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThefirst marketed integrated mouse shipped as a part
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Aryan Gusain at 212 PM on July 02 2008Tags created first mouse
Do you have any idea for FRANKLYN INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGE Its a spoken English Institutewhich gives Job Guarantee if anyone knows plz let me know
190A Maniktolla Main Road Kolkata-54 phone no 91-33-32401558 91-33-32428200 frankylnkkghotmailcomhi poonamur question gives an idea dat ur command on english is nt poor why u r lookingYou have heard rightFRANKLYN offers spoken english courses and there is also a lot of students pursuing courses there
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o Non-standard I wake upWith my eyes shut tightHoping tomorrow will
never comeFor you and I (Should be For you and me) (From You AndI Part II by Fleetwood Mac)
bull mitigate and militate To mitigate is to make something milder To militate is to
fight or exert pressure for something to happen or not to happeno Standard The seriousness of your crime was mitigated by the provocation
you were undero Standard Over-protective practices in this factory militate against
increased efficiencyo Non-standard Over-protective practices in this factory mitigate against
increased efficiency
[edit] N to R
bull novice and novitiate A novice is a prospective or trainee member of a religious
order The novitiate is the state of being a novice or the time for which one is anovice However a novice monk or nun is often incorrectly described as anovitiate (perhaps confused with initiate)
bull of and have In some dialects of spoken English of and the contracted form of have ve sound alike However in standard written English they are notinterchangeable
o Standard Susan would have stopped to eat but she was running late
o Standard You could have warned me
o Non-standard I should of known that the store would be closed (Should
be I shouldve known)
bull overestimate and underestimate There is frequent confusion between thingsthat cannot and should not be overunderestimated though the meanings areopposite
o Standard The damage caused by pollution cannot be overestimated (ie it
is so enormous that no estimate however high is excessive)o Standard The damage caused by pollution should not be underestimated
(ie it is wrong to regard it as minor)o Non-standard The damage caused by pollution cannot be underestimated
(literal meaning it is so minimal that no estimate is too small Intendedmeaning one of the previous two)
bull past and passed Past refers to events that have previously occurred while passed is the past tense of to pass whether in a congressional action or a physical occurrence
o Standard Congress passed the bill limiting the powers of the President
o Standard History is mainly concerned with the events of the past
o Non-standard He past my house on his way to the store
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bull peremptory and preemptive A peremptory act or statement is absolute it cannot be denied A preemptive action is one taken before an adversary can act
o Standard He issued a peremptory order
o Standard Preemptive air strikes stopped the enemy from launching the
new warship
bull perpetrate and perpetuate To perpetrate something is to commit it while to perpetuate is something is to cause it to continue or to keep happening
o Standard The gang perpetrated outrages against several citizens
o Standard The stories only serve to perpetuate the legend that the house is
haunted
bull perquisite and prerequisite Perquisite usually means an extra allowance or privilege Prerequisite means something required as a condition
o Standard He had all the perquisites of a movie star including a stand-in
o Standard Passing the examination was one of the prerequisites for a
teaching position
bull perspective and prospective Perspective is a view with correct visual anglesexample parallel railway tracks converging in the distance Prospective is afuture possibility or expectation
bull perspicuity and perspicacity If something is perspicuous it is easily understoodits meaning is obvious If one is perspicacious then one is quick to understand or has good insight
o Standard I admired her perspicacity she just seemed to get it so much
better than I
o Standard He expressed the idea so perspicuously that anyone couldunderstand
o Non-standard She spoke in a perspicacious way
bull peruse means to read or examine very carefully but is sometimes usederroneously when the exact opposite is meant to read superficially to glanceover quickly to skim
bull photogenic and photographic The former is to be used to mean someoneslikeness is particularly amenable to being well photographed The latter isanything pertaining to photography whether it is technical eg photographic
chemical or equipment or generic eg photographic journals
bull prescribe and proscribe To prescribe something is to command or recommendit To proscribe somebody or something is to outlaw him her or it
bull progeny and prodigy Progeny are offspring or things that follow something elseA prodigy is a genius or a marvelous example of something
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bull Quartary and quaternary Quartary (from Latin quartarius) is the fourthmember of an ordinal number word series beginning with (primary secondarytertiary) and continuing with (quintary sextary )[6] Quaternary (from Latinquaternarius) is the fourth member of a distributive number word series beginning with (singular binary ternary) and continuing with (quinary senary
septenary octonary centenary)[7][8]
In biology the non-standard usage Quaternary structure is so firmly entrenchedthat to refer to Quartary structure would be incorrect
bull redundant does not mean useless or unable to perform its function It meansthat there is an excess of something that something is surplus to requirementsand no longer needed or that it is obsolete
o Standard A new pill that will instantly cure any illness has made
antibiotics redundant (Antibiotics could still be used to cure illnesses butthey are no longer needed because a better pill has been invented)
o
Standard The week before Christmas the company made seventy-fiveworkers redundanto Non-standard Over-use of antibiotics risks making them redundant (This
should read over-use of antibiotics risks making them ineffective)
bull regimen and regiment A regimen is a system of order and may often refer to thesystematic dosing of medication A regiment is a military unit
o Standard The sick soldier was removed from his regiment
o Standard The sick soldier was ordered to complete a regimen of
amoxicillin
bull
reign and rein A reign refers to the rule of a monarch Reins are the straps usedto control the movements of an animal (typically a horse) Thus to take thereins means to assume control and to have free rein means to be free of constraints[9]
o Non-standard the Suns gave Sports Illustrateds Jack McCallum free
reign of practices[10] o Non-standard Bobby Jindal a whiz kid takes the reigns of Louisianas
Department of Health and Hospital[11]
[edit] S to T
bull sensual and sensuous Both words mean to do with the senses Sensual is moreoften applied to a pleasure or experience or to a persons character sensuous tosomeone or something of enticing appearance
o Standard Don Juan is the most sensual character in fiction
o Standard Ascetics believe in avoiding all sensual pleasures
o Standard Marilyn Monroe looks extremely sensuous in this film clip
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bull set and sit When used as a verb to set means to place or to adjust to a valuewhereas to sit means to be seated
o Standard Set the pot upon the stove
o Standard Set the temperature-control to 100 degC
o Non-standard Set down over there
o Non-standard Sit the pot on the stoveo Standard Sit on the chair
bull shrink and shirk To shirk means to consistently avoid to neglect to be tooafraid to engage To shrink means to contract to become physically smaller insize also to shrink away means to suddenly jerk away from something inhorror However to shrink from may also mean to hesitate or show reluctancetoward
o Standard I will not shirk discussion
o Standard I will not shrink from discussion
o Standard She shrank away from me
o Non-standard I will not shrink discussiono Non-standard I will not shirk from discussion
bull sight site and cite A sight is something seen a site is a place To cite is to quoteor list as a source
o Standard You are a sight for sore eyes
o Standard I found a list of the sights of Rome on a tourist site
o Standard Please cite the sources you used in your essay
o Standard You must travel to the site of the dig to see the dinosaur bones
o Standard It is necessary to have line-of-sight if you want to use
semaphore
o Non-standard One must be careful on a construction sighto Non-standard I will site the book in which I saw the statistics
o Non-standard I could not fire because I did not have line-of-site to the
target
bull temblor and trembler A temblor is an earthquake A trembler is something thattrembles
bull than and then Than is a grammatical particle and preposition associated withcomparatives whereas then is an adverb and a noun In certain dialects the twowords are usually homophones because they are function words with reduced
vowels and this may cause speakers to confuse themo Standard I like pizza more than lasagne
o Standard We ate dinner then went to the movies
o Non-standard You are a better person then I am
bull there their theyre and therere There refers to the location of somethingTheir means belonging to them Theyre is a contraction of They are Therere
is a contraction of there are[citation needed ]
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o Standard Therere five of them and theyre all coming to the restaurant for
their dinner we will meet them there
bull theres wheres etc A common spoken mistake is using a singular contractionwhen it should be plural in words like theres and wheres This stems from the
fact that therere and wherere are more difficult to enunciate and are oftenavoided for that reason in colloquial speecho Non-standard Wheres the cars (Should be Wherere)
o Non-standard Theres many types of cars (Should be Therere)
bull to too Too means in excess or also To is a preposition or is a part of a verbin the infinitive At the end of a sentence to may also refer to a dropped verb inthe infinitive
bull trimester A trimester is a period of three months[12][13] Because it is mostcommonly used in conjunction with a nine-month academic year [14] or a nine-
month term of human pregnancy[15]
it is sometimes wrongly assumed thattrimester is simply a synonym for one third[16][17] o Standard One calendar year contains four trimesters
o Non-standard Without further delay then comes ESPNcoms annual
(and overdue) First Trimester Report ushering folks back to the office bytaking stock of the seasons opening third[18]
[edit] U to Z
bull venal and venial These words are sometimes confused venal means corruptable to be bribed or for sale venial means pardonable not serious[2][19]
o Standard According to Catholic doctrine eating meat on a Friday is avenial sin but murder is a mortal sin
o Standard All ages have examples of venal politicians
bull warranty and warrantee A warranty is a legal assurance that some object can perform some specified task or meets certain quality standards A warrantee is the person who benefits from a warranty The verb form is warrant Confusion herecan stem from guarantee and the less common guaranty which have similar meanings
o Standard Most new cars come with at least a three-year warranty
o Standard I guarantee that you will make a return on your investment
o Non-standard Your mobile phone has stopped working Maybe you needto claim under the warrantee
bull whose and whos Whose is an interrogative word (Whose is this) or a relative pronoun (The people whose house you admired) whos is a contraction for whois or who has
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bull wont and wont Wont is a contraction for will not while wont is a wordmeaning accustomed or inclined to (as an adjective) or habit or custom (as anoun)
o Standard He wont let me drive his car
o Standard He spent the morning reading as he was wont to do
o Standard He took a walk in the evening as was his wonto Non-standard I wont need to go to the supermarket after all
bull youre and your While they sound the same in many dialects in standard writtenEnglish they have separate meanings Youre is a contraction for you are and your is a possessive pronoun meaning belonging to you When in doubt just seewhether the word in question can logically be expanded to you are
o Standard When driving always wear your seatbelt
o Standard If youre going out please be home by ten oclock
o Non-standard Youre mother called this morning
o Non-standard Your the first person to notice my new haircut today
bull aggravate ndash Some prescriptivists have argued that this word should not be used inthe sense of to annoy or to oppress but only to mean to make worseHowever this proscription against to annoy is not rooted in history Accordingto AHDI the annoy usage occurs in English as far back as the 17th centuryfurthermore in Latin from which the word was borrowed both meanings wereused[1] Sixty-eight percent of AHD4s Usage Panel approves of its use in Its theendless wait for luggage that aggravates me the most about air travel [2] M-Wmentions that while aggravate in the sense of to rouse to displeasure or anger byusually persistent and often petty goading has been around since the 17thcentury disapproval of that usage only appeared around 1870[3] RH states in its
usage note under aggravate that The two most common senses of aggravate areto make worse and to annoy or exasperate Both senses first appeared in theearly 17th century at almost the same time the corresponding two senses of thenoun aggravation also appeared then Both senses of aggravate and aggravation
have been standard since then[4] Chambers cites this usage as colloquial andthat it is well established especially in spoken English although it is sometimesregarded as incorrect[5]
o Disputed usage Its the endless wait for luggage that aggravates me the
most about air travelo Undisputed usage Being hit on the head by a falling brick aggravated my
already painful headache
bull aint ndash originally a contraction of am not this word is widely used as areplacement for arent isnt havent and hasnt as well While aint hasexisted in the English language for a very long time and it is a common normalword in many dialects in both North America and the British Isles it is not a partof standard English and its use in formal writing is not recommended by mostusage commentators Its unselfconscious use in speech may tend to mark thespeaker as uneducated Nevertheless aint is used by educated speakers and
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writers for deliberate effect what Oxford American Dictionary describes astongue-in-cheek or reverse snobbery and what Merriam-Webster Collegiate
calls emphatic effect or a consistently informal style[6]
bull alibi ndash Some prescriptivists argue this cannot be used in the non-legal sense of
an explanation or excuse to avoid blame or justify action AHD4 notes that thisusage was acceptable to almost half[7] of the Usage Panel while most opposedthe words use as a verb M-W mentions no usage problems listing the disputedmeaning second to its legal sense without comment OED cites the non-legal nounand verb usages as colloquial and orig[inally] US[8] Chambers deems this usecolloquial[9]
bull alright ndash An alternate to all right that some consider illiterate but others allowRH says that it probably arose in analogy with other similar words such asaltogether and already it does concede the use in writing as informal and thatall right is used in more formal edited writing[10] AHD4 flags alright as
nonstandard
[11]
and comments that this unacceptance (compared to altogether etc) is peculiar and may be due to its relative recentness (altogether andalready date back to the Middle Ages alright only a little over a century)[12]
Chambers refers to varying levels of formality of all right deeming alright to bemore casual it recommends the use of all right in writing for readers who are precise about the use of language[13]
bull also ndash Some prescriptivists contend this word should not be used to begin asentence AHD4 says 63 percent of the Usage Panel found acceptable theexample The warranty covers all power-train components Also participating dealers back their work with a free lifetime service guarantee[14] See also and amp
but below
bull alternate ndash In British English this adjective means according to OED and other sources switching between two options or similar It does not mean the same asalternative (see next) which OED specifically marks as an American meaning of alternate In international English it is thus thought better to observe the Britishdistinction then the meanings of alternative and alternate will be clear toeveryone (See meanings given at M-W the same applies to the adverbsalternately and alternatively)
bull alternative ndash Some prescriptivists argue that alternative should be used onlywhen the number of choices involved is exactly two While AHD4 allows thewords longstanding use to mean one of a number of things from which only onecan be chosen and the acceptance of this usage by many language critics it goeson to state that only 49 of its Usage panel approves of its use as in Of the threealternatives the first is the least distasteful[15] Neither M-W[16] nor RH[17]
mentions any such restriction to a choice of two Chambers qualifies its definitionas referring to strictly speaking two but often used of more than two possibilities[18]
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bull ampm ndash These are Latin abbreviations for the adverbial phrases antemeridiem (before noon) and post meridiem (after noon) Some prescriptivistsargue that they thus should not be used in English as nouns meaning morningand afternoon however such use is consistent with ordinary nominalizationfeatures of English AHD4 lists adjectival usage with an AM appointment [19]
and a PM appointment[20]
RH gives Shall we meet Saturday am[19]
withoutcomment it gives no corresponding example at pm so that usage can only beextrapolated Also the National Institute of Standards and Technology (nd)contends it is incorrect to use 12 am or 12 pm to mean either noon or midnight
bull amongamongst and between ndash The traditionalist view is that between shouldonly be used when there are only two objects for comparison and among or amongst should be used for more than two objects Most style guides anddictionaries do not support this advice saying that between can be used to refer tosomething that is in the time space or interval that separates more than two itemsM-W says that the idea that between can be used only of two items is persistent
but unfounded
[21]
and AHD4 calls it a widely repeated but unjustified tradition[22] The OED says In all senses between has been from its earliest appearanceextended to more than two[23] Chambers says It is acceptable to use between
with reference to more than two people or things although does state that among
may be more appropriate in some circumstances[24] o Undisputed usage I parked my car between the two telegraph poles
o Undisputed usage Youll find my brain between my ears
o Disputed usage The duck swam between the reeds
o Disputed usage They searched the area between the river the farmhouse
and the woodso Undisputed usage We shared the money evenly amongst the three of us
o
Disputed usage We shared the money between Tom Dick and meo Undisputed usage My house was built among the gum trees
bull amount ndash Some prescriptivists argue amount should not be substituted for number They recommend the use of number if the thing referred to is countableand amount only if it is uncountable While RH acknowledges the traditionaldistinction between amount and number it mentions that [a]lthough objected tothe use of amount instead of number with countable nouns occurs in both speechand writing especially when the noun can be considered as a unit or group (theamount of people present the amount of weapons) or when it refers to money(the amount of dollars paid the amount of pennies in the till)[25] (see also less)
o
Disputed usage I was amazed by the amount of people who visited mywebsite (With knowledge of the exact number)o Undisputed usage The number of people in the lift must not exceed 10
o Undisputed usage I was unimpressed by the amount of water consumed
by the elephant
bull and ndash Some prescriptivists argue that sentences should not begin with the wordand on the argument that as a conjunction it should only join clauses within a
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sentence AHD4 states that this stricture has been ridiculed by grammarians for decades and ignored by writers from Shakespeare to Joyce Carol Oates[26] RHstates Both and and but and to a lesser extent or and so are common astransitional words at the beginnings of sentences in all types of speech andwriting it goes on to suggest that opposition to this usage probably stems from
the overuse of such sentences by inexperienced writers[27]
ENCARTA opinesthat said opposition comes from too literal an understanding of the joiningfunction of conjunctions and states that any overuse is a matter of poor style notgrammatical correctness[28] COED calls the usage quite acceptable[29] Manyverses of the King James Bible begin with and as does William Blakes poem And did those feet in ancient time (aka Jerusalem) Fowlers Modern EnglishUsage defends this use of and Chambers states that Although it is sometimesregarded as poor style it is not ungrammatical to begin a sentence with and [30]
See also also above and but below
bull anxious ndash Some prescriptivists argue that this word should only be used in the
sense of worried or worrisome (compare anxiety) but it has been used inthe sense of eager for over 250 years 52 of AHD4s Usage Panel accepts itsuse in the sentence We are anxious to see the new show of contemporarysculpture at the museum Also it suggests that the use of anxious to mean eager
may be mild hyperbole as the use of dying in the sentence Im dying to see your new baby[31] RH states bluntly that its use in the sense of eageris fullystandard[32] M-W defines anxious as 3 ardently or earnestly wishing ltanxiousto learn moregt synonym see EAGER[33] Chambers gives 3 very eager bullanxious to do well[34]
[edit] B
bull barbaric and barbarous mdash Barbaric applies to the culture of barbarians and may be positive (barbaric splendor) barbarous applies to the behavior of barbariansand is negative (barbarous cruelty) This is standard English usage HoweverM-W equates the third meaning of barbaric with the third of barbarous thatis mercilessly harsh or cruel[35] COD11 and Chambers list savagely cruel andcruel and brutal excessively harsh or vicious[36] respectively as the first
meanings for barbaric Only AHD4 disallows this usage and without comment[37]
o Undisputed The environment of the venue was barbaric
o Undisputed Terrorism is barbarous
o Disputed Capital punishment is a disgusting barbaric measure
bull begging the question In logic begging the question is another term for petitio
principii or arguing in a circle in other words making assumptions in advanceabout the very issue in dispute Now often used to mean simply leading to thequestion
o Undisputed You argue that Christianity must be true because the Bible
says so Isnt that begging the question
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o Disputed You want to go to the theatre That begs the question which day
we should go
bull but ndash Some prescriptivists argue that if and should not be used to begin sentencesthen neither should but These words are both conjunctions thus they believe that
they should be used only to link clauses within a sentence AHD4 states that itmay be used to begin a sentence at all levels of style [38]
[edit] C
bull can and may ndash Some prescriptivists argue that can refers to possibility and may
refers to permission and insist on maintaining this distinction although usage of can to refer to permission is pervasive in spoken and very frequent in writtenEnglish M-W notes Can and may are most frequently interchangeable in sensesdenoting possibility because the possibility of ones doing something may (or can) depend on anothers acquiescence they have also become interchangeable in
the sense denoting permission The use of can to ask or grant permission has beencommon since the 19th century and is well established although somecommentators feel may is more appropriate in formal contexts May is relativelyrare in negative constructions (maynt is not common) cannot and cant are usualin such contexts[39] AHD4 echoes this sentiment of formality noting that only21 of the Usage Panel accepted can in the example Can I take another week tosubmit the application[40] For its part OED labels the use of can for may ascolloquial[41]
bull comprise ndash Comprise means to consist of A second meaning to compose or constitute is sometimes attacked by usage writers However it is supported as
sense 3 along with a usage note in M-W[42] and although AHD4 notes the usageas a usage problem its usage note says Our surveys show that opposition tothis usage is abating In the 1960s 53 percent of the Usage Panel found this usageunacceptable in 1996 only 35 percent objected[43]
o Undisputed usage The English Wikipedia comprises more than two
million articleso Disputed usage The English Wikipedia comprises of more than two
million articleso Disputed usage The English Wikipedia is comprised of more than two
million articleso Disputed usage More than two million articles comprise the English
Wikipediao Disputed usage Diatoms comprise more than 70 of all phytoplankton
o Undisputed usage Diatoms constitute more than 70 of all
phytoplanktono Disputed usage Those in the industry have mostly scoffed at the young
inexperienced Carter and the rest of the high school pals that comprise thecompany[44]
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Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] D
bull deprecate ndash The original meaning in English is deplore or express disapproval
of (the Latin from which the word derives means pray to avert evil suggestingthat some event would be a calamity) The word is now also used to mean playdown belittle or devalue a shift that some prescriptivists disapprove of as itsuggests the word is being confused with the similar word depreciate in factAHD4 states that in this sense deprecate has almost completely supplanteddepreciate however a majority of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved thissense[45] Its use with the approximate meaning to declare obsolete in computer jargon is also sometimes condemned
bull diagnose ndash Cochrane (2004) states that to diagnose [someone] with a disease isan incorrect usage of the verb diagnose which takes the physician as subject and
a disease as object (eg to diagnose cancer) In American English according toAHD4[46] and M-W[47] the sense of diagnose [someone] with a disease is listedwithout comment or tag however for its part RH does not list such a usage withor without comment For British English COD11 offers identify the medicalcondition of (someone) she was diagnosed as having epilepsy (2004) this usagehowever did not appear in editions as recently as the 1990s Chambers does notoffer this sense at all[48]
o Disputed usage Mr Smith was diagnosed with diabetes
o Undisputed usage The doctor diagnosed diabetes
bull different ndash Standard usage in both Britain and America is different from (on the
analogy of to differ from) In Britain this competes with different to (coinedon the analogy of similar to) In America it competes with different than(coined on the analogy of other than) Different to is also found in IrishAustralian and New Zealand English
o Undisputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different
from the Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different to the
Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different than
the British
bull disinterested ndash Standard usage is as a word for unbiased but some have alsorendered it synonymous with uninterested or apathetic
o Undisputed usage As their mutual best friend I tried to remain
disinterested in their argument so as not to anger eithero Disputed usage The key to attracting a member of the opposite sex is to
balance between giving attention to him or her and appearingdisinterested
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bull due to ndash The adjectival use of due to is undisputed Its adverbial use howeverhas been a subject of dispute for many years as witnessed by several (especiallyUS) dictionary usage notes that in the end designate it as standard WilliamStrunk in his Elements of style labelled the disputed adverbial use of due to asincorrect [49] Although the first (1926) edition of FOWLER condemned the
adverbial use as common only among the illiterate the third (1996) editionsaid Opinion remains sharply divided but it begins to look as if this use of due
to will form part of the natural language of the 21C as one more example of aforgotten battle Due to is frequently used in place of from for with of because
of and other prepositions Undisputed synonyms for due to are caused by andattributable to
o Disputed usage He died due to cancer (He died of cancer)
o Disputed usage Due to the end of the Second War circumstances altered
profoundly (With the end of the Second War circumstances altered profoundly)
o Disputed usage The project failed due to lack of funds (The project
failed for lack of funds) o Undisputed usage His death was due to cancer
o Undisputed usage Many thought the problem was due to mismanagement
[edit] E
bull enormity ndash Frequently used as a synonym for enormousness or immensity but traditionally means extreme wickedness According to AHD4 thisdistinction has not always occurred historically but is now supported by 59 of the dictionarys Usage Panel[50] COD11 states that enormity as a synonym for hugeness is now broadly accepted as standard English Although Chambers lists
immenseness or vastness as a meaning it says it should not be used in thatsense commenting that it is encountered often because the word enormousness isawkward it recommends using instead another word such as hugeness greatness etc[51]
o Disputed usage The enormity of the elephant astounded me
o Traditional usage The enormity of Stalins purges astounds me
[edit] F
bull farther and further ndash Many prescriptivists adhere to the rule that farther only
should refer to matters of physical distance or position while further should bereserved for usages involving time or degree (as well as undisputed descriptionsof moreover and in addition)
o Disputed usage San Jose is further from LA than Santa Barbara
o Disputed usage LA was a couple hours farther from home than I
expectedo Disputed usage If her fever increases any farther I will call the doctor
o Undisputed usage I would like to discuss the issue further at a later time
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bull fortuitously ndash Used by some interchangeably with fortunately strictly speaking fortuitousness is a reference to an occurrence depending on chance M-W notesthat use of the word in sense of fortunate has been in standard use for at least 70years and notes that the sense of coming or happening by a lucky chance isvirtually unnoticed by usage critics[52][clarification needed ]
[edit] G
bull gender ndash Gender is often used interchangeably with sex in the sense of the biological or social quality male and female It is never used to refer to sexualintercourse
o Gender traditionally refers to grammatical gender a feature in the
grammar of a number of different languages Some prescriptivists arguethat its use as a euphemism for sex is to be avoided as a genteelismFowler (p 211) says it is used either as a jocularityor a blunder
o Sex and gender can be used in different but related senses with sex
referring to biological characteristics and gender to social roles andexpectations based on sex Use of gender as interchangeable with or as areplacement for sex may confuse readers who draw this distinction See
gender identity gender role
[edit] H
bull hoi polloi ndash The question surrounding hoi polloi is whether it is appropriate to usethe article the preceding the phrase it arises because hoi is the Greek word for the in the phrase and classical purists complain that adding the makes the phrase
redundant the the common people Foreign phrases borrowed into English areoften reanalyzed as single grammatical units requiring an English article inappropriate contexts AHD4 says The Arabic element al- means the andappears in English nouns such as alcohol and alchemy Thus since no one wouldconsider a phrase such as the alcohol to be redundant criticizing the hoi polloi onsimilar grounds seems pedantic[53]
bull hopefully ndash Some prescriptivists argue this word should not be used as anexpression of confidence in an outcome however M-W classes hopefully withother words such as interestingly frankly and unfortunately (which areunremarkably used in a similar way) as disjuncts and describes this usage as
entirely standard
[54]
AHD4 however notes that opposition to this usage by their usage panels has grown from 56 to 73 despite support for similar disjuncts(such as 60 support for the use of mercifully in Mercifully the game ended before the opponents could add another touchdown to the lopsided score) AHD4opines that this opposition is not to the use of these adverbs in general but thatthis use of hopefully has become a shibboleth[55] OED lists this usage withoutany colloquial or other label other than to say Avoided by many writers[56]
See also the discussion of hopefully as a dangling modifier One investigation in
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modern corpora on Language Log revealed that outside fiction where it stillrepresents 40 of all uses (the other qualifying primarily speech and gazes)disjunct uses account for the vast majority (over 90) of all uses of the word[57]
o Disputed usage Hopefully Ill get that scholarship
o Undisputed usage The prisoner thought hopefully about the prospect for
escape when he realized the guards accidentally left his cell unlocked
Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] L
bull less ndash Some prescriptivists argue that less should not be substituted for fewer Merriam-Webster notes The traditional view is that less applies to matters of degree value or amount and modifies collective nouns mass nouns or nounsdenoting an abstract whole while fewer applies to matters of number and modifies plural nouns Less has been used to modify plural nouns since the days of King
Alfred and the usage though roundly decried appears to be increasing Less ismore likely than fewer to modify plural nouns when distances sums of moneyand a few fixed phrases are involved ltless than 100 milesgt ltan investment of less
than $2000gt ltin 25 words or lessgt and as likely as fewer to modify periods of time ltin less (or fewer ) than four hoursgt[58]
o Disputed usage This lane 12 items or less
o Undisputed usage We had fewer players on the team this season
o Undisputed usage There is less water in the tank now
bull like and as ndash Some prescriptivists object to the use of like as a conjunction statingit is rather a preposition and that only as would be appropriate in this
circumstance M-W however cites likes use as a conjunction as standard sincethe 14th century and opines that opposition to it is perhaps more heated thanrational (see M-Ws entry like [7 conjunction]) AHD4 says Writers sinceChaucers time have used like as a conjunction but 19th-century and 20th-centurycritics have been so vehement in their condemnations of this usage that a writer who uses the construction in formal style risks being accused of illiteracy or worse and recommends using as in formal speech and writing[59] OED does nottag it as colloquial or nonstandard but notes Used as conj[unction] = like asas Now generally condemned as vulgar or slovenly though examples may befound in many recent writers of standing[60] Chambers lists the conjunctive useas colloquial[61]
o Undisputed usage He is an American as am Io Undisputed usage He is an American like me
o Undisputed usage It looks as if this play will be a flop
o Undisputed usage This play looks like a flop
o Disputed usage He is an American like I am
o Disputed usage It looks like this play will be a flop
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bull literally ndash Some prescriptivists argue literally should not be used as a mereemphatic unless the thing to which it refers is actually true It is used todisambiguate a possible metaphorical interpretation of a phrase M-W does notcondemn the second use which means in effect or virtually but says the useis pure hyperbole intended to gain emphasis but it often appears in contexts
where no additional emphasis is necessary[62]
o Disputed usage The party literally went with a bang (No it did not
unless there was an actual loud noise)o Undisputed usage I literally ran more than 25 miles today I ran a
marathon
bull loan ndash The use of loan as a verb meaning to give out a loan is disputed withlend being preferred for the verb form AHD4 flatly states [t]he verb loan is wellestablished in American usage and cannot be considered incorrect[63] M-W statesloan is entirely standard as a verb[64] RH says Sometimes mistakenlyidentified as an Americanism loan as a verb meaning to lend has been used in
English for nearly 800 years it further states that objections to this use arecomparatively recent[65] Chambers defines the verb loan as to lend (especiallymoney)[66] OED merely states Now chiefly US[67] and COD11 includes themeaning without tag or comment
o Undisputed usage I lent him some money
o Undisputed usage Fill out the paperwork for a loan
o Disputed usage I loaned him some money
[edit] M
bull may and might ndash May should only be used where the event in question is still
possible not for something that was possible in the past or for a hypothetical present possibility Might is properly the past tense form of may (In similar fashion could should and would are all past tense forms for can shalland will respectively)
o Undisputed usage My brother may have gone to China last week
( perhaps he did )o Disputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother may have gone
to China last week (but he didnt )o Undisputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother might have
gone to China last weeko Disputed usage He thought it may be true (but it wasnt )
o Undisputed usage He thought it might be true
bull meet ndash Some prescriptivists state that as a transitive verb in the context to cometogether by chance or arrangement meet (as in meet (someone)) does not requirea preposition between verb and object the phrase meet with (someone) is deemedincorrect Chambers flags this usage US[68] RH allows it in the sense of to joinas for conference or instruction I met with her an hour a day until we solved the problem[69] On the other hand none of M-W AHD4 or COD11 entertains this
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usage NOTE In the sense of fulfilling prerequisites or criteria (We met with theentry requirements) or that of encountering (Our suggestions may meet with
opposition the soldiers met with machine-gun fire) the verb phrase meet with isnot in dispute
o Disputed usage I will meet with you tonight
o
Undisputed usage I will meet you tonight
bull momentarily ndash Traditionally momentarily means for a moment but its use tomean in a moment is sometimes disputed M-W[70] and RH[71] give this latter usage a standard entry without comment while OED[72] and Chambers[73] tag itNAmer AHD4 has a usage note indicating that 59 of their Usage Paneldeems this usage unacceptable[74]
o Disputed usage Your feature presentation will begin momentarily
o Undisputed usage The flash from the atom bomb momentarily lit up the
night sky
[edit] N
bull nauseous ndash Traditionally nauseous means causing nausea (synonymous withnauseating) it is commonly used now as a synonym for queasy that ishaving the feeling of nausea AHD4 notes the traditional view stating that 72 of the Usage Panel preferred nauseated over nauseous to mean affected withnausea however 88 of that same panel preferred nauseating to nauseous tomean causing nausea in other words a maximum of only 28 prefersnauseous in either case It also states that in common usage nauseous issynonymous with nauseated but deems this usage incorrect[75] M-W howeverasserts that [t]hose who insist that nauseous is an error for nauseated are
mistaken[76] Both M-W and AHD4 accept that nauseous is supplantingnauseated for feeling nausea and in turn being replaced by nauseating for causing nausea in general usage they only differ on the correctness of thechange RH states The two literal senses of nauseous [] appear in English atalmost the same time in the early 17th century and both senses are in standard useat the present time Nauseous is more common than nauseated in the senseaffected with nausea despite recent objections by those who imagine the sense to be new[77] CHAMBERS lists the sense of causing nausea first and affected withnausea second[78] while COD11 gives the affliction first and causation second both dictionaries list the entries without comment OED goes further tagging itsnauseated usage as Orig[inally] US but demoted its nauseating usage to
literary OED also notes that the original (now obsolete) sense of the word inEnglish was inclined to sickness or nausea squeamish[79] Curiously this oldestseventeenth-century meaning (inclined to nausea) while distinct from thedisputed twentieth-century usage (afflicted by nausea) more closely resemblesthe latter than it does the prescribed meaning (causing nausea)
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseous
o Disputed usage That smell is making me nauseous
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseating
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882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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future tense (The supervisor will be back presently)[80] M-W mentions the samevintage for the sense of now and that it is not clear why it is objectionable[81]
AHD4 states that despite its use nowadays in literate speech and writing thatthere is still lingering prejudice against this use In the late 1980s only 50 of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved of the sentence General Walters is hellip
presently the United States Ambassador to the United Nations[82]
COD11 lists both usages without comment CHAMBERS merely flags the sense of now asN Amer especially US[83]
o Disputed usage I am presently reading Wikipedia
o Undisputed usage I will be finished with that activity presently
[edit] R
bull refute ndash The traditional meaning of refute is disprove or dispel with reasoned
arguments It is now often used as a synonym for deny The latter sense islisted without comment by M-W[84] and AHD4[85] while CHAMBERS tags it ascolloquial[86] COD11 states that Traditionalists object to [the use of refute asdeny] but it is now widely accepted in standard English However RH does notmention this use at all[87]
bull relatively ndash Literally meaning compared to some now use relatively to meanmoderately or somewhat AHD4 does not list this usage at all [88] M-W hasapparently blended the two usages in one[89]
o Disputed usage That man was relatively annoying
o Undisputed usage Though relatively harmless when compared to
dimethylmercury mercury (II) oxide is still quite toxic
[edit] S
bull Scotch Scots and Scottish ndash Formerly English people used Scotch whereScottish people used Scottish The current convention is as follows
o Scottish for people
o Scotch for things (especially whisky)
o Scots for institutions (Scots law Scots language)
bull
seek ndash This means look for but is used to mean try or want This usage iscriticised by Fowler in the entry Formal Words
o Disputed usage we did seek to resolve the Iraq crisis by peaceful
means those who seek to emulate his legacy of murder the Liberalsseek to undermine that future[attribution needed ]
o Undisputed usage Seek and ye shall find
[edit] T
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull than mdash Than is the subject of a longstanding dispute as to its status as a preposition or conjunction see than For the disputed construction different thansee Different
bull they mdash Prescriptivists regard this as a plural pronoun that uses a third person
plural verb conjugation (see below they show) but the word is now commonlyused especially in speech and informal writing as a non-gender-specific third- person singular pronoun (which modern English otherwise lacks) Alternativesinclude he or she and generic he Some writers argue that generic he isgeneric (as the name implies) and thus includes both sexes Others find it sexist or too old-fashioned The pronouns you or one can be used in some sentences
o Disputed usage A person is rude if they show no respect for their hosts
o Undisputed usage One is rude if one shows no respect for ones hosts
o Undisputed usage It is rude not to show respect for hosts
o Undisputed usage Many people have told me that they are satisfied with
their food
bull thusly mdash Thusly (AHD4 suggests) was originally coined by educated writers tomake fun of uneducated persons trying to sound genteel[90] Thusly howeverdiffused into popular usage Some people accept it as an adverb in its own rightwhile others believe thus should be used in all cases The word thusly appearswith no associated usage notes in M-W[91] COD11 tags it as informal with theentry thus tagged as literary or formal CHAMBERS does not list the word atall and it is unknown in British usage[92]
[edit] U
bull unique ndash Some prescriptivists argue that unique only means sole or unequaled (British spelling unequalled) but most dictionaries give a thirdmeaning unusual which can be qualified by very or somewhat as in Thetheme of the party was somewhat unique see comparison Almost unique isuniversally acceptable[citation needed ]
[edit] W
bull
whilst and while mdash Penguin Working Words recommends while only and notesthat whilst is old-fashioned Cambridge Guide to English Usage and M-WsWebsters Guide to English Usage comment on its regional character and notethat it is rare in American usage It is thus safer to use only while in internationalEnglish (See the article While for further sources deprecating the use of whilst and cautioning about uses of while)
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull who mdash Some prescriptivists argue that who should be used only as a subject pronoun the corresponding object pronoun being whom Strictly speakingusing who instead of whom is substituting a subjective pronoun for an objective pronoun and hence is the same as using she instead of her (eg I talked to she
today) Most people never use whom in spoken English and instead use who for
all cases Those who use whom in everyday speech may recognize substitution of who as substandard FOWLER has an extensive entry on who and whom
including several quotes from major publications where whom is used incorrectlyo Undisputed usage You are talking to whom
o Disputed usage You are talking to who
o Undisputed usage To whom are you talking
o Disputed usage To who are you talking
o Disputed usage far more hostile to Diana whom she believes betrayed
the Prince of WalesmdashIndependent Mag 1993 (FOWLER)o Undisputed usage far more hostile to Diana who she believes betrayed
the Prince of Wales
o Disputed usage Whom do men say that I am (Mark 927 King JamesVersion)
bull whoever mdash This extension of who (see above) along with its object formwhomever is attended by the same uncertainties as who along with whom and isdiscussed in the same sources (See the relevant section at Who)
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever wants it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever you think should have it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whomever you choose to give it
o Disputed usage Give it to whoever you choose to give it to
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever wants it
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever you think should have it
Module - Pair work - Asking questions to yourpartner
Hey
with Group 2 we first talked a little about food at the beginning of the class as awarm up And here is what we said
to be written by Franc
Then today was the first day that we worked in pairs You had to find informationabout superhero characters asking questions to your partner
Here are the two worksheets if you still need to complete them
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW you need to be able to speak about the picture of a super hero + speak about
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their story + give the common points between all the super heroes presented Yourpresentation will last about 3 to 5 minutes You can send me some drafts (brouillon)if neededBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - Tale LV2
Southern Trees - beginning of the study
Hey
today we first warmed up about your future jobs while waiting for those who werelate Here is what you said
I would like to become an architect when I leave highschool (Selma)I want to study law to be a lawyer maybe ( Jeacuterocircme)
Structures WANT TO WOULD LIKE TO -- Attention aux noms de meacutetiers quisont preacuteceacutedeacutes de larticle aan
Then we did a quick recap about what Jim Crow laws used to be Here is what wesaid
bull Jim Crow Laws
These were laws about racial segregation until the end of the 1960sBlacks were not allowed to go to school with Whites
Blacks were not allowed to attend school with WhitesBlacks were forbidden to live together there were separate water
fountains rest rooms or entrances at restaurantsThey were prohibited to sit at the front of a bus
bull KKK(1865-)
white Protestantssupremacy of the white race
white costumesterrorism and violence to oppress Blacks
Finally we listened to the text and we started our general comprehesion by
highlighting the important information about the type of document the places thetime Here is what we wrote
bull Text Southern Trees
- type of doc extract from the autobiographic novel of Billie Holliday- who Billie Holliday Lewis Allen piano player of Billie Pop audience bitch
- where in New-York at Cafe Society on 52nd Street Miami Los Angeles
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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- when published in 1956
HW you need to finish answering the usual wh- questions about the text (inparticular about the feelings of the characters involved) You also need to divide thetext into 2 parts give them a title and justify your titles
NB you will have a vocabulary test next week with the words from the lesson andthe words from the tool box p 53 You may also have a test about the text andabout racial discrimination in the US on Wednesday It will depend on how far we areinto the study of the document Southern TreesBy English Prof
Enter comment - View comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Spiderman - Page 3
This morning with the whole class we first warmed up with why I was a little late inclass Here is what we wrote
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
Then we studied the last page from Spiderman
There was a secretary for each person that spoke about a panel Here are the notesthat we took while they were speaking
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
HW you will be able to speak about the document at the beginning of the class in arow (dun seul trait )You can download the last page here
By English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Oral tests about picture presentation + Lastsuperhero activity in pair work
Hey
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today in module I asked you to speak about the picture p 152 that you had tocomment You need to improve your analysis Ill be asking other students next timeagain
Here is an example of presentation Its not perfect but its a rather good one
The document is a picture where there are two parts In the first part wecan see a white family at the bottom who is sitting in a garden They looksurprised and they are looking at the second family who feels happy and
impressed Contrary to the white family they are standing and clad with
their traditional dress Its a black family
To me the scene takes place in the USA and the goal of this picture is todenounce discrimination which treats people differently in society
The photographer aims at criticizing segregation In this photo theseparation is represented by the fence which is separating Africans from
Americans Segregation in the 20th century in America was when the Blacksand the Whites couldnt blend
To my mind this picture is a good representation of discrimination MartinLuther King and Rosa Park are the symbols of this conflict When I see somepeople wanted to change society and make people aware of these
inequalities through paintings photos speeches or parades Im grateful tothem
The picture attains its objective I like this photo because it denounces very
well the implicit problems of American society in the 20th century(by Rochella D)
Group 2 then we started a new activity about grammar on how to differentiatebetween Present Simple and Present Be + ing
You may download the documents hereyet to be uploaded
Group 1 Then we started a new activity that was initially designed by MissFernandes a colleague in the academy of Caen We first described the pictures of the superheroes
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW You need to finish the description of each picture and prepare the questions toask to your partner about the missing elements in your worksheetBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareMonday 16 november 2009
- Posted in For Fun
The Prisoner - New Series - Trailer
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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A new American series that you will probably LOVE Here is the trailer Looks andsounds fantastic
Exprimer le conseil en anglais
Today after taking a test on Body beauty and body parts (phonetics included) wespoke about superstitions on Friday the 13th And we discovered that Jonathansgrand-ma was extremely supersticious and that some of you believed in supernaturalthings too like Juliette who thinks her mother can read her mind or Camille RL whois sure what she says sometimes comes true Beware of the other Camille T whohas got a black cat She is certainly a witch and she may transform us all intopiglets Just kidding of course )
Here is what we said about superstitions
Today is a special day
On Friday the 13th people who are superstitious believe something terribly
bad or something awesome will happen to them
Examples of supertisions- you shouldnt be 13 around a table
- you shouldnt walk under a ladder- you shouldnt meet a black cat
- you shouldnt break a mirror- you shouldnt celebrate a birthday before
- you should wear a rabbit leg- you shouldnt walk on a line in the street
- you shouldnt cross your legs- you should touch wood when you say something bad
- you shouldnt put hats or shoes on a bed- you shouldnt open your umbrella inside
- you shouldnt put the bread upside down
Remember to express advice there are 3 very simple structures
bull should shouldnt + V
bull had better had better not + V bull ought to ought not to + V
Chocircmage unemployment
Embaucher to hire
bull by + V+ ing au moyen de en + V+ ingbull to + V pour + V (le but)
leisure loisirshigh ndash loweacuteleveacute ndash bas
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ecirctre oblige de to have to + Vto lead to entraicircnerhuge immense= The work-week la semaine de travailIn France the 35 hours-work week was decided and implemented in the 1990rsquos by asocialist government ( Mrs Aubry)
Exercice de traduction 1) Les employeacutes doivent faire des heures suppleacutementairesEmployees must do long hoursEmployees have to do long hours2) Il y a de nombreuses faccedilons de trouver du travailThere are a lot of ways to find work3) Lrsquoimmense augmentation des reacuteseaux sociaux permettent aux gens decommuniquer drsquoavantageThe huge increase of social networks enables people to communicate more4) Le travail suppleacutementaire entraicircne des problegravemes de santeacute pour les hommessurmeneacutes
bull Homebull Mail
bull Photos
bull Music
bull Games + Apps
bull More
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thornyuml
thornyuml
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I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i mDoing for Improve my english give me your best idea
Asked in Exams Education amp References at 1200 PM on October 09 2008
Tags english idea
This question is closedReport abuse
ntn jainProfile | QampA
Rate this 00
bull Latest Answers(4)
Sort by Latest | Oldest | Top-rated
English is best improved by practice and also by taking a small course to improve grammar and communication skillsThe key to practice is to read newspapers magazines and books almost regularly You can also start talking andexpressing yourself in English with your peers friends and (if possible) relatives
Writing in English is a good habit that will strengthen your expression skills as well In case you complete this all-round approach I am sure you will do well All the best
Answered by Idle Mind an ibibo Master at 409 PM on October 13 2008
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Idle MindProfile | QampA
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you can
Answered by Rachana an ibibo Citizen at 106 PM on October 11 2008
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RachanaProfile | QampA
well ntn
its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming
future n ways ntn some tips from my side that will help yu improve yu ur english are
i Observe the mouth movements of those who speak English well and try to imitate them
When you are watching television observe the mouth movements of the speakers Repeat what they are saying whileimitating the intonation and rhythm of their speech
ii Until you learn the correct intonation and rhythm of English slow your speech down
If you speak too quickly and with the wrong intonation and rhythm native speakers will have a hard timeunderstanding you
Dont worry about your listener getting impatient with your slow speech -- it is more important that everything you say be understood
iii Listen to the music of English
Do not use the music of your native language when you speak English Each language has its own way of singing
iv Use the dictionary
Try and familiarise yourself with the phonetic symbols of your dictionary Look up the correct pronunciation of wordsthat are hard for you to say
v Make a list of frequently used words that you find difficult to pronounce and ask someone who speaks the languagewell to pronounce them for you
Record these words listen to them and practice saying them Listen and read at the same time
vi Buy books on tape
Record yourself reading some sections of the book Compare the sound of your English with that of the person readingthe book on the tape
vii Pronounce the ending of each word
Pay special attention to S and ED endings This will help you strengthen the mouth muscles that you use when youspeak English
viii Read aloud in English for 15-20 minutes every day
Research has shown it takes about three months of daily practice to develop strong mouth muscles for speaking a newlanguage
ix Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation mistakes
Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice and avoid listening to themselves speak However this is a veryimportant exercise because doing it will help you become conscious of the mistakes you are making
x Be patient
You can change the way you speak but it wont happen overnight People often expect instant results and give up toosoon You can change the way you sound if you are willing to put some effort into it
GOOD LUCK
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Answered by Anant-- an ibibo Master at 133 PM on October 09 2008
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Anant--Profile | QampA
BEST WAY ACCORDING TO ME IS READ DAILY ENGLISH NEWSPAPER IF U COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY ONE OXFORD DICTIONARY AND REFER MEANINGS AND IFU COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY MEANINGS CONVERSION OF ENGLISH TO UR MOTHER TONGUE THIS MAY TAKESOME TIME THERE WILL BE SOME IMPROVEMENT IN JUST 1 MONTH BETTER READ HINDU OR TIMES OF INDIAALL THE BEST
Answered by gyaneshwar an ibibo Citizen at 1258 PM on October 09 2008
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gyaneshwar Profile | QampA
Related Search
Meri english bahot hi weak haimain apni english kaise strong kar sakta hoonkis tarah fluentlyenglish bol sakta hoon
dearthe simple way to improve you english is to particehave you ever heard of the saying Parctise makes a man perfect so even when you you commit mistake try to learn from the mistake and rectify themand simple start askingquestion to people in Englishand if you want yo learn english donot fell embrace in the front of anyone and alsotry to read TIMES OF INDIAN
Posted in Self Development by naqeeb ahmar at 758 PM on March 17 2008Tags meri english bahot weak apni kaise strong sakta tarah fluently hoon
how to improve english plese tell me
to compose simple sentences in your mind when you are alone Stick on the idea you want to convey rather than thegrammar Speak to the native English speakers if possible Chatt with those in internet SearchI dont know the level of your english if you have basics the fun way of learning are english comics cartoon network in english or any english
movies comics will help you in speaking good english
Posted in Love amp Romance by Shiva Singh at 1015 PM on September 24 2008Tags improve english plese
How can i improve my Enlish speaking and writing both
their meanings and use them in your convesationListen to english newsFor writing read the books on letters essaysand storiesslowly you will get the idea of using english in your convenienceFinally findDear Ashok It is good you
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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want to improve your English First and foremost thing you need is YOU All you need to do is give quality time notthe quantity Do make a conscious effort and smart work
Posted in Self Development by ashok sharma at 626 AM on October 14 2008Tags improve enlish writing
how to use GPRS in china made mob prince A960
here most of gprs settings for most of mobile service operator India to enter in your phone mannulay Here you havemanual gprs settings for vodafone hutch idea airtel bsnl airtel live airtel mobile you can enter in your phone andconfigure mannuallyManual Idea gprs Settings1 Account Name - ideaGPRS2 Username - leave Blank3 Password -leave Blank4 Homepage - httpwapideafreshcom5
Posted in Computers amp Technology by vivek soni at 145 AM on June 13 2008Tags gprs help china mad mob
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i m Doing for Improve my englishgive me your best idea
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the
pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you canwell ntn its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming future n ways ntn some tips from my sidethat will help yu improve yu ur english are i Observe
Posted in Exams Education amp References by ntn jain at 939 PM on October 13 2008Tags want improve english improve best
what is html
they want Text is what you will use English letters just like you use everyday Markup is what you will do You willwrite in plain English and then mark up what you wrote Language Some may argue that technically html is a code
but you write html in plain everyday English languageHi RockyHTML is the code behind your webpage and is whatyour browser looks for to display a webpage the way the webdesigner
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Rocky at 258 PM on May 07 2008Tags html
how I improve my english speech
and be confidentYOU CAN DOWNLOAD A LOT OF SOFTWARES FROM INTERNET IT REALLY HELPSAND ANOTHER IDEA IS TO WATCH ENGLISH CHANNELS LIKE METRO NATION NDTV GOOD TIMESAND DONT FORGET TO WATCH NDTV DISCUSSIONSget to c more english movie join times classes on english
they improvise a lotEnglish can be improved by reading booksnewspaper by discussionsThese are certain tips toimprove english
Posted in Counselling by sagar gawde at 803 PM on February 14 2008Tags improve english speech
What is the best way to enhance skills in English Which is most best website which can help tolearn English from basic to a very high class
will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin thinking in English Listening to Native Speakers as Much asPossible is the good idea to enhance your English language skills Here are someFirst of all be motivated become a
person who likes to learn English Using as many different sources methods and tools as possible will allow you tolearn faster There are many different ways
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Posted in Self Development by RAVINDRA at 644 PM on October 03 2008Tags best enhance skills website help learn english basic high
Who created the first mouse
to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThe first marketed integrated mouseshipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came from the resemblance of earlymodels which had a cord attached to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThefirst marketed integrated mouse shipped as a part
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Aryan Gusain at 212 PM on July 02 2008Tags created first mouse
Do you have any idea for FRANKLYN INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGE Its a spoken English Institutewhich gives Job Guarantee if anyone knows plz let me know
190A Maniktolla Main Road Kolkata-54 phone no 91-33-32401558 91-33-32428200 frankylnkkghotmailcomhi poonamur question gives an idea dat ur command on english is nt poor why u r lookingYou have heard rightFRANKLYN offers spoken english courses and there is also a lot of students pursuing courses there
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bull peremptory and preemptive A peremptory act or statement is absolute it cannot be denied A preemptive action is one taken before an adversary can act
o Standard He issued a peremptory order
o Standard Preemptive air strikes stopped the enemy from launching the
new warship
bull perpetrate and perpetuate To perpetrate something is to commit it while to perpetuate is something is to cause it to continue or to keep happening
o Standard The gang perpetrated outrages against several citizens
o Standard The stories only serve to perpetuate the legend that the house is
haunted
bull perquisite and prerequisite Perquisite usually means an extra allowance or privilege Prerequisite means something required as a condition
o Standard He had all the perquisites of a movie star including a stand-in
o Standard Passing the examination was one of the prerequisites for a
teaching position
bull perspective and prospective Perspective is a view with correct visual anglesexample parallel railway tracks converging in the distance Prospective is afuture possibility or expectation
bull perspicuity and perspicacity If something is perspicuous it is easily understoodits meaning is obvious If one is perspicacious then one is quick to understand or has good insight
o Standard I admired her perspicacity she just seemed to get it so much
better than I
o Standard He expressed the idea so perspicuously that anyone couldunderstand
o Non-standard She spoke in a perspicacious way
bull peruse means to read or examine very carefully but is sometimes usederroneously when the exact opposite is meant to read superficially to glanceover quickly to skim
bull photogenic and photographic The former is to be used to mean someoneslikeness is particularly amenable to being well photographed The latter isanything pertaining to photography whether it is technical eg photographic
chemical or equipment or generic eg photographic journals
bull prescribe and proscribe To prescribe something is to command or recommendit To proscribe somebody or something is to outlaw him her or it
bull progeny and prodigy Progeny are offspring or things that follow something elseA prodigy is a genius or a marvelous example of something
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bull Quartary and quaternary Quartary (from Latin quartarius) is the fourthmember of an ordinal number word series beginning with (primary secondarytertiary) and continuing with (quintary sextary )[6] Quaternary (from Latinquaternarius) is the fourth member of a distributive number word series beginning with (singular binary ternary) and continuing with (quinary senary
septenary octonary centenary)[7][8]
In biology the non-standard usage Quaternary structure is so firmly entrenchedthat to refer to Quartary structure would be incorrect
bull redundant does not mean useless or unable to perform its function It meansthat there is an excess of something that something is surplus to requirementsand no longer needed or that it is obsolete
o Standard A new pill that will instantly cure any illness has made
antibiotics redundant (Antibiotics could still be used to cure illnesses butthey are no longer needed because a better pill has been invented)
o
Standard The week before Christmas the company made seventy-fiveworkers redundanto Non-standard Over-use of antibiotics risks making them redundant (This
should read over-use of antibiotics risks making them ineffective)
bull regimen and regiment A regimen is a system of order and may often refer to thesystematic dosing of medication A regiment is a military unit
o Standard The sick soldier was removed from his regiment
o Standard The sick soldier was ordered to complete a regimen of
amoxicillin
bull
reign and rein A reign refers to the rule of a monarch Reins are the straps usedto control the movements of an animal (typically a horse) Thus to take thereins means to assume control and to have free rein means to be free of constraints[9]
o Non-standard the Suns gave Sports Illustrateds Jack McCallum free
reign of practices[10] o Non-standard Bobby Jindal a whiz kid takes the reigns of Louisianas
Department of Health and Hospital[11]
[edit] S to T
bull sensual and sensuous Both words mean to do with the senses Sensual is moreoften applied to a pleasure or experience or to a persons character sensuous tosomeone or something of enticing appearance
o Standard Don Juan is the most sensual character in fiction
o Standard Ascetics believe in avoiding all sensual pleasures
o Standard Marilyn Monroe looks extremely sensuous in this film clip
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bull set and sit When used as a verb to set means to place or to adjust to a valuewhereas to sit means to be seated
o Standard Set the pot upon the stove
o Standard Set the temperature-control to 100 degC
o Non-standard Set down over there
o Non-standard Sit the pot on the stoveo Standard Sit on the chair
bull shrink and shirk To shirk means to consistently avoid to neglect to be tooafraid to engage To shrink means to contract to become physically smaller insize also to shrink away means to suddenly jerk away from something inhorror However to shrink from may also mean to hesitate or show reluctancetoward
o Standard I will not shirk discussion
o Standard I will not shrink from discussion
o Standard She shrank away from me
o Non-standard I will not shrink discussiono Non-standard I will not shirk from discussion
bull sight site and cite A sight is something seen a site is a place To cite is to quoteor list as a source
o Standard You are a sight for sore eyes
o Standard I found a list of the sights of Rome on a tourist site
o Standard Please cite the sources you used in your essay
o Standard You must travel to the site of the dig to see the dinosaur bones
o Standard It is necessary to have line-of-sight if you want to use
semaphore
o Non-standard One must be careful on a construction sighto Non-standard I will site the book in which I saw the statistics
o Non-standard I could not fire because I did not have line-of-site to the
target
bull temblor and trembler A temblor is an earthquake A trembler is something thattrembles
bull than and then Than is a grammatical particle and preposition associated withcomparatives whereas then is an adverb and a noun In certain dialects the twowords are usually homophones because they are function words with reduced
vowels and this may cause speakers to confuse themo Standard I like pizza more than lasagne
o Standard We ate dinner then went to the movies
o Non-standard You are a better person then I am
bull there their theyre and therere There refers to the location of somethingTheir means belonging to them Theyre is a contraction of They are Therere
is a contraction of there are[citation needed ]
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o Standard Therere five of them and theyre all coming to the restaurant for
their dinner we will meet them there
bull theres wheres etc A common spoken mistake is using a singular contractionwhen it should be plural in words like theres and wheres This stems from the
fact that therere and wherere are more difficult to enunciate and are oftenavoided for that reason in colloquial speecho Non-standard Wheres the cars (Should be Wherere)
o Non-standard Theres many types of cars (Should be Therere)
bull to too Too means in excess or also To is a preposition or is a part of a verbin the infinitive At the end of a sentence to may also refer to a dropped verb inthe infinitive
bull trimester A trimester is a period of three months[12][13] Because it is mostcommonly used in conjunction with a nine-month academic year [14] or a nine-
month term of human pregnancy[15]
it is sometimes wrongly assumed thattrimester is simply a synonym for one third[16][17] o Standard One calendar year contains four trimesters
o Non-standard Without further delay then comes ESPNcoms annual
(and overdue) First Trimester Report ushering folks back to the office bytaking stock of the seasons opening third[18]
[edit] U to Z
bull venal and venial These words are sometimes confused venal means corruptable to be bribed or for sale venial means pardonable not serious[2][19]
o Standard According to Catholic doctrine eating meat on a Friday is avenial sin but murder is a mortal sin
o Standard All ages have examples of venal politicians
bull warranty and warrantee A warranty is a legal assurance that some object can perform some specified task or meets certain quality standards A warrantee is the person who benefits from a warranty The verb form is warrant Confusion herecan stem from guarantee and the less common guaranty which have similar meanings
o Standard Most new cars come with at least a three-year warranty
o Standard I guarantee that you will make a return on your investment
o Non-standard Your mobile phone has stopped working Maybe you needto claim under the warrantee
bull whose and whos Whose is an interrogative word (Whose is this) or a relative pronoun (The people whose house you admired) whos is a contraction for whois or who has
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bull wont and wont Wont is a contraction for will not while wont is a wordmeaning accustomed or inclined to (as an adjective) or habit or custom (as anoun)
o Standard He wont let me drive his car
o Standard He spent the morning reading as he was wont to do
o Standard He took a walk in the evening as was his wonto Non-standard I wont need to go to the supermarket after all
bull youre and your While they sound the same in many dialects in standard writtenEnglish they have separate meanings Youre is a contraction for you are and your is a possessive pronoun meaning belonging to you When in doubt just seewhether the word in question can logically be expanded to you are
o Standard When driving always wear your seatbelt
o Standard If youre going out please be home by ten oclock
o Non-standard Youre mother called this morning
o Non-standard Your the first person to notice my new haircut today
bull aggravate ndash Some prescriptivists have argued that this word should not be used inthe sense of to annoy or to oppress but only to mean to make worseHowever this proscription against to annoy is not rooted in history Accordingto AHDI the annoy usage occurs in English as far back as the 17th centuryfurthermore in Latin from which the word was borrowed both meanings wereused[1] Sixty-eight percent of AHD4s Usage Panel approves of its use in Its theendless wait for luggage that aggravates me the most about air travel [2] M-Wmentions that while aggravate in the sense of to rouse to displeasure or anger byusually persistent and often petty goading has been around since the 17thcentury disapproval of that usage only appeared around 1870[3] RH states in its
usage note under aggravate that The two most common senses of aggravate areto make worse and to annoy or exasperate Both senses first appeared in theearly 17th century at almost the same time the corresponding two senses of thenoun aggravation also appeared then Both senses of aggravate and aggravation
have been standard since then[4] Chambers cites this usage as colloquial andthat it is well established especially in spoken English although it is sometimesregarded as incorrect[5]
o Disputed usage Its the endless wait for luggage that aggravates me the
most about air travelo Undisputed usage Being hit on the head by a falling brick aggravated my
already painful headache
bull aint ndash originally a contraction of am not this word is widely used as areplacement for arent isnt havent and hasnt as well While aint hasexisted in the English language for a very long time and it is a common normalword in many dialects in both North America and the British Isles it is not a partof standard English and its use in formal writing is not recommended by mostusage commentators Its unselfconscious use in speech may tend to mark thespeaker as uneducated Nevertheless aint is used by educated speakers and
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writers for deliberate effect what Oxford American Dictionary describes astongue-in-cheek or reverse snobbery and what Merriam-Webster Collegiate
calls emphatic effect or a consistently informal style[6]
bull alibi ndash Some prescriptivists argue this cannot be used in the non-legal sense of
an explanation or excuse to avoid blame or justify action AHD4 notes that thisusage was acceptable to almost half[7] of the Usage Panel while most opposedthe words use as a verb M-W mentions no usage problems listing the disputedmeaning second to its legal sense without comment OED cites the non-legal nounand verb usages as colloquial and orig[inally] US[8] Chambers deems this usecolloquial[9]
bull alright ndash An alternate to all right that some consider illiterate but others allowRH says that it probably arose in analogy with other similar words such asaltogether and already it does concede the use in writing as informal and thatall right is used in more formal edited writing[10] AHD4 flags alright as
nonstandard
[11]
and comments that this unacceptance (compared to altogether etc) is peculiar and may be due to its relative recentness (altogether andalready date back to the Middle Ages alright only a little over a century)[12]
Chambers refers to varying levels of formality of all right deeming alright to bemore casual it recommends the use of all right in writing for readers who are precise about the use of language[13]
bull also ndash Some prescriptivists contend this word should not be used to begin asentence AHD4 says 63 percent of the Usage Panel found acceptable theexample The warranty covers all power-train components Also participating dealers back their work with a free lifetime service guarantee[14] See also and amp
but below
bull alternate ndash In British English this adjective means according to OED and other sources switching between two options or similar It does not mean the same asalternative (see next) which OED specifically marks as an American meaning of alternate In international English it is thus thought better to observe the Britishdistinction then the meanings of alternative and alternate will be clear toeveryone (See meanings given at M-W the same applies to the adverbsalternately and alternatively)
bull alternative ndash Some prescriptivists argue that alternative should be used onlywhen the number of choices involved is exactly two While AHD4 allows thewords longstanding use to mean one of a number of things from which only onecan be chosen and the acceptance of this usage by many language critics it goeson to state that only 49 of its Usage panel approves of its use as in Of the threealternatives the first is the least distasteful[15] Neither M-W[16] nor RH[17]
mentions any such restriction to a choice of two Chambers qualifies its definitionas referring to strictly speaking two but often used of more than two possibilities[18]
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bull ampm ndash These are Latin abbreviations for the adverbial phrases antemeridiem (before noon) and post meridiem (after noon) Some prescriptivistsargue that they thus should not be used in English as nouns meaning morningand afternoon however such use is consistent with ordinary nominalizationfeatures of English AHD4 lists adjectival usage with an AM appointment [19]
and a PM appointment[20]
RH gives Shall we meet Saturday am[19]
withoutcomment it gives no corresponding example at pm so that usage can only beextrapolated Also the National Institute of Standards and Technology (nd)contends it is incorrect to use 12 am or 12 pm to mean either noon or midnight
bull amongamongst and between ndash The traditionalist view is that between shouldonly be used when there are only two objects for comparison and among or amongst should be used for more than two objects Most style guides anddictionaries do not support this advice saying that between can be used to refer tosomething that is in the time space or interval that separates more than two itemsM-W says that the idea that between can be used only of two items is persistent
but unfounded
[21]
and AHD4 calls it a widely repeated but unjustified tradition[22] The OED says In all senses between has been from its earliest appearanceextended to more than two[23] Chambers says It is acceptable to use between
with reference to more than two people or things although does state that among
may be more appropriate in some circumstances[24] o Undisputed usage I parked my car between the two telegraph poles
o Undisputed usage Youll find my brain between my ears
o Disputed usage The duck swam between the reeds
o Disputed usage They searched the area between the river the farmhouse
and the woodso Undisputed usage We shared the money evenly amongst the three of us
o
Disputed usage We shared the money between Tom Dick and meo Undisputed usage My house was built among the gum trees
bull amount ndash Some prescriptivists argue amount should not be substituted for number They recommend the use of number if the thing referred to is countableand amount only if it is uncountable While RH acknowledges the traditionaldistinction between amount and number it mentions that [a]lthough objected tothe use of amount instead of number with countable nouns occurs in both speechand writing especially when the noun can be considered as a unit or group (theamount of people present the amount of weapons) or when it refers to money(the amount of dollars paid the amount of pennies in the till)[25] (see also less)
o
Disputed usage I was amazed by the amount of people who visited mywebsite (With knowledge of the exact number)o Undisputed usage The number of people in the lift must not exceed 10
o Undisputed usage I was unimpressed by the amount of water consumed
by the elephant
bull and ndash Some prescriptivists argue that sentences should not begin with the wordand on the argument that as a conjunction it should only join clauses within a
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sentence AHD4 states that this stricture has been ridiculed by grammarians for decades and ignored by writers from Shakespeare to Joyce Carol Oates[26] RHstates Both and and but and to a lesser extent or and so are common astransitional words at the beginnings of sentences in all types of speech andwriting it goes on to suggest that opposition to this usage probably stems from
the overuse of such sentences by inexperienced writers[27]
ENCARTA opinesthat said opposition comes from too literal an understanding of the joiningfunction of conjunctions and states that any overuse is a matter of poor style notgrammatical correctness[28] COED calls the usage quite acceptable[29] Manyverses of the King James Bible begin with and as does William Blakes poem And did those feet in ancient time (aka Jerusalem) Fowlers Modern EnglishUsage defends this use of and Chambers states that Although it is sometimesregarded as poor style it is not ungrammatical to begin a sentence with and [30]
See also also above and but below
bull anxious ndash Some prescriptivists argue that this word should only be used in the
sense of worried or worrisome (compare anxiety) but it has been used inthe sense of eager for over 250 years 52 of AHD4s Usage Panel accepts itsuse in the sentence We are anxious to see the new show of contemporarysculpture at the museum Also it suggests that the use of anxious to mean eager
may be mild hyperbole as the use of dying in the sentence Im dying to see your new baby[31] RH states bluntly that its use in the sense of eageris fullystandard[32] M-W defines anxious as 3 ardently or earnestly wishing ltanxiousto learn moregt synonym see EAGER[33] Chambers gives 3 very eager bullanxious to do well[34]
[edit] B
bull barbaric and barbarous mdash Barbaric applies to the culture of barbarians and may be positive (barbaric splendor) barbarous applies to the behavior of barbariansand is negative (barbarous cruelty) This is standard English usage HoweverM-W equates the third meaning of barbaric with the third of barbarous thatis mercilessly harsh or cruel[35] COD11 and Chambers list savagely cruel andcruel and brutal excessively harsh or vicious[36] respectively as the first
meanings for barbaric Only AHD4 disallows this usage and without comment[37]
o Undisputed The environment of the venue was barbaric
o Undisputed Terrorism is barbarous
o Disputed Capital punishment is a disgusting barbaric measure
bull begging the question In logic begging the question is another term for petitio
principii or arguing in a circle in other words making assumptions in advanceabout the very issue in dispute Now often used to mean simply leading to thequestion
o Undisputed You argue that Christianity must be true because the Bible
says so Isnt that begging the question
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o Disputed You want to go to the theatre That begs the question which day
we should go
bull but ndash Some prescriptivists argue that if and should not be used to begin sentencesthen neither should but These words are both conjunctions thus they believe that
they should be used only to link clauses within a sentence AHD4 states that itmay be used to begin a sentence at all levels of style [38]
[edit] C
bull can and may ndash Some prescriptivists argue that can refers to possibility and may
refers to permission and insist on maintaining this distinction although usage of can to refer to permission is pervasive in spoken and very frequent in writtenEnglish M-W notes Can and may are most frequently interchangeable in sensesdenoting possibility because the possibility of ones doing something may (or can) depend on anothers acquiescence they have also become interchangeable in
the sense denoting permission The use of can to ask or grant permission has beencommon since the 19th century and is well established although somecommentators feel may is more appropriate in formal contexts May is relativelyrare in negative constructions (maynt is not common) cannot and cant are usualin such contexts[39] AHD4 echoes this sentiment of formality noting that only21 of the Usage Panel accepted can in the example Can I take another week tosubmit the application[40] For its part OED labels the use of can for may ascolloquial[41]
bull comprise ndash Comprise means to consist of A second meaning to compose or constitute is sometimes attacked by usage writers However it is supported as
sense 3 along with a usage note in M-W[42] and although AHD4 notes the usageas a usage problem its usage note says Our surveys show that opposition tothis usage is abating In the 1960s 53 percent of the Usage Panel found this usageunacceptable in 1996 only 35 percent objected[43]
o Undisputed usage The English Wikipedia comprises more than two
million articleso Disputed usage The English Wikipedia comprises of more than two
million articleso Disputed usage The English Wikipedia is comprised of more than two
million articleso Disputed usage More than two million articles comprise the English
Wikipediao Disputed usage Diatoms comprise more than 70 of all phytoplankton
o Undisputed usage Diatoms constitute more than 70 of all
phytoplanktono Disputed usage Those in the industry have mostly scoffed at the young
inexperienced Carter and the rest of the high school pals that comprise thecompany[44]
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Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] D
bull deprecate ndash The original meaning in English is deplore or express disapproval
of (the Latin from which the word derives means pray to avert evil suggestingthat some event would be a calamity) The word is now also used to mean playdown belittle or devalue a shift that some prescriptivists disapprove of as itsuggests the word is being confused with the similar word depreciate in factAHD4 states that in this sense deprecate has almost completely supplanteddepreciate however a majority of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved thissense[45] Its use with the approximate meaning to declare obsolete in computer jargon is also sometimes condemned
bull diagnose ndash Cochrane (2004) states that to diagnose [someone] with a disease isan incorrect usage of the verb diagnose which takes the physician as subject and
a disease as object (eg to diagnose cancer) In American English according toAHD4[46] and M-W[47] the sense of diagnose [someone] with a disease is listedwithout comment or tag however for its part RH does not list such a usage withor without comment For British English COD11 offers identify the medicalcondition of (someone) she was diagnosed as having epilepsy (2004) this usagehowever did not appear in editions as recently as the 1990s Chambers does notoffer this sense at all[48]
o Disputed usage Mr Smith was diagnosed with diabetes
o Undisputed usage The doctor diagnosed diabetes
bull different ndash Standard usage in both Britain and America is different from (on the
analogy of to differ from) In Britain this competes with different to (coinedon the analogy of similar to) In America it competes with different than(coined on the analogy of other than) Different to is also found in IrishAustralian and New Zealand English
o Undisputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different
from the Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different to the
Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different than
the British
bull disinterested ndash Standard usage is as a word for unbiased but some have alsorendered it synonymous with uninterested or apathetic
o Undisputed usage As their mutual best friend I tried to remain
disinterested in their argument so as not to anger eithero Disputed usage The key to attracting a member of the opposite sex is to
balance between giving attention to him or her and appearingdisinterested
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bull due to ndash The adjectival use of due to is undisputed Its adverbial use howeverhas been a subject of dispute for many years as witnessed by several (especiallyUS) dictionary usage notes that in the end designate it as standard WilliamStrunk in his Elements of style labelled the disputed adverbial use of due to asincorrect [49] Although the first (1926) edition of FOWLER condemned the
adverbial use as common only among the illiterate the third (1996) editionsaid Opinion remains sharply divided but it begins to look as if this use of due
to will form part of the natural language of the 21C as one more example of aforgotten battle Due to is frequently used in place of from for with of because
of and other prepositions Undisputed synonyms for due to are caused by andattributable to
o Disputed usage He died due to cancer (He died of cancer)
o Disputed usage Due to the end of the Second War circumstances altered
profoundly (With the end of the Second War circumstances altered profoundly)
o Disputed usage The project failed due to lack of funds (The project
failed for lack of funds) o Undisputed usage His death was due to cancer
o Undisputed usage Many thought the problem was due to mismanagement
[edit] E
bull enormity ndash Frequently used as a synonym for enormousness or immensity but traditionally means extreme wickedness According to AHD4 thisdistinction has not always occurred historically but is now supported by 59 of the dictionarys Usage Panel[50] COD11 states that enormity as a synonym for hugeness is now broadly accepted as standard English Although Chambers lists
immenseness or vastness as a meaning it says it should not be used in thatsense commenting that it is encountered often because the word enormousness isawkward it recommends using instead another word such as hugeness greatness etc[51]
o Disputed usage The enormity of the elephant astounded me
o Traditional usage The enormity of Stalins purges astounds me
[edit] F
bull farther and further ndash Many prescriptivists adhere to the rule that farther only
should refer to matters of physical distance or position while further should bereserved for usages involving time or degree (as well as undisputed descriptionsof moreover and in addition)
o Disputed usage San Jose is further from LA than Santa Barbara
o Disputed usage LA was a couple hours farther from home than I
expectedo Disputed usage If her fever increases any farther I will call the doctor
o Undisputed usage I would like to discuss the issue further at a later time
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bull fortuitously ndash Used by some interchangeably with fortunately strictly speaking fortuitousness is a reference to an occurrence depending on chance M-W notesthat use of the word in sense of fortunate has been in standard use for at least 70years and notes that the sense of coming or happening by a lucky chance isvirtually unnoticed by usage critics[52][clarification needed ]
[edit] G
bull gender ndash Gender is often used interchangeably with sex in the sense of the biological or social quality male and female It is never used to refer to sexualintercourse
o Gender traditionally refers to grammatical gender a feature in the
grammar of a number of different languages Some prescriptivists arguethat its use as a euphemism for sex is to be avoided as a genteelismFowler (p 211) says it is used either as a jocularityor a blunder
o Sex and gender can be used in different but related senses with sex
referring to biological characteristics and gender to social roles andexpectations based on sex Use of gender as interchangeable with or as areplacement for sex may confuse readers who draw this distinction See
gender identity gender role
[edit] H
bull hoi polloi ndash The question surrounding hoi polloi is whether it is appropriate to usethe article the preceding the phrase it arises because hoi is the Greek word for the in the phrase and classical purists complain that adding the makes the phrase
redundant the the common people Foreign phrases borrowed into English areoften reanalyzed as single grammatical units requiring an English article inappropriate contexts AHD4 says The Arabic element al- means the andappears in English nouns such as alcohol and alchemy Thus since no one wouldconsider a phrase such as the alcohol to be redundant criticizing the hoi polloi onsimilar grounds seems pedantic[53]
bull hopefully ndash Some prescriptivists argue this word should not be used as anexpression of confidence in an outcome however M-W classes hopefully withother words such as interestingly frankly and unfortunately (which areunremarkably used in a similar way) as disjuncts and describes this usage as
entirely standard
[54]
AHD4 however notes that opposition to this usage by their usage panels has grown from 56 to 73 despite support for similar disjuncts(such as 60 support for the use of mercifully in Mercifully the game ended before the opponents could add another touchdown to the lopsided score) AHD4opines that this opposition is not to the use of these adverbs in general but thatthis use of hopefully has become a shibboleth[55] OED lists this usage withoutany colloquial or other label other than to say Avoided by many writers[56]
See also the discussion of hopefully as a dangling modifier One investigation in
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modern corpora on Language Log revealed that outside fiction where it stillrepresents 40 of all uses (the other qualifying primarily speech and gazes)disjunct uses account for the vast majority (over 90) of all uses of the word[57]
o Disputed usage Hopefully Ill get that scholarship
o Undisputed usage The prisoner thought hopefully about the prospect for
escape when he realized the guards accidentally left his cell unlocked
Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] L
bull less ndash Some prescriptivists argue that less should not be substituted for fewer Merriam-Webster notes The traditional view is that less applies to matters of degree value or amount and modifies collective nouns mass nouns or nounsdenoting an abstract whole while fewer applies to matters of number and modifies plural nouns Less has been used to modify plural nouns since the days of King
Alfred and the usage though roundly decried appears to be increasing Less ismore likely than fewer to modify plural nouns when distances sums of moneyand a few fixed phrases are involved ltless than 100 milesgt ltan investment of less
than $2000gt ltin 25 words or lessgt and as likely as fewer to modify periods of time ltin less (or fewer ) than four hoursgt[58]
o Disputed usage This lane 12 items or less
o Undisputed usage We had fewer players on the team this season
o Undisputed usage There is less water in the tank now
bull like and as ndash Some prescriptivists object to the use of like as a conjunction statingit is rather a preposition and that only as would be appropriate in this
circumstance M-W however cites likes use as a conjunction as standard sincethe 14th century and opines that opposition to it is perhaps more heated thanrational (see M-Ws entry like [7 conjunction]) AHD4 says Writers sinceChaucers time have used like as a conjunction but 19th-century and 20th-centurycritics have been so vehement in their condemnations of this usage that a writer who uses the construction in formal style risks being accused of illiteracy or worse and recommends using as in formal speech and writing[59] OED does nottag it as colloquial or nonstandard but notes Used as conj[unction] = like asas Now generally condemned as vulgar or slovenly though examples may befound in many recent writers of standing[60] Chambers lists the conjunctive useas colloquial[61]
o Undisputed usage He is an American as am Io Undisputed usage He is an American like me
o Undisputed usage It looks as if this play will be a flop
o Undisputed usage This play looks like a flop
o Disputed usage He is an American like I am
o Disputed usage It looks like this play will be a flop
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull literally ndash Some prescriptivists argue literally should not be used as a mereemphatic unless the thing to which it refers is actually true It is used todisambiguate a possible metaphorical interpretation of a phrase M-W does notcondemn the second use which means in effect or virtually but says the useis pure hyperbole intended to gain emphasis but it often appears in contexts
where no additional emphasis is necessary[62]
o Disputed usage The party literally went with a bang (No it did not
unless there was an actual loud noise)o Undisputed usage I literally ran more than 25 miles today I ran a
marathon
bull loan ndash The use of loan as a verb meaning to give out a loan is disputed withlend being preferred for the verb form AHD4 flatly states [t]he verb loan is wellestablished in American usage and cannot be considered incorrect[63] M-W statesloan is entirely standard as a verb[64] RH says Sometimes mistakenlyidentified as an Americanism loan as a verb meaning to lend has been used in
English for nearly 800 years it further states that objections to this use arecomparatively recent[65] Chambers defines the verb loan as to lend (especiallymoney)[66] OED merely states Now chiefly US[67] and COD11 includes themeaning without tag or comment
o Undisputed usage I lent him some money
o Undisputed usage Fill out the paperwork for a loan
o Disputed usage I loaned him some money
[edit] M
bull may and might ndash May should only be used where the event in question is still
possible not for something that was possible in the past or for a hypothetical present possibility Might is properly the past tense form of may (In similar fashion could should and would are all past tense forms for can shalland will respectively)
o Undisputed usage My brother may have gone to China last week
( perhaps he did )o Disputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother may have gone
to China last week (but he didnt )o Undisputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother might have
gone to China last weeko Disputed usage He thought it may be true (but it wasnt )
o Undisputed usage He thought it might be true
bull meet ndash Some prescriptivists state that as a transitive verb in the context to cometogether by chance or arrangement meet (as in meet (someone)) does not requirea preposition between verb and object the phrase meet with (someone) is deemedincorrect Chambers flags this usage US[68] RH allows it in the sense of to joinas for conference or instruction I met with her an hour a day until we solved the problem[69] On the other hand none of M-W AHD4 or COD11 entertains this
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usage NOTE In the sense of fulfilling prerequisites or criteria (We met with theentry requirements) or that of encountering (Our suggestions may meet with
opposition the soldiers met with machine-gun fire) the verb phrase meet with isnot in dispute
o Disputed usage I will meet with you tonight
o
Undisputed usage I will meet you tonight
bull momentarily ndash Traditionally momentarily means for a moment but its use tomean in a moment is sometimes disputed M-W[70] and RH[71] give this latter usage a standard entry without comment while OED[72] and Chambers[73] tag itNAmer AHD4 has a usage note indicating that 59 of their Usage Paneldeems this usage unacceptable[74]
o Disputed usage Your feature presentation will begin momentarily
o Undisputed usage The flash from the atom bomb momentarily lit up the
night sky
[edit] N
bull nauseous ndash Traditionally nauseous means causing nausea (synonymous withnauseating) it is commonly used now as a synonym for queasy that ishaving the feeling of nausea AHD4 notes the traditional view stating that 72 of the Usage Panel preferred nauseated over nauseous to mean affected withnausea however 88 of that same panel preferred nauseating to nauseous tomean causing nausea in other words a maximum of only 28 prefersnauseous in either case It also states that in common usage nauseous issynonymous with nauseated but deems this usage incorrect[75] M-W howeverasserts that [t]hose who insist that nauseous is an error for nauseated are
mistaken[76] Both M-W and AHD4 accept that nauseous is supplantingnauseated for feeling nausea and in turn being replaced by nauseating for causing nausea in general usage they only differ on the correctness of thechange RH states The two literal senses of nauseous [] appear in English atalmost the same time in the early 17th century and both senses are in standard useat the present time Nauseous is more common than nauseated in the senseaffected with nausea despite recent objections by those who imagine the sense to be new[77] CHAMBERS lists the sense of causing nausea first and affected withnausea second[78] while COD11 gives the affliction first and causation second both dictionaries list the entries without comment OED goes further tagging itsnauseated usage as Orig[inally] US but demoted its nauseating usage to
literary OED also notes that the original (now obsolete) sense of the word inEnglish was inclined to sickness or nausea squeamish[79] Curiously this oldestseventeenth-century meaning (inclined to nausea) while distinct from thedisputed twentieth-century usage (afflicted by nausea) more closely resemblesthe latter than it does the prescribed meaning (causing nausea)
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseous
o Disputed usage That smell is making me nauseous
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseating
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882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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future tense (The supervisor will be back presently)[80] M-W mentions the samevintage for the sense of now and that it is not clear why it is objectionable[81]
AHD4 states that despite its use nowadays in literate speech and writing thatthere is still lingering prejudice against this use In the late 1980s only 50 of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved of the sentence General Walters is hellip
presently the United States Ambassador to the United Nations[82]
COD11 lists both usages without comment CHAMBERS merely flags the sense of now asN Amer especially US[83]
o Disputed usage I am presently reading Wikipedia
o Undisputed usage I will be finished with that activity presently
[edit] R
bull refute ndash The traditional meaning of refute is disprove or dispel with reasoned
arguments It is now often used as a synonym for deny The latter sense islisted without comment by M-W[84] and AHD4[85] while CHAMBERS tags it ascolloquial[86] COD11 states that Traditionalists object to [the use of refute asdeny] but it is now widely accepted in standard English However RH does notmention this use at all[87]
bull relatively ndash Literally meaning compared to some now use relatively to meanmoderately or somewhat AHD4 does not list this usage at all [88] M-W hasapparently blended the two usages in one[89]
o Disputed usage That man was relatively annoying
o Undisputed usage Though relatively harmless when compared to
dimethylmercury mercury (II) oxide is still quite toxic
[edit] S
bull Scotch Scots and Scottish ndash Formerly English people used Scotch whereScottish people used Scottish The current convention is as follows
o Scottish for people
o Scotch for things (especially whisky)
o Scots for institutions (Scots law Scots language)
bull
seek ndash This means look for but is used to mean try or want This usage iscriticised by Fowler in the entry Formal Words
o Disputed usage we did seek to resolve the Iraq crisis by peaceful
means those who seek to emulate his legacy of murder the Liberalsseek to undermine that future[attribution needed ]
o Undisputed usage Seek and ye shall find
[edit] T
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull than mdash Than is the subject of a longstanding dispute as to its status as a preposition or conjunction see than For the disputed construction different thansee Different
bull they mdash Prescriptivists regard this as a plural pronoun that uses a third person
plural verb conjugation (see below they show) but the word is now commonlyused especially in speech and informal writing as a non-gender-specific third- person singular pronoun (which modern English otherwise lacks) Alternativesinclude he or she and generic he Some writers argue that generic he isgeneric (as the name implies) and thus includes both sexes Others find it sexist or too old-fashioned The pronouns you or one can be used in some sentences
o Disputed usage A person is rude if they show no respect for their hosts
o Undisputed usage One is rude if one shows no respect for ones hosts
o Undisputed usage It is rude not to show respect for hosts
o Undisputed usage Many people have told me that they are satisfied with
their food
bull thusly mdash Thusly (AHD4 suggests) was originally coined by educated writers tomake fun of uneducated persons trying to sound genteel[90] Thusly howeverdiffused into popular usage Some people accept it as an adverb in its own rightwhile others believe thus should be used in all cases The word thusly appearswith no associated usage notes in M-W[91] COD11 tags it as informal with theentry thus tagged as literary or formal CHAMBERS does not list the word atall and it is unknown in British usage[92]
[edit] U
bull unique ndash Some prescriptivists argue that unique only means sole or unequaled (British spelling unequalled) but most dictionaries give a thirdmeaning unusual which can be qualified by very or somewhat as in Thetheme of the party was somewhat unique see comparison Almost unique isuniversally acceptable[citation needed ]
[edit] W
bull
whilst and while mdash Penguin Working Words recommends while only and notesthat whilst is old-fashioned Cambridge Guide to English Usage and M-WsWebsters Guide to English Usage comment on its regional character and notethat it is rare in American usage It is thus safer to use only while in internationalEnglish (See the article While for further sources deprecating the use of whilst and cautioning about uses of while)
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull who mdash Some prescriptivists argue that who should be used only as a subject pronoun the corresponding object pronoun being whom Strictly speakingusing who instead of whom is substituting a subjective pronoun for an objective pronoun and hence is the same as using she instead of her (eg I talked to she
today) Most people never use whom in spoken English and instead use who for
all cases Those who use whom in everyday speech may recognize substitution of who as substandard FOWLER has an extensive entry on who and whom
including several quotes from major publications where whom is used incorrectlyo Undisputed usage You are talking to whom
o Disputed usage You are talking to who
o Undisputed usage To whom are you talking
o Disputed usage To who are you talking
o Disputed usage far more hostile to Diana whom she believes betrayed
the Prince of WalesmdashIndependent Mag 1993 (FOWLER)o Undisputed usage far more hostile to Diana who she believes betrayed
the Prince of Wales
o Disputed usage Whom do men say that I am (Mark 927 King JamesVersion)
bull whoever mdash This extension of who (see above) along with its object formwhomever is attended by the same uncertainties as who along with whom and isdiscussed in the same sources (See the relevant section at Who)
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever wants it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever you think should have it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whomever you choose to give it
o Disputed usage Give it to whoever you choose to give it to
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever wants it
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever you think should have it
Module - Pair work - Asking questions to yourpartner
Hey
with Group 2 we first talked a little about food at the beginning of the class as awarm up And here is what we said
to be written by Franc
Then today was the first day that we worked in pairs You had to find informationabout superhero characters asking questions to your partner
Here are the two worksheets if you still need to complete them
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW you need to be able to speak about the picture of a super hero + speak about
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their story + give the common points between all the super heroes presented Yourpresentation will last about 3 to 5 minutes You can send me some drafts (brouillon)if neededBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - Tale LV2
Southern Trees - beginning of the study
Hey
today we first warmed up about your future jobs while waiting for those who werelate Here is what you said
I would like to become an architect when I leave highschool (Selma)I want to study law to be a lawyer maybe ( Jeacuterocircme)
Structures WANT TO WOULD LIKE TO -- Attention aux noms de meacutetiers quisont preacuteceacutedeacutes de larticle aan
Then we did a quick recap about what Jim Crow laws used to be Here is what wesaid
bull Jim Crow Laws
These were laws about racial segregation until the end of the 1960sBlacks were not allowed to go to school with Whites
Blacks were not allowed to attend school with WhitesBlacks were forbidden to live together there were separate water
fountains rest rooms or entrances at restaurantsThey were prohibited to sit at the front of a bus
bull KKK(1865-)
white Protestantssupremacy of the white race
white costumesterrorism and violence to oppress Blacks
Finally we listened to the text and we started our general comprehesion by
highlighting the important information about the type of document the places thetime Here is what we wrote
bull Text Southern Trees
- type of doc extract from the autobiographic novel of Billie Holliday- who Billie Holliday Lewis Allen piano player of Billie Pop audience bitch
- where in New-York at Cafe Society on 52nd Street Miami Los Angeles
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- when published in 1956
HW you need to finish answering the usual wh- questions about the text (inparticular about the feelings of the characters involved) You also need to divide thetext into 2 parts give them a title and justify your titles
NB you will have a vocabulary test next week with the words from the lesson andthe words from the tool box p 53 You may also have a test about the text andabout racial discrimination in the US on Wednesday It will depend on how far we areinto the study of the document Southern TreesBy English Prof
Enter comment - View comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Spiderman - Page 3
This morning with the whole class we first warmed up with why I was a little late inclass Here is what we wrote
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
Then we studied the last page from Spiderman
There was a secretary for each person that spoke about a panel Here are the notesthat we took while they were speaking
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
HW you will be able to speak about the document at the beginning of the class in arow (dun seul trait )You can download the last page here
By English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Oral tests about picture presentation + Lastsuperhero activity in pair work
Hey
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today in module I asked you to speak about the picture p 152 that you had tocomment You need to improve your analysis Ill be asking other students next timeagain
Here is an example of presentation Its not perfect but its a rather good one
The document is a picture where there are two parts In the first part wecan see a white family at the bottom who is sitting in a garden They looksurprised and they are looking at the second family who feels happy and
impressed Contrary to the white family they are standing and clad with
their traditional dress Its a black family
To me the scene takes place in the USA and the goal of this picture is todenounce discrimination which treats people differently in society
The photographer aims at criticizing segregation In this photo theseparation is represented by the fence which is separating Africans from
Americans Segregation in the 20th century in America was when the Blacksand the Whites couldnt blend
To my mind this picture is a good representation of discrimination MartinLuther King and Rosa Park are the symbols of this conflict When I see somepeople wanted to change society and make people aware of these
inequalities through paintings photos speeches or parades Im grateful tothem
The picture attains its objective I like this photo because it denounces very
well the implicit problems of American society in the 20th century(by Rochella D)
Group 2 then we started a new activity about grammar on how to differentiatebetween Present Simple and Present Be + ing
You may download the documents hereyet to be uploaded
Group 1 Then we started a new activity that was initially designed by MissFernandes a colleague in the academy of Caen We first described the pictures of the superheroes
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW You need to finish the description of each picture and prepare the questions toask to your partner about the missing elements in your worksheetBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareMonday 16 november 2009
- Posted in For Fun
The Prisoner - New Series - Trailer
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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A new American series that you will probably LOVE Here is the trailer Looks andsounds fantastic
Exprimer le conseil en anglais
Today after taking a test on Body beauty and body parts (phonetics included) wespoke about superstitions on Friday the 13th And we discovered that Jonathansgrand-ma was extremely supersticious and that some of you believed in supernaturalthings too like Juliette who thinks her mother can read her mind or Camille RL whois sure what she says sometimes comes true Beware of the other Camille T whohas got a black cat She is certainly a witch and she may transform us all intopiglets Just kidding of course )
Here is what we said about superstitions
Today is a special day
On Friday the 13th people who are superstitious believe something terribly
bad or something awesome will happen to them
Examples of supertisions- you shouldnt be 13 around a table
- you shouldnt walk under a ladder- you shouldnt meet a black cat
- you shouldnt break a mirror- you shouldnt celebrate a birthday before
- you should wear a rabbit leg- you shouldnt walk on a line in the street
- you shouldnt cross your legs- you should touch wood when you say something bad
- you shouldnt put hats or shoes on a bed- you shouldnt open your umbrella inside
- you shouldnt put the bread upside down
Remember to express advice there are 3 very simple structures
bull should shouldnt + V
bull had better had better not + V bull ought to ought not to + V
Chocircmage unemployment
Embaucher to hire
bull by + V+ ing au moyen de en + V+ ingbull to + V pour + V (le but)
leisure loisirshigh ndash loweacuteleveacute ndash bas
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ecirctre oblige de to have to + Vto lead to entraicircnerhuge immense= The work-week la semaine de travailIn France the 35 hours-work week was decided and implemented in the 1990rsquos by asocialist government ( Mrs Aubry)
Exercice de traduction 1) Les employeacutes doivent faire des heures suppleacutementairesEmployees must do long hoursEmployees have to do long hours2) Il y a de nombreuses faccedilons de trouver du travailThere are a lot of ways to find work3) Lrsquoimmense augmentation des reacuteseaux sociaux permettent aux gens decommuniquer drsquoavantageThe huge increase of social networks enables people to communicate more4) Le travail suppleacutementaire entraicircne des problegravemes de santeacute pour les hommessurmeneacutes
bull Homebull Mail
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bull Games + Apps
bull More
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thornyuml
thornyuml
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I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i mDoing for Improve my english give me your best idea
Asked in Exams Education amp References at 1200 PM on October 09 2008
Tags english idea
This question is closedReport abuse
ntn jainProfile | QampA
Rate this 00
bull Latest Answers(4)
Sort by Latest | Oldest | Top-rated
English is best improved by practice and also by taking a small course to improve grammar and communication skillsThe key to practice is to read newspapers magazines and books almost regularly You can also start talking andexpressing yourself in English with your peers friends and (if possible) relatives
Writing in English is a good habit that will strengthen your expression skills as well In case you complete this all-round approach I am sure you will do well All the best
Answered by Idle Mind an ibibo Master at 409 PM on October 13 2008
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Idle MindProfile | QampA
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you can
Answered by Rachana an ibibo Citizen at 106 PM on October 11 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
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RachanaProfile | QampA
well ntn
its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming
future n ways ntn some tips from my side that will help yu improve yu ur english are
i Observe the mouth movements of those who speak English well and try to imitate them
When you are watching television observe the mouth movements of the speakers Repeat what they are saying whileimitating the intonation and rhythm of their speech
ii Until you learn the correct intonation and rhythm of English slow your speech down
If you speak too quickly and with the wrong intonation and rhythm native speakers will have a hard timeunderstanding you
Dont worry about your listener getting impatient with your slow speech -- it is more important that everything you say be understood
iii Listen to the music of English
Do not use the music of your native language when you speak English Each language has its own way of singing
iv Use the dictionary
Try and familiarise yourself with the phonetic symbols of your dictionary Look up the correct pronunciation of wordsthat are hard for you to say
v Make a list of frequently used words that you find difficult to pronounce and ask someone who speaks the languagewell to pronounce them for you
Record these words listen to them and practice saying them Listen and read at the same time
vi Buy books on tape
Record yourself reading some sections of the book Compare the sound of your English with that of the person readingthe book on the tape
vii Pronounce the ending of each word
Pay special attention to S and ED endings This will help you strengthen the mouth muscles that you use when youspeak English
viii Read aloud in English for 15-20 minutes every day
Research has shown it takes about three months of daily practice to develop strong mouth muscles for speaking a newlanguage
ix Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation mistakes
Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice and avoid listening to themselves speak However this is a veryimportant exercise because doing it will help you become conscious of the mistakes you are making
x Be patient
You can change the way you speak but it wont happen overnight People often expect instant results and give up toosoon You can change the way you sound if you are willing to put some effort into it
GOOD LUCK
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Answered by Anant-- an ibibo Master at 133 PM on October 09 2008
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Anant--Profile | QampA
BEST WAY ACCORDING TO ME IS READ DAILY ENGLISH NEWSPAPER IF U COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY ONE OXFORD DICTIONARY AND REFER MEANINGS AND IFU COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY MEANINGS CONVERSION OF ENGLISH TO UR MOTHER TONGUE THIS MAY TAKESOME TIME THERE WILL BE SOME IMPROVEMENT IN JUST 1 MONTH BETTER READ HINDU OR TIMES OF INDIAALL THE BEST
Answered by gyaneshwar an ibibo Citizen at 1258 PM on October 09 2008
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gyaneshwar Profile | QampA
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Meri english bahot hi weak haimain apni english kaise strong kar sakta hoonkis tarah fluentlyenglish bol sakta hoon
dearthe simple way to improve you english is to particehave you ever heard of the saying Parctise makes a man perfect so even when you you commit mistake try to learn from the mistake and rectify themand simple start askingquestion to people in Englishand if you want yo learn english donot fell embrace in the front of anyone and alsotry to read TIMES OF INDIAN
Posted in Self Development by naqeeb ahmar at 758 PM on March 17 2008Tags meri english bahot weak apni kaise strong sakta tarah fluently hoon
how to improve english plese tell me
to compose simple sentences in your mind when you are alone Stick on the idea you want to convey rather than thegrammar Speak to the native English speakers if possible Chatt with those in internet SearchI dont know the level of your english if you have basics the fun way of learning are english comics cartoon network in english or any english
movies comics will help you in speaking good english
Posted in Love amp Romance by Shiva Singh at 1015 PM on September 24 2008Tags improve english plese
How can i improve my Enlish speaking and writing both
their meanings and use them in your convesationListen to english newsFor writing read the books on letters essaysand storiesslowly you will get the idea of using english in your convenienceFinally findDear Ashok It is good you
thornyuml
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want to improve your English First and foremost thing you need is YOU All you need to do is give quality time notthe quantity Do make a conscious effort and smart work
Posted in Self Development by ashok sharma at 626 AM on October 14 2008Tags improve enlish writing
how to use GPRS in china made mob prince A960
here most of gprs settings for most of mobile service operator India to enter in your phone mannulay Here you havemanual gprs settings for vodafone hutch idea airtel bsnl airtel live airtel mobile you can enter in your phone andconfigure mannuallyManual Idea gprs Settings1 Account Name - ideaGPRS2 Username - leave Blank3 Password -leave Blank4 Homepage - httpwapideafreshcom5
Posted in Computers amp Technology by vivek soni at 145 AM on June 13 2008Tags gprs help china mad mob
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i m Doing for Improve my englishgive me your best idea
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the
pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you canwell ntn its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming future n ways ntn some tips from my sidethat will help yu improve yu ur english are i Observe
Posted in Exams Education amp References by ntn jain at 939 PM on October 13 2008Tags want improve english improve best
what is html
they want Text is what you will use English letters just like you use everyday Markup is what you will do You willwrite in plain English and then mark up what you wrote Language Some may argue that technically html is a code
but you write html in plain everyday English languageHi RockyHTML is the code behind your webpage and is whatyour browser looks for to display a webpage the way the webdesigner
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Rocky at 258 PM on May 07 2008Tags html
how I improve my english speech
and be confidentYOU CAN DOWNLOAD A LOT OF SOFTWARES FROM INTERNET IT REALLY HELPSAND ANOTHER IDEA IS TO WATCH ENGLISH CHANNELS LIKE METRO NATION NDTV GOOD TIMESAND DONT FORGET TO WATCH NDTV DISCUSSIONSget to c more english movie join times classes on english
they improvise a lotEnglish can be improved by reading booksnewspaper by discussionsThese are certain tips toimprove english
Posted in Counselling by sagar gawde at 803 PM on February 14 2008Tags improve english speech
What is the best way to enhance skills in English Which is most best website which can help tolearn English from basic to a very high class
will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin thinking in English Listening to Native Speakers as Much asPossible is the good idea to enhance your English language skills Here are someFirst of all be motivated become a
person who likes to learn English Using as many different sources methods and tools as possible will allow you tolearn faster There are many different ways
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Posted in Self Development by RAVINDRA at 644 PM on October 03 2008Tags best enhance skills website help learn english basic high
Who created the first mouse
to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThe first marketed integrated mouseshipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came from the resemblance of earlymodels which had a cord attached to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThefirst marketed integrated mouse shipped as a part
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Aryan Gusain at 212 PM on July 02 2008Tags created first mouse
Do you have any idea for FRANKLYN INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGE Its a spoken English Institutewhich gives Job Guarantee if anyone knows plz let me know
190A Maniktolla Main Road Kolkata-54 phone no 91-33-32401558 91-33-32428200 frankylnkkghotmailcomhi poonamur question gives an idea dat ur command on english is nt poor why u r lookingYou have heard rightFRANKLYN offers spoken english courses and there is also a lot of students pursuing courses there
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bull Quartary and quaternary Quartary (from Latin quartarius) is the fourthmember of an ordinal number word series beginning with (primary secondarytertiary) and continuing with (quintary sextary )[6] Quaternary (from Latinquaternarius) is the fourth member of a distributive number word series beginning with (singular binary ternary) and continuing with (quinary senary
septenary octonary centenary)[7][8]
In biology the non-standard usage Quaternary structure is so firmly entrenchedthat to refer to Quartary structure would be incorrect
bull redundant does not mean useless or unable to perform its function It meansthat there is an excess of something that something is surplus to requirementsand no longer needed or that it is obsolete
o Standard A new pill that will instantly cure any illness has made
antibiotics redundant (Antibiotics could still be used to cure illnesses butthey are no longer needed because a better pill has been invented)
o
Standard The week before Christmas the company made seventy-fiveworkers redundanto Non-standard Over-use of antibiotics risks making them redundant (This
should read over-use of antibiotics risks making them ineffective)
bull regimen and regiment A regimen is a system of order and may often refer to thesystematic dosing of medication A regiment is a military unit
o Standard The sick soldier was removed from his regiment
o Standard The sick soldier was ordered to complete a regimen of
amoxicillin
bull
reign and rein A reign refers to the rule of a monarch Reins are the straps usedto control the movements of an animal (typically a horse) Thus to take thereins means to assume control and to have free rein means to be free of constraints[9]
o Non-standard the Suns gave Sports Illustrateds Jack McCallum free
reign of practices[10] o Non-standard Bobby Jindal a whiz kid takes the reigns of Louisianas
Department of Health and Hospital[11]
[edit] S to T
bull sensual and sensuous Both words mean to do with the senses Sensual is moreoften applied to a pleasure or experience or to a persons character sensuous tosomeone or something of enticing appearance
o Standard Don Juan is the most sensual character in fiction
o Standard Ascetics believe in avoiding all sensual pleasures
o Standard Marilyn Monroe looks extremely sensuous in this film clip
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bull set and sit When used as a verb to set means to place or to adjust to a valuewhereas to sit means to be seated
o Standard Set the pot upon the stove
o Standard Set the temperature-control to 100 degC
o Non-standard Set down over there
o Non-standard Sit the pot on the stoveo Standard Sit on the chair
bull shrink and shirk To shirk means to consistently avoid to neglect to be tooafraid to engage To shrink means to contract to become physically smaller insize also to shrink away means to suddenly jerk away from something inhorror However to shrink from may also mean to hesitate or show reluctancetoward
o Standard I will not shirk discussion
o Standard I will not shrink from discussion
o Standard She shrank away from me
o Non-standard I will not shrink discussiono Non-standard I will not shirk from discussion
bull sight site and cite A sight is something seen a site is a place To cite is to quoteor list as a source
o Standard You are a sight for sore eyes
o Standard I found a list of the sights of Rome on a tourist site
o Standard Please cite the sources you used in your essay
o Standard You must travel to the site of the dig to see the dinosaur bones
o Standard It is necessary to have line-of-sight if you want to use
semaphore
o Non-standard One must be careful on a construction sighto Non-standard I will site the book in which I saw the statistics
o Non-standard I could not fire because I did not have line-of-site to the
target
bull temblor and trembler A temblor is an earthquake A trembler is something thattrembles
bull than and then Than is a grammatical particle and preposition associated withcomparatives whereas then is an adverb and a noun In certain dialects the twowords are usually homophones because they are function words with reduced
vowels and this may cause speakers to confuse themo Standard I like pizza more than lasagne
o Standard We ate dinner then went to the movies
o Non-standard You are a better person then I am
bull there their theyre and therere There refers to the location of somethingTheir means belonging to them Theyre is a contraction of They are Therere
is a contraction of there are[citation needed ]
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o Standard Therere five of them and theyre all coming to the restaurant for
their dinner we will meet them there
bull theres wheres etc A common spoken mistake is using a singular contractionwhen it should be plural in words like theres and wheres This stems from the
fact that therere and wherere are more difficult to enunciate and are oftenavoided for that reason in colloquial speecho Non-standard Wheres the cars (Should be Wherere)
o Non-standard Theres many types of cars (Should be Therere)
bull to too Too means in excess or also To is a preposition or is a part of a verbin the infinitive At the end of a sentence to may also refer to a dropped verb inthe infinitive
bull trimester A trimester is a period of three months[12][13] Because it is mostcommonly used in conjunction with a nine-month academic year [14] or a nine-
month term of human pregnancy[15]
it is sometimes wrongly assumed thattrimester is simply a synonym for one third[16][17] o Standard One calendar year contains four trimesters
o Non-standard Without further delay then comes ESPNcoms annual
(and overdue) First Trimester Report ushering folks back to the office bytaking stock of the seasons opening third[18]
[edit] U to Z
bull venal and venial These words are sometimes confused venal means corruptable to be bribed or for sale venial means pardonable not serious[2][19]
o Standard According to Catholic doctrine eating meat on a Friday is avenial sin but murder is a mortal sin
o Standard All ages have examples of venal politicians
bull warranty and warrantee A warranty is a legal assurance that some object can perform some specified task or meets certain quality standards A warrantee is the person who benefits from a warranty The verb form is warrant Confusion herecan stem from guarantee and the less common guaranty which have similar meanings
o Standard Most new cars come with at least a three-year warranty
o Standard I guarantee that you will make a return on your investment
o Non-standard Your mobile phone has stopped working Maybe you needto claim under the warrantee
bull whose and whos Whose is an interrogative word (Whose is this) or a relative pronoun (The people whose house you admired) whos is a contraction for whois or who has
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bull wont and wont Wont is a contraction for will not while wont is a wordmeaning accustomed or inclined to (as an adjective) or habit or custom (as anoun)
o Standard He wont let me drive his car
o Standard He spent the morning reading as he was wont to do
o Standard He took a walk in the evening as was his wonto Non-standard I wont need to go to the supermarket after all
bull youre and your While they sound the same in many dialects in standard writtenEnglish they have separate meanings Youre is a contraction for you are and your is a possessive pronoun meaning belonging to you When in doubt just seewhether the word in question can logically be expanded to you are
o Standard When driving always wear your seatbelt
o Standard If youre going out please be home by ten oclock
o Non-standard Youre mother called this morning
o Non-standard Your the first person to notice my new haircut today
bull aggravate ndash Some prescriptivists have argued that this word should not be used inthe sense of to annoy or to oppress but only to mean to make worseHowever this proscription against to annoy is not rooted in history Accordingto AHDI the annoy usage occurs in English as far back as the 17th centuryfurthermore in Latin from which the word was borrowed both meanings wereused[1] Sixty-eight percent of AHD4s Usage Panel approves of its use in Its theendless wait for luggage that aggravates me the most about air travel [2] M-Wmentions that while aggravate in the sense of to rouse to displeasure or anger byusually persistent and often petty goading has been around since the 17thcentury disapproval of that usage only appeared around 1870[3] RH states in its
usage note under aggravate that The two most common senses of aggravate areto make worse and to annoy or exasperate Both senses first appeared in theearly 17th century at almost the same time the corresponding two senses of thenoun aggravation also appeared then Both senses of aggravate and aggravation
have been standard since then[4] Chambers cites this usage as colloquial andthat it is well established especially in spoken English although it is sometimesregarded as incorrect[5]
o Disputed usage Its the endless wait for luggage that aggravates me the
most about air travelo Undisputed usage Being hit on the head by a falling brick aggravated my
already painful headache
bull aint ndash originally a contraction of am not this word is widely used as areplacement for arent isnt havent and hasnt as well While aint hasexisted in the English language for a very long time and it is a common normalword in many dialects in both North America and the British Isles it is not a partof standard English and its use in formal writing is not recommended by mostusage commentators Its unselfconscious use in speech may tend to mark thespeaker as uneducated Nevertheless aint is used by educated speakers and
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writers for deliberate effect what Oxford American Dictionary describes astongue-in-cheek or reverse snobbery and what Merriam-Webster Collegiate
calls emphatic effect or a consistently informal style[6]
bull alibi ndash Some prescriptivists argue this cannot be used in the non-legal sense of
an explanation or excuse to avoid blame or justify action AHD4 notes that thisusage was acceptable to almost half[7] of the Usage Panel while most opposedthe words use as a verb M-W mentions no usage problems listing the disputedmeaning second to its legal sense without comment OED cites the non-legal nounand verb usages as colloquial and orig[inally] US[8] Chambers deems this usecolloquial[9]
bull alright ndash An alternate to all right that some consider illiterate but others allowRH says that it probably arose in analogy with other similar words such asaltogether and already it does concede the use in writing as informal and thatall right is used in more formal edited writing[10] AHD4 flags alright as
nonstandard
[11]
and comments that this unacceptance (compared to altogether etc) is peculiar and may be due to its relative recentness (altogether andalready date back to the Middle Ages alright only a little over a century)[12]
Chambers refers to varying levels of formality of all right deeming alright to bemore casual it recommends the use of all right in writing for readers who are precise about the use of language[13]
bull also ndash Some prescriptivists contend this word should not be used to begin asentence AHD4 says 63 percent of the Usage Panel found acceptable theexample The warranty covers all power-train components Also participating dealers back their work with a free lifetime service guarantee[14] See also and amp
but below
bull alternate ndash In British English this adjective means according to OED and other sources switching between two options or similar It does not mean the same asalternative (see next) which OED specifically marks as an American meaning of alternate In international English it is thus thought better to observe the Britishdistinction then the meanings of alternative and alternate will be clear toeveryone (See meanings given at M-W the same applies to the adverbsalternately and alternatively)
bull alternative ndash Some prescriptivists argue that alternative should be used onlywhen the number of choices involved is exactly two While AHD4 allows thewords longstanding use to mean one of a number of things from which only onecan be chosen and the acceptance of this usage by many language critics it goeson to state that only 49 of its Usage panel approves of its use as in Of the threealternatives the first is the least distasteful[15] Neither M-W[16] nor RH[17]
mentions any such restriction to a choice of two Chambers qualifies its definitionas referring to strictly speaking two but often used of more than two possibilities[18]
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bull ampm ndash These are Latin abbreviations for the adverbial phrases antemeridiem (before noon) and post meridiem (after noon) Some prescriptivistsargue that they thus should not be used in English as nouns meaning morningand afternoon however such use is consistent with ordinary nominalizationfeatures of English AHD4 lists adjectival usage with an AM appointment [19]
and a PM appointment[20]
RH gives Shall we meet Saturday am[19]
withoutcomment it gives no corresponding example at pm so that usage can only beextrapolated Also the National Institute of Standards and Technology (nd)contends it is incorrect to use 12 am or 12 pm to mean either noon or midnight
bull amongamongst and between ndash The traditionalist view is that between shouldonly be used when there are only two objects for comparison and among or amongst should be used for more than two objects Most style guides anddictionaries do not support this advice saying that between can be used to refer tosomething that is in the time space or interval that separates more than two itemsM-W says that the idea that between can be used only of two items is persistent
but unfounded
[21]
and AHD4 calls it a widely repeated but unjustified tradition[22] The OED says In all senses between has been from its earliest appearanceextended to more than two[23] Chambers says It is acceptable to use between
with reference to more than two people or things although does state that among
may be more appropriate in some circumstances[24] o Undisputed usage I parked my car between the two telegraph poles
o Undisputed usage Youll find my brain between my ears
o Disputed usage The duck swam between the reeds
o Disputed usage They searched the area between the river the farmhouse
and the woodso Undisputed usage We shared the money evenly amongst the three of us
o
Disputed usage We shared the money between Tom Dick and meo Undisputed usage My house was built among the gum trees
bull amount ndash Some prescriptivists argue amount should not be substituted for number They recommend the use of number if the thing referred to is countableand amount only if it is uncountable While RH acknowledges the traditionaldistinction between amount and number it mentions that [a]lthough objected tothe use of amount instead of number with countable nouns occurs in both speechand writing especially when the noun can be considered as a unit or group (theamount of people present the amount of weapons) or when it refers to money(the amount of dollars paid the amount of pennies in the till)[25] (see also less)
o
Disputed usage I was amazed by the amount of people who visited mywebsite (With knowledge of the exact number)o Undisputed usage The number of people in the lift must not exceed 10
o Undisputed usage I was unimpressed by the amount of water consumed
by the elephant
bull and ndash Some prescriptivists argue that sentences should not begin with the wordand on the argument that as a conjunction it should only join clauses within a
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sentence AHD4 states that this stricture has been ridiculed by grammarians for decades and ignored by writers from Shakespeare to Joyce Carol Oates[26] RHstates Both and and but and to a lesser extent or and so are common astransitional words at the beginnings of sentences in all types of speech andwriting it goes on to suggest that opposition to this usage probably stems from
the overuse of such sentences by inexperienced writers[27]
ENCARTA opinesthat said opposition comes from too literal an understanding of the joiningfunction of conjunctions and states that any overuse is a matter of poor style notgrammatical correctness[28] COED calls the usage quite acceptable[29] Manyverses of the King James Bible begin with and as does William Blakes poem And did those feet in ancient time (aka Jerusalem) Fowlers Modern EnglishUsage defends this use of and Chambers states that Although it is sometimesregarded as poor style it is not ungrammatical to begin a sentence with and [30]
See also also above and but below
bull anxious ndash Some prescriptivists argue that this word should only be used in the
sense of worried or worrisome (compare anxiety) but it has been used inthe sense of eager for over 250 years 52 of AHD4s Usage Panel accepts itsuse in the sentence We are anxious to see the new show of contemporarysculpture at the museum Also it suggests that the use of anxious to mean eager
may be mild hyperbole as the use of dying in the sentence Im dying to see your new baby[31] RH states bluntly that its use in the sense of eageris fullystandard[32] M-W defines anxious as 3 ardently or earnestly wishing ltanxiousto learn moregt synonym see EAGER[33] Chambers gives 3 very eager bullanxious to do well[34]
[edit] B
bull barbaric and barbarous mdash Barbaric applies to the culture of barbarians and may be positive (barbaric splendor) barbarous applies to the behavior of barbariansand is negative (barbarous cruelty) This is standard English usage HoweverM-W equates the third meaning of barbaric with the third of barbarous thatis mercilessly harsh or cruel[35] COD11 and Chambers list savagely cruel andcruel and brutal excessively harsh or vicious[36] respectively as the first
meanings for barbaric Only AHD4 disallows this usage and without comment[37]
o Undisputed The environment of the venue was barbaric
o Undisputed Terrorism is barbarous
o Disputed Capital punishment is a disgusting barbaric measure
bull begging the question In logic begging the question is another term for petitio
principii or arguing in a circle in other words making assumptions in advanceabout the very issue in dispute Now often used to mean simply leading to thequestion
o Undisputed You argue that Christianity must be true because the Bible
says so Isnt that begging the question
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o Disputed You want to go to the theatre That begs the question which day
we should go
bull but ndash Some prescriptivists argue that if and should not be used to begin sentencesthen neither should but These words are both conjunctions thus they believe that
they should be used only to link clauses within a sentence AHD4 states that itmay be used to begin a sentence at all levels of style [38]
[edit] C
bull can and may ndash Some prescriptivists argue that can refers to possibility and may
refers to permission and insist on maintaining this distinction although usage of can to refer to permission is pervasive in spoken and very frequent in writtenEnglish M-W notes Can and may are most frequently interchangeable in sensesdenoting possibility because the possibility of ones doing something may (or can) depend on anothers acquiescence they have also become interchangeable in
the sense denoting permission The use of can to ask or grant permission has beencommon since the 19th century and is well established although somecommentators feel may is more appropriate in formal contexts May is relativelyrare in negative constructions (maynt is not common) cannot and cant are usualin such contexts[39] AHD4 echoes this sentiment of formality noting that only21 of the Usage Panel accepted can in the example Can I take another week tosubmit the application[40] For its part OED labels the use of can for may ascolloquial[41]
bull comprise ndash Comprise means to consist of A second meaning to compose or constitute is sometimes attacked by usage writers However it is supported as
sense 3 along with a usage note in M-W[42] and although AHD4 notes the usageas a usage problem its usage note says Our surveys show that opposition tothis usage is abating In the 1960s 53 percent of the Usage Panel found this usageunacceptable in 1996 only 35 percent objected[43]
o Undisputed usage The English Wikipedia comprises more than two
million articleso Disputed usage The English Wikipedia comprises of more than two
million articleso Disputed usage The English Wikipedia is comprised of more than two
million articleso Disputed usage More than two million articles comprise the English
Wikipediao Disputed usage Diatoms comprise more than 70 of all phytoplankton
o Undisputed usage Diatoms constitute more than 70 of all
phytoplanktono Disputed usage Those in the industry have mostly scoffed at the young
inexperienced Carter and the rest of the high school pals that comprise thecompany[44]
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Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] D
bull deprecate ndash The original meaning in English is deplore or express disapproval
of (the Latin from which the word derives means pray to avert evil suggestingthat some event would be a calamity) The word is now also used to mean playdown belittle or devalue a shift that some prescriptivists disapprove of as itsuggests the word is being confused with the similar word depreciate in factAHD4 states that in this sense deprecate has almost completely supplanteddepreciate however a majority of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved thissense[45] Its use with the approximate meaning to declare obsolete in computer jargon is also sometimes condemned
bull diagnose ndash Cochrane (2004) states that to diagnose [someone] with a disease isan incorrect usage of the verb diagnose which takes the physician as subject and
a disease as object (eg to diagnose cancer) In American English according toAHD4[46] and M-W[47] the sense of diagnose [someone] with a disease is listedwithout comment or tag however for its part RH does not list such a usage withor without comment For British English COD11 offers identify the medicalcondition of (someone) she was diagnosed as having epilepsy (2004) this usagehowever did not appear in editions as recently as the 1990s Chambers does notoffer this sense at all[48]
o Disputed usage Mr Smith was diagnosed with diabetes
o Undisputed usage The doctor diagnosed diabetes
bull different ndash Standard usage in both Britain and America is different from (on the
analogy of to differ from) In Britain this competes with different to (coinedon the analogy of similar to) In America it competes with different than(coined on the analogy of other than) Different to is also found in IrishAustralian and New Zealand English
o Undisputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different
from the Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different to the
Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different than
the British
bull disinterested ndash Standard usage is as a word for unbiased but some have alsorendered it synonymous with uninterested or apathetic
o Undisputed usage As their mutual best friend I tried to remain
disinterested in their argument so as not to anger eithero Disputed usage The key to attracting a member of the opposite sex is to
balance between giving attention to him or her and appearingdisinterested
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bull due to ndash The adjectival use of due to is undisputed Its adverbial use howeverhas been a subject of dispute for many years as witnessed by several (especiallyUS) dictionary usage notes that in the end designate it as standard WilliamStrunk in his Elements of style labelled the disputed adverbial use of due to asincorrect [49] Although the first (1926) edition of FOWLER condemned the
adverbial use as common only among the illiterate the third (1996) editionsaid Opinion remains sharply divided but it begins to look as if this use of due
to will form part of the natural language of the 21C as one more example of aforgotten battle Due to is frequently used in place of from for with of because
of and other prepositions Undisputed synonyms for due to are caused by andattributable to
o Disputed usage He died due to cancer (He died of cancer)
o Disputed usage Due to the end of the Second War circumstances altered
profoundly (With the end of the Second War circumstances altered profoundly)
o Disputed usage The project failed due to lack of funds (The project
failed for lack of funds) o Undisputed usage His death was due to cancer
o Undisputed usage Many thought the problem was due to mismanagement
[edit] E
bull enormity ndash Frequently used as a synonym for enormousness or immensity but traditionally means extreme wickedness According to AHD4 thisdistinction has not always occurred historically but is now supported by 59 of the dictionarys Usage Panel[50] COD11 states that enormity as a synonym for hugeness is now broadly accepted as standard English Although Chambers lists
immenseness or vastness as a meaning it says it should not be used in thatsense commenting that it is encountered often because the word enormousness isawkward it recommends using instead another word such as hugeness greatness etc[51]
o Disputed usage The enormity of the elephant astounded me
o Traditional usage The enormity of Stalins purges astounds me
[edit] F
bull farther and further ndash Many prescriptivists adhere to the rule that farther only
should refer to matters of physical distance or position while further should bereserved for usages involving time or degree (as well as undisputed descriptionsof moreover and in addition)
o Disputed usage San Jose is further from LA than Santa Barbara
o Disputed usage LA was a couple hours farther from home than I
expectedo Disputed usage If her fever increases any farther I will call the doctor
o Undisputed usage I would like to discuss the issue further at a later time
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bull fortuitously ndash Used by some interchangeably with fortunately strictly speaking fortuitousness is a reference to an occurrence depending on chance M-W notesthat use of the word in sense of fortunate has been in standard use for at least 70years and notes that the sense of coming or happening by a lucky chance isvirtually unnoticed by usage critics[52][clarification needed ]
[edit] G
bull gender ndash Gender is often used interchangeably with sex in the sense of the biological or social quality male and female It is never used to refer to sexualintercourse
o Gender traditionally refers to grammatical gender a feature in the
grammar of a number of different languages Some prescriptivists arguethat its use as a euphemism for sex is to be avoided as a genteelismFowler (p 211) says it is used either as a jocularityor a blunder
o Sex and gender can be used in different but related senses with sex
referring to biological characteristics and gender to social roles andexpectations based on sex Use of gender as interchangeable with or as areplacement for sex may confuse readers who draw this distinction See
gender identity gender role
[edit] H
bull hoi polloi ndash The question surrounding hoi polloi is whether it is appropriate to usethe article the preceding the phrase it arises because hoi is the Greek word for the in the phrase and classical purists complain that adding the makes the phrase
redundant the the common people Foreign phrases borrowed into English areoften reanalyzed as single grammatical units requiring an English article inappropriate contexts AHD4 says The Arabic element al- means the andappears in English nouns such as alcohol and alchemy Thus since no one wouldconsider a phrase such as the alcohol to be redundant criticizing the hoi polloi onsimilar grounds seems pedantic[53]
bull hopefully ndash Some prescriptivists argue this word should not be used as anexpression of confidence in an outcome however M-W classes hopefully withother words such as interestingly frankly and unfortunately (which areunremarkably used in a similar way) as disjuncts and describes this usage as
entirely standard
[54]
AHD4 however notes that opposition to this usage by their usage panels has grown from 56 to 73 despite support for similar disjuncts(such as 60 support for the use of mercifully in Mercifully the game ended before the opponents could add another touchdown to the lopsided score) AHD4opines that this opposition is not to the use of these adverbs in general but thatthis use of hopefully has become a shibboleth[55] OED lists this usage withoutany colloquial or other label other than to say Avoided by many writers[56]
See also the discussion of hopefully as a dangling modifier One investigation in
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modern corpora on Language Log revealed that outside fiction where it stillrepresents 40 of all uses (the other qualifying primarily speech and gazes)disjunct uses account for the vast majority (over 90) of all uses of the word[57]
o Disputed usage Hopefully Ill get that scholarship
o Undisputed usage The prisoner thought hopefully about the prospect for
escape when he realized the guards accidentally left his cell unlocked
Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] L
bull less ndash Some prescriptivists argue that less should not be substituted for fewer Merriam-Webster notes The traditional view is that less applies to matters of degree value or amount and modifies collective nouns mass nouns or nounsdenoting an abstract whole while fewer applies to matters of number and modifies plural nouns Less has been used to modify plural nouns since the days of King
Alfred and the usage though roundly decried appears to be increasing Less ismore likely than fewer to modify plural nouns when distances sums of moneyand a few fixed phrases are involved ltless than 100 milesgt ltan investment of less
than $2000gt ltin 25 words or lessgt and as likely as fewer to modify periods of time ltin less (or fewer ) than four hoursgt[58]
o Disputed usage This lane 12 items or less
o Undisputed usage We had fewer players on the team this season
o Undisputed usage There is less water in the tank now
bull like and as ndash Some prescriptivists object to the use of like as a conjunction statingit is rather a preposition and that only as would be appropriate in this
circumstance M-W however cites likes use as a conjunction as standard sincethe 14th century and opines that opposition to it is perhaps more heated thanrational (see M-Ws entry like [7 conjunction]) AHD4 says Writers sinceChaucers time have used like as a conjunction but 19th-century and 20th-centurycritics have been so vehement in their condemnations of this usage that a writer who uses the construction in formal style risks being accused of illiteracy or worse and recommends using as in formal speech and writing[59] OED does nottag it as colloquial or nonstandard but notes Used as conj[unction] = like asas Now generally condemned as vulgar or slovenly though examples may befound in many recent writers of standing[60] Chambers lists the conjunctive useas colloquial[61]
o Undisputed usage He is an American as am Io Undisputed usage He is an American like me
o Undisputed usage It looks as if this play will be a flop
o Undisputed usage This play looks like a flop
o Disputed usage He is an American like I am
o Disputed usage It looks like this play will be a flop
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull literally ndash Some prescriptivists argue literally should not be used as a mereemphatic unless the thing to which it refers is actually true It is used todisambiguate a possible metaphorical interpretation of a phrase M-W does notcondemn the second use which means in effect or virtually but says the useis pure hyperbole intended to gain emphasis but it often appears in contexts
where no additional emphasis is necessary[62]
o Disputed usage The party literally went with a bang (No it did not
unless there was an actual loud noise)o Undisputed usage I literally ran more than 25 miles today I ran a
marathon
bull loan ndash The use of loan as a verb meaning to give out a loan is disputed withlend being preferred for the verb form AHD4 flatly states [t]he verb loan is wellestablished in American usage and cannot be considered incorrect[63] M-W statesloan is entirely standard as a verb[64] RH says Sometimes mistakenlyidentified as an Americanism loan as a verb meaning to lend has been used in
English for nearly 800 years it further states that objections to this use arecomparatively recent[65] Chambers defines the verb loan as to lend (especiallymoney)[66] OED merely states Now chiefly US[67] and COD11 includes themeaning without tag or comment
o Undisputed usage I lent him some money
o Undisputed usage Fill out the paperwork for a loan
o Disputed usage I loaned him some money
[edit] M
bull may and might ndash May should only be used where the event in question is still
possible not for something that was possible in the past or for a hypothetical present possibility Might is properly the past tense form of may (In similar fashion could should and would are all past tense forms for can shalland will respectively)
o Undisputed usage My brother may have gone to China last week
( perhaps he did )o Disputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother may have gone
to China last week (but he didnt )o Undisputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother might have
gone to China last weeko Disputed usage He thought it may be true (but it wasnt )
o Undisputed usage He thought it might be true
bull meet ndash Some prescriptivists state that as a transitive verb in the context to cometogether by chance or arrangement meet (as in meet (someone)) does not requirea preposition between verb and object the phrase meet with (someone) is deemedincorrect Chambers flags this usage US[68] RH allows it in the sense of to joinas for conference or instruction I met with her an hour a day until we solved the problem[69] On the other hand none of M-W AHD4 or COD11 entertains this
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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usage NOTE In the sense of fulfilling prerequisites or criteria (We met with theentry requirements) or that of encountering (Our suggestions may meet with
opposition the soldiers met with machine-gun fire) the verb phrase meet with isnot in dispute
o Disputed usage I will meet with you tonight
o
Undisputed usage I will meet you tonight
bull momentarily ndash Traditionally momentarily means for a moment but its use tomean in a moment is sometimes disputed M-W[70] and RH[71] give this latter usage a standard entry without comment while OED[72] and Chambers[73] tag itNAmer AHD4 has a usage note indicating that 59 of their Usage Paneldeems this usage unacceptable[74]
o Disputed usage Your feature presentation will begin momentarily
o Undisputed usage The flash from the atom bomb momentarily lit up the
night sky
[edit] N
bull nauseous ndash Traditionally nauseous means causing nausea (synonymous withnauseating) it is commonly used now as a synonym for queasy that ishaving the feeling of nausea AHD4 notes the traditional view stating that 72 of the Usage Panel preferred nauseated over nauseous to mean affected withnausea however 88 of that same panel preferred nauseating to nauseous tomean causing nausea in other words a maximum of only 28 prefersnauseous in either case It also states that in common usage nauseous issynonymous with nauseated but deems this usage incorrect[75] M-W howeverasserts that [t]hose who insist that nauseous is an error for nauseated are
mistaken[76] Both M-W and AHD4 accept that nauseous is supplantingnauseated for feeling nausea and in turn being replaced by nauseating for causing nausea in general usage they only differ on the correctness of thechange RH states The two literal senses of nauseous [] appear in English atalmost the same time in the early 17th century and both senses are in standard useat the present time Nauseous is more common than nauseated in the senseaffected with nausea despite recent objections by those who imagine the sense to be new[77] CHAMBERS lists the sense of causing nausea first and affected withnausea second[78] while COD11 gives the affliction first and causation second both dictionaries list the entries without comment OED goes further tagging itsnauseated usage as Orig[inally] US but demoted its nauseating usage to
literary OED also notes that the original (now obsolete) sense of the word inEnglish was inclined to sickness or nausea squeamish[79] Curiously this oldestseventeenth-century meaning (inclined to nausea) while distinct from thedisputed twentieth-century usage (afflicted by nausea) more closely resemblesthe latter than it does the prescribed meaning (causing nausea)
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseous
o Disputed usage That smell is making me nauseous
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseating
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 2941
future tense (The supervisor will be back presently)[80] M-W mentions the samevintage for the sense of now and that it is not clear why it is objectionable[81]
AHD4 states that despite its use nowadays in literate speech and writing thatthere is still lingering prejudice against this use In the late 1980s only 50 of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved of the sentence General Walters is hellip
presently the United States Ambassador to the United Nations[82]
COD11 lists both usages without comment CHAMBERS merely flags the sense of now asN Amer especially US[83]
o Disputed usage I am presently reading Wikipedia
o Undisputed usage I will be finished with that activity presently
[edit] R
bull refute ndash The traditional meaning of refute is disprove or dispel with reasoned
arguments It is now often used as a synonym for deny The latter sense islisted without comment by M-W[84] and AHD4[85] while CHAMBERS tags it ascolloquial[86] COD11 states that Traditionalists object to [the use of refute asdeny] but it is now widely accepted in standard English However RH does notmention this use at all[87]
bull relatively ndash Literally meaning compared to some now use relatively to meanmoderately or somewhat AHD4 does not list this usage at all [88] M-W hasapparently blended the two usages in one[89]
o Disputed usage That man was relatively annoying
o Undisputed usage Though relatively harmless when compared to
dimethylmercury mercury (II) oxide is still quite toxic
[edit] S
bull Scotch Scots and Scottish ndash Formerly English people used Scotch whereScottish people used Scottish The current convention is as follows
o Scottish for people
o Scotch for things (especially whisky)
o Scots for institutions (Scots law Scots language)
bull
seek ndash This means look for but is used to mean try or want This usage iscriticised by Fowler in the entry Formal Words
o Disputed usage we did seek to resolve the Iraq crisis by peaceful
means those who seek to emulate his legacy of murder the Liberalsseek to undermine that future[attribution needed ]
o Undisputed usage Seek and ye shall find
[edit] T
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3041
bull than mdash Than is the subject of a longstanding dispute as to its status as a preposition or conjunction see than For the disputed construction different thansee Different
bull they mdash Prescriptivists regard this as a plural pronoun that uses a third person
plural verb conjugation (see below they show) but the word is now commonlyused especially in speech and informal writing as a non-gender-specific third- person singular pronoun (which modern English otherwise lacks) Alternativesinclude he or she and generic he Some writers argue that generic he isgeneric (as the name implies) and thus includes both sexes Others find it sexist or too old-fashioned The pronouns you or one can be used in some sentences
o Disputed usage A person is rude if they show no respect for their hosts
o Undisputed usage One is rude if one shows no respect for ones hosts
o Undisputed usage It is rude not to show respect for hosts
o Undisputed usage Many people have told me that they are satisfied with
their food
bull thusly mdash Thusly (AHD4 suggests) was originally coined by educated writers tomake fun of uneducated persons trying to sound genteel[90] Thusly howeverdiffused into popular usage Some people accept it as an adverb in its own rightwhile others believe thus should be used in all cases The word thusly appearswith no associated usage notes in M-W[91] COD11 tags it as informal with theentry thus tagged as literary or formal CHAMBERS does not list the word atall and it is unknown in British usage[92]
[edit] U
bull unique ndash Some prescriptivists argue that unique only means sole or unequaled (British spelling unequalled) but most dictionaries give a thirdmeaning unusual which can be qualified by very or somewhat as in Thetheme of the party was somewhat unique see comparison Almost unique isuniversally acceptable[citation needed ]
[edit] W
bull
whilst and while mdash Penguin Working Words recommends while only and notesthat whilst is old-fashioned Cambridge Guide to English Usage and M-WsWebsters Guide to English Usage comment on its regional character and notethat it is rare in American usage It is thus safer to use only while in internationalEnglish (See the article While for further sources deprecating the use of whilst and cautioning about uses of while)
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3141
bull who mdash Some prescriptivists argue that who should be used only as a subject pronoun the corresponding object pronoun being whom Strictly speakingusing who instead of whom is substituting a subjective pronoun for an objective pronoun and hence is the same as using she instead of her (eg I talked to she
today) Most people never use whom in spoken English and instead use who for
all cases Those who use whom in everyday speech may recognize substitution of who as substandard FOWLER has an extensive entry on who and whom
including several quotes from major publications where whom is used incorrectlyo Undisputed usage You are talking to whom
o Disputed usage You are talking to who
o Undisputed usage To whom are you talking
o Disputed usage To who are you talking
o Disputed usage far more hostile to Diana whom she believes betrayed
the Prince of WalesmdashIndependent Mag 1993 (FOWLER)o Undisputed usage far more hostile to Diana who she believes betrayed
the Prince of Wales
o Disputed usage Whom do men say that I am (Mark 927 King JamesVersion)
bull whoever mdash This extension of who (see above) along with its object formwhomever is attended by the same uncertainties as who along with whom and isdiscussed in the same sources (See the relevant section at Who)
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever wants it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever you think should have it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whomever you choose to give it
o Disputed usage Give it to whoever you choose to give it to
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever wants it
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever you think should have it
Module - Pair work - Asking questions to yourpartner
Hey
with Group 2 we first talked a little about food at the beginning of the class as awarm up And here is what we said
to be written by Franc
Then today was the first day that we worked in pairs You had to find informationabout superhero characters asking questions to your partner
Here are the two worksheets if you still need to complete them
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW you need to be able to speak about the picture of a super hero + speak about
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3241
their story + give the common points between all the super heroes presented Yourpresentation will last about 3 to 5 minutes You can send me some drafts (brouillon)if neededBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - Tale LV2
Southern Trees - beginning of the study
Hey
today we first warmed up about your future jobs while waiting for those who werelate Here is what you said
I would like to become an architect when I leave highschool (Selma)I want to study law to be a lawyer maybe ( Jeacuterocircme)
Structures WANT TO WOULD LIKE TO -- Attention aux noms de meacutetiers quisont preacuteceacutedeacutes de larticle aan
Then we did a quick recap about what Jim Crow laws used to be Here is what wesaid
bull Jim Crow Laws
These were laws about racial segregation until the end of the 1960sBlacks were not allowed to go to school with Whites
Blacks were not allowed to attend school with WhitesBlacks were forbidden to live together there were separate water
fountains rest rooms or entrances at restaurantsThey were prohibited to sit at the front of a bus
bull KKK(1865-)
white Protestantssupremacy of the white race
white costumesterrorism and violence to oppress Blacks
Finally we listened to the text and we started our general comprehesion by
highlighting the important information about the type of document the places thetime Here is what we wrote
bull Text Southern Trees
- type of doc extract from the autobiographic novel of Billie Holliday- who Billie Holliday Lewis Allen piano player of Billie Pop audience bitch
- where in New-York at Cafe Society on 52nd Street Miami Los Angeles
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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- when published in 1956
HW you need to finish answering the usual wh- questions about the text (inparticular about the feelings of the characters involved) You also need to divide thetext into 2 parts give them a title and justify your titles
NB you will have a vocabulary test next week with the words from the lesson andthe words from the tool box p 53 You may also have a test about the text andabout racial discrimination in the US on Wednesday It will depend on how far we areinto the study of the document Southern TreesBy English Prof
Enter comment - View comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Spiderman - Page 3
This morning with the whole class we first warmed up with why I was a little late inclass Here is what we wrote
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
Then we studied the last page from Spiderman
There was a secretary for each person that spoke about a panel Here are the notesthat we took while they were speaking
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
HW you will be able to speak about the document at the beginning of the class in arow (dun seul trait )You can download the last page here
By English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Oral tests about picture presentation + Lastsuperhero activity in pair work
Hey
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today in module I asked you to speak about the picture p 152 that you had tocomment You need to improve your analysis Ill be asking other students next timeagain
Here is an example of presentation Its not perfect but its a rather good one
The document is a picture where there are two parts In the first part wecan see a white family at the bottom who is sitting in a garden They looksurprised and they are looking at the second family who feels happy and
impressed Contrary to the white family they are standing and clad with
their traditional dress Its a black family
To me the scene takes place in the USA and the goal of this picture is todenounce discrimination which treats people differently in society
The photographer aims at criticizing segregation In this photo theseparation is represented by the fence which is separating Africans from
Americans Segregation in the 20th century in America was when the Blacksand the Whites couldnt blend
To my mind this picture is a good representation of discrimination MartinLuther King and Rosa Park are the symbols of this conflict When I see somepeople wanted to change society and make people aware of these
inequalities through paintings photos speeches or parades Im grateful tothem
The picture attains its objective I like this photo because it denounces very
well the implicit problems of American society in the 20th century(by Rochella D)
Group 2 then we started a new activity about grammar on how to differentiatebetween Present Simple and Present Be + ing
You may download the documents hereyet to be uploaded
Group 1 Then we started a new activity that was initially designed by MissFernandes a colleague in the academy of Caen We first described the pictures of the superheroes
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW You need to finish the description of each picture and prepare the questions toask to your partner about the missing elements in your worksheetBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareMonday 16 november 2009
- Posted in For Fun
The Prisoner - New Series - Trailer
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3541
A new American series that you will probably LOVE Here is the trailer Looks andsounds fantastic
Exprimer le conseil en anglais
Today after taking a test on Body beauty and body parts (phonetics included) wespoke about superstitions on Friday the 13th And we discovered that Jonathansgrand-ma was extremely supersticious and that some of you believed in supernaturalthings too like Juliette who thinks her mother can read her mind or Camille RL whois sure what she says sometimes comes true Beware of the other Camille T whohas got a black cat She is certainly a witch and she may transform us all intopiglets Just kidding of course )
Here is what we said about superstitions
Today is a special day
On Friday the 13th people who are superstitious believe something terribly
bad or something awesome will happen to them
Examples of supertisions- you shouldnt be 13 around a table
- you shouldnt walk under a ladder- you shouldnt meet a black cat
- you shouldnt break a mirror- you shouldnt celebrate a birthday before
- you should wear a rabbit leg- you shouldnt walk on a line in the street
- you shouldnt cross your legs- you should touch wood when you say something bad
- you shouldnt put hats or shoes on a bed- you shouldnt open your umbrella inside
- you shouldnt put the bread upside down
Remember to express advice there are 3 very simple structures
bull should shouldnt + V
bull had better had better not + V bull ought to ought not to + V
Chocircmage unemployment
Embaucher to hire
bull by + V+ ing au moyen de en + V+ ingbull to + V pour + V (le but)
leisure loisirshigh ndash loweacuteleveacute ndash bas
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ecirctre oblige de to have to + Vto lead to entraicircnerhuge immense= The work-week la semaine de travailIn France the 35 hours-work week was decided and implemented in the 1990rsquos by asocialist government ( Mrs Aubry)
Exercice de traduction 1) Les employeacutes doivent faire des heures suppleacutementairesEmployees must do long hoursEmployees have to do long hours2) Il y a de nombreuses faccedilons de trouver du travailThere are a lot of ways to find work3) Lrsquoimmense augmentation des reacuteseaux sociaux permettent aux gens decommuniquer drsquoavantageThe huge increase of social networks enables people to communicate more4) Le travail suppleacutementaire entraicircne des problegravemes de santeacute pour les hommessurmeneacutes
bull Homebull Mail
bull Photos
bull Music
bull Games + Apps
bull More
o SMS Groups
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thornyuml
thornyuml
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I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i mDoing for Improve my english give me your best idea
Asked in Exams Education amp References at 1200 PM on October 09 2008
Tags english idea
This question is closedReport abuse
ntn jainProfile | QampA
Rate this 00
bull Latest Answers(4)
Sort by Latest | Oldest | Top-rated
English is best improved by practice and also by taking a small course to improve grammar and communication skillsThe key to practice is to read newspapers magazines and books almost regularly You can also start talking andexpressing yourself in English with your peers friends and (if possible) relatives
Writing in English is a good habit that will strengthen your expression skills as well In case you complete this all-round approach I am sure you will do well All the best
Answered by Idle Mind an ibibo Master at 409 PM on October 13 2008
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Idle MindProfile | QampA
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you can
Answered by Rachana an ibibo Citizen at 106 PM on October 11 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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RachanaProfile | QampA
well ntn
its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming
future n ways ntn some tips from my side that will help yu improve yu ur english are
i Observe the mouth movements of those who speak English well and try to imitate them
When you are watching television observe the mouth movements of the speakers Repeat what they are saying whileimitating the intonation and rhythm of their speech
ii Until you learn the correct intonation and rhythm of English slow your speech down
If you speak too quickly and with the wrong intonation and rhythm native speakers will have a hard timeunderstanding you
Dont worry about your listener getting impatient with your slow speech -- it is more important that everything you say be understood
iii Listen to the music of English
Do not use the music of your native language when you speak English Each language has its own way of singing
iv Use the dictionary
Try and familiarise yourself with the phonetic symbols of your dictionary Look up the correct pronunciation of wordsthat are hard for you to say
v Make a list of frequently used words that you find difficult to pronounce and ask someone who speaks the languagewell to pronounce them for you
Record these words listen to them and practice saying them Listen and read at the same time
vi Buy books on tape
Record yourself reading some sections of the book Compare the sound of your English with that of the person readingthe book on the tape
vii Pronounce the ending of each word
Pay special attention to S and ED endings This will help you strengthen the mouth muscles that you use when youspeak English
viii Read aloud in English for 15-20 minutes every day
Research has shown it takes about three months of daily practice to develop strong mouth muscles for speaking a newlanguage
ix Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation mistakes
Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice and avoid listening to themselves speak However this is a veryimportant exercise because doing it will help you become conscious of the mistakes you are making
x Be patient
You can change the way you speak but it wont happen overnight People often expect instant results and give up toosoon You can change the way you sound if you are willing to put some effort into it
GOOD LUCK
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Answered by Anant-- an ibibo Master at 133 PM on October 09 2008
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Anant--Profile | QampA
BEST WAY ACCORDING TO ME IS READ DAILY ENGLISH NEWSPAPER IF U COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY ONE OXFORD DICTIONARY AND REFER MEANINGS AND IFU COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY MEANINGS CONVERSION OF ENGLISH TO UR MOTHER TONGUE THIS MAY TAKESOME TIME THERE WILL BE SOME IMPROVEMENT IN JUST 1 MONTH BETTER READ HINDU OR TIMES OF INDIAALL THE BEST
Answered by gyaneshwar an ibibo Citizen at 1258 PM on October 09 2008
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gyaneshwar Profile | QampA
Related Search
Meri english bahot hi weak haimain apni english kaise strong kar sakta hoonkis tarah fluentlyenglish bol sakta hoon
dearthe simple way to improve you english is to particehave you ever heard of the saying Parctise makes a man perfect so even when you you commit mistake try to learn from the mistake and rectify themand simple start askingquestion to people in Englishand if you want yo learn english donot fell embrace in the front of anyone and alsotry to read TIMES OF INDIAN
Posted in Self Development by naqeeb ahmar at 758 PM on March 17 2008Tags meri english bahot weak apni kaise strong sakta tarah fluently hoon
how to improve english plese tell me
to compose simple sentences in your mind when you are alone Stick on the idea you want to convey rather than thegrammar Speak to the native English speakers if possible Chatt with those in internet SearchI dont know the level of your english if you have basics the fun way of learning are english comics cartoon network in english or any english
movies comics will help you in speaking good english
Posted in Love amp Romance by Shiva Singh at 1015 PM on September 24 2008Tags improve english plese
How can i improve my Enlish speaking and writing both
their meanings and use them in your convesationListen to english newsFor writing read the books on letters essaysand storiesslowly you will get the idea of using english in your convenienceFinally findDear Ashok It is good you
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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want to improve your English First and foremost thing you need is YOU All you need to do is give quality time notthe quantity Do make a conscious effort and smart work
Posted in Self Development by ashok sharma at 626 AM on October 14 2008Tags improve enlish writing
how to use GPRS in china made mob prince A960
here most of gprs settings for most of mobile service operator India to enter in your phone mannulay Here you havemanual gprs settings for vodafone hutch idea airtel bsnl airtel live airtel mobile you can enter in your phone andconfigure mannuallyManual Idea gprs Settings1 Account Name - ideaGPRS2 Username - leave Blank3 Password -leave Blank4 Homepage - httpwapideafreshcom5
Posted in Computers amp Technology by vivek soni at 145 AM on June 13 2008Tags gprs help china mad mob
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i m Doing for Improve my englishgive me your best idea
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the
pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you canwell ntn its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming future n ways ntn some tips from my sidethat will help yu improve yu ur english are i Observe
Posted in Exams Education amp References by ntn jain at 939 PM on October 13 2008Tags want improve english improve best
what is html
they want Text is what you will use English letters just like you use everyday Markup is what you will do You willwrite in plain English and then mark up what you wrote Language Some may argue that technically html is a code
but you write html in plain everyday English languageHi RockyHTML is the code behind your webpage and is whatyour browser looks for to display a webpage the way the webdesigner
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Rocky at 258 PM on May 07 2008Tags html
how I improve my english speech
and be confidentYOU CAN DOWNLOAD A LOT OF SOFTWARES FROM INTERNET IT REALLY HELPSAND ANOTHER IDEA IS TO WATCH ENGLISH CHANNELS LIKE METRO NATION NDTV GOOD TIMESAND DONT FORGET TO WATCH NDTV DISCUSSIONSget to c more english movie join times classes on english
they improvise a lotEnglish can be improved by reading booksnewspaper by discussionsThese are certain tips toimprove english
Posted in Counselling by sagar gawde at 803 PM on February 14 2008Tags improve english speech
What is the best way to enhance skills in English Which is most best website which can help tolearn English from basic to a very high class
will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin thinking in English Listening to Native Speakers as Much asPossible is the good idea to enhance your English language skills Here are someFirst of all be motivated become a
person who likes to learn English Using as many different sources methods and tools as possible will allow you tolearn faster There are many different ways
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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Posted in Self Development by RAVINDRA at 644 PM on October 03 2008Tags best enhance skills website help learn english basic high
Who created the first mouse
to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThe first marketed integrated mouseshipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came from the resemblance of earlymodels which had a cord attached to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThefirst marketed integrated mouse shipped as a part
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Aryan Gusain at 212 PM on July 02 2008Tags created first mouse
Do you have any idea for FRANKLYN INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGE Its a spoken English Institutewhich gives Job Guarantee if anyone knows plz let me know
190A Maniktolla Main Road Kolkata-54 phone no 91-33-32401558 91-33-32428200 frankylnkkghotmailcomhi poonamur question gives an idea dat ur command on english is nt poor why u r lookingYou have heard rightFRANKLYN offers spoken english courses and there is also a lot of students pursuing courses there
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull set and sit When used as a verb to set means to place or to adjust to a valuewhereas to sit means to be seated
o Standard Set the pot upon the stove
o Standard Set the temperature-control to 100 degC
o Non-standard Set down over there
o Non-standard Sit the pot on the stoveo Standard Sit on the chair
bull shrink and shirk To shirk means to consistently avoid to neglect to be tooafraid to engage To shrink means to contract to become physically smaller insize also to shrink away means to suddenly jerk away from something inhorror However to shrink from may also mean to hesitate or show reluctancetoward
o Standard I will not shirk discussion
o Standard I will not shrink from discussion
o Standard She shrank away from me
o Non-standard I will not shrink discussiono Non-standard I will not shirk from discussion
bull sight site and cite A sight is something seen a site is a place To cite is to quoteor list as a source
o Standard You are a sight for sore eyes
o Standard I found a list of the sights of Rome on a tourist site
o Standard Please cite the sources you used in your essay
o Standard You must travel to the site of the dig to see the dinosaur bones
o Standard It is necessary to have line-of-sight if you want to use
semaphore
o Non-standard One must be careful on a construction sighto Non-standard I will site the book in which I saw the statistics
o Non-standard I could not fire because I did not have line-of-site to the
target
bull temblor and trembler A temblor is an earthquake A trembler is something thattrembles
bull than and then Than is a grammatical particle and preposition associated withcomparatives whereas then is an adverb and a noun In certain dialects the twowords are usually homophones because they are function words with reduced
vowels and this may cause speakers to confuse themo Standard I like pizza more than lasagne
o Standard We ate dinner then went to the movies
o Non-standard You are a better person then I am
bull there their theyre and therere There refers to the location of somethingTheir means belonging to them Theyre is a contraction of They are Therere
is a contraction of there are[citation needed ]
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o Standard Therere five of them and theyre all coming to the restaurant for
their dinner we will meet them there
bull theres wheres etc A common spoken mistake is using a singular contractionwhen it should be plural in words like theres and wheres This stems from the
fact that therere and wherere are more difficult to enunciate and are oftenavoided for that reason in colloquial speecho Non-standard Wheres the cars (Should be Wherere)
o Non-standard Theres many types of cars (Should be Therere)
bull to too Too means in excess or also To is a preposition or is a part of a verbin the infinitive At the end of a sentence to may also refer to a dropped verb inthe infinitive
bull trimester A trimester is a period of three months[12][13] Because it is mostcommonly used in conjunction with a nine-month academic year [14] or a nine-
month term of human pregnancy[15]
it is sometimes wrongly assumed thattrimester is simply a synonym for one third[16][17] o Standard One calendar year contains four trimesters
o Non-standard Without further delay then comes ESPNcoms annual
(and overdue) First Trimester Report ushering folks back to the office bytaking stock of the seasons opening third[18]
[edit] U to Z
bull venal and venial These words are sometimes confused venal means corruptable to be bribed or for sale venial means pardonable not serious[2][19]
o Standard According to Catholic doctrine eating meat on a Friday is avenial sin but murder is a mortal sin
o Standard All ages have examples of venal politicians
bull warranty and warrantee A warranty is a legal assurance that some object can perform some specified task or meets certain quality standards A warrantee is the person who benefits from a warranty The verb form is warrant Confusion herecan stem from guarantee and the less common guaranty which have similar meanings
o Standard Most new cars come with at least a three-year warranty
o Standard I guarantee that you will make a return on your investment
o Non-standard Your mobile phone has stopped working Maybe you needto claim under the warrantee
bull whose and whos Whose is an interrogative word (Whose is this) or a relative pronoun (The people whose house you admired) whos is a contraction for whois or who has
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bull wont and wont Wont is a contraction for will not while wont is a wordmeaning accustomed or inclined to (as an adjective) or habit or custom (as anoun)
o Standard He wont let me drive his car
o Standard He spent the morning reading as he was wont to do
o Standard He took a walk in the evening as was his wonto Non-standard I wont need to go to the supermarket after all
bull youre and your While they sound the same in many dialects in standard writtenEnglish they have separate meanings Youre is a contraction for you are and your is a possessive pronoun meaning belonging to you When in doubt just seewhether the word in question can logically be expanded to you are
o Standard When driving always wear your seatbelt
o Standard If youre going out please be home by ten oclock
o Non-standard Youre mother called this morning
o Non-standard Your the first person to notice my new haircut today
bull aggravate ndash Some prescriptivists have argued that this word should not be used inthe sense of to annoy or to oppress but only to mean to make worseHowever this proscription against to annoy is not rooted in history Accordingto AHDI the annoy usage occurs in English as far back as the 17th centuryfurthermore in Latin from which the word was borrowed both meanings wereused[1] Sixty-eight percent of AHD4s Usage Panel approves of its use in Its theendless wait for luggage that aggravates me the most about air travel [2] M-Wmentions that while aggravate in the sense of to rouse to displeasure or anger byusually persistent and often petty goading has been around since the 17thcentury disapproval of that usage only appeared around 1870[3] RH states in its
usage note under aggravate that The two most common senses of aggravate areto make worse and to annoy or exasperate Both senses first appeared in theearly 17th century at almost the same time the corresponding two senses of thenoun aggravation also appeared then Both senses of aggravate and aggravation
have been standard since then[4] Chambers cites this usage as colloquial andthat it is well established especially in spoken English although it is sometimesregarded as incorrect[5]
o Disputed usage Its the endless wait for luggage that aggravates me the
most about air travelo Undisputed usage Being hit on the head by a falling brick aggravated my
already painful headache
bull aint ndash originally a contraction of am not this word is widely used as areplacement for arent isnt havent and hasnt as well While aint hasexisted in the English language for a very long time and it is a common normalword in many dialects in both North America and the British Isles it is not a partof standard English and its use in formal writing is not recommended by mostusage commentators Its unselfconscious use in speech may tend to mark thespeaker as uneducated Nevertheless aint is used by educated speakers and
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writers for deliberate effect what Oxford American Dictionary describes astongue-in-cheek or reverse snobbery and what Merriam-Webster Collegiate
calls emphatic effect or a consistently informal style[6]
bull alibi ndash Some prescriptivists argue this cannot be used in the non-legal sense of
an explanation or excuse to avoid blame or justify action AHD4 notes that thisusage was acceptable to almost half[7] of the Usage Panel while most opposedthe words use as a verb M-W mentions no usage problems listing the disputedmeaning second to its legal sense without comment OED cites the non-legal nounand verb usages as colloquial and orig[inally] US[8] Chambers deems this usecolloquial[9]
bull alright ndash An alternate to all right that some consider illiterate but others allowRH says that it probably arose in analogy with other similar words such asaltogether and already it does concede the use in writing as informal and thatall right is used in more formal edited writing[10] AHD4 flags alright as
nonstandard
[11]
and comments that this unacceptance (compared to altogether etc) is peculiar and may be due to its relative recentness (altogether andalready date back to the Middle Ages alright only a little over a century)[12]
Chambers refers to varying levels of formality of all right deeming alright to bemore casual it recommends the use of all right in writing for readers who are precise about the use of language[13]
bull also ndash Some prescriptivists contend this word should not be used to begin asentence AHD4 says 63 percent of the Usage Panel found acceptable theexample The warranty covers all power-train components Also participating dealers back their work with a free lifetime service guarantee[14] See also and amp
but below
bull alternate ndash In British English this adjective means according to OED and other sources switching between two options or similar It does not mean the same asalternative (see next) which OED specifically marks as an American meaning of alternate In international English it is thus thought better to observe the Britishdistinction then the meanings of alternative and alternate will be clear toeveryone (See meanings given at M-W the same applies to the adverbsalternately and alternatively)
bull alternative ndash Some prescriptivists argue that alternative should be used onlywhen the number of choices involved is exactly two While AHD4 allows thewords longstanding use to mean one of a number of things from which only onecan be chosen and the acceptance of this usage by many language critics it goeson to state that only 49 of its Usage panel approves of its use as in Of the threealternatives the first is the least distasteful[15] Neither M-W[16] nor RH[17]
mentions any such restriction to a choice of two Chambers qualifies its definitionas referring to strictly speaking two but often used of more than two possibilities[18]
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bull ampm ndash These are Latin abbreviations for the adverbial phrases antemeridiem (before noon) and post meridiem (after noon) Some prescriptivistsargue that they thus should not be used in English as nouns meaning morningand afternoon however such use is consistent with ordinary nominalizationfeatures of English AHD4 lists adjectival usage with an AM appointment [19]
and a PM appointment[20]
RH gives Shall we meet Saturday am[19]
withoutcomment it gives no corresponding example at pm so that usage can only beextrapolated Also the National Institute of Standards and Technology (nd)contends it is incorrect to use 12 am or 12 pm to mean either noon or midnight
bull amongamongst and between ndash The traditionalist view is that between shouldonly be used when there are only two objects for comparison and among or amongst should be used for more than two objects Most style guides anddictionaries do not support this advice saying that between can be used to refer tosomething that is in the time space or interval that separates more than two itemsM-W says that the idea that between can be used only of two items is persistent
but unfounded
[21]
and AHD4 calls it a widely repeated but unjustified tradition[22] The OED says In all senses between has been from its earliest appearanceextended to more than two[23] Chambers says It is acceptable to use between
with reference to more than two people or things although does state that among
may be more appropriate in some circumstances[24] o Undisputed usage I parked my car between the two telegraph poles
o Undisputed usage Youll find my brain between my ears
o Disputed usage The duck swam between the reeds
o Disputed usage They searched the area between the river the farmhouse
and the woodso Undisputed usage We shared the money evenly amongst the three of us
o
Disputed usage We shared the money between Tom Dick and meo Undisputed usage My house was built among the gum trees
bull amount ndash Some prescriptivists argue amount should not be substituted for number They recommend the use of number if the thing referred to is countableand amount only if it is uncountable While RH acknowledges the traditionaldistinction between amount and number it mentions that [a]lthough objected tothe use of amount instead of number with countable nouns occurs in both speechand writing especially when the noun can be considered as a unit or group (theamount of people present the amount of weapons) or when it refers to money(the amount of dollars paid the amount of pennies in the till)[25] (see also less)
o
Disputed usage I was amazed by the amount of people who visited mywebsite (With knowledge of the exact number)o Undisputed usage The number of people in the lift must not exceed 10
o Undisputed usage I was unimpressed by the amount of water consumed
by the elephant
bull and ndash Some prescriptivists argue that sentences should not begin with the wordand on the argument that as a conjunction it should only join clauses within a
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sentence AHD4 states that this stricture has been ridiculed by grammarians for decades and ignored by writers from Shakespeare to Joyce Carol Oates[26] RHstates Both and and but and to a lesser extent or and so are common astransitional words at the beginnings of sentences in all types of speech andwriting it goes on to suggest that opposition to this usage probably stems from
the overuse of such sentences by inexperienced writers[27]
ENCARTA opinesthat said opposition comes from too literal an understanding of the joiningfunction of conjunctions and states that any overuse is a matter of poor style notgrammatical correctness[28] COED calls the usage quite acceptable[29] Manyverses of the King James Bible begin with and as does William Blakes poem And did those feet in ancient time (aka Jerusalem) Fowlers Modern EnglishUsage defends this use of and Chambers states that Although it is sometimesregarded as poor style it is not ungrammatical to begin a sentence with and [30]
See also also above and but below
bull anxious ndash Some prescriptivists argue that this word should only be used in the
sense of worried or worrisome (compare anxiety) but it has been used inthe sense of eager for over 250 years 52 of AHD4s Usage Panel accepts itsuse in the sentence We are anxious to see the new show of contemporarysculpture at the museum Also it suggests that the use of anxious to mean eager
may be mild hyperbole as the use of dying in the sentence Im dying to see your new baby[31] RH states bluntly that its use in the sense of eageris fullystandard[32] M-W defines anxious as 3 ardently or earnestly wishing ltanxiousto learn moregt synonym see EAGER[33] Chambers gives 3 very eager bullanxious to do well[34]
[edit] B
bull barbaric and barbarous mdash Barbaric applies to the culture of barbarians and may be positive (barbaric splendor) barbarous applies to the behavior of barbariansand is negative (barbarous cruelty) This is standard English usage HoweverM-W equates the third meaning of barbaric with the third of barbarous thatis mercilessly harsh or cruel[35] COD11 and Chambers list savagely cruel andcruel and brutal excessively harsh or vicious[36] respectively as the first
meanings for barbaric Only AHD4 disallows this usage and without comment[37]
o Undisputed The environment of the venue was barbaric
o Undisputed Terrorism is barbarous
o Disputed Capital punishment is a disgusting barbaric measure
bull begging the question In logic begging the question is another term for petitio
principii or arguing in a circle in other words making assumptions in advanceabout the very issue in dispute Now often used to mean simply leading to thequestion
o Undisputed You argue that Christianity must be true because the Bible
says so Isnt that begging the question
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o Disputed You want to go to the theatre That begs the question which day
we should go
bull but ndash Some prescriptivists argue that if and should not be used to begin sentencesthen neither should but These words are both conjunctions thus they believe that
they should be used only to link clauses within a sentence AHD4 states that itmay be used to begin a sentence at all levels of style [38]
[edit] C
bull can and may ndash Some prescriptivists argue that can refers to possibility and may
refers to permission and insist on maintaining this distinction although usage of can to refer to permission is pervasive in spoken and very frequent in writtenEnglish M-W notes Can and may are most frequently interchangeable in sensesdenoting possibility because the possibility of ones doing something may (or can) depend on anothers acquiescence they have also become interchangeable in
the sense denoting permission The use of can to ask or grant permission has beencommon since the 19th century and is well established although somecommentators feel may is more appropriate in formal contexts May is relativelyrare in negative constructions (maynt is not common) cannot and cant are usualin such contexts[39] AHD4 echoes this sentiment of formality noting that only21 of the Usage Panel accepted can in the example Can I take another week tosubmit the application[40] For its part OED labels the use of can for may ascolloquial[41]
bull comprise ndash Comprise means to consist of A second meaning to compose or constitute is sometimes attacked by usage writers However it is supported as
sense 3 along with a usage note in M-W[42] and although AHD4 notes the usageas a usage problem its usage note says Our surveys show that opposition tothis usage is abating In the 1960s 53 percent of the Usage Panel found this usageunacceptable in 1996 only 35 percent objected[43]
o Undisputed usage The English Wikipedia comprises more than two
million articleso Disputed usage The English Wikipedia comprises of more than two
million articleso Disputed usage The English Wikipedia is comprised of more than two
million articleso Disputed usage More than two million articles comprise the English
Wikipediao Disputed usage Diatoms comprise more than 70 of all phytoplankton
o Undisputed usage Diatoms constitute more than 70 of all
phytoplanktono Disputed usage Those in the industry have mostly scoffed at the young
inexperienced Carter and the rest of the high school pals that comprise thecompany[44]
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Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] D
bull deprecate ndash The original meaning in English is deplore or express disapproval
of (the Latin from which the word derives means pray to avert evil suggestingthat some event would be a calamity) The word is now also used to mean playdown belittle or devalue a shift that some prescriptivists disapprove of as itsuggests the word is being confused with the similar word depreciate in factAHD4 states that in this sense deprecate has almost completely supplanteddepreciate however a majority of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved thissense[45] Its use with the approximate meaning to declare obsolete in computer jargon is also sometimes condemned
bull diagnose ndash Cochrane (2004) states that to diagnose [someone] with a disease isan incorrect usage of the verb diagnose which takes the physician as subject and
a disease as object (eg to diagnose cancer) In American English according toAHD4[46] and M-W[47] the sense of diagnose [someone] with a disease is listedwithout comment or tag however for its part RH does not list such a usage withor without comment For British English COD11 offers identify the medicalcondition of (someone) she was diagnosed as having epilepsy (2004) this usagehowever did not appear in editions as recently as the 1990s Chambers does notoffer this sense at all[48]
o Disputed usage Mr Smith was diagnosed with diabetes
o Undisputed usage The doctor diagnosed diabetes
bull different ndash Standard usage in both Britain and America is different from (on the
analogy of to differ from) In Britain this competes with different to (coinedon the analogy of similar to) In America it competes with different than(coined on the analogy of other than) Different to is also found in IrishAustralian and New Zealand English
o Undisputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different
from the Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different to the
Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different than
the British
bull disinterested ndash Standard usage is as a word for unbiased but some have alsorendered it synonymous with uninterested or apathetic
o Undisputed usage As their mutual best friend I tried to remain
disinterested in their argument so as not to anger eithero Disputed usage The key to attracting a member of the opposite sex is to
balance between giving attention to him or her and appearingdisinterested
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bull due to ndash The adjectival use of due to is undisputed Its adverbial use howeverhas been a subject of dispute for many years as witnessed by several (especiallyUS) dictionary usage notes that in the end designate it as standard WilliamStrunk in his Elements of style labelled the disputed adverbial use of due to asincorrect [49] Although the first (1926) edition of FOWLER condemned the
adverbial use as common only among the illiterate the third (1996) editionsaid Opinion remains sharply divided but it begins to look as if this use of due
to will form part of the natural language of the 21C as one more example of aforgotten battle Due to is frequently used in place of from for with of because
of and other prepositions Undisputed synonyms for due to are caused by andattributable to
o Disputed usage He died due to cancer (He died of cancer)
o Disputed usage Due to the end of the Second War circumstances altered
profoundly (With the end of the Second War circumstances altered profoundly)
o Disputed usage The project failed due to lack of funds (The project
failed for lack of funds) o Undisputed usage His death was due to cancer
o Undisputed usage Many thought the problem was due to mismanagement
[edit] E
bull enormity ndash Frequently used as a synonym for enormousness or immensity but traditionally means extreme wickedness According to AHD4 thisdistinction has not always occurred historically but is now supported by 59 of the dictionarys Usage Panel[50] COD11 states that enormity as a synonym for hugeness is now broadly accepted as standard English Although Chambers lists
immenseness or vastness as a meaning it says it should not be used in thatsense commenting that it is encountered often because the word enormousness isawkward it recommends using instead another word such as hugeness greatness etc[51]
o Disputed usage The enormity of the elephant astounded me
o Traditional usage The enormity of Stalins purges astounds me
[edit] F
bull farther and further ndash Many prescriptivists adhere to the rule that farther only
should refer to matters of physical distance or position while further should bereserved for usages involving time or degree (as well as undisputed descriptionsof moreover and in addition)
o Disputed usage San Jose is further from LA than Santa Barbara
o Disputed usage LA was a couple hours farther from home than I
expectedo Disputed usage If her fever increases any farther I will call the doctor
o Undisputed usage I would like to discuss the issue further at a later time
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bull fortuitously ndash Used by some interchangeably with fortunately strictly speaking fortuitousness is a reference to an occurrence depending on chance M-W notesthat use of the word in sense of fortunate has been in standard use for at least 70years and notes that the sense of coming or happening by a lucky chance isvirtually unnoticed by usage critics[52][clarification needed ]
[edit] G
bull gender ndash Gender is often used interchangeably with sex in the sense of the biological or social quality male and female It is never used to refer to sexualintercourse
o Gender traditionally refers to grammatical gender a feature in the
grammar of a number of different languages Some prescriptivists arguethat its use as a euphemism for sex is to be avoided as a genteelismFowler (p 211) says it is used either as a jocularityor a blunder
o Sex and gender can be used in different but related senses with sex
referring to biological characteristics and gender to social roles andexpectations based on sex Use of gender as interchangeable with or as areplacement for sex may confuse readers who draw this distinction See
gender identity gender role
[edit] H
bull hoi polloi ndash The question surrounding hoi polloi is whether it is appropriate to usethe article the preceding the phrase it arises because hoi is the Greek word for the in the phrase and classical purists complain that adding the makes the phrase
redundant the the common people Foreign phrases borrowed into English areoften reanalyzed as single grammatical units requiring an English article inappropriate contexts AHD4 says The Arabic element al- means the andappears in English nouns such as alcohol and alchemy Thus since no one wouldconsider a phrase such as the alcohol to be redundant criticizing the hoi polloi onsimilar grounds seems pedantic[53]
bull hopefully ndash Some prescriptivists argue this word should not be used as anexpression of confidence in an outcome however M-W classes hopefully withother words such as interestingly frankly and unfortunately (which areunremarkably used in a similar way) as disjuncts and describes this usage as
entirely standard
[54]
AHD4 however notes that opposition to this usage by their usage panels has grown from 56 to 73 despite support for similar disjuncts(such as 60 support for the use of mercifully in Mercifully the game ended before the opponents could add another touchdown to the lopsided score) AHD4opines that this opposition is not to the use of these adverbs in general but thatthis use of hopefully has become a shibboleth[55] OED lists this usage withoutany colloquial or other label other than to say Avoided by many writers[56]
See also the discussion of hopefully as a dangling modifier One investigation in
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modern corpora on Language Log revealed that outside fiction where it stillrepresents 40 of all uses (the other qualifying primarily speech and gazes)disjunct uses account for the vast majority (over 90) of all uses of the word[57]
o Disputed usage Hopefully Ill get that scholarship
o Undisputed usage The prisoner thought hopefully about the prospect for
escape when he realized the guards accidentally left his cell unlocked
Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] L
bull less ndash Some prescriptivists argue that less should not be substituted for fewer Merriam-Webster notes The traditional view is that less applies to matters of degree value or amount and modifies collective nouns mass nouns or nounsdenoting an abstract whole while fewer applies to matters of number and modifies plural nouns Less has been used to modify plural nouns since the days of King
Alfred and the usage though roundly decried appears to be increasing Less ismore likely than fewer to modify plural nouns when distances sums of moneyand a few fixed phrases are involved ltless than 100 milesgt ltan investment of less
than $2000gt ltin 25 words or lessgt and as likely as fewer to modify periods of time ltin less (or fewer ) than four hoursgt[58]
o Disputed usage This lane 12 items or less
o Undisputed usage We had fewer players on the team this season
o Undisputed usage There is less water in the tank now
bull like and as ndash Some prescriptivists object to the use of like as a conjunction statingit is rather a preposition and that only as would be appropriate in this
circumstance M-W however cites likes use as a conjunction as standard sincethe 14th century and opines that opposition to it is perhaps more heated thanrational (see M-Ws entry like [7 conjunction]) AHD4 says Writers sinceChaucers time have used like as a conjunction but 19th-century and 20th-centurycritics have been so vehement in their condemnations of this usage that a writer who uses the construction in formal style risks being accused of illiteracy or worse and recommends using as in formal speech and writing[59] OED does nottag it as colloquial or nonstandard but notes Used as conj[unction] = like asas Now generally condemned as vulgar or slovenly though examples may befound in many recent writers of standing[60] Chambers lists the conjunctive useas colloquial[61]
o Undisputed usage He is an American as am Io Undisputed usage He is an American like me
o Undisputed usage It looks as if this play will be a flop
o Undisputed usage This play looks like a flop
o Disputed usage He is an American like I am
o Disputed usage It looks like this play will be a flop
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bull literally ndash Some prescriptivists argue literally should not be used as a mereemphatic unless the thing to which it refers is actually true It is used todisambiguate a possible metaphorical interpretation of a phrase M-W does notcondemn the second use which means in effect or virtually but says the useis pure hyperbole intended to gain emphasis but it often appears in contexts
where no additional emphasis is necessary[62]
o Disputed usage The party literally went with a bang (No it did not
unless there was an actual loud noise)o Undisputed usage I literally ran more than 25 miles today I ran a
marathon
bull loan ndash The use of loan as a verb meaning to give out a loan is disputed withlend being preferred for the verb form AHD4 flatly states [t]he verb loan is wellestablished in American usage and cannot be considered incorrect[63] M-W statesloan is entirely standard as a verb[64] RH says Sometimes mistakenlyidentified as an Americanism loan as a verb meaning to lend has been used in
English for nearly 800 years it further states that objections to this use arecomparatively recent[65] Chambers defines the verb loan as to lend (especiallymoney)[66] OED merely states Now chiefly US[67] and COD11 includes themeaning without tag or comment
o Undisputed usage I lent him some money
o Undisputed usage Fill out the paperwork for a loan
o Disputed usage I loaned him some money
[edit] M
bull may and might ndash May should only be used where the event in question is still
possible not for something that was possible in the past or for a hypothetical present possibility Might is properly the past tense form of may (In similar fashion could should and would are all past tense forms for can shalland will respectively)
o Undisputed usage My brother may have gone to China last week
( perhaps he did )o Disputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother may have gone
to China last week (but he didnt )o Undisputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother might have
gone to China last weeko Disputed usage He thought it may be true (but it wasnt )
o Undisputed usage He thought it might be true
bull meet ndash Some prescriptivists state that as a transitive verb in the context to cometogether by chance or arrangement meet (as in meet (someone)) does not requirea preposition between verb and object the phrase meet with (someone) is deemedincorrect Chambers flags this usage US[68] RH allows it in the sense of to joinas for conference or instruction I met with her an hour a day until we solved the problem[69] On the other hand none of M-W AHD4 or COD11 entertains this
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usage NOTE In the sense of fulfilling prerequisites or criteria (We met with theentry requirements) or that of encountering (Our suggestions may meet with
opposition the soldiers met with machine-gun fire) the verb phrase meet with isnot in dispute
o Disputed usage I will meet with you tonight
o
Undisputed usage I will meet you tonight
bull momentarily ndash Traditionally momentarily means for a moment but its use tomean in a moment is sometimes disputed M-W[70] and RH[71] give this latter usage a standard entry without comment while OED[72] and Chambers[73] tag itNAmer AHD4 has a usage note indicating that 59 of their Usage Paneldeems this usage unacceptable[74]
o Disputed usage Your feature presentation will begin momentarily
o Undisputed usage The flash from the atom bomb momentarily lit up the
night sky
[edit] N
bull nauseous ndash Traditionally nauseous means causing nausea (synonymous withnauseating) it is commonly used now as a synonym for queasy that ishaving the feeling of nausea AHD4 notes the traditional view stating that 72 of the Usage Panel preferred nauseated over nauseous to mean affected withnausea however 88 of that same panel preferred nauseating to nauseous tomean causing nausea in other words a maximum of only 28 prefersnauseous in either case It also states that in common usage nauseous issynonymous with nauseated but deems this usage incorrect[75] M-W howeverasserts that [t]hose who insist that nauseous is an error for nauseated are
mistaken[76] Both M-W and AHD4 accept that nauseous is supplantingnauseated for feeling nausea and in turn being replaced by nauseating for causing nausea in general usage they only differ on the correctness of thechange RH states The two literal senses of nauseous [] appear in English atalmost the same time in the early 17th century and both senses are in standard useat the present time Nauseous is more common than nauseated in the senseaffected with nausea despite recent objections by those who imagine the sense to be new[77] CHAMBERS lists the sense of causing nausea first and affected withnausea second[78] while COD11 gives the affliction first and causation second both dictionaries list the entries without comment OED goes further tagging itsnauseated usage as Orig[inally] US but demoted its nauseating usage to
literary OED also notes that the original (now obsolete) sense of the word inEnglish was inclined to sickness or nausea squeamish[79] Curiously this oldestseventeenth-century meaning (inclined to nausea) while distinct from thedisputed twentieth-century usage (afflicted by nausea) more closely resemblesthe latter than it does the prescribed meaning (causing nausea)
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseous
o Disputed usage That smell is making me nauseous
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseating
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882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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future tense (The supervisor will be back presently)[80] M-W mentions the samevintage for the sense of now and that it is not clear why it is objectionable[81]
AHD4 states that despite its use nowadays in literate speech and writing thatthere is still lingering prejudice against this use In the late 1980s only 50 of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved of the sentence General Walters is hellip
presently the United States Ambassador to the United Nations[82]
COD11 lists both usages without comment CHAMBERS merely flags the sense of now asN Amer especially US[83]
o Disputed usage I am presently reading Wikipedia
o Undisputed usage I will be finished with that activity presently
[edit] R
bull refute ndash The traditional meaning of refute is disprove or dispel with reasoned
arguments It is now often used as a synonym for deny The latter sense islisted without comment by M-W[84] and AHD4[85] while CHAMBERS tags it ascolloquial[86] COD11 states that Traditionalists object to [the use of refute asdeny] but it is now widely accepted in standard English However RH does notmention this use at all[87]
bull relatively ndash Literally meaning compared to some now use relatively to meanmoderately or somewhat AHD4 does not list this usage at all [88] M-W hasapparently blended the two usages in one[89]
o Disputed usage That man was relatively annoying
o Undisputed usage Though relatively harmless when compared to
dimethylmercury mercury (II) oxide is still quite toxic
[edit] S
bull Scotch Scots and Scottish ndash Formerly English people used Scotch whereScottish people used Scottish The current convention is as follows
o Scottish for people
o Scotch for things (especially whisky)
o Scots for institutions (Scots law Scots language)
bull
seek ndash This means look for but is used to mean try or want This usage iscriticised by Fowler in the entry Formal Words
o Disputed usage we did seek to resolve the Iraq crisis by peaceful
means those who seek to emulate his legacy of murder the Liberalsseek to undermine that future[attribution needed ]
o Undisputed usage Seek and ye shall find
[edit] T
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3041
bull than mdash Than is the subject of a longstanding dispute as to its status as a preposition or conjunction see than For the disputed construction different thansee Different
bull they mdash Prescriptivists regard this as a plural pronoun that uses a third person
plural verb conjugation (see below they show) but the word is now commonlyused especially in speech and informal writing as a non-gender-specific third- person singular pronoun (which modern English otherwise lacks) Alternativesinclude he or she and generic he Some writers argue that generic he isgeneric (as the name implies) and thus includes both sexes Others find it sexist or too old-fashioned The pronouns you or one can be used in some sentences
o Disputed usage A person is rude if they show no respect for their hosts
o Undisputed usage One is rude if one shows no respect for ones hosts
o Undisputed usage It is rude not to show respect for hosts
o Undisputed usage Many people have told me that they are satisfied with
their food
bull thusly mdash Thusly (AHD4 suggests) was originally coined by educated writers tomake fun of uneducated persons trying to sound genteel[90] Thusly howeverdiffused into popular usage Some people accept it as an adverb in its own rightwhile others believe thus should be used in all cases The word thusly appearswith no associated usage notes in M-W[91] COD11 tags it as informal with theentry thus tagged as literary or formal CHAMBERS does not list the word atall and it is unknown in British usage[92]
[edit] U
bull unique ndash Some prescriptivists argue that unique only means sole or unequaled (British spelling unequalled) but most dictionaries give a thirdmeaning unusual which can be qualified by very or somewhat as in Thetheme of the party was somewhat unique see comparison Almost unique isuniversally acceptable[citation needed ]
[edit] W
bull
whilst and while mdash Penguin Working Words recommends while only and notesthat whilst is old-fashioned Cambridge Guide to English Usage and M-WsWebsters Guide to English Usage comment on its regional character and notethat it is rare in American usage It is thus safer to use only while in internationalEnglish (See the article While for further sources deprecating the use of whilst and cautioning about uses of while)
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull who mdash Some prescriptivists argue that who should be used only as a subject pronoun the corresponding object pronoun being whom Strictly speakingusing who instead of whom is substituting a subjective pronoun for an objective pronoun and hence is the same as using she instead of her (eg I talked to she
today) Most people never use whom in spoken English and instead use who for
all cases Those who use whom in everyday speech may recognize substitution of who as substandard FOWLER has an extensive entry on who and whom
including several quotes from major publications where whom is used incorrectlyo Undisputed usage You are talking to whom
o Disputed usage You are talking to who
o Undisputed usage To whom are you talking
o Disputed usage To who are you talking
o Disputed usage far more hostile to Diana whom she believes betrayed
the Prince of WalesmdashIndependent Mag 1993 (FOWLER)o Undisputed usage far more hostile to Diana who she believes betrayed
the Prince of Wales
o Disputed usage Whom do men say that I am (Mark 927 King JamesVersion)
bull whoever mdash This extension of who (see above) along with its object formwhomever is attended by the same uncertainties as who along with whom and isdiscussed in the same sources (See the relevant section at Who)
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever wants it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever you think should have it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whomever you choose to give it
o Disputed usage Give it to whoever you choose to give it to
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever wants it
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever you think should have it
Module - Pair work - Asking questions to yourpartner
Hey
with Group 2 we first talked a little about food at the beginning of the class as awarm up And here is what we said
to be written by Franc
Then today was the first day that we worked in pairs You had to find informationabout superhero characters asking questions to your partner
Here are the two worksheets if you still need to complete them
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW you need to be able to speak about the picture of a super hero + speak about
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their story + give the common points between all the super heroes presented Yourpresentation will last about 3 to 5 minutes You can send me some drafts (brouillon)if neededBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - Tale LV2
Southern Trees - beginning of the study
Hey
today we first warmed up about your future jobs while waiting for those who werelate Here is what you said
I would like to become an architect when I leave highschool (Selma)I want to study law to be a lawyer maybe ( Jeacuterocircme)
Structures WANT TO WOULD LIKE TO -- Attention aux noms de meacutetiers quisont preacuteceacutedeacutes de larticle aan
Then we did a quick recap about what Jim Crow laws used to be Here is what wesaid
bull Jim Crow Laws
These were laws about racial segregation until the end of the 1960sBlacks were not allowed to go to school with Whites
Blacks were not allowed to attend school with WhitesBlacks were forbidden to live together there were separate water
fountains rest rooms or entrances at restaurantsThey were prohibited to sit at the front of a bus
bull KKK(1865-)
white Protestantssupremacy of the white race
white costumesterrorism and violence to oppress Blacks
Finally we listened to the text and we started our general comprehesion by
highlighting the important information about the type of document the places thetime Here is what we wrote
bull Text Southern Trees
- type of doc extract from the autobiographic novel of Billie Holliday- who Billie Holliday Lewis Allen piano player of Billie Pop audience bitch
- where in New-York at Cafe Society on 52nd Street Miami Los Angeles
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- when published in 1956
HW you need to finish answering the usual wh- questions about the text (inparticular about the feelings of the characters involved) You also need to divide thetext into 2 parts give them a title and justify your titles
NB you will have a vocabulary test next week with the words from the lesson andthe words from the tool box p 53 You may also have a test about the text andabout racial discrimination in the US on Wednesday It will depend on how far we areinto the study of the document Southern TreesBy English Prof
Enter comment - View comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Spiderman - Page 3
This morning with the whole class we first warmed up with why I was a little late inclass Here is what we wrote
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
Then we studied the last page from Spiderman
There was a secretary for each person that spoke about a panel Here are the notesthat we took while they were speaking
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
HW you will be able to speak about the document at the beginning of the class in arow (dun seul trait )You can download the last page here
By English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Oral tests about picture presentation + Lastsuperhero activity in pair work
Hey
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today in module I asked you to speak about the picture p 152 that you had tocomment You need to improve your analysis Ill be asking other students next timeagain
Here is an example of presentation Its not perfect but its a rather good one
The document is a picture where there are two parts In the first part wecan see a white family at the bottom who is sitting in a garden They looksurprised and they are looking at the second family who feels happy and
impressed Contrary to the white family they are standing and clad with
their traditional dress Its a black family
To me the scene takes place in the USA and the goal of this picture is todenounce discrimination which treats people differently in society
The photographer aims at criticizing segregation In this photo theseparation is represented by the fence which is separating Africans from
Americans Segregation in the 20th century in America was when the Blacksand the Whites couldnt blend
To my mind this picture is a good representation of discrimination MartinLuther King and Rosa Park are the symbols of this conflict When I see somepeople wanted to change society and make people aware of these
inequalities through paintings photos speeches or parades Im grateful tothem
The picture attains its objective I like this photo because it denounces very
well the implicit problems of American society in the 20th century(by Rochella D)
Group 2 then we started a new activity about grammar on how to differentiatebetween Present Simple and Present Be + ing
You may download the documents hereyet to be uploaded
Group 1 Then we started a new activity that was initially designed by MissFernandes a colleague in the academy of Caen We first described the pictures of the superheroes
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW You need to finish the description of each picture and prepare the questions toask to your partner about the missing elements in your worksheetBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareMonday 16 november 2009
- Posted in For Fun
The Prisoner - New Series - Trailer
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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A new American series that you will probably LOVE Here is the trailer Looks andsounds fantastic
Exprimer le conseil en anglais
Today after taking a test on Body beauty and body parts (phonetics included) wespoke about superstitions on Friday the 13th And we discovered that Jonathansgrand-ma was extremely supersticious and that some of you believed in supernaturalthings too like Juliette who thinks her mother can read her mind or Camille RL whois sure what she says sometimes comes true Beware of the other Camille T whohas got a black cat She is certainly a witch and she may transform us all intopiglets Just kidding of course )
Here is what we said about superstitions
Today is a special day
On Friday the 13th people who are superstitious believe something terribly
bad or something awesome will happen to them
Examples of supertisions- you shouldnt be 13 around a table
- you shouldnt walk under a ladder- you shouldnt meet a black cat
- you shouldnt break a mirror- you shouldnt celebrate a birthday before
- you should wear a rabbit leg- you shouldnt walk on a line in the street
- you shouldnt cross your legs- you should touch wood when you say something bad
- you shouldnt put hats or shoes on a bed- you shouldnt open your umbrella inside
- you shouldnt put the bread upside down
Remember to express advice there are 3 very simple structures
bull should shouldnt + V
bull had better had better not + V bull ought to ought not to + V
Chocircmage unemployment
Embaucher to hire
bull by + V+ ing au moyen de en + V+ ingbull to + V pour + V (le but)
leisure loisirshigh ndash loweacuteleveacute ndash bas
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ecirctre oblige de to have to + Vto lead to entraicircnerhuge immense= The work-week la semaine de travailIn France the 35 hours-work week was decided and implemented in the 1990rsquos by asocialist government ( Mrs Aubry)
Exercice de traduction 1) Les employeacutes doivent faire des heures suppleacutementairesEmployees must do long hoursEmployees have to do long hours2) Il y a de nombreuses faccedilons de trouver du travailThere are a lot of ways to find work3) Lrsquoimmense augmentation des reacuteseaux sociaux permettent aux gens decommuniquer drsquoavantageThe huge increase of social networks enables people to communicate more4) Le travail suppleacutementaire entraicircne des problegravemes de santeacute pour les hommessurmeneacutes
bull Homebull Mail
bull Photos
bull Music
bull Games + Apps
bull More
o SMS Groups
o Sawaal
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o Free SMS
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Sign Up Sign In
Ask your Question in Exams Education amp References
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Home raquo Education raquo Exams Education ampReferences raquo Question
thornyuml
thornyuml
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I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i mDoing for Improve my english give me your best idea
Asked in Exams Education amp References at 1200 PM on October 09 2008
Tags english idea
This question is closedReport abuse
ntn jainProfile | QampA
Rate this 00
bull Latest Answers(4)
Sort by Latest | Oldest | Top-rated
English is best improved by practice and also by taking a small course to improve grammar and communication skillsThe key to practice is to read newspapers magazines and books almost regularly You can also start talking andexpressing yourself in English with your peers friends and (if possible) relatives
Writing in English is a good habit that will strengthen your expression skills as well In case you complete this all-round approach I am sure you will do well All the best
Answered by Idle Mind an ibibo Master at 409 PM on October 13 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Idle MindProfile | QampA
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you can
Answered by Rachana an ibibo Citizen at 106 PM on October 11 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
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RachanaProfile | QampA
well ntn
its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming
future n ways ntn some tips from my side that will help yu improve yu ur english are
i Observe the mouth movements of those who speak English well and try to imitate them
When you are watching television observe the mouth movements of the speakers Repeat what they are saying whileimitating the intonation and rhythm of their speech
ii Until you learn the correct intonation and rhythm of English slow your speech down
If you speak too quickly and with the wrong intonation and rhythm native speakers will have a hard timeunderstanding you
Dont worry about your listener getting impatient with your slow speech -- it is more important that everything you say be understood
iii Listen to the music of English
Do not use the music of your native language when you speak English Each language has its own way of singing
iv Use the dictionary
Try and familiarise yourself with the phonetic symbols of your dictionary Look up the correct pronunciation of wordsthat are hard for you to say
v Make a list of frequently used words that you find difficult to pronounce and ask someone who speaks the languagewell to pronounce them for you
Record these words listen to them and practice saying them Listen and read at the same time
vi Buy books on tape
Record yourself reading some sections of the book Compare the sound of your English with that of the person readingthe book on the tape
vii Pronounce the ending of each word
Pay special attention to S and ED endings This will help you strengthen the mouth muscles that you use when youspeak English
viii Read aloud in English for 15-20 minutes every day
Research has shown it takes about three months of daily practice to develop strong mouth muscles for speaking a newlanguage
ix Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation mistakes
Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice and avoid listening to themselves speak However this is a veryimportant exercise because doing it will help you become conscious of the mistakes you are making
x Be patient
You can change the way you speak but it wont happen overnight People often expect instant results and give up toosoon You can change the way you sound if you are willing to put some effort into it
GOOD LUCK
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Answered by Anant-- an ibibo Master at 133 PM on October 09 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Anant--Profile | QampA
BEST WAY ACCORDING TO ME IS READ DAILY ENGLISH NEWSPAPER IF U COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY ONE OXFORD DICTIONARY AND REFER MEANINGS AND IFU COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY MEANINGS CONVERSION OF ENGLISH TO UR MOTHER TONGUE THIS MAY TAKESOME TIME THERE WILL BE SOME IMPROVEMENT IN JUST 1 MONTH BETTER READ HINDU OR TIMES OF INDIAALL THE BEST
Answered by gyaneshwar an ibibo Citizen at 1258 PM on October 09 2008
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gyaneshwar Profile | QampA
Related Search
Meri english bahot hi weak haimain apni english kaise strong kar sakta hoonkis tarah fluentlyenglish bol sakta hoon
dearthe simple way to improve you english is to particehave you ever heard of the saying Parctise makes a man perfect so even when you you commit mistake try to learn from the mistake and rectify themand simple start askingquestion to people in Englishand if you want yo learn english donot fell embrace in the front of anyone and alsotry to read TIMES OF INDIAN
Posted in Self Development by naqeeb ahmar at 758 PM on March 17 2008Tags meri english bahot weak apni kaise strong sakta tarah fluently hoon
how to improve english plese tell me
to compose simple sentences in your mind when you are alone Stick on the idea you want to convey rather than thegrammar Speak to the native English speakers if possible Chatt with those in internet SearchI dont know the level of your english if you have basics the fun way of learning are english comics cartoon network in english or any english
movies comics will help you in speaking good english
Posted in Love amp Romance by Shiva Singh at 1015 PM on September 24 2008Tags improve english plese
How can i improve my Enlish speaking and writing both
their meanings and use them in your convesationListen to english newsFor writing read the books on letters essaysand storiesslowly you will get the idea of using english in your convenienceFinally findDear Ashok It is good you
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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want to improve your English First and foremost thing you need is YOU All you need to do is give quality time notthe quantity Do make a conscious effort and smart work
Posted in Self Development by ashok sharma at 626 AM on October 14 2008Tags improve enlish writing
how to use GPRS in china made mob prince A960
here most of gprs settings for most of mobile service operator India to enter in your phone mannulay Here you havemanual gprs settings for vodafone hutch idea airtel bsnl airtel live airtel mobile you can enter in your phone andconfigure mannuallyManual Idea gprs Settings1 Account Name - ideaGPRS2 Username - leave Blank3 Password -leave Blank4 Homepage - httpwapideafreshcom5
Posted in Computers amp Technology by vivek soni at 145 AM on June 13 2008Tags gprs help china mad mob
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i m Doing for Improve my englishgive me your best idea
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the
pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you canwell ntn its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming future n ways ntn some tips from my sidethat will help yu improve yu ur english are i Observe
Posted in Exams Education amp References by ntn jain at 939 PM on October 13 2008Tags want improve english improve best
what is html
they want Text is what you will use English letters just like you use everyday Markup is what you will do You willwrite in plain English and then mark up what you wrote Language Some may argue that technically html is a code
but you write html in plain everyday English languageHi RockyHTML is the code behind your webpage and is whatyour browser looks for to display a webpage the way the webdesigner
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Rocky at 258 PM on May 07 2008Tags html
how I improve my english speech
and be confidentYOU CAN DOWNLOAD A LOT OF SOFTWARES FROM INTERNET IT REALLY HELPSAND ANOTHER IDEA IS TO WATCH ENGLISH CHANNELS LIKE METRO NATION NDTV GOOD TIMESAND DONT FORGET TO WATCH NDTV DISCUSSIONSget to c more english movie join times classes on english
they improvise a lotEnglish can be improved by reading booksnewspaper by discussionsThese are certain tips toimprove english
Posted in Counselling by sagar gawde at 803 PM on February 14 2008Tags improve english speech
What is the best way to enhance skills in English Which is most best website which can help tolearn English from basic to a very high class
will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin thinking in English Listening to Native Speakers as Much asPossible is the good idea to enhance your English language skills Here are someFirst of all be motivated become a
person who likes to learn English Using as many different sources methods and tools as possible will allow you tolearn faster There are many different ways
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Posted in Self Development by RAVINDRA at 644 PM on October 03 2008Tags best enhance skills website help learn english basic high
Who created the first mouse
to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThe first marketed integrated mouseshipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came from the resemblance of earlymodels which had a cord attached to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThefirst marketed integrated mouse shipped as a part
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Aryan Gusain at 212 PM on July 02 2008Tags created first mouse
Do you have any idea for FRANKLYN INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGE Its a spoken English Institutewhich gives Job Guarantee if anyone knows plz let me know
190A Maniktolla Main Road Kolkata-54 phone no 91-33-32401558 91-33-32428200 frankylnkkghotmailcomhi poonamur question gives an idea dat ur command on english is nt poor why u r lookingYou have heard rightFRANKLYN offers spoken english courses and there is also a lot of students pursuing courses there
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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o Standard Therere five of them and theyre all coming to the restaurant for
their dinner we will meet them there
bull theres wheres etc A common spoken mistake is using a singular contractionwhen it should be plural in words like theres and wheres This stems from the
fact that therere and wherere are more difficult to enunciate and are oftenavoided for that reason in colloquial speecho Non-standard Wheres the cars (Should be Wherere)
o Non-standard Theres many types of cars (Should be Therere)
bull to too Too means in excess or also To is a preposition or is a part of a verbin the infinitive At the end of a sentence to may also refer to a dropped verb inthe infinitive
bull trimester A trimester is a period of three months[12][13] Because it is mostcommonly used in conjunction with a nine-month academic year [14] or a nine-
month term of human pregnancy[15]
it is sometimes wrongly assumed thattrimester is simply a synonym for one third[16][17] o Standard One calendar year contains four trimesters
o Non-standard Without further delay then comes ESPNcoms annual
(and overdue) First Trimester Report ushering folks back to the office bytaking stock of the seasons opening third[18]
[edit] U to Z
bull venal and venial These words are sometimes confused venal means corruptable to be bribed or for sale venial means pardonable not serious[2][19]
o Standard According to Catholic doctrine eating meat on a Friday is avenial sin but murder is a mortal sin
o Standard All ages have examples of venal politicians
bull warranty and warrantee A warranty is a legal assurance that some object can perform some specified task or meets certain quality standards A warrantee is the person who benefits from a warranty The verb form is warrant Confusion herecan stem from guarantee and the less common guaranty which have similar meanings
o Standard Most new cars come with at least a three-year warranty
o Standard I guarantee that you will make a return on your investment
o Non-standard Your mobile phone has stopped working Maybe you needto claim under the warrantee
bull whose and whos Whose is an interrogative word (Whose is this) or a relative pronoun (The people whose house you admired) whos is a contraction for whois or who has
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 1741
bull wont and wont Wont is a contraction for will not while wont is a wordmeaning accustomed or inclined to (as an adjective) or habit or custom (as anoun)
o Standard He wont let me drive his car
o Standard He spent the morning reading as he was wont to do
o Standard He took a walk in the evening as was his wonto Non-standard I wont need to go to the supermarket after all
bull youre and your While they sound the same in many dialects in standard writtenEnglish they have separate meanings Youre is a contraction for you are and your is a possessive pronoun meaning belonging to you When in doubt just seewhether the word in question can logically be expanded to you are
o Standard When driving always wear your seatbelt
o Standard If youre going out please be home by ten oclock
o Non-standard Youre mother called this morning
o Non-standard Your the first person to notice my new haircut today
bull aggravate ndash Some prescriptivists have argued that this word should not be used inthe sense of to annoy or to oppress but only to mean to make worseHowever this proscription against to annoy is not rooted in history Accordingto AHDI the annoy usage occurs in English as far back as the 17th centuryfurthermore in Latin from which the word was borrowed both meanings wereused[1] Sixty-eight percent of AHD4s Usage Panel approves of its use in Its theendless wait for luggage that aggravates me the most about air travel [2] M-Wmentions that while aggravate in the sense of to rouse to displeasure or anger byusually persistent and often petty goading has been around since the 17thcentury disapproval of that usage only appeared around 1870[3] RH states in its
usage note under aggravate that The two most common senses of aggravate areto make worse and to annoy or exasperate Both senses first appeared in theearly 17th century at almost the same time the corresponding two senses of thenoun aggravation also appeared then Both senses of aggravate and aggravation
have been standard since then[4] Chambers cites this usage as colloquial andthat it is well established especially in spoken English although it is sometimesregarded as incorrect[5]
o Disputed usage Its the endless wait for luggage that aggravates me the
most about air travelo Undisputed usage Being hit on the head by a falling brick aggravated my
already painful headache
bull aint ndash originally a contraction of am not this word is widely used as areplacement for arent isnt havent and hasnt as well While aint hasexisted in the English language for a very long time and it is a common normalword in many dialects in both North America and the British Isles it is not a partof standard English and its use in formal writing is not recommended by mostusage commentators Its unselfconscious use in speech may tend to mark thespeaker as uneducated Nevertheless aint is used by educated speakers and
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 1841
writers for deliberate effect what Oxford American Dictionary describes astongue-in-cheek or reverse snobbery and what Merriam-Webster Collegiate
calls emphatic effect or a consistently informal style[6]
bull alibi ndash Some prescriptivists argue this cannot be used in the non-legal sense of
an explanation or excuse to avoid blame or justify action AHD4 notes that thisusage was acceptable to almost half[7] of the Usage Panel while most opposedthe words use as a verb M-W mentions no usage problems listing the disputedmeaning second to its legal sense without comment OED cites the non-legal nounand verb usages as colloquial and orig[inally] US[8] Chambers deems this usecolloquial[9]
bull alright ndash An alternate to all right that some consider illiterate but others allowRH says that it probably arose in analogy with other similar words such asaltogether and already it does concede the use in writing as informal and thatall right is used in more formal edited writing[10] AHD4 flags alright as
nonstandard
[11]
and comments that this unacceptance (compared to altogether etc) is peculiar and may be due to its relative recentness (altogether andalready date back to the Middle Ages alright only a little over a century)[12]
Chambers refers to varying levels of formality of all right deeming alright to bemore casual it recommends the use of all right in writing for readers who are precise about the use of language[13]
bull also ndash Some prescriptivists contend this word should not be used to begin asentence AHD4 says 63 percent of the Usage Panel found acceptable theexample The warranty covers all power-train components Also participating dealers back their work with a free lifetime service guarantee[14] See also and amp
but below
bull alternate ndash In British English this adjective means according to OED and other sources switching between two options or similar It does not mean the same asalternative (see next) which OED specifically marks as an American meaning of alternate In international English it is thus thought better to observe the Britishdistinction then the meanings of alternative and alternate will be clear toeveryone (See meanings given at M-W the same applies to the adverbsalternately and alternatively)
bull alternative ndash Some prescriptivists argue that alternative should be used onlywhen the number of choices involved is exactly two While AHD4 allows thewords longstanding use to mean one of a number of things from which only onecan be chosen and the acceptance of this usage by many language critics it goeson to state that only 49 of its Usage panel approves of its use as in Of the threealternatives the first is the least distasteful[15] Neither M-W[16] nor RH[17]
mentions any such restriction to a choice of two Chambers qualifies its definitionas referring to strictly speaking two but often used of more than two possibilities[18]
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bull ampm ndash These are Latin abbreviations for the adverbial phrases antemeridiem (before noon) and post meridiem (after noon) Some prescriptivistsargue that they thus should not be used in English as nouns meaning morningand afternoon however such use is consistent with ordinary nominalizationfeatures of English AHD4 lists adjectival usage with an AM appointment [19]
and a PM appointment[20]
RH gives Shall we meet Saturday am[19]
withoutcomment it gives no corresponding example at pm so that usage can only beextrapolated Also the National Institute of Standards and Technology (nd)contends it is incorrect to use 12 am or 12 pm to mean either noon or midnight
bull amongamongst and between ndash The traditionalist view is that between shouldonly be used when there are only two objects for comparison and among or amongst should be used for more than two objects Most style guides anddictionaries do not support this advice saying that between can be used to refer tosomething that is in the time space or interval that separates more than two itemsM-W says that the idea that between can be used only of two items is persistent
but unfounded
[21]
and AHD4 calls it a widely repeated but unjustified tradition[22] The OED says In all senses between has been from its earliest appearanceextended to more than two[23] Chambers says It is acceptable to use between
with reference to more than two people or things although does state that among
may be more appropriate in some circumstances[24] o Undisputed usage I parked my car between the two telegraph poles
o Undisputed usage Youll find my brain between my ears
o Disputed usage The duck swam between the reeds
o Disputed usage They searched the area between the river the farmhouse
and the woodso Undisputed usage We shared the money evenly amongst the three of us
o
Disputed usage We shared the money between Tom Dick and meo Undisputed usage My house was built among the gum trees
bull amount ndash Some prescriptivists argue amount should not be substituted for number They recommend the use of number if the thing referred to is countableand amount only if it is uncountable While RH acknowledges the traditionaldistinction between amount and number it mentions that [a]lthough objected tothe use of amount instead of number with countable nouns occurs in both speechand writing especially when the noun can be considered as a unit or group (theamount of people present the amount of weapons) or when it refers to money(the amount of dollars paid the amount of pennies in the till)[25] (see also less)
o
Disputed usage I was amazed by the amount of people who visited mywebsite (With knowledge of the exact number)o Undisputed usage The number of people in the lift must not exceed 10
o Undisputed usage I was unimpressed by the amount of water consumed
by the elephant
bull and ndash Some prescriptivists argue that sentences should not begin with the wordand on the argument that as a conjunction it should only join clauses within a
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sentence AHD4 states that this stricture has been ridiculed by grammarians for decades and ignored by writers from Shakespeare to Joyce Carol Oates[26] RHstates Both and and but and to a lesser extent or and so are common astransitional words at the beginnings of sentences in all types of speech andwriting it goes on to suggest that opposition to this usage probably stems from
the overuse of such sentences by inexperienced writers[27]
ENCARTA opinesthat said opposition comes from too literal an understanding of the joiningfunction of conjunctions and states that any overuse is a matter of poor style notgrammatical correctness[28] COED calls the usage quite acceptable[29] Manyverses of the King James Bible begin with and as does William Blakes poem And did those feet in ancient time (aka Jerusalem) Fowlers Modern EnglishUsage defends this use of and Chambers states that Although it is sometimesregarded as poor style it is not ungrammatical to begin a sentence with and [30]
See also also above and but below
bull anxious ndash Some prescriptivists argue that this word should only be used in the
sense of worried or worrisome (compare anxiety) but it has been used inthe sense of eager for over 250 years 52 of AHD4s Usage Panel accepts itsuse in the sentence We are anxious to see the new show of contemporarysculpture at the museum Also it suggests that the use of anxious to mean eager
may be mild hyperbole as the use of dying in the sentence Im dying to see your new baby[31] RH states bluntly that its use in the sense of eageris fullystandard[32] M-W defines anxious as 3 ardently or earnestly wishing ltanxiousto learn moregt synonym see EAGER[33] Chambers gives 3 very eager bullanxious to do well[34]
[edit] B
bull barbaric and barbarous mdash Barbaric applies to the culture of barbarians and may be positive (barbaric splendor) barbarous applies to the behavior of barbariansand is negative (barbarous cruelty) This is standard English usage HoweverM-W equates the third meaning of barbaric with the third of barbarous thatis mercilessly harsh or cruel[35] COD11 and Chambers list savagely cruel andcruel and brutal excessively harsh or vicious[36] respectively as the first
meanings for barbaric Only AHD4 disallows this usage and without comment[37]
o Undisputed The environment of the venue was barbaric
o Undisputed Terrorism is barbarous
o Disputed Capital punishment is a disgusting barbaric measure
bull begging the question In logic begging the question is another term for petitio
principii or arguing in a circle in other words making assumptions in advanceabout the very issue in dispute Now often used to mean simply leading to thequestion
o Undisputed You argue that Christianity must be true because the Bible
says so Isnt that begging the question
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o Disputed You want to go to the theatre That begs the question which day
we should go
bull but ndash Some prescriptivists argue that if and should not be used to begin sentencesthen neither should but These words are both conjunctions thus they believe that
they should be used only to link clauses within a sentence AHD4 states that itmay be used to begin a sentence at all levels of style [38]
[edit] C
bull can and may ndash Some prescriptivists argue that can refers to possibility and may
refers to permission and insist on maintaining this distinction although usage of can to refer to permission is pervasive in spoken and very frequent in writtenEnglish M-W notes Can and may are most frequently interchangeable in sensesdenoting possibility because the possibility of ones doing something may (or can) depend on anothers acquiescence they have also become interchangeable in
the sense denoting permission The use of can to ask or grant permission has beencommon since the 19th century and is well established although somecommentators feel may is more appropriate in formal contexts May is relativelyrare in negative constructions (maynt is not common) cannot and cant are usualin such contexts[39] AHD4 echoes this sentiment of formality noting that only21 of the Usage Panel accepted can in the example Can I take another week tosubmit the application[40] For its part OED labels the use of can for may ascolloquial[41]
bull comprise ndash Comprise means to consist of A second meaning to compose or constitute is sometimes attacked by usage writers However it is supported as
sense 3 along with a usage note in M-W[42] and although AHD4 notes the usageas a usage problem its usage note says Our surveys show that opposition tothis usage is abating In the 1960s 53 percent of the Usage Panel found this usageunacceptable in 1996 only 35 percent objected[43]
o Undisputed usage The English Wikipedia comprises more than two
million articleso Disputed usage The English Wikipedia comprises of more than two
million articleso Disputed usage The English Wikipedia is comprised of more than two
million articleso Disputed usage More than two million articles comprise the English
Wikipediao Disputed usage Diatoms comprise more than 70 of all phytoplankton
o Undisputed usage Diatoms constitute more than 70 of all
phytoplanktono Disputed usage Those in the industry have mostly scoffed at the young
inexperienced Carter and the rest of the high school pals that comprise thecompany[44]
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Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] D
bull deprecate ndash The original meaning in English is deplore or express disapproval
of (the Latin from which the word derives means pray to avert evil suggestingthat some event would be a calamity) The word is now also used to mean playdown belittle or devalue a shift that some prescriptivists disapprove of as itsuggests the word is being confused with the similar word depreciate in factAHD4 states that in this sense deprecate has almost completely supplanteddepreciate however a majority of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved thissense[45] Its use with the approximate meaning to declare obsolete in computer jargon is also sometimes condemned
bull diagnose ndash Cochrane (2004) states that to diagnose [someone] with a disease isan incorrect usage of the verb diagnose which takes the physician as subject and
a disease as object (eg to diagnose cancer) In American English according toAHD4[46] and M-W[47] the sense of diagnose [someone] with a disease is listedwithout comment or tag however for its part RH does not list such a usage withor without comment For British English COD11 offers identify the medicalcondition of (someone) she was diagnosed as having epilepsy (2004) this usagehowever did not appear in editions as recently as the 1990s Chambers does notoffer this sense at all[48]
o Disputed usage Mr Smith was diagnosed with diabetes
o Undisputed usage The doctor diagnosed diabetes
bull different ndash Standard usage in both Britain and America is different from (on the
analogy of to differ from) In Britain this competes with different to (coinedon the analogy of similar to) In America it competes with different than(coined on the analogy of other than) Different to is also found in IrishAustralian and New Zealand English
o Undisputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different
from the Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different to the
Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different than
the British
bull disinterested ndash Standard usage is as a word for unbiased but some have alsorendered it synonymous with uninterested or apathetic
o Undisputed usage As their mutual best friend I tried to remain
disinterested in their argument so as not to anger eithero Disputed usage The key to attracting a member of the opposite sex is to
balance between giving attention to him or her and appearingdisinterested
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bull due to ndash The adjectival use of due to is undisputed Its adverbial use howeverhas been a subject of dispute for many years as witnessed by several (especiallyUS) dictionary usage notes that in the end designate it as standard WilliamStrunk in his Elements of style labelled the disputed adverbial use of due to asincorrect [49] Although the first (1926) edition of FOWLER condemned the
adverbial use as common only among the illiterate the third (1996) editionsaid Opinion remains sharply divided but it begins to look as if this use of due
to will form part of the natural language of the 21C as one more example of aforgotten battle Due to is frequently used in place of from for with of because
of and other prepositions Undisputed synonyms for due to are caused by andattributable to
o Disputed usage He died due to cancer (He died of cancer)
o Disputed usage Due to the end of the Second War circumstances altered
profoundly (With the end of the Second War circumstances altered profoundly)
o Disputed usage The project failed due to lack of funds (The project
failed for lack of funds) o Undisputed usage His death was due to cancer
o Undisputed usage Many thought the problem was due to mismanagement
[edit] E
bull enormity ndash Frequently used as a synonym for enormousness or immensity but traditionally means extreme wickedness According to AHD4 thisdistinction has not always occurred historically but is now supported by 59 of the dictionarys Usage Panel[50] COD11 states that enormity as a synonym for hugeness is now broadly accepted as standard English Although Chambers lists
immenseness or vastness as a meaning it says it should not be used in thatsense commenting that it is encountered often because the word enormousness isawkward it recommends using instead another word such as hugeness greatness etc[51]
o Disputed usage The enormity of the elephant astounded me
o Traditional usage The enormity of Stalins purges astounds me
[edit] F
bull farther and further ndash Many prescriptivists adhere to the rule that farther only
should refer to matters of physical distance or position while further should bereserved for usages involving time or degree (as well as undisputed descriptionsof moreover and in addition)
o Disputed usage San Jose is further from LA than Santa Barbara
o Disputed usage LA was a couple hours farther from home than I
expectedo Disputed usage If her fever increases any farther I will call the doctor
o Undisputed usage I would like to discuss the issue further at a later time
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bull fortuitously ndash Used by some interchangeably with fortunately strictly speaking fortuitousness is a reference to an occurrence depending on chance M-W notesthat use of the word in sense of fortunate has been in standard use for at least 70years and notes that the sense of coming or happening by a lucky chance isvirtually unnoticed by usage critics[52][clarification needed ]
[edit] G
bull gender ndash Gender is often used interchangeably with sex in the sense of the biological or social quality male and female It is never used to refer to sexualintercourse
o Gender traditionally refers to grammatical gender a feature in the
grammar of a number of different languages Some prescriptivists arguethat its use as a euphemism for sex is to be avoided as a genteelismFowler (p 211) says it is used either as a jocularityor a blunder
o Sex and gender can be used in different but related senses with sex
referring to biological characteristics and gender to social roles andexpectations based on sex Use of gender as interchangeable with or as areplacement for sex may confuse readers who draw this distinction See
gender identity gender role
[edit] H
bull hoi polloi ndash The question surrounding hoi polloi is whether it is appropriate to usethe article the preceding the phrase it arises because hoi is the Greek word for the in the phrase and classical purists complain that adding the makes the phrase
redundant the the common people Foreign phrases borrowed into English areoften reanalyzed as single grammatical units requiring an English article inappropriate contexts AHD4 says The Arabic element al- means the andappears in English nouns such as alcohol and alchemy Thus since no one wouldconsider a phrase such as the alcohol to be redundant criticizing the hoi polloi onsimilar grounds seems pedantic[53]
bull hopefully ndash Some prescriptivists argue this word should not be used as anexpression of confidence in an outcome however M-W classes hopefully withother words such as interestingly frankly and unfortunately (which areunremarkably used in a similar way) as disjuncts and describes this usage as
entirely standard
[54]
AHD4 however notes that opposition to this usage by their usage panels has grown from 56 to 73 despite support for similar disjuncts(such as 60 support for the use of mercifully in Mercifully the game ended before the opponents could add another touchdown to the lopsided score) AHD4opines that this opposition is not to the use of these adverbs in general but thatthis use of hopefully has become a shibboleth[55] OED lists this usage withoutany colloquial or other label other than to say Avoided by many writers[56]
See also the discussion of hopefully as a dangling modifier One investigation in
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modern corpora on Language Log revealed that outside fiction where it stillrepresents 40 of all uses (the other qualifying primarily speech and gazes)disjunct uses account for the vast majority (over 90) of all uses of the word[57]
o Disputed usage Hopefully Ill get that scholarship
o Undisputed usage The prisoner thought hopefully about the prospect for
escape when he realized the guards accidentally left his cell unlocked
Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] L
bull less ndash Some prescriptivists argue that less should not be substituted for fewer Merriam-Webster notes The traditional view is that less applies to matters of degree value or amount and modifies collective nouns mass nouns or nounsdenoting an abstract whole while fewer applies to matters of number and modifies plural nouns Less has been used to modify plural nouns since the days of King
Alfred and the usage though roundly decried appears to be increasing Less ismore likely than fewer to modify plural nouns when distances sums of moneyand a few fixed phrases are involved ltless than 100 milesgt ltan investment of less
than $2000gt ltin 25 words or lessgt and as likely as fewer to modify periods of time ltin less (or fewer ) than four hoursgt[58]
o Disputed usage This lane 12 items or less
o Undisputed usage We had fewer players on the team this season
o Undisputed usage There is less water in the tank now
bull like and as ndash Some prescriptivists object to the use of like as a conjunction statingit is rather a preposition and that only as would be appropriate in this
circumstance M-W however cites likes use as a conjunction as standard sincethe 14th century and opines that opposition to it is perhaps more heated thanrational (see M-Ws entry like [7 conjunction]) AHD4 says Writers sinceChaucers time have used like as a conjunction but 19th-century and 20th-centurycritics have been so vehement in their condemnations of this usage that a writer who uses the construction in formal style risks being accused of illiteracy or worse and recommends using as in formal speech and writing[59] OED does nottag it as colloquial or nonstandard but notes Used as conj[unction] = like asas Now generally condemned as vulgar or slovenly though examples may befound in many recent writers of standing[60] Chambers lists the conjunctive useas colloquial[61]
o Undisputed usage He is an American as am Io Undisputed usage He is an American like me
o Undisputed usage It looks as if this play will be a flop
o Undisputed usage This play looks like a flop
o Disputed usage He is an American like I am
o Disputed usage It looks like this play will be a flop
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bull literally ndash Some prescriptivists argue literally should not be used as a mereemphatic unless the thing to which it refers is actually true It is used todisambiguate a possible metaphorical interpretation of a phrase M-W does notcondemn the second use which means in effect or virtually but says the useis pure hyperbole intended to gain emphasis but it often appears in contexts
where no additional emphasis is necessary[62]
o Disputed usage The party literally went with a bang (No it did not
unless there was an actual loud noise)o Undisputed usage I literally ran more than 25 miles today I ran a
marathon
bull loan ndash The use of loan as a verb meaning to give out a loan is disputed withlend being preferred for the verb form AHD4 flatly states [t]he verb loan is wellestablished in American usage and cannot be considered incorrect[63] M-W statesloan is entirely standard as a verb[64] RH says Sometimes mistakenlyidentified as an Americanism loan as a verb meaning to lend has been used in
English for nearly 800 years it further states that objections to this use arecomparatively recent[65] Chambers defines the verb loan as to lend (especiallymoney)[66] OED merely states Now chiefly US[67] and COD11 includes themeaning without tag or comment
o Undisputed usage I lent him some money
o Undisputed usage Fill out the paperwork for a loan
o Disputed usage I loaned him some money
[edit] M
bull may and might ndash May should only be used where the event in question is still
possible not for something that was possible in the past or for a hypothetical present possibility Might is properly the past tense form of may (In similar fashion could should and would are all past tense forms for can shalland will respectively)
o Undisputed usage My brother may have gone to China last week
( perhaps he did )o Disputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother may have gone
to China last week (but he didnt )o Undisputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother might have
gone to China last weeko Disputed usage He thought it may be true (but it wasnt )
o Undisputed usage He thought it might be true
bull meet ndash Some prescriptivists state that as a transitive verb in the context to cometogether by chance or arrangement meet (as in meet (someone)) does not requirea preposition between verb and object the phrase meet with (someone) is deemedincorrect Chambers flags this usage US[68] RH allows it in the sense of to joinas for conference or instruction I met with her an hour a day until we solved the problem[69] On the other hand none of M-W AHD4 or COD11 entertains this
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usage NOTE In the sense of fulfilling prerequisites or criteria (We met with theentry requirements) or that of encountering (Our suggestions may meet with
opposition the soldiers met with machine-gun fire) the verb phrase meet with isnot in dispute
o Disputed usage I will meet with you tonight
o
Undisputed usage I will meet you tonight
bull momentarily ndash Traditionally momentarily means for a moment but its use tomean in a moment is sometimes disputed M-W[70] and RH[71] give this latter usage a standard entry without comment while OED[72] and Chambers[73] tag itNAmer AHD4 has a usage note indicating that 59 of their Usage Paneldeems this usage unacceptable[74]
o Disputed usage Your feature presentation will begin momentarily
o Undisputed usage The flash from the atom bomb momentarily lit up the
night sky
[edit] N
bull nauseous ndash Traditionally nauseous means causing nausea (synonymous withnauseating) it is commonly used now as a synonym for queasy that ishaving the feeling of nausea AHD4 notes the traditional view stating that 72 of the Usage Panel preferred nauseated over nauseous to mean affected withnausea however 88 of that same panel preferred nauseating to nauseous tomean causing nausea in other words a maximum of only 28 prefersnauseous in either case It also states that in common usage nauseous issynonymous with nauseated but deems this usage incorrect[75] M-W howeverasserts that [t]hose who insist that nauseous is an error for nauseated are
mistaken[76] Both M-W and AHD4 accept that nauseous is supplantingnauseated for feeling nausea and in turn being replaced by nauseating for causing nausea in general usage they only differ on the correctness of thechange RH states The two literal senses of nauseous [] appear in English atalmost the same time in the early 17th century and both senses are in standard useat the present time Nauseous is more common than nauseated in the senseaffected with nausea despite recent objections by those who imagine the sense to be new[77] CHAMBERS lists the sense of causing nausea first and affected withnausea second[78] while COD11 gives the affliction first and causation second both dictionaries list the entries without comment OED goes further tagging itsnauseated usage as Orig[inally] US but demoted its nauseating usage to
literary OED also notes that the original (now obsolete) sense of the word inEnglish was inclined to sickness or nausea squeamish[79] Curiously this oldestseventeenth-century meaning (inclined to nausea) while distinct from thedisputed twentieth-century usage (afflicted by nausea) more closely resemblesthe latter than it does the prescribed meaning (causing nausea)
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseous
o Disputed usage That smell is making me nauseous
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseating
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future tense (The supervisor will be back presently)[80] M-W mentions the samevintage for the sense of now and that it is not clear why it is objectionable[81]
AHD4 states that despite its use nowadays in literate speech and writing thatthere is still lingering prejudice against this use In the late 1980s only 50 of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved of the sentence General Walters is hellip
presently the United States Ambassador to the United Nations[82]
COD11 lists both usages without comment CHAMBERS merely flags the sense of now asN Amer especially US[83]
o Disputed usage I am presently reading Wikipedia
o Undisputed usage I will be finished with that activity presently
[edit] R
bull refute ndash The traditional meaning of refute is disprove or dispel with reasoned
arguments It is now often used as a synonym for deny The latter sense islisted without comment by M-W[84] and AHD4[85] while CHAMBERS tags it ascolloquial[86] COD11 states that Traditionalists object to [the use of refute asdeny] but it is now widely accepted in standard English However RH does notmention this use at all[87]
bull relatively ndash Literally meaning compared to some now use relatively to meanmoderately or somewhat AHD4 does not list this usage at all [88] M-W hasapparently blended the two usages in one[89]
o Disputed usage That man was relatively annoying
o Undisputed usage Though relatively harmless when compared to
dimethylmercury mercury (II) oxide is still quite toxic
[edit] S
bull Scotch Scots and Scottish ndash Formerly English people used Scotch whereScottish people used Scottish The current convention is as follows
o Scottish for people
o Scotch for things (especially whisky)
o Scots for institutions (Scots law Scots language)
bull
seek ndash This means look for but is used to mean try or want This usage iscriticised by Fowler in the entry Formal Words
o Disputed usage we did seek to resolve the Iraq crisis by peaceful
means those who seek to emulate his legacy of murder the Liberalsseek to undermine that future[attribution needed ]
o Undisputed usage Seek and ye shall find
[edit] T
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bull than mdash Than is the subject of a longstanding dispute as to its status as a preposition or conjunction see than For the disputed construction different thansee Different
bull they mdash Prescriptivists regard this as a plural pronoun that uses a third person
plural verb conjugation (see below they show) but the word is now commonlyused especially in speech and informal writing as a non-gender-specific third- person singular pronoun (which modern English otherwise lacks) Alternativesinclude he or she and generic he Some writers argue that generic he isgeneric (as the name implies) and thus includes both sexes Others find it sexist or too old-fashioned The pronouns you or one can be used in some sentences
o Disputed usage A person is rude if they show no respect for their hosts
o Undisputed usage One is rude if one shows no respect for ones hosts
o Undisputed usage It is rude not to show respect for hosts
o Undisputed usage Many people have told me that they are satisfied with
their food
bull thusly mdash Thusly (AHD4 suggests) was originally coined by educated writers tomake fun of uneducated persons trying to sound genteel[90] Thusly howeverdiffused into popular usage Some people accept it as an adverb in its own rightwhile others believe thus should be used in all cases The word thusly appearswith no associated usage notes in M-W[91] COD11 tags it as informal with theentry thus tagged as literary or formal CHAMBERS does not list the word atall and it is unknown in British usage[92]
[edit] U
bull unique ndash Some prescriptivists argue that unique only means sole or unequaled (British spelling unequalled) but most dictionaries give a thirdmeaning unusual which can be qualified by very or somewhat as in Thetheme of the party was somewhat unique see comparison Almost unique isuniversally acceptable[citation needed ]
[edit] W
bull
whilst and while mdash Penguin Working Words recommends while only and notesthat whilst is old-fashioned Cambridge Guide to English Usage and M-WsWebsters Guide to English Usage comment on its regional character and notethat it is rare in American usage It is thus safer to use only while in internationalEnglish (See the article While for further sources deprecating the use of whilst and cautioning about uses of while)
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bull who mdash Some prescriptivists argue that who should be used only as a subject pronoun the corresponding object pronoun being whom Strictly speakingusing who instead of whom is substituting a subjective pronoun for an objective pronoun and hence is the same as using she instead of her (eg I talked to she
today) Most people never use whom in spoken English and instead use who for
all cases Those who use whom in everyday speech may recognize substitution of who as substandard FOWLER has an extensive entry on who and whom
including several quotes from major publications where whom is used incorrectlyo Undisputed usage You are talking to whom
o Disputed usage You are talking to who
o Undisputed usage To whom are you talking
o Disputed usage To who are you talking
o Disputed usage far more hostile to Diana whom she believes betrayed
the Prince of WalesmdashIndependent Mag 1993 (FOWLER)o Undisputed usage far more hostile to Diana who she believes betrayed
the Prince of Wales
o Disputed usage Whom do men say that I am (Mark 927 King JamesVersion)
bull whoever mdash This extension of who (see above) along with its object formwhomever is attended by the same uncertainties as who along with whom and isdiscussed in the same sources (See the relevant section at Who)
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever wants it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever you think should have it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whomever you choose to give it
o Disputed usage Give it to whoever you choose to give it to
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever wants it
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever you think should have it
Module - Pair work - Asking questions to yourpartner
Hey
with Group 2 we first talked a little about food at the beginning of the class as awarm up And here is what we said
to be written by Franc
Then today was the first day that we worked in pairs You had to find informationabout superhero characters asking questions to your partner
Here are the two worksheets if you still need to complete them
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW you need to be able to speak about the picture of a super hero + speak about
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their story + give the common points between all the super heroes presented Yourpresentation will last about 3 to 5 minutes You can send me some drafts (brouillon)if neededBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - Tale LV2
Southern Trees - beginning of the study
Hey
today we first warmed up about your future jobs while waiting for those who werelate Here is what you said
I would like to become an architect when I leave highschool (Selma)I want to study law to be a lawyer maybe ( Jeacuterocircme)
Structures WANT TO WOULD LIKE TO -- Attention aux noms de meacutetiers quisont preacuteceacutedeacutes de larticle aan
Then we did a quick recap about what Jim Crow laws used to be Here is what wesaid
bull Jim Crow Laws
These were laws about racial segregation until the end of the 1960sBlacks were not allowed to go to school with Whites
Blacks were not allowed to attend school with WhitesBlacks were forbidden to live together there were separate water
fountains rest rooms or entrances at restaurantsThey were prohibited to sit at the front of a bus
bull KKK(1865-)
white Protestantssupremacy of the white race
white costumesterrorism and violence to oppress Blacks
Finally we listened to the text and we started our general comprehesion by
highlighting the important information about the type of document the places thetime Here is what we wrote
bull Text Southern Trees
- type of doc extract from the autobiographic novel of Billie Holliday- who Billie Holliday Lewis Allen piano player of Billie Pop audience bitch
- where in New-York at Cafe Society on 52nd Street Miami Los Angeles
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- when published in 1956
HW you need to finish answering the usual wh- questions about the text (inparticular about the feelings of the characters involved) You also need to divide thetext into 2 parts give them a title and justify your titles
NB you will have a vocabulary test next week with the words from the lesson andthe words from the tool box p 53 You may also have a test about the text andabout racial discrimination in the US on Wednesday It will depend on how far we areinto the study of the document Southern TreesBy English Prof
Enter comment - View comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Spiderman - Page 3
This morning with the whole class we first warmed up with why I was a little late inclass Here is what we wrote
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
Then we studied the last page from Spiderman
There was a secretary for each person that spoke about a panel Here are the notesthat we took while they were speaking
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
HW you will be able to speak about the document at the beginning of the class in arow (dun seul trait )You can download the last page here
By English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Oral tests about picture presentation + Lastsuperhero activity in pair work
Hey
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today in module I asked you to speak about the picture p 152 that you had tocomment You need to improve your analysis Ill be asking other students next timeagain
Here is an example of presentation Its not perfect but its a rather good one
The document is a picture where there are two parts In the first part wecan see a white family at the bottom who is sitting in a garden They looksurprised and they are looking at the second family who feels happy and
impressed Contrary to the white family they are standing and clad with
their traditional dress Its a black family
To me the scene takes place in the USA and the goal of this picture is todenounce discrimination which treats people differently in society
The photographer aims at criticizing segregation In this photo theseparation is represented by the fence which is separating Africans from
Americans Segregation in the 20th century in America was when the Blacksand the Whites couldnt blend
To my mind this picture is a good representation of discrimination MartinLuther King and Rosa Park are the symbols of this conflict When I see somepeople wanted to change society and make people aware of these
inequalities through paintings photos speeches or parades Im grateful tothem
The picture attains its objective I like this photo because it denounces very
well the implicit problems of American society in the 20th century(by Rochella D)
Group 2 then we started a new activity about grammar on how to differentiatebetween Present Simple and Present Be + ing
You may download the documents hereyet to be uploaded
Group 1 Then we started a new activity that was initially designed by MissFernandes a colleague in the academy of Caen We first described the pictures of the superheroes
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW You need to finish the description of each picture and prepare the questions toask to your partner about the missing elements in your worksheetBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareMonday 16 november 2009
- Posted in For Fun
The Prisoner - New Series - Trailer
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A new American series that you will probably LOVE Here is the trailer Looks andsounds fantastic
Exprimer le conseil en anglais
Today after taking a test on Body beauty and body parts (phonetics included) wespoke about superstitions on Friday the 13th And we discovered that Jonathansgrand-ma was extremely supersticious and that some of you believed in supernaturalthings too like Juliette who thinks her mother can read her mind or Camille RL whois sure what she says sometimes comes true Beware of the other Camille T whohas got a black cat She is certainly a witch and she may transform us all intopiglets Just kidding of course )
Here is what we said about superstitions
Today is a special day
On Friday the 13th people who are superstitious believe something terribly
bad or something awesome will happen to them
Examples of supertisions- you shouldnt be 13 around a table
- you shouldnt walk under a ladder- you shouldnt meet a black cat
- you shouldnt break a mirror- you shouldnt celebrate a birthday before
- you should wear a rabbit leg- you shouldnt walk on a line in the street
- you shouldnt cross your legs- you should touch wood when you say something bad
- you shouldnt put hats or shoes on a bed- you shouldnt open your umbrella inside
- you shouldnt put the bread upside down
Remember to express advice there are 3 very simple structures
bull should shouldnt + V
bull had better had better not + V bull ought to ought not to + V
Chocircmage unemployment
Embaucher to hire
bull by + V+ ing au moyen de en + V+ ingbull to + V pour + V (le but)
leisure loisirshigh ndash loweacuteleveacute ndash bas
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ecirctre oblige de to have to + Vto lead to entraicircnerhuge immense= The work-week la semaine de travailIn France the 35 hours-work week was decided and implemented in the 1990rsquos by asocialist government ( Mrs Aubry)
Exercice de traduction 1) Les employeacutes doivent faire des heures suppleacutementairesEmployees must do long hoursEmployees have to do long hours2) Il y a de nombreuses faccedilons de trouver du travailThere are a lot of ways to find work3) Lrsquoimmense augmentation des reacuteseaux sociaux permettent aux gens decommuniquer drsquoavantageThe huge increase of social networks enables people to communicate more4) Le travail suppleacutementaire entraicircne des problegravemes de santeacute pour les hommessurmeneacutes
bull Homebull Mail
bull Photos
bull Music
bull Games + Apps
bull More
o SMS Groups
o Sawaal
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Sign Up Sign In
Ask your Question in Exams Education amp References
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Home raquo Education raquo Exams Education ampReferences raquo Question
thornyuml
thornyuml
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I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i mDoing for Improve my english give me your best idea
Asked in Exams Education amp References at 1200 PM on October 09 2008
Tags english idea
This question is closedReport abuse
ntn jainProfile | QampA
Rate this 00
bull Latest Answers(4)
Sort by Latest | Oldest | Top-rated
English is best improved by practice and also by taking a small course to improve grammar and communication skillsThe key to practice is to read newspapers magazines and books almost regularly You can also start talking andexpressing yourself in English with your peers friends and (if possible) relatives
Writing in English is a good habit that will strengthen your expression skills as well In case you complete this all-round approach I am sure you will do well All the best
Answered by Idle Mind an ibibo Master at 409 PM on October 13 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Idle MindProfile | QampA
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you can
Answered by Rachana an ibibo Citizen at 106 PM on October 11 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
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RachanaProfile | QampA
well ntn
its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming
future n ways ntn some tips from my side that will help yu improve yu ur english are
i Observe the mouth movements of those who speak English well and try to imitate them
When you are watching television observe the mouth movements of the speakers Repeat what they are saying whileimitating the intonation and rhythm of their speech
ii Until you learn the correct intonation and rhythm of English slow your speech down
If you speak too quickly and with the wrong intonation and rhythm native speakers will have a hard timeunderstanding you
Dont worry about your listener getting impatient with your slow speech -- it is more important that everything you say be understood
iii Listen to the music of English
Do not use the music of your native language when you speak English Each language has its own way of singing
iv Use the dictionary
Try and familiarise yourself with the phonetic symbols of your dictionary Look up the correct pronunciation of wordsthat are hard for you to say
v Make a list of frequently used words that you find difficult to pronounce and ask someone who speaks the languagewell to pronounce them for you
Record these words listen to them and practice saying them Listen and read at the same time
vi Buy books on tape
Record yourself reading some sections of the book Compare the sound of your English with that of the person readingthe book on the tape
vii Pronounce the ending of each word
Pay special attention to S and ED endings This will help you strengthen the mouth muscles that you use when youspeak English
viii Read aloud in English for 15-20 minutes every day
Research has shown it takes about three months of daily practice to develop strong mouth muscles for speaking a newlanguage
ix Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation mistakes
Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice and avoid listening to themselves speak However this is a veryimportant exercise because doing it will help you become conscious of the mistakes you are making
x Be patient
You can change the way you speak but it wont happen overnight People often expect instant results and give up toosoon You can change the way you sound if you are willing to put some effort into it
GOOD LUCK
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Answered by Anant-- an ibibo Master at 133 PM on October 09 2008
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Anant--Profile | QampA
BEST WAY ACCORDING TO ME IS READ DAILY ENGLISH NEWSPAPER IF U COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY ONE OXFORD DICTIONARY AND REFER MEANINGS AND IFU COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY MEANINGS CONVERSION OF ENGLISH TO UR MOTHER TONGUE THIS MAY TAKESOME TIME THERE WILL BE SOME IMPROVEMENT IN JUST 1 MONTH BETTER READ HINDU OR TIMES OF INDIAALL THE BEST
Answered by gyaneshwar an ibibo Citizen at 1258 PM on October 09 2008
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gyaneshwar Profile | QampA
Related Search
Meri english bahot hi weak haimain apni english kaise strong kar sakta hoonkis tarah fluentlyenglish bol sakta hoon
dearthe simple way to improve you english is to particehave you ever heard of the saying Parctise makes a man perfect so even when you you commit mistake try to learn from the mistake and rectify themand simple start askingquestion to people in Englishand if you want yo learn english donot fell embrace in the front of anyone and alsotry to read TIMES OF INDIAN
Posted in Self Development by naqeeb ahmar at 758 PM on March 17 2008Tags meri english bahot weak apni kaise strong sakta tarah fluently hoon
how to improve english plese tell me
to compose simple sentences in your mind when you are alone Stick on the idea you want to convey rather than thegrammar Speak to the native English speakers if possible Chatt with those in internet SearchI dont know the level of your english if you have basics the fun way of learning are english comics cartoon network in english or any english
movies comics will help you in speaking good english
Posted in Love amp Romance by Shiva Singh at 1015 PM on September 24 2008Tags improve english plese
How can i improve my Enlish speaking and writing both
their meanings and use them in your convesationListen to english newsFor writing read the books on letters essaysand storiesslowly you will get the idea of using english in your convenienceFinally findDear Ashok It is good you
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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want to improve your English First and foremost thing you need is YOU All you need to do is give quality time notthe quantity Do make a conscious effort and smart work
Posted in Self Development by ashok sharma at 626 AM on October 14 2008Tags improve enlish writing
how to use GPRS in china made mob prince A960
here most of gprs settings for most of mobile service operator India to enter in your phone mannulay Here you havemanual gprs settings for vodafone hutch idea airtel bsnl airtel live airtel mobile you can enter in your phone andconfigure mannuallyManual Idea gprs Settings1 Account Name - ideaGPRS2 Username - leave Blank3 Password -leave Blank4 Homepage - httpwapideafreshcom5
Posted in Computers amp Technology by vivek soni at 145 AM on June 13 2008Tags gprs help china mad mob
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i m Doing for Improve my englishgive me your best idea
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the
pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you canwell ntn its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming future n ways ntn some tips from my sidethat will help yu improve yu ur english are i Observe
Posted in Exams Education amp References by ntn jain at 939 PM on October 13 2008Tags want improve english improve best
what is html
they want Text is what you will use English letters just like you use everyday Markup is what you will do You willwrite in plain English and then mark up what you wrote Language Some may argue that technically html is a code
but you write html in plain everyday English languageHi RockyHTML is the code behind your webpage and is whatyour browser looks for to display a webpage the way the webdesigner
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Rocky at 258 PM on May 07 2008Tags html
how I improve my english speech
and be confidentYOU CAN DOWNLOAD A LOT OF SOFTWARES FROM INTERNET IT REALLY HELPSAND ANOTHER IDEA IS TO WATCH ENGLISH CHANNELS LIKE METRO NATION NDTV GOOD TIMESAND DONT FORGET TO WATCH NDTV DISCUSSIONSget to c more english movie join times classes on english
they improvise a lotEnglish can be improved by reading booksnewspaper by discussionsThese are certain tips toimprove english
Posted in Counselling by sagar gawde at 803 PM on February 14 2008Tags improve english speech
What is the best way to enhance skills in English Which is most best website which can help tolearn English from basic to a very high class
will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin thinking in English Listening to Native Speakers as Much asPossible is the good idea to enhance your English language skills Here are someFirst of all be motivated become a
person who likes to learn English Using as many different sources methods and tools as possible will allow you tolearn faster There are many different ways
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Posted in Self Development by RAVINDRA at 644 PM on October 03 2008Tags best enhance skills website help learn english basic high
Who created the first mouse
to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThe first marketed integrated mouseshipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came from the resemblance of earlymodels which had a cord attached to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThefirst marketed integrated mouse shipped as a part
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Aryan Gusain at 212 PM on July 02 2008Tags created first mouse
Do you have any idea for FRANKLYN INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGE Its a spoken English Institutewhich gives Job Guarantee if anyone knows plz let me know
190A Maniktolla Main Road Kolkata-54 phone no 91-33-32401558 91-33-32428200 frankylnkkghotmailcomhi poonamur question gives an idea dat ur command on english is nt poor why u r lookingYou have heard rightFRANKLYN offers spoken english courses and there is also a lot of students pursuing courses there
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull wont and wont Wont is a contraction for will not while wont is a wordmeaning accustomed or inclined to (as an adjective) or habit or custom (as anoun)
o Standard He wont let me drive his car
o Standard He spent the morning reading as he was wont to do
o Standard He took a walk in the evening as was his wonto Non-standard I wont need to go to the supermarket after all
bull youre and your While they sound the same in many dialects in standard writtenEnglish they have separate meanings Youre is a contraction for you are and your is a possessive pronoun meaning belonging to you When in doubt just seewhether the word in question can logically be expanded to you are
o Standard When driving always wear your seatbelt
o Standard If youre going out please be home by ten oclock
o Non-standard Youre mother called this morning
o Non-standard Your the first person to notice my new haircut today
bull aggravate ndash Some prescriptivists have argued that this word should not be used inthe sense of to annoy or to oppress but only to mean to make worseHowever this proscription against to annoy is not rooted in history Accordingto AHDI the annoy usage occurs in English as far back as the 17th centuryfurthermore in Latin from which the word was borrowed both meanings wereused[1] Sixty-eight percent of AHD4s Usage Panel approves of its use in Its theendless wait for luggage that aggravates me the most about air travel [2] M-Wmentions that while aggravate in the sense of to rouse to displeasure or anger byusually persistent and often petty goading has been around since the 17thcentury disapproval of that usage only appeared around 1870[3] RH states in its
usage note under aggravate that The two most common senses of aggravate areto make worse and to annoy or exasperate Both senses first appeared in theearly 17th century at almost the same time the corresponding two senses of thenoun aggravation also appeared then Both senses of aggravate and aggravation
have been standard since then[4] Chambers cites this usage as colloquial andthat it is well established especially in spoken English although it is sometimesregarded as incorrect[5]
o Disputed usage Its the endless wait for luggage that aggravates me the
most about air travelo Undisputed usage Being hit on the head by a falling brick aggravated my
already painful headache
bull aint ndash originally a contraction of am not this word is widely used as areplacement for arent isnt havent and hasnt as well While aint hasexisted in the English language for a very long time and it is a common normalword in many dialects in both North America and the British Isles it is not a partof standard English and its use in formal writing is not recommended by mostusage commentators Its unselfconscious use in speech may tend to mark thespeaker as uneducated Nevertheless aint is used by educated speakers and
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 1841
writers for deliberate effect what Oxford American Dictionary describes astongue-in-cheek or reverse snobbery and what Merriam-Webster Collegiate
calls emphatic effect or a consistently informal style[6]
bull alibi ndash Some prescriptivists argue this cannot be used in the non-legal sense of
an explanation or excuse to avoid blame or justify action AHD4 notes that thisusage was acceptable to almost half[7] of the Usage Panel while most opposedthe words use as a verb M-W mentions no usage problems listing the disputedmeaning second to its legal sense without comment OED cites the non-legal nounand verb usages as colloquial and orig[inally] US[8] Chambers deems this usecolloquial[9]
bull alright ndash An alternate to all right that some consider illiterate but others allowRH says that it probably arose in analogy with other similar words such asaltogether and already it does concede the use in writing as informal and thatall right is used in more formal edited writing[10] AHD4 flags alright as
nonstandard
[11]
and comments that this unacceptance (compared to altogether etc) is peculiar and may be due to its relative recentness (altogether andalready date back to the Middle Ages alright only a little over a century)[12]
Chambers refers to varying levels of formality of all right deeming alright to bemore casual it recommends the use of all right in writing for readers who are precise about the use of language[13]
bull also ndash Some prescriptivists contend this word should not be used to begin asentence AHD4 says 63 percent of the Usage Panel found acceptable theexample The warranty covers all power-train components Also participating dealers back their work with a free lifetime service guarantee[14] See also and amp
but below
bull alternate ndash In British English this adjective means according to OED and other sources switching between two options or similar It does not mean the same asalternative (see next) which OED specifically marks as an American meaning of alternate In international English it is thus thought better to observe the Britishdistinction then the meanings of alternative and alternate will be clear toeveryone (See meanings given at M-W the same applies to the adverbsalternately and alternatively)
bull alternative ndash Some prescriptivists argue that alternative should be used onlywhen the number of choices involved is exactly two While AHD4 allows thewords longstanding use to mean one of a number of things from which only onecan be chosen and the acceptance of this usage by many language critics it goeson to state that only 49 of its Usage panel approves of its use as in Of the threealternatives the first is the least distasteful[15] Neither M-W[16] nor RH[17]
mentions any such restriction to a choice of two Chambers qualifies its definitionas referring to strictly speaking two but often used of more than two possibilities[18]
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 1941
bull ampm ndash These are Latin abbreviations for the adverbial phrases antemeridiem (before noon) and post meridiem (after noon) Some prescriptivistsargue that they thus should not be used in English as nouns meaning morningand afternoon however such use is consistent with ordinary nominalizationfeatures of English AHD4 lists adjectival usage with an AM appointment [19]
and a PM appointment[20]
RH gives Shall we meet Saturday am[19]
withoutcomment it gives no corresponding example at pm so that usage can only beextrapolated Also the National Institute of Standards and Technology (nd)contends it is incorrect to use 12 am or 12 pm to mean either noon or midnight
bull amongamongst and between ndash The traditionalist view is that between shouldonly be used when there are only two objects for comparison and among or amongst should be used for more than two objects Most style guides anddictionaries do not support this advice saying that between can be used to refer tosomething that is in the time space or interval that separates more than two itemsM-W says that the idea that between can be used only of two items is persistent
but unfounded
[21]
and AHD4 calls it a widely repeated but unjustified tradition[22] The OED says In all senses between has been from its earliest appearanceextended to more than two[23] Chambers says It is acceptable to use between
with reference to more than two people or things although does state that among
may be more appropriate in some circumstances[24] o Undisputed usage I parked my car between the two telegraph poles
o Undisputed usage Youll find my brain between my ears
o Disputed usage The duck swam between the reeds
o Disputed usage They searched the area between the river the farmhouse
and the woodso Undisputed usage We shared the money evenly amongst the three of us
o
Disputed usage We shared the money between Tom Dick and meo Undisputed usage My house was built among the gum trees
bull amount ndash Some prescriptivists argue amount should not be substituted for number They recommend the use of number if the thing referred to is countableand amount only if it is uncountable While RH acknowledges the traditionaldistinction between amount and number it mentions that [a]lthough objected tothe use of amount instead of number with countable nouns occurs in both speechand writing especially when the noun can be considered as a unit or group (theamount of people present the amount of weapons) or when it refers to money(the amount of dollars paid the amount of pennies in the till)[25] (see also less)
o
Disputed usage I was amazed by the amount of people who visited mywebsite (With knowledge of the exact number)o Undisputed usage The number of people in the lift must not exceed 10
o Undisputed usage I was unimpressed by the amount of water consumed
by the elephant
bull and ndash Some prescriptivists argue that sentences should not begin with the wordand on the argument that as a conjunction it should only join clauses within a
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 2041
sentence AHD4 states that this stricture has been ridiculed by grammarians for decades and ignored by writers from Shakespeare to Joyce Carol Oates[26] RHstates Both and and but and to a lesser extent or and so are common astransitional words at the beginnings of sentences in all types of speech andwriting it goes on to suggest that opposition to this usage probably stems from
the overuse of such sentences by inexperienced writers[27]
ENCARTA opinesthat said opposition comes from too literal an understanding of the joiningfunction of conjunctions and states that any overuse is a matter of poor style notgrammatical correctness[28] COED calls the usage quite acceptable[29] Manyverses of the King James Bible begin with and as does William Blakes poem And did those feet in ancient time (aka Jerusalem) Fowlers Modern EnglishUsage defends this use of and Chambers states that Although it is sometimesregarded as poor style it is not ungrammatical to begin a sentence with and [30]
See also also above and but below
bull anxious ndash Some prescriptivists argue that this word should only be used in the
sense of worried or worrisome (compare anxiety) but it has been used inthe sense of eager for over 250 years 52 of AHD4s Usage Panel accepts itsuse in the sentence We are anxious to see the new show of contemporarysculpture at the museum Also it suggests that the use of anxious to mean eager
may be mild hyperbole as the use of dying in the sentence Im dying to see your new baby[31] RH states bluntly that its use in the sense of eageris fullystandard[32] M-W defines anxious as 3 ardently or earnestly wishing ltanxiousto learn moregt synonym see EAGER[33] Chambers gives 3 very eager bullanxious to do well[34]
[edit] B
bull barbaric and barbarous mdash Barbaric applies to the culture of barbarians and may be positive (barbaric splendor) barbarous applies to the behavior of barbariansand is negative (barbarous cruelty) This is standard English usage HoweverM-W equates the third meaning of barbaric with the third of barbarous thatis mercilessly harsh or cruel[35] COD11 and Chambers list savagely cruel andcruel and brutal excessively harsh or vicious[36] respectively as the first
meanings for barbaric Only AHD4 disallows this usage and without comment[37]
o Undisputed The environment of the venue was barbaric
o Undisputed Terrorism is barbarous
o Disputed Capital punishment is a disgusting barbaric measure
bull begging the question In logic begging the question is another term for petitio
principii or arguing in a circle in other words making assumptions in advanceabout the very issue in dispute Now often used to mean simply leading to thequestion
o Undisputed You argue that Christianity must be true because the Bible
says so Isnt that begging the question
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 2141
o Disputed You want to go to the theatre That begs the question which day
we should go
bull but ndash Some prescriptivists argue that if and should not be used to begin sentencesthen neither should but These words are both conjunctions thus they believe that
they should be used only to link clauses within a sentence AHD4 states that itmay be used to begin a sentence at all levels of style [38]
[edit] C
bull can and may ndash Some prescriptivists argue that can refers to possibility and may
refers to permission and insist on maintaining this distinction although usage of can to refer to permission is pervasive in spoken and very frequent in writtenEnglish M-W notes Can and may are most frequently interchangeable in sensesdenoting possibility because the possibility of ones doing something may (or can) depend on anothers acquiescence they have also become interchangeable in
the sense denoting permission The use of can to ask or grant permission has beencommon since the 19th century and is well established although somecommentators feel may is more appropriate in formal contexts May is relativelyrare in negative constructions (maynt is not common) cannot and cant are usualin such contexts[39] AHD4 echoes this sentiment of formality noting that only21 of the Usage Panel accepted can in the example Can I take another week tosubmit the application[40] For its part OED labels the use of can for may ascolloquial[41]
bull comprise ndash Comprise means to consist of A second meaning to compose or constitute is sometimes attacked by usage writers However it is supported as
sense 3 along with a usage note in M-W[42] and although AHD4 notes the usageas a usage problem its usage note says Our surveys show that opposition tothis usage is abating In the 1960s 53 percent of the Usage Panel found this usageunacceptable in 1996 only 35 percent objected[43]
o Undisputed usage The English Wikipedia comprises more than two
million articleso Disputed usage The English Wikipedia comprises of more than two
million articleso Disputed usage The English Wikipedia is comprised of more than two
million articleso Disputed usage More than two million articles comprise the English
Wikipediao Disputed usage Diatoms comprise more than 70 of all phytoplankton
o Undisputed usage Diatoms constitute more than 70 of all
phytoplanktono Disputed usage Those in the industry have mostly scoffed at the young
inexperienced Carter and the rest of the high school pals that comprise thecompany[44]
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 2241
Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] D
bull deprecate ndash The original meaning in English is deplore or express disapproval
of (the Latin from which the word derives means pray to avert evil suggestingthat some event would be a calamity) The word is now also used to mean playdown belittle or devalue a shift that some prescriptivists disapprove of as itsuggests the word is being confused with the similar word depreciate in factAHD4 states that in this sense deprecate has almost completely supplanteddepreciate however a majority of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved thissense[45] Its use with the approximate meaning to declare obsolete in computer jargon is also sometimes condemned
bull diagnose ndash Cochrane (2004) states that to diagnose [someone] with a disease isan incorrect usage of the verb diagnose which takes the physician as subject and
a disease as object (eg to diagnose cancer) In American English according toAHD4[46] and M-W[47] the sense of diagnose [someone] with a disease is listedwithout comment or tag however for its part RH does not list such a usage withor without comment For British English COD11 offers identify the medicalcondition of (someone) she was diagnosed as having epilepsy (2004) this usagehowever did not appear in editions as recently as the 1990s Chambers does notoffer this sense at all[48]
o Disputed usage Mr Smith was diagnosed with diabetes
o Undisputed usage The doctor diagnosed diabetes
bull different ndash Standard usage in both Britain and America is different from (on the
analogy of to differ from) In Britain this competes with different to (coinedon the analogy of similar to) In America it competes with different than(coined on the analogy of other than) Different to is also found in IrishAustralian and New Zealand English
o Undisputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different
from the Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different to the
Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different than
the British
bull disinterested ndash Standard usage is as a word for unbiased but some have alsorendered it synonymous with uninterested or apathetic
o Undisputed usage As their mutual best friend I tried to remain
disinterested in their argument so as not to anger eithero Disputed usage The key to attracting a member of the opposite sex is to
balance between giving attention to him or her and appearingdisinterested
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bull due to ndash The adjectival use of due to is undisputed Its adverbial use howeverhas been a subject of dispute for many years as witnessed by several (especiallyUS) dictionary usage notes that in the end designate it as standard WilliamStrunk in his Elements of style labelled the disputed adverbial use of due to asincorrect [49] Although the first (1926) edition of FOWLER condemned the
adverbial use as common only among the illiterate the third (1996) editionsaid Opinion remains sharply divided but it begins to look as if this use of due
to will form part of the natural language of the 21C as one more example of aforgotten battle Due to is frequently used in place of from for with of because
of and other prepositions Undisputed synonyms for due to are caused by andattributable to
o Disputed usage He died due to cancer (He died of cancer)
o Disputed usage Due to the end of the Second War circumstances altered
profoundly (With the end of the Second War circumstances altered profoundly)
o Disputed usage The project failed due to lack of funds (The project
failed for lack of funds) o Undisputed usage His death was due to cancer
o Undisputed usage Many thought the problem was due to mismanagement
[edit] E
bull enormity ndash Frequently used as a synonym for enormousness or immensity but traditionally means extreme wickedness According to AHD4 thisdistinction has not always occurred historically but is now supported by 59 of the dictionarys Usage Panel[50] COD11 states that enormity as a synonym for hugeness is now broadly accepted as standard English Although Chambers lists
immenseness or vastness as a meaning it says it should not be used in thatsense commenting that it is encountered often because the word enormousness isawkward it recommends using instead another word such as hugeness greatness etc[51]
o Disputed usage The enormity of the elephant astounded me
o Traditional usage The enormity of Stalins purges astounds me
[edit] F
bull farther and further ndash Many prescriptivists adhere to the rule that farther only
should refer to matters of physical distance or position while further should bereserved for usages involving time or degree (as well as undisputed descriptionsof moreover and in addition)
o Disputed usage San Jose is further from LA than Santa Barbara
o Disputed usage LA was a couple hours farther from home than I
expectedo Disputed usage If her fever increases any farther I will call the doctor
o Undisputed usage I would like to discuss the issue further at a later time
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bull fortuitously ndash Used by some interchangeably with fortunately strictly speaking fortuitousness is a reference to an occurrence depending on chance M-W notesthat use of the word in sense of fortunate has been in standard use for at least 70years and notes that the sense of coming or happening by a lucky chance isvirtually unnoticed by usage critics[52][clarification needed ]
[edit] G
bull gender ndash Gender is often used interchangeably with sex in the sense of the biological or social quality male and female It is never used to refer to sexualintercourse
o Gender traditionally refers to grammatical gender a feature in the
grammar of a number of different languages Some prescriptivists arguethat its use as a euphemism for sex is to be avoided as a genteelismFowler (p 211) says it is used either as a jocularityor a blunder
o Sex and gender can be used in different but related senses with sex
referring to biological characteristics and gender to social roles andexpectations based on sex Use of gender as interchangeable with or as areplacement for sex may confuse readers who draw this distinction See
gender identity gender role
[edit] H
bull hoi polloi ndash The question surrounding hoi polloi is whether it is appropriate to usethe article the preceding the phrase it arises because hoi is the Greek word for the in the phrase and classical purists complain that adding the makes the phrase
redundant the the common people Foreign phrases borrowed into English areoften reanalyzed as single grammatical units requiring an English article inappropriate contexts AHD4 says The Arabic element al- means the andappears in English nouns such as alcohol and alchemy Thus since no one wouldconsider a phrase such as the alcohol to be redundant criticizing the hoi polloi onsimilar grounds seems pedantic[53]
bull hopefully ndash Some prescriptivists argue this word should not be used as anexpression of confidence in an outcome however M-W classes hopefully withother words such as interestingly frankly and unfortunately (which areunremarkably used in a similar way) as disjuncts and describes this usage as
entirely standard
[54]
AHD4 however notes that opposition to this usage by their usage panels has grown from 56 to 73 despite support for similar disjuncts(such as 60 support for the use of mercifully in Mercifully the game ended before the opponents could add another touchdown to the lopsided score) AHD4opines that this opposition is not to the use of these adverbs in general but thatthis use of hopefully has become a shibboleth[55] OED lists this usage withoutany colloquial or other label other than to say Avoided by many writers[56]
See also the discussion of hopefully as a dangling modifier One investigation in
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modern corpora on Language Log revealed that outside fiction where it stillrepresents 40 of all uses (the other qualifying primarily speech and gazes)disjunct uses account for the vast majority (over 90) of all uses of the word[57]
o Disputed usage Hopefully Ill get that scholarship
o Undisputed usage The prisoner thought hopefully about the prospect for
escape when he realized the guards accidentally left his cell unlocked
Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] L
bull less ndash Some prescriptivists argue that less should not be substituted for fewer Merriam-Webster notes The traditional view is that less applies to matters of degree value or amount and modifies collective nouns mass nouns or nounsdenoting an abstract whole while fewer applies to matters of number and modifies plural nouns Less has been used to modify plural nouns since the days of King
Alfred and the usage though roundly decried appears to be increasing Less ismore likely than fewer to modify plural nouns when distances sums of moneyand a few fixed phrases are involved ltless than 100 milesgt ltan investment of less
than $2000gt ltin 25 words or lessgt and as likely as fewer to modify periods of time ltin less (or fewer ) than four hoursgt[58]
o Disputed usage This lane 12 items or less
o Undisputed usage We had fewer players on the team this season
o Undisputed usage There is less water in the tank now
bull like and as ndash Some prescriptivists object to the use of like as a conjunction statingit is rather a preposition and that only as would be appropriate in this
circumstance M-W however cites likes use as a conjunction as standard sincethe 14th century and opines that opposition to it is perhaps more heated thanrational (see M-Ws entry like [7 conjunction]) AHD4 says Writers sinceChaucers time have used like as a conjunction but 19th-century and 20th-centurycritics have been so vehement in their condemnations of this usage that a writer who uses the construction in formal style risks being accused of illiteracy or worse and recommends using as in formal speech and writing[59] OED does nottag it as colloquial or nonstandard but notes Used as conj[unction] = like asas Now generally condemned as vulgar or slovenly though examples may befound in many recent writers of standing[60] Chambers lists the conjunctive useas colloquial[61]
o Undisputed usage He is an American as am Io Undisputed usage He is an American like me
o Undisputed usage It looks as if this play will be a flop
o Undisputed usage This play looks like a flop
o Disputed usage He is an American like I am
o Disputed usage It looks like this play will be a flop
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bull literally ndash Some prescriptivists argue literally should not be used as a mereemphatic unless the thing to which it refers is actually true It is used todisambiguate a possible metaphorical interpretation of a phrase M-W does notcondemn the second use which means in effect or virtually but says the useis pure hyperbole intended to gain emphasis but it often appears in contexts
where no additional emphasis is necessary[62]
o Disputed usage The party literally went with a bang (No it did not
unless there was an actual loud noise)o Undisputed usage I literally ran more than 25 miles today I ran a
marathon
bull loan ndash The use of loan as a verb meaning to give out a loan is disputed withlend being preferred for the verb form AHD4 flatly states [t]he verb loan is wellestablished in American usage and cannot be considered incorrect[63] M-W statesloan is entirely standard as a verb[64] RH says Sometimes mistakenlyidentified as an Americanism loan as a verb meaning to lend has been used in
English for nearly 800 years it further states that objections to this use arecomparatively recent[65] Chambers defines the verb loan as to lend (especiallymoney)[66] OED merely states Now chiefly US[67] and COD11 includes themeaning without tag or comment
o Undisputed usage I lent him some money
o Undisputed usage Fill out the paperwork for a loan
o Disputed usage I loaned him some money
[edit] M
bull may and might ndash May should only be used where the event in question is still
possible not for something that was possible in the past or for a hypothetical present possibility Might is properly the past tense form of may (In similar fashion could should and would are all past tense forms for can shalland will respectively)
o Undisputed usage My brother may have gone to China last week
( perhaps he did )o Disputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother may have gone
to China last week (but he didnt )o Undisputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother might have
gone to China last weeko Disputed usage He thought it may be true (but it wasnt )
o Undisputed usage He thought it might be true
bull meet ndash Some prescriptivists state that as a transitive verb in the context to cometogether by chance or arrangement meet (as in meet (someone)) does not requirea preposition between verb and object the phrase meet with (someone) is deemedincorrect Chambers flags this usage US[68] RH allows it in the sense of to joinas for conference or instruction I met with her an hour a day until we solved the problem[69] On the other hand none of M-W AHD4 or COD11 entertains this
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usage NOTE In the sense of fulfilling prerequisites or criteria (We met with theentry requirements) or that of encountering (Our suggestions may meet with
opposition the soldiers met with machine-gun fire) the verb phrase meet with isnot in dispute
o Disputed usage I will meet with you tonight
o
Undisputed usage I will meet you tonight
bull momentarily ndash Traditionally momentarily means for a moment but its use tomean in a moment is sometimes disputed M-W[70] and RH[71] give this latter usage a standard entry without comment while OED[72] and Chambers[73] tag itNAmer AHD4 has a usage note indicating that 59 of their Usage Paneldeems this usage unacceptable[74]
o Disputed usage Your feature presentation will begin momentarily
o Undisputed usage The flash from the atom bomb momentarily lit up the
night sky
[edit] N
bull nauseous ndash Traditionally nauseous means causing nausea (synonymous withnauseating) it is commonly used now as a synonym for queasy that ishaving the feeling of nausea AHD4 notes the traditional view stating that 72 of the Usage Panel preferred nauseated over nauseous to mean affected withnausea however 88 of that same panel preferred nauseating to nauseous tomean causing nausea in other words a maximum of only 28 prefersnauseous in either case It also states that in common usage nauseous issynonymous with nauseated but deems this usage incorrect[75] M-W howeverasserts that [t]hose who insist that nauseous is an error for nauseated are
mistaken[76] Both M-W and AHD4 accept that nauseous is supplantingnauseated for feeling nausea and in turn being replaced by nauseating for causing nausea in general usage they only differ on the correctness of thechange RH states The two literal senses of nauseous [] appear in English atalmost the same time in the early 17th century and both senses are in standard useat the present time Nauseous is more common than nauseated in the senseaffected with nausea despite recent objections by those who imagine the sense to be new[77] CHAMBERS lists the sense of causing nausea first and affected withnausea second[78] while COD11 gives the affliction first and causation second both dictionaries list the entries without comment OED goes further tagging itsnauseated usage as Orig[inally] US but demoted its nauseating usage to
literary OED also notes that the original (now obsolete) sense of the word inEnglish was inclined to sickness or nausea squeamish[79] Curiously this oldestseventeenth-century meaning (inclined to nausea) while distinct from thedisputed twentieth-century usage (afflicted by nausea) more closely resemblesthe latter than it does the prescribed meaning (causing nausea)
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseous
o Disputed usage That smell is making me nauseous
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseating
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882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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future tense (The supervisor will be back presently)[80] M-W mentions the samevintage for the sense of now and that it is not clear why it is objectionable[81]
AHD4 states that despite its use nowadays in literate speech and writing thatthere is still lingering prejudice against this use In the late 1980s only 50 of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved of the sentence General Walters is hellip
presently the United States Ambassador to the United Nations[82]
COD11 lists both usages without comment CHAMBERS merely flags the sense of now asN Amer especially US[83]
o Disputed usage I am presently reading Wikipedia
o Undisputed usage I will be finished with that activity presently
[edit] R
bull refute ndash The traditional meaning of refute is disprove or dispel with reasoned
arguments It is now often used as a synonym for deny The latter sense islisted without comment by M-W[84] and AHD4[85] while CHAMBERS tags it ascolloquial[86] COD11 states that Traditionalists object to [the use of refute asdeny] but it is now widely accepted in standard English However RH does notmention this use at all[87]
bull relatively ndash Literally meaning compared to some now use relatively to meanmoderately or somewhat AHD4 does not list this usage at all [88] M-W hasapparently blended the two usages in one[89]
o Disputed usage That man was relatively annoying
o Undisputed usage Though relatively harmless when compared to
dimethylmercury mercury (II) oxide is still quite toxic
[edit] S
bull Scotch Scots and Scottish ndash Formerly English people used Scotch whereScottish people used Scottish The current convention is as follows
o Scottish for people
o Scotch for things (especially whisky)
o Scots for institutions (Scots law Scots language)
bull
seek ndash This means look for but is used to mean try or want This usage iscriticised by Fowler in the entry Formal Words
o Disputed usage we did seek to resolve the Iraq crisis by peaceful
means those who seek to emulate his legacy of murder the Liberalsseek to undermine that future[attribution needed ]
o Undisputed usage Seek and ye shall find
[edit] T
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull than mdash Than is the subject of a longstanding dispute as to its status as a preposition or conjunction see than For the disputed construction different thansee Different
bull they mdash Prescriptivists regard this as a plural pronoun that uses a third person
plural verb conjugation (see below they show) but the word is now commonlyused especially in speech and informal writing as a non-gender-specific third- person singular pronoun (which modern English otherwise lacks) Alternativesinclude he or she and generic he Some writers argue that generic he isgeneric (as the name implies) and thus includes both sexes Others find it sexist or too old-fashioned The pronouns you or one can be used in some sentences
o Disputed usage A person is rude if they show no respect for their hosts
o Undisputed usage One is rude if one shows no respect for ones hosts
o Undisputed usage It is rude not to show respect for hosts
o Undisputed usage Many people have told me that they are satisfied with
their food
bull thusly mdash Thusly (AHD4 suggests) was originally coined by educated writers tomake fun of uneducated persons trying to sound genteel[90] Thusly howeverdiffused into popular usage Some people accept it as an adverb in its own rightwhile others believe thus should be used in all cases The word thusly appearswith no associated usage notes in M-W[91] COD11 tags it as informal with theentry thus tagged as literary or formal CHAMBERS does not list the word atall and it is unknown in British usage[92]
[edit] U
bull unique ndash Some prescriptivists argue that unique only means sole or unequaled (British spelling unequalled) but most dictionaries give a thirdmeaning unusual which can be qualified by very or somewhat as in Thetheme of the party was somewhat unique see comparison Almost unique isuniversally acceptable[citation needed ]
[edit] W
bull
whilst and while mdash Penguin Working Words recommends while only and notesthat whilst is old-fashioned Cambridge Guide to English Usage and M-WsWebsters Guide to English Usage comment on its regional character and notethat it is rare in American usage It is thus safer to use only while in internationalEnglish (See the article While for further sources deprecating the use of whilst and cautioning about uses of while)
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bull who mdash Some prescriptivists argue that who should be used only as a subject pronoun the corresponding object pronoun being whom Strictly speakingusing who instead of whom is substituting a subjective pronoun for an objective pronoun and hence is the same as using she instead of her (eg I talked to she
today) Most people never use whom in spoken English and instead use who for
all cases Those who use whom in everyday speech may recognize substitution of who as substandard FOWLER has an extensive entry on who and whom
including several quotes from major publications where whom is used incorrectlyo Undisputed usage You are talking to whom
o Disputed usage You are talking to who
o Undisputed usage To whom are you talking
o Disputed usage To who are you talking
o Disputed usage far more hostile to Diana whom she believes betrayed
the Prince of WalesmdashIndependent Mag 1993 (FOWLER)o Undisputed usage far more hostile to Diana who she believes betrayed
the Prince of Wales
o Disputed usage Whom do men say that I am (Mark 927 King JamesVersion)
bull whoever mdash This extension of who (see above) along with its object formwhomever is attended by the same uncertainties as who along with whom and isdiscussed in the same sources (See the relevant section at Who)
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever wants it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever you think should have it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whomever you choose to give it
o Disputed usage Give it to whoever you choose to give it to
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever wants it
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever you think should have it
Module - Pair work - Asking questions to yourpartner
Hey
with Group 2 we first talked a little about food at the beginning of the class as awarm up And here is what we said
to be written by Franc
Then today was the first day that we worked in pairs You had to find informationabout superhero characters asking questions to your partner
Here are the two worksheets if you still need to complete them
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW you need to be able to speak about the picture of a super hero + speak about
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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their story + give the common points between all the super heroes presented Yourpresentation will last about 3 to 5 minutes You can send me some drafts (brouillon)if neededBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - Tale LV2
Southern Trees - beginning of the study
Hey
today we first warmed up about your future jobs while waiting for those who werelate Here is what you said
I would like to become an architect when I leave highschool (Selma)I want to study law to be a lawyer maybe ( Jeacuterocircme)
Structures WANT TO WOULD LIKE TO -- Attention aux noms de meacutetiers quisont preacuteceacutedeacutes de larticle aan
Then we did a quick recap about what Jim Crow laws used to be Here is what wesaid
bull Jim Crow Laws
These were laws about racial segregation until the end of the 1960sBlacks were not allowed to go to school with Whites
Blacks were not allowed to attend school with WhitesBlacks were forbidden to live together there were separate water
fountains rest rooms or entrances at restaurantsThey were prohibited to sit at the front of a bus
bull KKK(1865-)
white Protestantssupremacy of the white race
white costumesterrorism and violence to oppress Blacks
Finally we listened to the text and we started our general comprehesion by
highlighting the important information about the type of document the places thetime Here is what we wrote
bull Text Southern Trees
- type of doc extract from the autobiographic novel of Billie Holliday- who Billie Holliday Lewis Allen piano player of Billie Pop audience bitch
- where in New-York at Cafe Society on 52nd Street Miami Los Angeles
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- when published in 1956
HW you need to finish answering the usual wh- questions about the text (inparticular about the feelings of the characters involved) You also need to divide thetext into 2 parts give them a title and justify your titles
NB you will have a vocabulary test next week with the words from the lesson andthe words from the tool box p 53 You may also have a test about the text andabout racial discrimination in the US on Wednesday It will depend on how far we areinto the study of the document Southern TreesBy English Prof
Enter comment - View comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Spiderman - Page 3
This morning with the whole class we first warmed up with why I was a little late inclass Here is what we wrote
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
Then we studied the last page from Spiderman
There was a secretary for each person that spoke about a panel Here are the notesthat we took while they were speaking
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
HW you will be able to speak about the document at the beginning of the class in arow (dun seul trait )You can download the last page here
By English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Oral tests about picture presentation + Lastsuperhero activity in pair work
Hey
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today in module I asked you to speak about the picture p 152 that you had tocomment You need to improve your analysis Ill be asking other students next timeagain
Here is an example of presentation Its not perfect but its a rather good one
The document is a picture where there are two parts In the first part wecan see a white family at the bottom who is sitting in a garden They looksurprised and they are looking at the second family who feels happy and
impressed Contrary to the white family they are standing and clad with
their traditional dress Its a black family
To me the scene takes place in the USA and the goal of this picture is todenounce discrimination which treats people differently in society
The photographer aims at criticizing segregation In this photo theseparation is represented by the fence which is separating Africans from
Americans Segregation in the 20th century in America was when the Blacksand the Whites couldnt blend
To my mind this picture is a good representation of discrimination MartinLuther King and Rosa Park are the symbols of this conflict When I see somepeople wanted to change society and make people aware of these
inequalities through paintings photos speeches or parades Im grateful tothem
The picture attains its objective I like this photo because it denounces very
well the implicit problems of American society in the 20th century(by Rochella D)
Group 2 then we started a new activity about grammar on how to differentiatebetween Present Simple and Present Be + ing
You may download the documents hereyet to be uploaded
Group 1 Then we started a new activity that was initially designed by MissFernandes a colleague in the academy of Caen We first described the pictures of the superheroes
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW You need to finish the description of each picture and prepare the questions toask to your partner about the missing elements in your worksheetBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareMonday 16 november 2009
- Posted in For Fun
The Prisoner - New Series - Trailer
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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A new American series that you will probably LOVE Here is the trailer Looks andsounds fantastic
Exprimer le conseil en anglais
Today after taking a test on Body beauty and body parts (phonetics included) wespoke about superstitions on Friday the 13th And we discovered that Jonathansgrand-ma was extremely supersticious and that some of you believed in supernaturalthings too like Juliette who thinks her mother can read her mind or Camille RL whois sure what she says sometimes comes true Beware of the other Camille T whohas got a black cat She is certainly a witch and she may transform us all intopiglets Just kidding of course )
Here is what we said about superstitions
Today is a special day
On Friday the 13th people who are superstitious believe something terribly
bad or something awesome will happen to them
Examples of supertisions- you shouldnt be 13 around a table
- you shouldnt walk under a ladder- you shouldnt meet a black cat
- you shouldnt break a mirror- you shouldnt celebrate a birthday before
- you should wear a rabbit leg- you shouldnt walk on a line in the street
- you shouldnt cross your legs- you should touch wood when you say something bad
- you shouldnt put hats or shoes on a bed- you shouldnt open your umbrella inside
- you shouldnt put the bread upside down
Remember to express advice there are 3 very simple structures
bull should shouldnt + V
bull had better had better not + V bull ought to ought not to + V
Chocircmage unemployment
Embaucher to hire
bull by + V+ ing au moyen de en + V+ ingbull to + V pour + V (le but)
leisure loisirshigh ndash loweacuteleveacute ndash bas
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ecirctre oblige de to have to + Vto lead to entraicircnerhuge immense= The work-week la semaine de travailIn France the 35 hours-work week was decided and implemented in the 1990rsquos by asocialist government ( Mrs Aubry)
Exercice de traduction 1) Les employeacutes doivent faire des heures suppleacutementairesEmployees must do long hoursEmployees have to do long hours2) Il y a de nombreuses faccedilons de trouver du travailThere are a lot of ways to find work3) Lrsquoimmense augmentation des reacuteseaux sociaux permettent aux gens decommuniquer drsquoavantageThe huge increase of social networks enables people to communicate more4) Le travail suppleacutementaire entraicircne des problegravemes de santeacute pour les hommessurmeneacutes
bull Homebull Mail
bull Photos
bull Music
bull Games + Apps
bull More
o SMS Groups
o Sawaal
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o Free SMS
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thornyuml
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I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i mDoing for Improve my english give me your best idea
Asked in Exams Education amp References at 1200 PM on October 09 2008
Tags english idea
This question is closedReport abuse
ntn jainProfile | QampA
Rate this 00
bull Latest Answers(4)
Sort by Latest | Oldest | Top-rated
English is best improved by practice and also by taking a small course to improve grammar and communication skillsThe key to practice is to read newspapers magazines and books almost regularly You can also start talking andexpressing yourself in English with your peers friends and (if possible) relatives
Writing in English is a good habit that will strengthen your expression skills as well In case you complete this all-round approach I am sure you will do well All the best
Answered by Idle Mind an ibibo Master at 409 PM on October 13 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Idle MindProfile | QampA
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you can
Answered by Rachana an ibibo Citizen at 106 PM on October 11 2008
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RachanaProfile | QampA
well ntn
its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming
future n ways ntn some tips from my side that will help yu improve yu ur english are
i Observe the mouth movements of those who speak English well and try to imitate them
When you are watching television observe the mouth movements of the speakers Repeat what they are saying whileimitating the intonation and rhythm of their speech
ii Until you learn the correct intonation and rhythm of English slow your speech down
If you speak too quickly and with the wrong intonation and rhythm native speakers will have a hard timeunderstanding you
Dont worry about your listener getting impatient with your slow speech -- it is more important that everything you say be understood
iii Listen to the music of English
Do not use the music of your native language when you speak English Each language has its own way of singing
iv Use the dictionary
Try and familiarise yourself with the phonetic symbols of your dictionary Look up the correct pronunciation of wordsthat are hard for you to say
v Make a list of frequently used words that you find difficult to pronounce and ask someone who speaks the languagewell to pronounce them for you
Record these words listen to them and practice saying them Listen and read at the same time
vi Buy books on tape
Record yourself reading some sections of the book Compare the sound of your English with that of the person readingthe book on the tape
vii Pronounce the ending of each word
Pay special attention to S and ED endings This will help you strengthen the mouth muscles that you use when youspeak English
viii Read aloud in English for 15-20 minutes every day
Research has shown it takes about three months of daily practice to develop strong mouth muscles for speaking a newlanguage
ix Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation mistakes
Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice and avoid listening to themselves speak However this is a veryimportant exercise because doing it will help you become conscious of the mistakes you are making
x Be patient
You can change the way you speak but it wont happen overnight People often expect instant results and give up toosoon You can change the way you sound if you are willing to put some effort into it
GOOD LUCK
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Answered by Anant-- an ibibo Master at 133 PM on October 09 2008
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Anant--Profile | QampA
BEST WAY ACCORDING TO ME IS READ DAILY ENGLISH NEWSPAPER IF U COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY ONE OXFORD DICTIONARY AND REFER MEANINGS AND IFU COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY MEANINGS CONVERSION OF ENGLISH TO UR MOTHER TONGUE THIS MAY TAKESOME TIME THERE WILL BE SOME IMPROVEMENT IN JUST 1 MONTH BETTER READ HINDU OR TIMES OF INDIAALL THE BEST
Answered by gyaneshwar an ibibo Citizen at 1258 PM on October 09 2008
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gyaneshwar Profile | QampA
Related Search
Meri english bahot hi weak haimain apni english kaise strong kar sakta hoonkis tarah fluentlyenglish bol sakta hoon
dearthe simple way to improve you english is to particehave you ever heard of the saying Parctise makes a man perfect so even when you you commit mistake try to learn from the mistake and rectify themand simple start askingquestion to people in Englishand if you want yo learn english donot fell embrace in the front of anyone and alsotry to read TIMES OF INDIAN
Posted in Self Development by naqeeb ahmar at 758 PM on March 17 2008Tags meri english bahot weak apni kaise strong sakta tarah fluently hoon
how to improve english plese tell me
to compose simple sentences in your mind when you are alone Stick on the idea you want to convey rather than thegrammar Speak to the native English speakers if possible Chatt with those in internet SearchI dont know the level of your english if you have basics the fun way of learning are english comics cartoon network in english or any english
movies comics will help you in speaking good english
Posted in Love amp Romance by Shiva Singh at 1015 PM on September 24 2008Tags improve english plese
How can i improve my Enlish speaking and writing both
their meanings and use them in your convesationListen to english newsFor writing read the books on letters essaysand storiesslowly you will get the idea of using english in your convenienceFinally findDear Ashok It is good you
thornyuml
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want to improve your English First and foremost thing you need is YOU All you need to do is give quality time notthe quantity Do make a conscious effort and smart work
Posted in Self Development by ashok sharma at 626 AM on October 14 2008Tags improve enlish writing
how to use GPRS in china made mob prince A960
here most of gprs settings for most of mobile service operator India to enter in your phone mannulay Here you havemanual gprs settings for vodafone hutch idea airtel bsnl airtel live airtel mobile you can enter in your phone andconfigure mannuallyManual Idea gprs Settings1 Account Name - ideaGPRS2 Username - leave Blank3 Password -leave Blank4 Homepage - httpwapideafreshcom5
Posted in Computers amp Technology by vivek soni at 145 AM on June 13 2008Tags gprs help china mad mob
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i m Doing for Improve my englishgive me your best idea
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the
pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you canwell ntn its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming future n ways ntn some tips from my sidethat will help yu improve yu ur english are i Observe
Posted in Exams Education amp References by ntn jain at 939 PM on October 13 2008Tags want improve english improve best
what is html
they want Text is what you will use English letters just like you use everyday Markup is what you will do You willwrite in plain English and then mark up what you wrote Language Some may argue that technically html is a code
but you write html in plain everyday English languageHi RockyHTML is the code behind your webpage and is whatyour browser looks for to display a webpage the way the webdesigner
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Rocky at 258 PM on May 07 2008Tags html
how I improve my english speech
and be confidentYOU CAN DOWNLOAD A LOT OF SOFTWARES FROM INTERNET IT REALLY HELPSAND ANOTHER IDEA IS TO WATCH ENGLISH CHANNELS LIKE METRO NATION NDTV GOOD TIMESAND DONT FORGET TO WATCH NDTV DISCUSSIONSget to c more english movie join times classes on english
they improvise a lotEnglish can be improved by reading booksnewspaper by discussionsThese are certain tips toimprove english
Posted in Counselling by sagar gawde at 803 PM on February 14 2008Tags improve english speech
What is the best way to enhance skills in English Which is most best website which can help tolearn English from basic to a very high class
will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin thinking in English Listening to Native Speakers as Much asPossible is the good idea to enhance your English language skills Here are someFirst of all be motivated become a
person who likes to learn English Using as many different sources methods and tools as possible will allow you tolearn faster There are many different ways
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Posted in Self Development by RAVINDRA at 644 PM on October 03 2008Tags best enhance skills website help learn english basic high
Who created the first mouse
to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThe first marketed integrated mouseshipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came from the resemblance of earlymodels which had a cord attached to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThefirst marketed integrated mouse shipped as a part
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Aryan Gusain at 212 PM on July 02 2008Tags created first mouse
Do you have any idea for FRANKLYN INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGE Its a spoken English Institutewhich gives Job Guarantee if anyone knows plz let me know
190A Maniktolla Main Road Kolkata-54 phone no 91-33-32401558 91-33-32428200 frankylnkkghotmailcomhi poonamur question gives an idea dat ur command on english is nt poor why u r lookingYou have heard rightFRANKLYN offers spoken english courses and there is also a lot of students pursuing courses there
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writers for deliberate effect what Oxford American Dictionary describes astongue-in-cheek or reverse snobbery and what Merriam-Webster Collegiate
calls emphatic effect or a consistently informal style[6]
bull alibi ndash Some prescriptivists argue this cannot be used in the non-legal sense of
an explanation or excuse to avoid blame or justify action AHD4 notes that thisusage was acceptable to almost half[7] of the Usage Panel while most opposedthe words use as a verb M-W mentions no usage problems listing the disputedmeaning second to its legal sense without comment OED cites the non-legal nounand verb usages as colloquial and orig[inally] US[8] Chambers deems this usecolloquial[9]
bull alright ndash An alternate to all right that some consider illiterate but others allowRH says that it probably arose in analogy with other similar words such asaltogether and already it does concede the use in writing as informal and thatall right is used in more formal edited writing[10] AHD4 flags alright as
nonstandard
[11]
and comments that this unacceptance (compared to altogether etc) is peculiar and may be due to its relative recentness (altogether andalready date back to the Middle Ages alright only a little over a century)[12]
Chambers refers to varying levels of formality of all right deeming alright to bemore casual it recommends the use of all right in writing for readers who are precise about the use of language[13]
bull also ndash Some prescriptivists contend this word should not be used to begin asentence AHD4 says 63 percent of the Usage Panel found acceptable theexample The warranty covers all power-train components Also participating dealers back their work with a free lifetime service guarantee[14] See also and amp
but below
bull alternate ndash In British English this adjective means according to OED and other sources switching between two options or similar It does not mean the same asalternative (see next) which OED specifically marks as an American meaning of alternate In international English it is thus thought better to observe the Britishdistinction then the meanings of alternative and alternate will be clear toeveryone (See meanings given at M-W the same applies to the adverbsalternately and alternatively)
bull alternative ndash Some prescriptivists argue that alternative should be used onlywhen the number of choices involved is exactly two While AHD4 allows thewords longstanding use to mean one of a number of things from which only onecan be chosen and the acceptance of this usage by many language critics it goeson to state that only 49 of its Usage panel approves of its use as in Of the threealternatives the first is the least distasteful[15] Neither M-W[16] nor RH[17]
mentions any such restriction to a choice of two Chambers qualifies its definitionas referring to strictly speaking two but often used of more than two possibilities[18]
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bull ampm ndash These are Latin abbreviations for the adverbial phrases antemeridiem (before noon) and post meridiem (after noon) Some prescriptivistsargue that they thus should not be used in English as nouns meaning morningand afternoon however such use is consistent with ordinary nominalizationfeatures of English AHD4 lists adjectival usage with an AM appointment [19]
and a PM appointment[20]
RH gives Shall we meet Saturday am[19]
withoutcomment it gives no corresponding example at pm so that usage can only beextrapolated Also the National Institute of Standards and Technology (nd)contends it is incorrect to use 12 am or 12 pm to mean either noon or midnight
bull amongamongst and between ndash The traditionalist view is that between shouldonly be used when there are only two objects for comparison and among or amongst should be used for more than two objects Most style guides anddictionaries do not support this advice saying that between can be used to refer tosomething that is in the time space or interval that separates more than two itemsM-W says that the idea that between can be used only of two items is persistent
but unfounded
[21]
and AHD4 calls it a widely repeated but unjustified tradition[22] The OED says In all senses between has been from its earliest appearanceextended to more than two[23] Chambers says It is acceptable to use between
with reference to more than two people or things although does state that among
may be more appropriate in some circumstances[24] o Undisputed usage I parked my car between the two telegraph poles
o Undisputed usage Youll find my brain between my ears
o Disputed usage The duck swam between the reeds
o Disputed usage They searched the area between the river the farmhouse
and the woodso Undisputed usage We shared the money evenly amongst the three of us
o
Disputed usage We shared the money between Tom Dick and meo Undisputed usage My house was built among the gum trees
bull amount ndash Some prescriptivists argue amount should not be substituted for number They recommend the use of number if the thing referred to is countableand amount only if it is uncountable While RH acknowledges the traditionaldistinction between amount and number it mentions that [a]lthough objected tothe use of amount instead of number with countable nouns occurs in both speechand writing especially when the noun can be considered as a unit or group (theamount of people present the amount of weapons) or when it refers to money(the amount of dollars paid the amount of pennies in the till)[25] (see also less)
o
Disputed usage I was amazed by the amount of people who visited mywebsite (With knowledge of the exact number)o Undisputed usage The number of people in the lift must not exceed 10
o Undisputed usage I was unimpressed by the amount of water consumed
by the elephant
bull and ndash Some prescriptivists argue that sentences should not begin with the wordand on the argument that as a conjunction it should only join clauses within a
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sentence AHD4 states that this stricture has been ridiculed by grammarians for decades and ignored by writers from Shakespeare to Joyce Carol Oates[26] RHstates Both and and but and to a lesser extent or and so are common astransitional words at the beginnings of sentences in all types of speech andwriting it goes on to suggest that opposition to this usage probably stems from
the overuse of such sentences by inexperienced writers[27]
ENCARTA opinesthat said opposition comes from too literal an understanding of the joiningfunction of conjunctions and states that any overuse is a matter of poor style notgrammatical correctness[28] COED calls the usage quite acceptable[29] Manyverses of the King James Bible begin with and as does William Blakes poem And did those feet in ancient time (aka Jerusalem) Fowlers Modern EnglishUsage defends this use of and Chambers states that Although it is sometimesregarded as poor style it is not ungrammatical to begin a sentence with and [30]
See also also above and but below
bull anxious ndash Some prescriptivists argue that this word should only be used in the
sense of worried or worrisome (compare anxiety) but it has been used inthe sense of eager for over 250 years 52 of AHD4s Usage Panel accepts itsuse in the sentence We are anxious to see the new show of contemporarysculpture at the museum Also it suggests that the use of anxious to mean eager
may be mild hyperbole as the use of dying in the sentence Im dying to see your new baby[31] RH states bluntly that its use in the sense of eageris fullystandard[32] M-W defines anxious as 3 ardently or earnestly wishing ltanxiousto learn moregt synonym see EAGER[33] Chambers gives 3 very eager bullanxious to do well[34]
[edit] B
bull barbaric and barbarous mdash Barbaric applies to the culture of barbarians and may be positive (barbaric splendor) barbarous applies to the behavior of barbariansand is negative (barbarous cruelty) This is standard English usage HoweverM-W equates the third meaning of barbaric with the third of barbarous thatis mercilessly harsh or cruel[35] COD11 and Chambers list savagely cruel andcruel and brutal excessively harsh or vicious[36] respectively as the first
meanings for barbaric Only AHD4 disallows this usage and without comment[37]
o Undisputed The environment of the venue was barbaric
o Undisputed Terrorism is barbarous
o Disputed Capital punishment is a disgusting barbaric measure
bull begging the question In logic begging the question is another term for petitio
principii or arguing in a circle in other words making assumptions in advanceabout the very issue in dispute Now often used to mean simply leading to thequestion
o Undisputed You argue that Christianity must be true because the Bible
says so Isnt that begging the question
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o Disputed You want to go to the theatre That begs the question which day
we should go
bull but ndash Some prescriptivists argue that if and should not be used to begin sentencesthen neither should but These words are both conjunctions thus they believe that
they should be used only to link clauses within a sentence AHD4 states that itmay be used to begin a sentence at all levels of style [38]
[edit] C
bull can and may ndash Some prescriptivists argue that can refers to possibility and may
refers to permission and insist on maintaining this distinction although usage of can to refer to permission is pervasive in spoken and very frequent in writtenEnglish M-W notes Can and may are most frequently interchangeable in sensesdenoting possibility because the possibility of ones doing something may (or can) depend on anothers acquiescence they have also become interchangeable in
the sense denoting permission The use of can to ask or grant permission has beencommon since the 19th century and is well established although somecommentators feel may is more appropriate in formal contexts May is relativelyrare in negative constructions (maynt is not common) cannot and cant are usualin such contexts[39] AHD4 echoes this sentiment of formality noting that only21 of the Usage Panel accepted can in the example Can I take another week tosubmit the application[40] For its part OED labels the use of can for may ascolloquial[41]
bull comprise ndash Comprise means to consist of A second meaning to compose or constitute is sometimes attacked by usage writers However it is supported as
sense 3 along with a usage note in M-W[42] and although AHD4 notes the usageas a usage problem its usage note says Our surveys show that opposition tothis usage is abating In the 1960s 53 percent of the Usage Panel found this usageunacceptable in 1996 only 35 percent objected[43]
o Undisputed usage The English Wikipedia comprises more than two
million articleso Disputed usage The English Wikipedia comprises of more than two
million articleso Disputed usage The English Wikipedia is comprised of more than two
million articleso Disputed usage More than two million articles comprise the English
Wikipediao Disputed usage Diatoms comprise more than 70 of all phytoplankton
o Undisputed usage Diatoms constitute more than 70 of all
phytoplanktono Disputed usage Those in the industry have mostly scoffed at the young
inexperienced Carter and the rest of the high school pals that comprise thecompany[44]
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Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] D
bull deprecate ndash The original meaning in English is deplore or express disapproval
of (the Latin from which the word derives means pray to avert evil suggestingthat some event would be a calamity) The word is now also used to mean playdown belittle or devalue a shift that some prescriptivists disapprove of as itsuggests the word is being confused with the similar word depreciate in factAHD4 states that in this sense deprecate has almost completely supplanteddepreciate however a majority of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved thissense[45] Its use with the approximate meaning to declare obsolete in computer jargon is also sometimes condemned
bull diagnose ndash Cochrane (2004) states that to diagnose [someone] with a disease isan incorrect usage of the verb diagnose which takes the physician as subject and
a disease as object (eg to diagnose cancer) In American English according toAHD4[46] and M-W[47] the sense of diagnose [someone] with a disease is listedwithout comment or tag however for its part RH does not list such a usage withor without comment For British English COD11 offers identify the medicalcondition of (someone) she was diagnosed as having epilepsy (2004) this usagehowever did not appear in editions as recently as the 1990s Chambers does notoffer this sense at all[48]
o Disputed usage Mr Smith was diagnosed with diabetes
o Undisputed usage The doctor diagnosed diabetes
bull different ndash Standard usage in both Britain and America is different from (on the
analogy of to differ from) In Britain this competes with different to (coinedon the analogy of similar to) In America it competes with different than(coined on the analogy of other than) Different to is also found in IrishAustralian and New Zealand English
o Undisputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different
from the Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different to the
Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different than
the British
bull disinterested ndash Standard usage is as a word for unbiased but some have alsorendered it synonymous with uninterested or apathetic
o Undisputed usage As their mutual best friend I tried to remain
disinterested in their argument so as not to anger eithero Disputed usage The key to attracting a member of the opposite sex is to
balance between giving attention to him or her and appearingdisinterested
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bull due to ndash The adjectival use of due to is undisputed Its adverbial use howeverhas been a subject of dispute for many years as witnessed by several (especiallyUS) dictionary usage notes that in the end designate it as standard WilliamStrunk in his Elements of style labelled the disputed adverbial use of due to asincorrect [49] Although the first (1926) edition of FOWLER condemned the
adverbial use as common only among the illiterate the third (1996) editionsaid Opinion remains sharply divided but it begins to look as if this use of due
to will form part of the natural language of the 21C as one more example of aforgotten battle Due to is frequently used in place of from for with of because
of and other prepositions Undisputed synonyms for due to are caused by andattributable to
o Disputed usage He died due to cancer (He died of cancer)
o Disputed usage Due to the end of the Second War circumstances altered
profoundly (With the end of the Second War circumstances altered profoundly)
o Disputed usage The project failed due to lack of funds (The project
failed for lack of funds) o Undisputed usage His death was due to cancer
o Undisputed usage Many thought the problem was due to mismanagement
[edit] E
bull enormity ndash Frequently used as a synonym for enormousness or immensity but traditionally means extreme wickedness According to AHD4 thisdistinction has not always occurred historically but is now supported by 59 of the dictionarys Usage Panel[50] COD11 states that enormity as a synonym for hugeness is now broadly accepted as standard English Although Chambers lists
immenseness or vastness as a meaning it says it should not be used in thatsense commenting that it is encountered often because the word enormousness isawkward it recommends using instead another word such as hugeness greatness etc[51]
o Disputed usage The enormity of the elephant astounded me
o Traditional usage The enormity of Stalins purges astounds me
[edit] F
bull farther and further ndash Many prescriptivists adhere to the rule that farther only
should refer to matters of physical distance or position while further should bereserved for usages involving time or degree (as well as undisputed descriptionsof moreover and in addition)
o Disputed usage San Jose is further from LA than Santa Barbara
o Disputed usage LA was a couple hours farther from home than I
expectedo Disputed usage If her fever increases any farther I will call the doctor
o Undisputed usage I would like to discuss the issue further at a later time
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bull fortuitously ndash Used by some interchangeably with fortunately strictly speaking fortuitousness is a reference to an occurrence depending on chance M-W notesthat use of the word in sense of fortunate has been in standard use for at least 70years and notes that the sense of coming or happening by a lucky chance isvirtually unnoticed by usage critics[52][clarification needed ]
[edit] G
bull gender ndash Gender is often used interchangeably with sex in the sense of the biological or social quality male and female It is never used to refer to sexualintercourse
o Gender traditionally refers to grammatical gender a feature in the
grammar of a number of different languages Some prescriptivists arguethat its use as a euphemism for sex is to be avoided as a genteelismFowler (p 211) says it is used either as a jocularityor a blunder
o Sex and gender can be used in different but related senses with sex
referring to biological characteristics and gender to social roles andexpectations based on sex Use of gender as interchangeable with or as areplacement for sex may confuse readers who draw this distinction See
gender identity gender role
[edit] H
bull hoi polloi ndash The question surrounding hoi polloi is whether it is appropriate to usethe article the preceding the phrase it arises because hoi is the Greek word for the in the phrase and classical purists complain that adding the makes the phrase
redundant the the common people Foreign phrases borrowed into English areoften reanalyzed as single grammatical units requiring an English article inappropriate contexts AHD4 says The Arabic element al- means the andappears in English nouns such as alcohol and alchemy Thus since no one wouldconsider a phrase such as the alcohol to be redundant criticizing the hoi polloi onsimilar grounds seems pedantic[53]
bull hopefully ndash Some prescriptivists argue this word should not be used as anexpression of confidence in an outcome however M-W classes hopefully withother words such as interestingly frankly and unfortunately (which areunremarkably used in a similar way) as disjuncts and describes this usage as
entirely standard
[54]
AHD4 however notes that opposition to this usage by their usage panels has grown from 56 to 73 despite support for similar disjuncts(such as 60 support for the use of mercifully in Mercifully the game ended before the opponents could add another touchdown to the lopsided score) AHD4opines that this opposition is not to the use of these adverbs in general but thatthis use of hopefully has become a shibboleth[55] OED lists this usage withoutany colloquial or other label other than to say Avoided by many writers[56]
See also the discussion of hopefully as a dangling modifier One investigation in
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modern corpora on Language Log revealed that outside fiction where it stillrepresents 40 of all uses (the other qualifying primarily speech and gazes)disjunct uses account for the vast majority (over 90) of all uses of the word[57]
o Disputed usage Hopefully Ill get that scholarship
o Undisputed usage The prisoner thought hopefully about the prospect for
escape when he realized the guards accidentally left his cell unlocked
Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] L
bull less ndash Some prescriptivists argue that less should not be substituted for fewer Merriam-Webster notes The traditional view is that less applies to matters of degree value or amount and modifies collective nouns mass nouns or nounsdenoting an abstract whole while fewer applies to matters of number and modifies plural nouns Less has been used to modify plural nouns since the days of King
Alfred and the usage though roundly decried appears to be increasing Less ismore likely than fewer to modify plural nouns when distances sums of moneyand a few fixed phrases are involved ltless than 100 milesgt ltan investment of less
than $2000gt ltin 25 words or lessgt and as likely as fewer to modify periods of time ltin less (or fewer ) than four hoursgt[58]
o Disputed usage This lane 12 items or less
o Undisputed usage We had fewer players on the team this season
o Undisputed usage There is less water in the tank now
bull like and as ndash Some prescriptivists object to the use of like as a conjunction statingit is rather a preposition and that only as would be appropriate in this
circumstance M-W however cites likes use as a conjunction as standard sincethe 14th century and opines that opposition to it is perhaps more heated thanrational (see M-Ws entry like [7 conjunction]) AHD4 says Writers sinceChaucers time have used like as a conjunction but 19th-century and 20th-centurycritics have been so vehement in their condemnations of this usage that a writer who uses the construction in formal style risks being accused of illiteracy or worse and recommends using as in formal speech and writing[59] OED does nottag it as colloquial or nonstandard but notes Used as conj[unction] = like asas Now generally condemned as vulgar or slovenly though examples may befound in many recent writers of standing[60] Chambers lists the conjunctive useas colloquial[61]
o Undisputed usage He is an American as am Io Undisputed usage He is an American like me
o Undisputed usage It looks as if this play will be a flop
o Undisputed usage This play looks like a flop
o Disputed usage He is an American like I am
o Disputed usage It looks like this play will be a flop
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bull literally ndash Some prescriptivists argue literally should not be used as a mereemphatic unless the thing to which it refers is actually true It is used todisambiguate a possible metaphorical interpretation of a phrase M-W does notcondemn the second use which means in effect or virtually but says the useis pure hyperbole intended to gain emphasis but it often appears in contexts
where no additional emphasis is necessary[62]
o Disputed usage The party literally went with a bang (No it did not
unless there was an actual loud noise)o Undisputed usage I literally ran more than 25 miles today I ran a
marathon
bull loan ndash The use of loan as a verb meaning to give out a loan is disputed withlend being preferred for the verb form AHD4 flatly states [t]he verb loan is wellestablished in American usage and cannot be considered incorrect[63] M-W statesloan is entirely standard as a verb[64] RH says Sometimes mistakenlyidentified as an Americanism loan as a verb meaning to lend has been used in
English for nearly 800 years it further states that objections to this use arecomparatively recent[65] Chambers defines the verb loan as to lend (especiallymoney)[66] OED merely states Now chiefly US[67] and COD11 includes themeaning without tag or comment
o Undisputed usage I lent him some money
o Undisputed usage Fill out the paperwork for a loan
o Disputed usage I loaned him some money
[edit] M
bull may and might ndash May should only be used where the event in question is still
possible not for something that was possible in the past or for a hypothetical present possibility Might is properly the past tense form of may (In similar fashion could should and would are all past tense forms for can shalland will respectively)
o Undisputed usage My brother may have gone to China last week
( perhaps he did )o Disputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother may have gone
to China last week (but he didnt )o Undisputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother might have
gone to China last weeko Disputed usage He thought it may be true (but it wasnt )
o Undisputed usage He thought it might be true
bull meet ndash Some prescriptivists state that as a transitive verb in the context to cometogether by chance or arrangement meet (as in meet (someone)) does not requirea preposition between verb and object the phrase meet with (someone) is deemedincorrect Chambers flags this usage US[68] RH allows it in the sense of to joinas for conference or instruction I met with her an hour a day until we solved the problem[69] On the other hand none of M-W AHD4 or COD11 entertains this
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usage NOTE In the sense of fulfilling prerequisites or criteria (We met with theentry requirements) or that of encountering (Our suggestions may meet with
opposition the soldiers met with machine-gun fire) the verb phrase meet with isnot in dispute
o Disputed usage I will meet with you tonight
o
Undisputed usage I will meet you tonight
bull momentarily ndash Traditionally momentarily means for a moment but its use tomean in a moment is sometimes disputed M-W[70] and RH[71] give this latter usage a standard entry without comment while OED[72] and Chambers[73] tag itNAmer AHD4 has a usage note indicating that 59 of their Usage Paneldeems this usage unacceptable[74]
o Disputed usage Your feature presentation will begin momentarily
o Undisputed usage The flash from the atom bomb momentarily lit up the
night sky
[edit] N
bull nauseous ndash Traditionally nauseous means causing nausea (synonymous withnauseating) it is commonly used now as a synonym for queasy that ishaving the feeling of nausea AHD4 notes the traditional view stating that 72 of the Usage Panel preferred nauseated over nauseous to mean affected withnausea however 88 of that same panel preferred nauseating to nauseous tomean causing nausea in other words a maximum of only 28 prefersnauseous in either case It also states that in common usage nauseous issynonymous with nauseated but deems this usage incorrect[75] M-W howeverasserts that [t]hose who insist that nauseous is an error for nauseated are
mistaken[76] Both M-W and AHD4 accept that nauseous is supplantingnauseated for feeling nausea and in turn being replaced by nauseating for causing nausea in general usage they only differ on the correctness of thechange RH states The two literal senses of nauseous [] appear in English atalmost the same time in the early 17th century and both senses are in standard useat the present time Nauseous is more common than nauseated in the senseaffected with nausea despite recent objections by those who imagine the sense to be new[77] CHAMBERS lists the sense of causing nausea first and affected withnausea second[78] while COD11 gives the affliction first and causation second both dictionaries list the entries without comment OED goes further tagging itsnauseated usage as Orig[inally] US but demoted its nauseating usage to
literary OED also notes that the original (now obsolete) sense of the word inEnglish was inclined to sickness or nausea squeamish[79] Curiously this oldestseventeenth-century meaning (inclined to nausea) while distinct from thedisputed twentieth-century usage (afflicted by nausea) more closely resemblesthe latter than it does the prescribed meaning (causing nausea)
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseous
o Disputed usage That smell is making me nauseous
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseating
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 2941
future tense (The supervisor will be back presently)[80] M-W mentions the samevintage for the sense of now and that it is not clear why it is objectionable[81]
AHD4 states that despite its use nowadays in literate speech and writing thatthere is still lingering prejudice against this use In the late 1980s only 50 of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved of the sentence General Walters is hellip
presently the United States Ambassador to the United Nations[82]
COD11 lists both usages without comment CHAMBERS merely flags the sense of now asN Amer especially US[83]
o Disputed usage I am presently reading Wikipedia
o Undisputed usage I will be finished with that activity presently
[edit] R
bull refute ndash The traditional meaning of refute is disprove or dispel with reasoned
arguments It is now often used as a synonym for deny The latter sense islisted without comment by M-W[84] and AHD4[85] while CHAMBERS tags it ascolloquial[86] COD11 states that Traditionalists object to [the use of refute asdeny] but it is now widely accepted in standard English However RH does notmention this use at all[87]
bull relatively ndash Literally meaning compared to some now use relatively to meanmoderately or somewhat AHD4 does not list this usage at all [88] M-W hasapparently blended the two usages in one[89]
o Disputed usage That man was relatively annoying
o Undisputed usage Though relatively harmless when compared to
dimethylmercury mercury (II) oxide is still quite toxic
[edit] S
bull Scotch Scots and Scottish ndash Formerly English people used Scotch whereScottish people used Scottish The current convention is as follows
o Scottish for people
o Scotch for things (especially whisky)
o Scots for institutions (Scots law Scots language)
bull
seek ndash This means look for but is used to mean try or want This usage iscriticised by Fowler in the entry Formal Words
o Disputed usage we did seek to resolve the Iraq crisis by peaceful
means those who seek to emulate his legacy of murder the Liberalsseek to undermine that future[attribution needed ]
o Undisputed usage Seek and ye shall find
[edit] T
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3041
bull than mdash Than is the subject of a longstanding dispute as to its status as a preposition or conjunction see than For the disputed construction different thansee Different
bull they mdash Prescriptivists regard this as a plural pronoun that uses a third person
plural verb conjugation (see below they show) but the word is now commonlyused especially in speech and informal writing as a non-gender-specific third- person singular pronoun (which modern English otherwise lacks) Alternativesinclude he or she and generic he Some writers argue that generic he isgeneric (as the name implies) and thus includes both sexes Others find it sexist or too old-fashioned The pronouns you or one can be used in some sentences
o Disputed usage A person is rude if they show no respect for their hosts
o Undisputed usage One is rude if one shows no respect for ones hosts
o Undisputed usage It is rude not to show respect for hosts
o Undisputed usage Many people have told me that they are satisfied with
their food
bull thusly mdash Thusly (AHD4 suggests) was originally coined by educated writers tomake fun of uneducated persons trying to sound genteel[90] Thusly howeverdiffused into popular usage Some people accept it as an adverb in its own rightwhile others believe thus should be used in all cases The word thusly appearswith no associated usage notes in M-W[91] COD11 tags it as informal with theentry thus tagged as literary or formal CHAMBERS does not list the word atall and it is unknown in British usage[92]
[edit] U
bull unique ndash Some prescriptivists argue that unique only means sole or unequaled (British spelling unequalled) but most dictionaries give a thirdmeaning unusual which can be qualified by very or somewhat as in Thetheme of the party was somewhat unique see comparison Almost unique isuniversally acceptable[citation needed ]
[edit] W
bull
whilst and while mdash Penguin Working Words recommends while only and notesthat whilst is old-fashioned Cambridge Guide to English Usage and M-WsWebsters Guide to English Usage comment on its regional character and notethat it is rare in American usage It is thus safer to use only while in internationalEnglish (See the article While for further sources deprecating the use of whilst and cautioning about uses of while)
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3141
bull who mdash Some prescriptivists argue that who should be used only as a subject pronoun the corresponding object pronoun being whom Strictly speakingusing who instead of whom is substituting a subjective pronoun for an objective pronoun and hence is the same as using she instead of her (eg I talked to she
today) Most people never use whom in spoken English and instead use who for
all cases Those who use whom in everyday speech may recognize substitution of who as substandard FOWLER has an extensive entry on who and whom
including several quotes from major publications where whom is used incorrectlyo Undisputed usage You are talking to whom
o Disputed usage You are talking to who
o Undisputed usage To whom are you talking
o Disputed usage To who are you talking
o Disputed usage far more hostile to Diana whom she believes betrayed
the Prince of WalesmdashIndependent Mag 1993 (FOWLER)o Undisputed usage far more hostile to Diana who she believes betrayed
the Prince of Wales
o Disputed usage Whom do men say that I am (Mark 927 King JamesVersion)
bull whoever mdash This extension of who (see above) along with its object formwhomever is attended by the same uncertainties as who along with whom and isdiscussed in the same sources (See the relevant section at Who)
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever wants it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever you think should have it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whomever you choose to give it
o Disputed usage Give it to whoever you choose to give it to
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever wants it
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever you think should have it
Module - Pair work - Asking questions to yourpartner
Hey
with Group 2 we first talked a little about food at the beginning of the class as awarm up And here is what we said
to be written by Franc
Then today was the first day that we worked in pairs You had to find informationabout superhero characters asking questions to your partner
Here are the two worksheets if you still need to complete them
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW you need to be able to speak about the picture of a super hero + speak about
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their story + give the common points between all the super heroes presented Yourpresentation will last about 3 to 5 minutes You can send me some drafts (brouillon)if neededBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - Tale LV2
Southern Trees - beginning of the study
Hey
today we first warmed up about your future jobs while waiting for those who werelate Here is what you said
I would like to become an architect when I leave highschool (Selma)I want to study law to be a lawyer maybe ( Jeacuterocircme)
Structures WANT TO WOULD LIKE TO -- Attention aux noms de meacutetiers quisont preacuteceacutedeacutes de larticle aan
Then we did a quick recap about what Jim Crow laws used to be Here is what wesaid
bull Jim Crow Laws
These were laws about racial segregation until the end of the 1960sBlacks were not allowed to go to school with Whites
Blacks were not allowed to attend school with WhitesBlacks were forbidden to live together there were separate water
fountains rest rooms or entrances at restaurantsThey were prohibited to sit at the front of a bus
bull KKK(1865-)
white Protestantssupremacy of the white race
white costumesterrorism and violence to oppress Blacks
Finally we listened to the text and we started our general comprehesion by
highlighting the important information about the type of document the places thetime Here is what we wrote
bull Text Southern Trees
- type of doc extract from the autobiographic novel of Billie Holliday- who Billie Holliday Lewis Allen piano player of Billie Pop audience bitch
- where in New-York at Cafe Society on 52nd Street Miami Los Angeles
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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- when published in 1956
HW you need to finish answering the usual wh- questions about the text (inparticular about the feelings of the characters involved) You also need to divide thetext into 2 parts give them a title and justify your titles
NB you will have a vocabulary test next week with the words from the lesson andthe words from the tool box p 53 You may also have a test about the text andabout racial discrimination in the US on Wednesday It will depend on how far we areinto the study of the document Southern TreesBy English Prof
Enter comment - View comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Spiderman - Page 3
This morning with the whole class we first warmed up with why I was a little late inclass Here is what we wrote
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
Then we studied the last page from Spiderman
There was a secretary for each person that spoke about a panel Here are the notesthat we took while they were speaking
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
HW you will be able to speak about the document at the beginning of the class in arow (dun seul trait )You can download the last page here
By English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Oral tests about picture presentation + Lastsuperhero activity in pair work
Hey
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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today in module I asked you to speak about the picture p 152 that you had tocomment You need to improve your analysis Ill be asking other students next timeagain
Here is an example of presentation Its not perfect but its a rather good one
The document is a picture where there are two parts In the first part wecan see a white family at the bottom who is sitting in a garden They looksurprised and they are looking at the second family who feels happy and
impressed Contrary to the white family they are standing and clad with
their traditional dress Its a black family
To me the scene takes place in the USA and the goal of this picture is todenounce discrimination which treats people differently in society
The photographer aims at criticizing segregation In this photo theseparation is represented by the fence which is separating Africans from
Americans Segregation in the 20th century in America was when the Blacksand the Whites couldnt blend
To my mind this picture is a good representation of discrimination MartinLuther King and Rosa Park are the symbols of this conflict When I see somepeople wanted to change society and make people aware of these
inequalities through paintings photos speeches or parades Im grateful tothem
The picture attains its objective I like this photo because it denounces very
well the implicit problems of American society in the 20th century(by Rochella D)
Group 2 then we started a new activity about grammar on how to differentiatebetween Present Simple and Present Be + ing
You may download the documents hereyet to be uploaded
Group 1 Then we started a new activity that was initially designed by MissFernandes a colleague in the academy of Caen We first described the pictures of the superheroes
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW You need to finish the description of each picture and prepare the questions toask to your partner about the missing elements in your worksheetBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareMonday 16 november 2009
- Posted in For Fun
The Prisoner - New Series - Trailer
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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A new American series that you will probably LOVE Here is the trailer Looks andsounds fantastic
Exprimer le conseil en anglais
Today after taking a test on Body beauty and body parts (phonetics included) wespoke about superstitions on Friday the 13th And we discovered that Jonathansgrand-ma was extremely supersticious and that some of you believed in supernaturalthings too like Juliette who thinks her mother can read her mind or Camille RL whois sure what she says sometimes comes true Beware of the other Camille T whohas got a black cat She is certainly a witch and she may transform us all intopiglets Just kidding of course )
Here is what we said about superstitions
Today is a special day
On Friday the 13th people who are superstitious believe something terribly
bad or something awesome will happen to them
Examples of supertisions- you shouldnt be 13 around a table
- you shouldnt walk under a ladder- you shouldnt meet a black cat
- you shouldnt break a mirror- you shouldnt celebrate a birthday before
- you should wear a rabbit leg- you shouldnt walk on a line in the street
- you shouldnt cross your legs- you should touch wood when you say something bad
- you shouldnt put hats or shoes on a bed- you shouldnt open your umbrella inside
- you shouldnt put the bread upside down
Remember to express advice there are 3 very simple structures
bull should shouldnt + V
bull had better had better not + V bull ought to ought not to + V
Chocircmage unemployment
Embaucher to hire
bull by + V+ ing au moyen de en + V+ ingbull to + V pour + V (le but)
leisure loisirshigh ndash loweacuteleveacute ndash bas
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3641
ecirctre oblige de to have to + Vto lead to entraicircnerhuge immense= The work-week la semaine de travailIn France the 35 hours-work week was decided and implemented in the 1990rsquos by asocialist government ( Mrs Aubry)
Exercice de traduction 1) Les employeacutes doivent faire des heures suppleacutementairesEmployees must do long hoursEmployees have to do long hours2) Il y a de nombreuses faccedilons de trouver du travailThere are a lot of ways to find work3) Lrsquoimmense augmentation des reacuteseaux sociaux permettent aux gens decommuniquer drsquoavantageThe huge increase of social networks enables people to communicate more4) Le travail suppleacutementaire entraicircne des problegravemes de santeacute pour les hommessurmeneacutes
bull Homebull Mail
bull Photos
bull Music
bull Games + Apps
bull More
o SMS Groups
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Sign Up Sign In
Ask your Question in Exams Education amp References
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Home raquo Education raquo Exams Education ampReferences raquo Question
thornyuml
thornyuml
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I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i mDoing for Improve my english give me your best idea
Asked in Exams Education amp References at 1200 PM on October 09 2008
Tags english idea
This question is closedReport abuse
ntn jainProfile | QampA
Rate this 00
bull Latest Answers(4)
Sort by Latest | Oldest | Top-rated
English is best improved by practice and also by taking a small course to improve grammar and communication skillsThe key to practice is to read newspapers magazines and books almost regularly You can also start talking andexpressing yourself in English with your peers friends and (if possible) relatives
Writing in English is a good habit that will strengthen your expression skills as well In case you complete this all-round approach I am sure you will do well All the best
Answered by Idle Mind an ibibo Master at 409 PM on October 13 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Idle MindProfile | QampA
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you can
Answered by Rachana an ibibo Citizen at 106 PM on October 11 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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RachanaProfile | QampA
well ntn
its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming
future n ways ntn some tips from my side that will help yu improve yu ur english are
i Observe the mouth movements of those who speak English well and try to imitate them
When you are watching television observe the mouth movements of the speakers Repeat what they are saying whileimitating the intonation and rhythm of their speech
ii Until you learn the correct intonation and rhythm of English slow your speech down
If you speak too quickly and with the wrong intonation and rhythm native speakers will have a hard timeunderstanding you
Dont worry about your listener getting impatient with your slow speech -- it is more important that everything you say be understood
iii Listen to the music of English
Do not use the music of your native language when you speak English Each language has its own way of singing
iv Use the dictionary
Try and familiarise yourself with the phonetic symbols of your dictionary Look up the correct pronunciation of wordsthat are hard for you to say
v Make a list of frequently used words that you find difficult to pronounce and ask someone who speaks the languagewell to pronounce them for you
Record these words listen to them and practice saying them Listen and read at the same time
vi Buy books on tape
Record yourself reading some sections of the book Compare the sound of your English with that of the person readingthe book on the tape
vii Pronounce the ending of each word
Pay special attention to S and ED endings This will help you strengthen the mouth muscles that you use when youspeak English
viii Read aloud in English for 15-20 minutes every day
Research has shown it takes about three months of daily practice to develop strong mouth muscles for speaking a newlanguage
ix Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation mistakes
Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice and avoid listening to themselves speak However this is a veryimportant exercise because doing it will help you become conscious of the mistakes you are making
x Be patient
You can change the way you speak but it wont happen overnight People often expect instant results and give up toosoon You can change the way you sound if you are willing to put some effort into it
GOOD LUCK
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Answered by Anant-- an ibibo Master at 133 PM on October 09 2008
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Anant--Profile | QampA
BEST WAY ACCORDING TO ME IS READ DAILY ENGLISH NEWSPAPER IF U COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY ONE OXFORD DICTIONARY AND REFER MEANINGS AND IFU COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY MEANINGS CONVERSION OF ENGLISH TO UR MOTHER TONGUE THIS MAY TAKESOME TIME THERE WILL BE SOME IMPROVEMENT IN JUST 1 MONTH BETTER READ HINDU OR TIMES OF INDIAALL THE BEST
Answered by gyaneshwar an ibibo Citizen at 1258 PM on October 09 2008
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gyaneshwar Profile | QampA
Related Search
Meri english bahot hi weak haimain apni english kaise strong kar sakta hoonkis tarah fluentlyenglish bol sakta hoon
dearthe simple way to improve you english is to particehave you ever heard of the saying Parctise makes a man perfect so even when you you commit mistake try to learn from the mistake and rectify themand simple start askingquestion to people in Englishand if you want yo learn english donot fell embrace in the front of anyone and alsotry to read TIMES OF INDIAN
Posted in Self Development by naqeeb ahmar at 758 PM on March 17 2008Tags meri english bahot weak apni kaise strong sakta tarah fluently hoon
how to improve english plese tell me
to compose simple sentences in your mind when you are alone Stick on the idea you want to convey rather than thegrammar Speak to the native English speakers if possible Chatt with those in internet SearchI dont know the level of your english if you have basics the fun way of learning are english comics cartoon network in english or any english
movies comics will help you in speaking good english
Posted in Love amp Romance by Shiva Singh at 1015 PM on September 24 2008Tags improve english plese
How can i improve my Enlish speaking and writing both
their meanings and use them in your convesationListen to english newsFor writing read the books on letters essaysand storiesslowly you will get the idea of using english in your convenienceFinally findDear Ashok It is good you
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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want to improve your English First and foremost thing you need is YOU All you need to do is give quality time notthe quantity Do make a conscious effort and smart work
Posted in Self Development by ashok sharma at 626 AM on October 14 2008Tags improve enlish writing
how to use GPRS in china made mob prince A960
here most of gprs settings for most of mobile service operator India to enter in your phone mannulay Here you havemanual gprs settings for vodafone hutch idea airtel bsnl airtel live airtel mobile you can enter in your phone andconfigure mannuallyManual Idea gprs Settings1 Account Name - ideaGPRS2 Username - leave Blank3 Password -leave Blank4 Homepage - httpwapideafreshcom5
Posted in Computers amp Technology by vivek soni at 145 AM on June 13 2008Tags gprs help china mad mob
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i m Doing for Improve my englishgive me your best idea
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the
pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you canwell ntn its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming future n ways ntn some tips from my sidethat will help yu improve yu ur english are i Observe
Posted in Exams Education amp References by ntn jain at 939 PM on October 13 2008Tags want improve english improve best
what is html
they want Text is what you will use English letters just like you use everyday Markup is what you will do You willwrite in plain English and then mark up what you wrote Language Some may argue that technically html is a code
but you write html in plain everyday English languageHi RockyHTML is the code behind your webpage and is whatyour browser looks for to display a webpage the way the webdesigner
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Rocky at 258 PM on May 07 2008Tags html
how I improve my english speech
and be confidentYOU CAN DOWNLOAD A LOT OF SOFTWARES FROM INTERNET IT REALLY HELPSAND ANOTHER IDEA IS TO WATCH ENGLISH CHANNELS LIKE METRO NATION NDTV GOOD TIMESAND DONT FORGET TO WATCH NDTV DISCUSSIONSget to c more english movie join times classes on english
they improvise a lotEnglish can be improved by reading booksnewspaper by discussionsThese are certain tips toimprove english
Posted in Counselling by sagar gawde at 803 PM on February 14 2008Tags improve english speech
What is the best way to enhance skills in English Which is most best website which can help tolearn English from basic to a very high class
will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin thinking in English Listening to Native Speakers as Much asPossible is the good idea to enhance your English language skills Here are someFirst of all be motivated become a
person who likes to learn English Using as many different sources methods and tools as possible will allow you tolearn faster There are many different ways
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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Posted in Self Development by RAVINDRA at 644 PM on October 03 2008Tags best enhance skills website help learn english basic high
Who created the first mouse
to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThe first marketed integrated mouseshipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came from the resemblance of earlymodels which had a cord attached to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThefirst marketed integrated mouse shipped as a part
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Aryan Gusain at 212 PM on July 02 2008Tags created first mouse
Do you have any idea for FRANKLYN INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGE Its a spoken English Institutewhich gives Job Guarantee if anyone knows plz let me know
190A Maniktolla Main Road Kolkata-54 phone no 91-33-32401558 91-33-32428200 frankylnkkghotmailcomhi poonamur question gives an idea dat ur command on english is nt poor why u r lookingYou have heard rightFRANKLYN offers spoken english courses and there is also a lot of students pursuing courses there
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull ampm ndash These are Latin abbreviations for the adverbial phrases antemeridiem (before noon) and post meridiem (after noon) Some prescriptivistsargue that they thus should not be used in English as nouns meaning morningand afternoon however such use is consistent with ordinary nominalizationfeatures of English AHD4 lists adjectival usage with an AM appointment [19]
and a PM appointment[20]
RH gives Shall we meet Saturday am[19]
withoutcomment it gives no corresponding example at pm so that usage can only beextrapolated Also the National Institute of Standards and Technology (nd)contends it is incorrect to use 12 am or 12 pm to mean either noon or midnight
bull amongamongst and between ndash The traditionalist view is that between shouldonly be used when there are only two objects for comparison and among or amongst should be used for more than two objects Most style guides anddictionaries do not support this advice saying that between can be used to refer tosomething that is in the time space or interval that separates more than two itemsM-W says that the idea that between can be used only of two items is persistent
but unfounded
[21]
and AHD4 calls it a widely repeated but unjustified tradition[22] The OED says In all senses between has been from its earliest appearanceextended to more than two[23] Chambers says It is acceptable to use between
with reference to more than two people or things although does state that among
may be more appropriate in some circumstances[24] o Undisputed usage I parked my car between the two telegraph poles
o Undisputed usage Youll find my brain between my ears
o Disputed usage The duck swam between the reeds
o Disputed usage They searched the area between the river the farmhouse
and the woodso Undisputed usage We shared the money evenly amongst the three of us
o
Disputed usage We shared the money between Tom Dick and meo Undisputed usage My house was built among the gum trees
bull amount ndash Some prescriptivists argue amount should not be substituted for number They recommend the use of number if the thing referred to is countableand amount only if it is uncountable While RH acknowledges the traditionaldistinction between amount and number it mentions that [a]lthough objected tothe use of amount instead of number with countable nouns occurs in both speechand writing especially when the noun can be considered as a unit or group (theamount of people present the amount of weapons) or when it refers to money(the amount of dollars paid the amount of pennies in the till)[25] (see also less)
o
Disputed usage I was amazed by the amount of people who visited mywebsite (With knowledge of the exact number)o Undisputed usage The number of people in the lift must not exceed 10
o Undisputed usage I was unimpressed by the amount of water consumed
by the elephant
bull and ndash Some prescriptivists argue that sentences should not begin with the wordand on the argument that as a conjunction it should only join clauses within a
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 2041
sentence AHD4 states that this stricture has been ridiculed by grammarians for decades and ignored by writers from Shakespeare to Joyce Carol Oates[26] RHstates Both and and but and to a lesser extent or and so are common astransitional words at the beginnings of sentences in all types of speech andwriting it goes on to suggest that opposition to this usage probably stems from
the overuse of such sentences by inexperienced writers[27]
ENCARTA opinesthat said opposition comes from too literal an understanding of the joiningfunction of conjunctions and states that any overuse is a matter of poor style notgrammatical correctness[28] COED calls the usage quite acceptable[29] Manyverses of the King James Bible begin with and as does William Blakes poem And did those feet in ancient time (aka Jerusalem) Fowlers Modern EnglishUsage defends this use of and Chambers states that Although it is sometimesregarded as poor style it is not ungrammatical to begin a sentence with and [30]
See also also above and but below
bull anxious ndash Some prescriptivists argue that this word should only be used in the
sense of worried or worrisome (compare anxiety) but it has been used inthe sense of eager for over 250 years 52 of AHD4s Usage Panel accepts itsuse in the sentence We are anxious to see the new show of contemporarysculpture at the museum Also it suggests that the use of anxious to mean eager
may be mild hyperbole as the use of dying in the sentence Im dying to see your new baby[31] RH states bluntly that its use in the sense of eageris fullystandard[32] M-W defines anxious as 3 ardently or earnestly wishing ltanxiousto learn moregt synonym see EAGER[33] Chambers gives 3 very eager bullanxious to do well[34]
[edit] B
bull barbaric and barbarous mdash Barbaric applies to the culture of barbarians and may be positive (barbaric splendor) barbarous applies to the behavior of barbariansand is negative (barbarous cruelty) This is standard English usage HoweverM-W equates the third meaning of barbaric with the third of barbarous thatis mercilessly harsh or cruel[35] COD11 and Chambers list savagely cruel andcruel and brutal excessively harsh or vicious[36] respectively as the first
meanings for barbaric Only AHD4 disallows this usage and without comment[37]
o Undisputed The environment of the venue was barbaric
o Undisputed Terrorism is barbarous
o Disputed Capital punishment is a disgusting barbaric measure
bull begging the question In logic begging the question is another term for petitio
principii or arguing in a circle in other words making assumptions in advanceabout the very issue in dispute Now often used to mean simply leading to thequestion
o Undisputed You argue that Christianity must be true because the Bible
says so Isnt that begging the question
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o Disputed You want to go to the theatre That begs the question which day
we should go
bull but ndash Some prescriptivists argue that if and should not be used to begin sentencesthen neither should but These words are both conjunctions thus they believe that
they should be used only to link clauses within a sentence AHD4 states that itmay be used to begin a sentence at all levels of style [38]
[edit] C
bull can and may ndash Some prescriptivists argue that can refers to possibility and may
refers to permission and insist on maintaining this distinction although usage of can to refer to permission is pervasive in spoken and very frequent in writtenEnglish M-W notes Can and may are most frequently interchangeable in sensesdenoting possibility because the possibility of ones doing something may (or can) depend on anothers acquiescence they have also become interchangeable in
the sense denoting permission The use of can to ask or grant permission has beencommon since the 19th century and is well established although somecommentators feel may is more appropriate in formal contexts May is relativelyrare in negative constructions (maynt is not common) cannot and cant are usualin such contexts[39] AHD4 echoes this sentiment of formality noting that only21 of the Usage Panel accepted can in the example Can I take another week tosubmit the application[40] For its part OED labels the use of can for may ascolloquial[41]
bull comprise ndash Comprise means to consist of A second meaning to compose or constitute is sometimes attacked by usage writers However it is supported as
sense 3 along with a usage note in M-W[42] and although AHD4 notes the usageas a usage problem its usage note says Our surveys show that opposition tothis usage is abating In the 1960s 53 percent of the Usage Panel found this usageunacceptable in 1996 only 35 percent objected[43]
o Undisputed usage The English Wikipedia comprises more than two
million articleso Disputed usage The English Wikipedia comprises of more than two
million articleso Disputed usage The English Wikipedia is comprised of more than two
million articleso Disputed usage More than two million articles comprise the English
Wikipediao Disputed usage Diatoms comprise more than 70 of all phytoplankton
o Undisputed usage Diatoms constitute more than 70 of all
phytoplanktono Disputed usage Those in the industry have mostly scoffed at the young
inexperienced Carter and the rest of the high school pals that comprise thecompany[44]
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Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] D
bull deprecate ndash The original meaning in English is deplore or express disapproval
of (the Latin from which the word derives means pray to avert evil suggestingthat some event would be a calamity) The word is now also used to mean playdown belittle or devalue a shift that some prescriptivists disapprove of as itsuggests the word is being confused with the similar word depreciate in factAHD4 states that in this sense deprecate has almost completely supplanteddepreciate however a majority of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved thissense[45] Its use with the approximate meaning to declare obsolete in computer jargon is also sometimes condemned
bull diagnose ndash Cochrane (2004) states that to diagnose [someone] with a disease isan incorrect usage of the verb diagnose which takes the physician as subject and
a disease as object (eg to diagnose cancer) In American English according toAHD4[46] and M-W[47] the sense of diagnose [someone] with a disease is listedwithout comment or tag however for its part RH does not list such a usage withor without comment For British English COD11 offers identify the medicalcondition of (someone) she was diagnosed as having epilepsy (2004) this usagehowever did not appear in editions as recently as the 1990s Chambers does notoffer this sense at all[48]
o Disputed usage Mr Smith was diagnosed with diabetes
o Undisputed usage The doctor diagnosed diabetes
bull different ndash Standard usage in both Britain and America is different from (on the
analogy of to differ from) In Britain this competes with different to (coinedon the analogy of similar to) In America it competes with different than(coined on the analogy of other than) Different to is also found in IrishAustralian and New Zealand English
o Undisputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different
from the Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different to the
Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different than
the British
bull disinterested ndash Standard usage is as a word for unbiased but some have alsorendered it synonymous with uninterested or apathetic
o Undisputed usage As their mutual best friend I tried to remain
disinterested in their argument so as not to anger eithero Disputed usage The key to attracting a member of the opposite sex is to
balance between giving attention to him or her and appearingdisinterested
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bull due to ndash The adjectival use of due to is undisputed Its adverbial use howeverhas been a subject of dispute for many years as witnessed by several (especiallyUS) dictionary usage notes that in the end designate it as standard WilliamStrunk in his Elements of style labelled the disputed adverbial use of due to asincorrect [49] Although the first (1926) edition of FOWLER condemned the
adverbial use as common only among the illiterate the third (1996) editionsaid Opinion remains sharply divided but it begins to look as if this use of due
to will form part of the natural language of the 21C as one more example of aforgotten battle Due to is frequently used in place of from for with of because
of and other prepositions Undisputed synonyms for due to are caused by andattributable to
o Disputed usage He died due to cancer (He died of cancer)
o Disputed usage Due to the end of the Second War circumstances altered
profoundly (With the end of the Second War circumstances altered profoundly)
o Disputed usage The project failed due to lack of funds (The project
failed for lack of funds) o Undisputed usage His death was due to cancer
o Undisputed usage Many thought the problem was due to mismanagement
[edit] E
bull enormity ndash Frequently used as a synonym for enormousness or immensity but traditionally means extreme wickedness According to AHD4 thisdistinction has not always occurred historically but is now supported by 59 of the dictionarys Usage Panel[50] COD11 states that enormity as a synonym for hugeness is now broadly accepted as standard English Although Chambers lists
immenseness or vastness as a meaning it says it should not be used in thatsense commenting that it is encountered often because the word enormousness isawkward it recommends using instead another word such as hugeness greatness etc[51]
o Disputed usage The enormity of the elephant astounded me
o Traditional usage The enormity of Stalins purges astounds me
[edit] F
bull farther and further ndash Many prescriptivists adhere to the rule that farther only
should refer to matters of physical distance or position while further should bereserved for usages involving time or degree (as well as undisputed descriptionsof moreover and in addition)
o Disputed usage San Jose is further from LA than Santa Barbara
o Disputed usage LA was a couple hours farther from home than I
expectedo Disputed usage If her fever increases any farther I will call the doctor
o Undisputed usage I would like to discuss the issue further at a later time
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bull fortuitously ndash Used by some interchangeably with fortunately strictly speaking fortuitousness is a reference to an occurrence depending on chance M-W notesthat use of the word in sense of fortunate has been in standard use for at least 70years and notes that the sense of coming or happening by a lucky chance isvirtually unnoticed by usage critics[52][clarification needed ]
[edit] G
bull gender ndash Gender is often used interchangeably with sex in the sense of the biological or social quality male and female It is never used to refer to sexualintercourse
o Gender traditionally refers to grammatical gender a feature in the
grammar of a number of different languages Some prescriptivists arguethat its use as a euphemism for sex is to be avoided as a genteelismFowler (p 211) says it is used either as a jocularityor a blunder
o Sex and gender can be used in different but related senses with sex
referring to biological characteristics and gender to social roles andexpectations based on sex Use of gender as interchangeable with or as areplacement for sex may confuse readers who draw this distinction See
gender identity gender role
[edit] H
bull hoi polloi ndash The question surrounding hoi polloi is whether it is appropriate to usethe article the preceding the phrase it arises because hoi is the Greek word for the in the phrase and classical purists complain that adding the makes the phrase
redundant the the common people Foreign phrases borrowed into English areoften reanalyzed as single grammatical units requiring an English article inappropriate contexts AHD4 says The Arabic element al- means the andappears in English nouns such as alcohol and alchemy Thus since no one wouldconsider a phrase such as the alcohol to be redundant criticizing the hoi polloi onsimilar grounds seems pedantic[53]
bull hopefully ndash Some prescriptivists argue this word should not be used as anexpression of confidence in an outcome however M-W classes hopefully withother words such as interestingly frankly and unfortunately (which areunremarkably used in a similar way) as disjuncts and describes this usage as
entirely standard
[54]
AHD4 however notes that opposition to this usage by their usage panels has grown from 56 to 73 despite support for similar disjuncts(such as 60 support for the use of mercifully in Mercifully the game ended before the opponents could add another touchdown to the lopsided score) AHD4opines that this opposition is not to the use of these adverbs in general but thatthis use of hopefully has become a shibboleth[55] OED lists this usage withoutany colloquial or other label other than to say Avoided by many writers[56]
See also the discussion of hopefully as a dangling modifier One investigation in
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modern corpora on Language Log revealed that outside fiction where it stillrepresents 40 of all uses (the other qualifying primarily speech and gazes)disjunct uses account for the vast majority (over 90) of all uses of the word[57]
o Disputed usage Hopefully Ill get that scholarship
o Undisputed usage The prisoner thought hopefully about the prospect for
escape when he realized the guards accidentally left his cell unlocked
Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] L
bull less ndash Some prescriptivists argue that less should not be substituted for fewer Merriam-Webster notes The traditional view is that less applies to matters of degree value or amount and modifies collective nouns mass nouns or nounsdenoting an abstract whole while fewer applies to matters of number and modifies plural nouns Less has been used to modify plural nouns since the days of King
Alfred and the usage though roundly decried appears to be increasing Less ismore likely than fewer to modify plural nouns when distances sums of moneyand a few fixed phrases are involved ltless than 100 milesgt ltan investment of less
than $2000gt ltin 25 words or lessgt and as likely as fewer to modify periods of time ltin less (or fewer ) than four hoursgt[58]
o Disputed usage This lane 12 items or less
o Undisputed usage We had fewer players on the team this season
o Undisputed usage There is less water in the tank now
bull like and as ndash Some prescriptivists object to the use of like as a conjunction statingit is rather a preposition and that only as would be appropriate in this
circumstance M-W however cites likes use as a conjunction as standard sincethe 14th century and opines that opposition to it is perhaps more heated thanrational (see M-Ws entry like [7 conjunction]) AHD4 says Writers sinceChaucers time have used like as a conjunction but 19th-century and 20th-centurycritics have been so vehement in their condemnations of this usage that a writer who uses the construction in formal style risks being accused of illiteracy or worse and recommends using as in formal speech and writing[59] OED does nottag it as colloquial or nonstandard but notes Used as conj[unction] = like asas Now generally condemned as vulgar or slovenly though examples may befound in many recent writers of standing[60] Chambers lists the conjunctive useas colloquial[61]
o Undisputed usage He is an American as am Io Undisputed usage He is an American like me
o Undisputed usage It looks as if this play will be a flop
o Undisputed usage This play looks like a flop
o Disputed usage He is an American like I am
o Disputed usage It looks like this play will be a flop
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bull literally ndash Some prescriptivists argue literally should not be used as a mereemphatic unless the thing to which it refers is actually true It is used todisambiguate a possible metaphorical interpretation of a phrase M-W does notcondemn the second use which means in effect or virtually but says the useis pure hyperbole intended to gain emphasis but it often appears in contexts
where no additional emphasis is necessary[62]
o Disputed usage The party literally went with a bang (No it did not
unless there was an actual loud noise)o Undisputed usage I literally ran more than 25 miles today I ran a
marathon
bull loan ndash The use of loan as a verb meaning to give out a loan is disputed withlend being preferred for the verb form AHD4 flatly states [t]he verb loan is wellestablished in American usage and cannot be considered incorrect[63] M-W statesloan is entirely standard as a verb[64] RH says Sometimes mistakenlyidentified as an Americanism loan as a verb meaning to lend has been used in
English for nearly 800 years it further states that objections to this use arecomparatively recent[65] Chambers defines the verb loan as to lend (especiallymoney)[66] OED merely states Now chiefly US[67] and COD11 includes themeaning without tag or comment
o Undisputed usage I lent him some money
o Undisputed usage Fill out the paperwork for a loan
o Disputed usage I loaned him some money
[edit] M
bull may and might ndash May should only be used where the event in question is still
possible not for something that was possible in the past or for a hypothetical present possibility Might is properly the past tense form of may (In similar fashion could should and would are all past tense forms for can shalland will respectively)
o Undisputed usage My brother may have gone to China last week
( perhaps he did )o Disputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother may have gone
to China last week (but he didnt )o Undisputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother might have
gone to China last weeko Disputed usage He thought it may be true (but it wasnt )
o Undisputed usage He thought it might be true
bull meet ndash Some prescriptivists state that as a transitive verb in the context to cometogether by chance or arrangement meet (as in meet (someone)) does not requirea preposition between verb and object the phrase meet with (someone) is deemedincorrect Chambers flags this usage US[68] RH allows it in the sense of to joinas for conference or instruction I met with her an hour a day until we solved the problem[69] On the other hand none of M-W AHD4 or COD11 entertains this
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usage NOTE In the sense of fulfilling prerequisites or criteria (We met with theentry requirements) or that of encountering (Our suggestions may meet with
opposition the soldiers met with machine-gun fire) the verb phrase meet with isnot in dispute
o Disputed usage I will meet with you tonight
o
Undisputed usage I will meet you tonight
bull momentarily ndash Traditionally momentarily means for a moment but its use tomean in a moment is sometimes disputed M-W[70] and RH[71] give this latter usage a standard entry without comment while OED[72] and Chambers[73] tag itNAmer AHD4 has a usage note indicating that 59 of their Usage Paneldeems this usage unacceptable[74]
o Disputed usage Your feature presentation will begin momentarily
o Undisputed usage The flash from the atom bomb momentarily lit up the
night sky
[edit] N
bull nauseous ndash Traditionally nauseous means causing nausea (synonymous withnauseating) it is commonly used now as a synonym for queasy that ishaving the feeling of nausea AHD4 notes the traditional view stating that 72 of the Usage Panel preferred nauseated over nauseous to mean affected withnausea however 88 of that same panel preferred nauseating to nauseous tomean causing nausea in other words a maximum of only 28 prefersnauseous in either case It also states that in common usage nauseous issynonymous with nauseated but deems this usage incorrect[75] M-W howeverasserts that [t]hose who insist that nauseous is an error for nauseated are
mistaken[76] Both M-W and AHD4 accept that nauseous is supplantingnauseated for feeling nausea and in turn being replaced by nauseating for causing nausea in general usage they only differ on the correctness of thechange RH states The two literal senses of nauseous [] appear in English atalmost the same time in the early 17th century and both senses are in standard useat the present time Nauseous is more common than nauseated in the senseaffected with nausea despite recent objections by those who imagine the sense to be new[77] CHAMBERS lists the sense of causing nausea first and affected withnausea second[78] while COD11 gives the affliction first and causation second both dictionaries list the entries without comment OED goes further tagging itsnauseated usage as Orig[inally] US but demoted its nauseating usage to
literary OED also notes that the original (now obsolete) sense of the word inEnglish was inclined to sickness or nausea squeamish[79] Curiously this oldestseventeenth-century meaning (inclined to nausea) while distinct from thedisputed twentieth-century usage (afflicted by nausea) more closely resemblesthe latter than it does the prescribed meaning (causing nausea)
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseous
o Disputed usage That smell is making me nauseous
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseating
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future tense (The supervisor will be back presently)[80] M-W mentions the samevintage for the sense of now and that it is not clear why it is objectionable[81]
AHD4 states that despite its use nowadays in literate speech and writing thatthere is still lingering prejudice against this use In the late 1980s only 50 of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved of the sentence General Walters is hellip
presently the United States Ambassador to the United Nations[82]
COD11 lists both usages without comment CHAMBERS merely flags the sense of now asN Amer especially US[83]
o Disputed usage I am presently reading Wikipedia
o Undisputed usage I will be finished with that activity presently
[edit] R
bull refute ndash The traditional meaning of refute is disprove or dispel with reasoned
arguments It is now often used as a synonym for deny The latter sense islisted without comment by M-W[84] and AHD4[85] while CHAMBERS tags it ascolloquial[86] COD11 states that Traditionalists object to [the use of refute asdeny] but it is now widely accepted in standard English However RH does notmention this use at all[87]
bull relatively ndash Literally meaning compared to some now use relatively to meanmoderately or somewhat AHD4 does not list this usage at all [88] M-W hasapparently blended the two usages in one[89]
o Disputed usage That man was relatively annoying
o Undisputed usage Though relatively harmless when compared to
dimethylmercury mercury (II) oxide is still quite toxic
[edit] S
bull Scotch Scots and Scottish ndash Formerly English people used Scotch whereScottish people used Scottish The current convention is as follows
o Scottish for people
o Scotch for things (especially whisky)
o Scots for institutions (Scots law Scots language)
bull
seek ndash This means look for but is used to mean try or want This usage iscriticised by Fowler in the entry Formal Words
o Disputed usage we did seek to resolve the Iraq crisis by peaceful
means those who seek to emulate his legacy of murder the Liberalsseek to undermine that future[attribution needed ]
o Undisputed usage Seek and ye shall find
[edit] T
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bull than mdash Than is the subject of a longstanding dispute as to its status as a preposition or conjunction see than For the disputed construction different thansee Different
bull they mdash Prescriptivists regard this as a plural pronoun that uses a third person
plural verb conjugation (see below they show) but the word is now commonlyused especially in speech and informal writing as a non-gender-specific third- person singular pronoun (which modern English otherwise lacks) Alternativesinclude he or she and generic he Some writers argue that generic he isgeneric (as the name implies) and thus includes both sexes Others find it sexist or too old-fashioned The pronouns you or one can be used in some sentences
o Disputed usage A person is rude if they show no respect for their hosts
o Undisputed usage One is rude if one shows no respect for ones hosts
o Undisputed usage It is rude not to show respect for hosts
o Undisputed usage Many people have told me that they are satisfied with
their food
bull thusly mdash Thusly (AHD4 suggests) was originally coined by educated writers tomake fun of uneducated persons trying to sound genteel[90] Thusly howeverdiffused into popular usage Some people accept it as an adverb in its own rightwhile others believe thus should be used in all cases The word thusly appearswith no associated usage notes in M-W[91] COD11 tags it as informal with theentry thus tagged as literary or formal CHAMBERS does not list the word atall and it is unknown in British usage[92]
[edit] U
bull unique ndash Some prescriptivists argue that unique only means sole or unequaled (British spelling unequalled) but most dictionaries give a thirdmeaning unusual which can be qualified by very or somewhat as in Thetheme of the party was somewhat unique see comparison Almost unique isuniversally acceptable[citation needed ]
[edit] W
bull
whilst and while mdash Penguin Working Words recommends while only and notesthat whilst is old-fashioned Cambridge Guide to English Usage and M-WsWebsters Guide to English Usage comment on its regional character and notethat it is rare in American usage It is thus safer to use only while in internationalEnglish (See the article While for further sources deprecating the use of whilst and cautioning about uses of while)
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bull who mdash Some prescriptivists argue that who should be used only as a subject pronoun the corresponding object pronoun being whom Strictly speakingusing who instead of whom is substituting a subjective pronoun for an objective pronoun and hence is the same as using she instead of her (eg I talked to she
today) Most people never use whom in spoken English and instead use who for
all cases Those who use whom in everyday speech may recognize substitution of who as substandard FOWLER has an extensive entry on who and whom
including several quotes from major publications where whom is used incorrectlyo Undisputed usage You are talking to whom
o Disputed usage You are talking to who
o Undisputed usage To whom are you talking
o Disputed usage To who are you talking
o Disputed usage far more hostile to Diana whom she believes betrayed
the Prince of WalesmdashIndependent Mag 1993 (FOWLER)o Undisputed usage far more hostile to Diana who she believes betrayed
the Prince of Wales
o Disputed usage Whom do men say that I am (Mark 927 King JamesVersion)
bull whoever mdash This extension of who (see above) along with its object formwhomever is attended by the same uncertainties as who along with whom and isdiscussed in the same sources (See the relevant section at Who)
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever wants it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever you think should have it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whomever you choose to give it
o Disputed usage Give it to whoever you choose to give it to
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever wants it
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever you think should have it
Module - Pair work - Asking questions to yourpartner
Hey
with Group 2 we first talked a little about food at the beginning of the class as awarm up And here is what we said
to be written by Franc
Then today was the first day that we worked in pairs You had to find informationabout superhero characters asking questions to your partner
Here are the two worksheets if you still need to complete them
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW you need to be able to speak about the picture of a super hero + speak about
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their story + give the common points between all the super heroes presented Yourpresentation will last about 3 to 5 minutes You can send me some drafts (brouillon)if neededBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - Tale LV2
Southern Trees - beginning of the study
Hey
today we first warmed up about your future jobs while waiting for those who werelate Here is what you said
I would like to become an architect when I leave highschool (Selma)I want to study law to be a lawyer maybe ( Jeacuterocircme)
Structures WANT TO WOULD LIKE TO -- Attention aux noms de meacutetiers quisont preacuteceacutedeacutes de larticle aan
Then we did a quick recap about what Jim Crow laws used to be Here is what wesaid
bull Jim Crow Laws
These were laws about racial segregation until the end of the 1960sBlacks were not allowed to go to school with Whites
Blacks were not allowed to attend school with WhitesBlacks were forbidden to live together there were separate water
fountains rest rooms or entrances at restaurantsThey were prohibited to sit at the front of a bus
bull KKK(1865-)
white Protestantssupremacy of the white race
white costumesterrorism and violence to oppress Blacks
Finally we listened to the text and we started our general comprehesion by
highlighting the important information about the type of document the places thetime Here is what we wrote
bull Text Southern Trees
- type of doc extract from the autobiographic novel of Billie Holliday- who Billie Holliday Lewis Allen piano player of Billie Pop audience bitch
- where in New-York at Cafe Society on 52nd Street Miami Los Angeles
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- when published in 1956
HW you need to finish answering the usual wh- questions about the text (inparticular about the feelings of the characters involved) You also need to divide thetext into 2 parts give them a title and justify your titles
NB you will have a vocabulary test next week with the words from the lesson andthe words from the tool box p 53 You may also have a test about the text andabout racial discrimination in the US on Wednesday It will depend on how far we areinto the study of the document Southern TreesBy English Prof
Enter comment - View comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Spiderman - Page 3
This morning with the whole class we first warmed up with why I was a little late inclass Here is what we wrote
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
Then we studied the last page from Spiderman
There was a secretary for each person that spoke about a panel Here are the notesthat we took while they were speaking
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
HW you will be able to speak about the document at the beginning of the class in arow (dun seul trait )You can download the last page here
By English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Oral tests about picture presentation + Lastsuperhero activity in pair work
Hey
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today in module I asked you to speak about the picture p 152 that you had tocomment You need to improve your analysis Ill be asking other students next timeagain
Here is an example of presentation Its not perfect but its a rather good one
The document is a picture where there are two parts In the first part wecan see a white family at the bottom who is sitting in a garden They looksurprised and they are looking at the second family who feels happy and
impressed Contrary to the white family they are standing and clad with
their traditional dress Its a black family
To me the scene takes place in the USA and the goal of this picture is todenounce discrimination which treats people differently in society
The photographer aims at criticizing segregation In this photo theseparation is represented by the fence which is separating Africans from
Americans Segregation in the 20th century in America was when the Blacksand the Whites couldnt blend
To my mind this picture is a good representation of discrimination MartinLuther King and Rosa Park are the symbols of this conflict When I see somepeople wanted to change society and make people aware of these
inequalities through paintings photos speeches or parades Im grateful tothem
The picture attains its objective I like this photo because it denounces very
well the implicit problems of American society in the 20th century(by Rochella D)
Group 2 then we started a new activity about grammar on how to differentiatebetween Present Simple and Present Be + ing
You may download the documents hereyet to be uploaded
Group 1 Then we started a new activity that was initially designed by MissFernandes a colleague in the academy of Caen We first described the pictures of the superheroes
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW You need to finish the description of each picture and prepare the questions toask to your partner about the missing elements in your worksheetBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareMonday 16 november 2009
- Posted in For Fun
The Prisoner - New Series - Trailer
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A new American series that you will probably LOVE Here is the trailer Looks andsounds fantastic
Exprimer le conseil en anglais
Today after taking a test on Body beauty and body parts (phonetics included) wespoke about superstitions on Friday the 13th And we discovered that Jonathansgrand-ma was extremely supersticious and that some of you believed in supernaturalthings too like Juliette who thinks her mother can read her mind or Camille RL whois sure what she says sometimes comes true Beware of the other Camille T whohas got a black cat She is certainly a witch and she may transform us all intopiglets Just kidding of course )
Here is what we said about superstitions
Today is a special day
On Friday the 13th people who are superstitious believe something terribly
bad or something awesome will happen to them
Examples of supertisions- you shouldnt be 13 around a table
- you shouldnt walk under a ladder- you shouldnt meet a black cat
- you shouldnt break a mirror- you shouldnt celebrate a birthday before
- you should wear a rabbit leg- you shouldnt walk on a line in the street
- you shouldnt cross your legs- you should touch wood when you say something bad
- you shouldnt put hats or shoes on a bed- you shouldnt open your umbrella inside
- you shouldnt put the bread upside down
Remember to express advice there are 3 very simple structures
bull should shouldnt + V
bull had better had better not + V bull ought to ought not to + V
Chocircmage unemployment
Embaucher to hire
bull by + V+ ing au moyen de en + V+ ingbull to + V pour + V (le but)
leisure loisirshigh ndash loweacuteleveacute ndash bas
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ecirctre oblige de to have to + Vto lead to entraicircnerhuge immense= The work-week la semaine de travailIn France the 35 hours-work week was decided and implemented in the 1990rsquos by asocialist government ( Mrs Aubry)
Exercice de traduction 1) Les employeacutes doivent faire des heures suppleacutementairesEmployees must do long hoursEmployees have to do long hours2) Il y a de nombreuses faccedilons de trouver du travailThere are a lot of ways to find work3) Lrsquoimmense augmentation des reacuteseaux sociaux permettent aux gens decommuniquer drsquoavantageThe huge increase of social networks enables people to communicate more4) Le travail suppleacutementaire entraicircne des problegravemes de santeacute pour les hommessurmeneacutes
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thornyuml
thornyuml
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I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i mDoing for Improve my english give me your best idea
Asked in Exams Education amp References at 1200 PM on October 09 2008
Tags english idea
This question is closedReport abuse
ntn jainProfile | QampA
Rate this 00
bull Latest Answers(4)
Sort by Latest | Oldest | Top-rated
English is best improved by practice and also by taking a small course to improve grammar and communication skillsThe key to practice is to read newspapers magazines and books almost regularly You can also start talking andexpressing yourself in English with your peers friends and (if possible) relatives
Writing in English is a good habit that will strengthen your expression skills as well In case you complete this all-round approach I am sure you will do well All the best
Answered by Idle Mind an ibibo Master at 409 PM on October 13 2008
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Idle MindProfile | QampA
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you can
Answered by Rachana an ibibo Citizen at 106 PM on October 11 2008
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RachanaProfile | QampA
well ntn
its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming
future n ways ntn some tips from my side that will help yu improve yu ur english are
i Observe the mouth movements of those who speak English well and try to imitate them
When you are watching television observe the mouth movements of the speakers Repeat what they are saying whileimitating the intonation and rhythm of their speech
ii Until you learn the correct intonation and rhythm of English slow your speech down
If you speak too quickly and with the wrong intonation and rhythm native speakers will have a hard timeunderstanding you
Dont worry about your listener getting impatient with your slow speech -- it is more important that everything you say be understood
iii Listen to the music of English
Do not use the music of your native language when you speak English Each language has its own way of singing
iv Use the dictionary
Try and familiarise yourself with the phonetic symbols of your dictionary Look up the correct pronunciation of wordsthat are hard for you to say
v Make a list of frequently used words that you find difficult to pronounce and ask someone who speaks the languagewell to pronounce them for you
Record these words listen to them and practice saying them Listen and read at the same time
vi Buy books on tape
Record yourself reading some sections of the book Compare the sound of your English with that of the person readingthe book on the tape
vii Pronounce the ending of each word
Pay special attention to S and ED endings This will help you strengthen the mouth muscles that you use when youspeak English
viii Read aloud in English for 15-20 minutes every day
Research has shown it takes about three months of daily practice to develop strong mouth muscles for speaking a newlanguage
ix Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation mistakes
Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice and avoid listening to themselves speak However this is a veryimportant exercise because doing it will help you become conscious of the mistakes you are making
x Be patient
You can change the way you speak but it wont happen overnight People often expect instant results and give up toosoon You can change the way you sound if you are willing to put some effort into it
GOOD LUCK
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Answered by Anant-- an ibibo Master at 133 PM on October 09 2008
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Anant--Profile | QampA
BEST WAY ACCORDING TO ME IS READ DAILY ENGLISH NEWSPAPER IF U COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY ONE OXFORD DICTIONARY AND REFER MEANINGS AND IFU COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY MEANINGS CONVERSION OF ENGLISH TO UR MOTHER TONGUE THIS MAY TAKESOME TIME THERE WILL BE SOME IMPROVEMENT IN JUST 1 MONTH BETTER READ HINDU OR TIMES OF INDIAALL THE BEST
Answered by gyaneshwar an ibibo Citizen at 1258 PM on October 09 2008
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gyaneshwar Profile | QampA
Related Search
Meri english bahot hi weak haimain apni english kaise strong kar sakta hoonkis tarah fluentlyenglish bol sakta hoon
dearthe simple way to improve you english is to particehave you ever heard of the saying Parctise makes a man perfect so even when you you commit mistake try to learn from the mistake and rectify themand simple start askingquestion to people in Englishand if you want yo learn english donot fell embrace in the front of anyone and alsotry to read TIMES OF INDIAN
Posted in Self Development by naqeeb ahmar at 758 PM on March 17 2008Tags meri english bahot weak apni kaise strong sakta tarah fluently hoon
how to improve english plese tell me
to compose simple sentences in your mind when you are alone Stick on the idea you want to convey rather than thegrammar Speak to the native English speakers if possible Chatt with those in internet SearchI dont know the level of your english if you have basics the fun way of learning are english comics cartoon network in english or any english
movies comics will help you in speaking good english
Posted in Love amp Romance by Shiva Singh at 1015 PM on September 24 2008Tags improve english plese
How can i improve my Enlish speaking and writing both
their meanings and use them in your convesationListen to english newsFor writing read the books on letters essaysand storiesslowly you will get the idea of using english in your convenienceFinally findDear Ashok It is good you
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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want to improve your English First and foremost thing you need is YOU All you need to do is give quality time notthe quantity Do make a conscious effort and smart work
Posted in Self Development by ashok sharma at 626 AM on October 14 2008Tags improve enlish writing
how to use GPRS in china made mob prince A960
here most of gprs settings for most of mobile service operator India to enter in your phone mannulay Here you havemanual gprs settings for vodafone hutch idea airtel bsnl airtel live airtel mobile you can enter in your phone andconfigure mannuallyManual Idea gprs Settings1 Account Name - ideaGPRS2 Username - leave Blank3 Password -leave Blank4 Homepage - httpwapideafreshcom5
Posted in Computers amp Technology by vivek soni at 145 AM on June 13 2008Tags gprs help china mad mob
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i m Doing for Improve my englishgive me your best idea
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the
pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you canwell ntn its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming future n ways ntn some tips from my sidethat will help yu improve yu ur english are i Observe
Posted in Exams Education amp References by ntn jain at 939 PM on October 13 2008Tags want improve english improve best
what is html
they want Text is what you will use English letters just like you use everyday Markup is what you will do You willwrite in plain English and then mark up what you wrote Language Some may argue that technically html is a code
but you write html in plain everyday English languageHi RockyHTML is the code behind your webpage and is whatyour browser looks for to display a webpage the way the webdesigner
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Rocky at 258 PM on May 07 2008Tags html
how I improve my english speech
and be confidentYOU CAN DOWNLOAD A LOT OF SOFTWARES FROM INTERNET IT REALLY HELPSAND ANOTHER IDEA IS TO WATCH ENGLISH CHANNELS LIKE METRO NATION NDTV GOOD TIMESAND DONT FORGET TO WATCH NDTV DISCUSSIONSget to c more english movie join times classes on english
they improvise a lotEnglish can be improved by reading booksnewspaper by discussionsThese are certain tips toimprove english
Posted in Counselling by sagar gawde at 803 PM on February 14 2008Tags improve english speech
What is the best way to enhance skills in English Which is most best website which can help tolearn English from basic to a very high class
will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin thinking in English Listening to Native Speakers as Much asPossible is the good idea to enhance your English language skills Here are someFirst of all be motivated become a
person who likes to learn English Using as many different sources methods and tools as possible will allow you tolearn faster There are many different ways
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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Posted in Self Development by RAVINDRA at 644 PM on October 03 2008Tags best enhance skills website help learn english basic high
Who created the first mouse
to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThe first marketed integrated mouseshipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came from the resemblance of earlymodels which had a cord attached to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThefirst marketed integrated mouse shipped as a part
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Aryan Gusain at 212 PM on July 02 2008Tags created first mouse
Do you have any idea for FRANKLYN INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGE Its a spoken English Institutewhich gives Job Guarantee if anyone knows plz let me know
190A Maniktolla Main Road Kolkata-54 phone no 91-33-32401558 91-33-32428200 frankylnkkghotmailcomhi poonamur question gives an idea dat ur command on english is nt poor why u r lookingYou have heard rightFRANKLYN offers spoken english courses and there is also a lot of students pursuing courses there
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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sentence AHD4 states that this stricture has been ridiculed by grammarians for decades and ignored by writers from Shakespeare to Joyce Carol Oates[26] RHstates Both and and but and to a lesser extent or and so are common astransitional words at the beginnings of sentences in all types of speech andwriting it goes on to suggest that opposition to this usage probably stems from
the overuse of such sentences by inexperienced writers[27]
ENCARTA opinesthat said opposition comes from too literal an understanding of the joiningfunction of conjunctions and states that any overuse is a matter of poor style notgrammatical correctness[28] COED calls the usage quite acceptable[29] Manyverses of the King James Bible begin with and as does William Blakes poem And did those feet in ancient time (aka Jerusalem) Fowlers Modern EnglishUsage defends this use of and Chambers states that Although it is sometimesregarded as poor style it is not ungrammatical to begin a sentence with and [30]
See also also above and but below
bull anxious ndash Some prescriptivists argue that this word should only be used in the
sense of worried or worrisome (compare anxiety) but it has been used inthe sense of eager for over 250 years 52 of AHD4s Usage Panel accepts itsuse in the sentence We are anxious to see the new show of contemporarysculpture at the museum Also it suggests that the use of anxious to mean eager
may be mild hyperbole as the use of dying in the sentence Im dying to see your new baby[31] RH states bluntly that its use in the sense of eageris fullystandard[32] M-W defines anxious as 3 ardently or earnestly wishing ltanxiousto learn moregt synonym see EAGER[33] Chambers gives 3 very eager bullanxious to do well[34]
[edit] B
bull barbaric and barbarous mdash Barbaric applies to the culture of barbarians and may be positive (barbaric splendor) barbarous applies to the behavior of barbariansand is negative (barbarous cruelty) This is standard English usage HoweverM-W equates the third meaning of barbaric with the third of barbarous thatis mercilessly harsh or cruel[35] COD11 and Chambers list savagely cruel andcruel and brutal excessively harsh or vicious[36] respectively as the first
meanings for barbaric Only AHD4 disallows this usage and without comment[37]
o Undisputed The environment of the venue was barbaric
o Undisputed Terrorism is barbarous
o Disputed Capital punishment is a disgusting barbaric measure
bull begging the question In logic begging the question is another term for petitio
principii or arguing in a circle in other words making assumptions in advanceabout the very issue in dispute Now often used to mean simply leading to thequestion
o Undisputed You argue that Christianity must be true because the Bible
says so Isnt that begging the question
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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o Disputed You want to go to the theatre That begs the question which day
we should go
bull but ndash Some prescriptivists argue that if and should not be used to begin sentencesthen neither should but These words are both conjunctions thus they believe that
they should be used only to link clauses within a sentence AHD4 states that itmay be used to begin a sentence at all levels of style [38]
[edit] C
bull can and may ndash Some prescriptivists argue that can refers to possibility and may
refers to permission and insist on maintaining this distinction although usage of can to refer to permission is pervasive in spoken and very frequent in writtenEnglish M-W notes Can and may are most frequently interchangeable in sensesdenoting possibility because the possibility of ones doing something may (or can) depend on anothers acquiescence they have also become interchangeable in
the sense denoting permission The use of can to ask or grant permission has beencommon since the 19th century and is well established although somecommentators feel may is more appropriate in formal contexts May is relativelyrare in negative constructions (maynt is not common) cannot and cant are usualin such contexts[39] AHD4 echoes this sentiment of formality noting that only21 of the Usage Panel accepted can in the example Can I take another week tosubmit the application[40] For its part OED labels the use of can for may ascolloquial[41]
bull comprise ndash Comprise means to consist of A second meaning to compose or constitute is sometimes attacked by usage writers However it is supported as
sense 3 along with a usage note in M-W[42] and although AHD4 notes the usageas a usage problem its usage note says Our surveys show that opposition tothis usage is abating In the 1960s 53 percent of the Usage Panel found this usageunacceptable in 1996 only 35 percent objected[43]
o Undisputed usage The English Wikipedia comprises more than two
million articleso Disputed usage The English Wikipedia comprises of more than two
million articleso Disputed usage The English Wikipedia is comprised of more than two
million articleso Disputed usage More than two million articles comprise the English
Wikipediao Disputed usage Diatoms comprise more than 70 of all phytoplankton
o Undisputed usage Diatoms constitute more than 70 of all
phytoplanktono Disputed usage Those in the industry have mostly scoffed at the young
inexperienced Carter and the rest of the high school pals that comprise thecompany[44]
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] D
bull deprecate ndash The original meaning in English is deplore or express disapproval
of (the Latin from which the word derives means pray to avert evil suggestingthat some event would be a calamity) The word is now also used to mean playdown belittle or devalue a shift that some prescriptivists disapprove of as itsuggests the word is being confused with the similar word depreciate in factAHD4 states that in this sense deprecate has almost completely supplanteddepreciate however a majority of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved thissense[45] Its use with the approximate meaning to declare obsolete in computer jargon is also sometimes condemned
bull diagnose ndash Cochrane (2004) states that to diagnose [someone] with a disease isan incorrect usage of the verb diagnose which takes the physician as subject and
a disease as object (eg to diagnose cancer) In American English according toAHD4[46] and M-W[47] the sense of diagnose [someone] with a disease is listedwithout comment or tag however for its part RH does not list such a usage withor without comment For British English COD11 offers identify the medicalcondition of (someone) she was diagnosed as having epilepsy (2004) this usagehowever did not appear in editions as recently as the 1990s Chambers does notoffer this sense at all[48]
o Disputed usage Mr Smith was diagnosed with diabetes
o Undisputed usage The doctor diagnosed diabetes
bull different ndash Standard usage in both Britain and America is different from (on the
analogy of to differ from) In Britain this competes with different to (coinedon the analogy of similar to) In America it competes with different than(coined on the analogy of other than) Different to is also found in IrishAustralian and New Zealand English
o Undisputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different
from the Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different to the
Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different than
the British
bull disinterested ndash Standard usage is as a word for unbiased but some have alsorendered it synonymous with uninterested or apathetic
o Undisputed usage As their mutual best friend I tried to remain
disinterested in their argument so as not to anger eithero Disputed usage The key to attracting a member of the opposite sex is to
balance between giving attention to him or her and appearingdisinterested
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bull due to ndash The adjectival use of due to is undisputed Its adverbial use howeverhas been a subject of dispute for many years as witnessed by several (especiallyUS) dictionary usage notes that in the end designate it as standard WilliamStrunk in his Elements of style labelled the disputed adverbial use of due to asincorrect [49] Although the first (1926) edition of FOWLER condemned the
adverbial use as common only among the illiterate the third (1996) editionsaid Opinion remains sharply divided but it begins to look as if this use of due
to will form part of the natural language of the 21C as one more example of aforgotten battle Due to is frequently used in place of from for with of because
of and other prepositions Undisputed synonyms for due to are caused by andattributable to
o Disputed usage He died due to cancer (He died of cancer)
o Disputed usage Due to the end of the Second War circumstances altered
profoundly (With the end of the Second War circumstances altered profoundly)
o Disputed usage The project failed due to lack of funds (The project
failed for lack of funds) o Undisputed usage His death was due to cancer
o Undisputed usage Many thought the problem was due to mismanagement
[edit] E
bull enormity ndash Frequently used as a synonym for enormousness or immensity but traditionally means extreme wickedness According to AHD4 thisdistinction has not always occurred historically but is now supported by 59 of the dictionarys Usage Panel[50] COD11 states that enormity as a synonym for hugeness is now broadly accepted as standard English Although Chambers lists
immenseness or vastness as a meaning it says it should not be used in thatsense commenting that it is encountered often because the word enormousness isawkward it recommends using instead another word such as hugeness greatness etc[51]
o Disputed usage The enormity of the elephant astounded me
o Traditional usage The enormity of Stalins purges astounds me
[edit] F
bull farther and further ndash Many prescriptivists adhere to the rule that farther only
should refer to matters of physical distance or position while further should bereserved for usages involving time or degree (as well as undisputed descriptionsof moreover and in addition)
o Disputed usage San Jose is further from LA than Santa Barbara
o Disputed usage LA was a couple hours farther from home than I
expectedo Disputed usage If her fever increases any farther I will call the doctor
o Undisputed usage I would like to discuss the issue further at a later time
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull fortuitously ndash Used by some interchangeably with fortunately strictly speaking fortuitousness is a reference to an occurrence depending on chance M-W notesthat use of the word in sense of fortunate has been in standard use for at least 70years and notes that the sense of coming or happening by a lucky chance isvirtually unnoticed by usage critics[52][clarification needed ]
[edit] G
bull gender ndash Gender is often used interchangeably with sex in the sense of the biological or social quality male and female It is never used to refer to sexualintercourse
o Gender traditionally refers to grammatical gender a feature in the
grammar of a number of different languages Some prescriptivists arguethat its use as a euphemism for sex is to be avoided as a genteelismFowler (p 211) says it is used either as a jocularityor a blunder
o Sex and gender can be used in different but related senses with sex
referring to biological characteristics and gender to social roles andexpectations based on sex Use of gender as interchangeable with or as areplacement for sex may confuse readers who draw this distinction See
gender identity gender role
[edit] H
bull hoi polloi ndash The question surrounding hoi polloi is whether it is appropriate to usethe article the preceding the phrase it arises because hoi is the Greek word for the in the phrase and classical purists complain that adding the makes the phrase
redundant the the common people Foreign phrases borrowed into English areoften reanalyzed as single grammatical units requiring an English article inappropriate contexts AHD4 says The Arabic element al- means the andappears in English nouns such as alcohol and alchemy Thus since no one wouldconsider a phrase such as the alcohol to be redundant criticizing the hoi polloi onsimilar grounds seems pedantic[53]
bull hopefully ndash Some prescriptivists argue this word should not be used as anexpression of confidence in an outcome however M-W classes hopefully withother words such as interestingly frankly and unfortunately (which areunremarkably used in a similar way) as disjuncts and describes this usage as
entirely standard
[54]
AHD4 however notes that opposition to this usage by their usage panels has grown from 56 to 73 despite support for similar disjuncts(such as 60 support for the use of mercifully in Mercifully the game ended before the opponents could add another touchdown to the lopsided score) AHD4opines that this opposition is not to the use of these adverbs in general but thatthis use of hopefully has become a shibboleth[55] OED lists this usage withoutany colloquial or other label other than to say Avoided by many writers[56]
See also the discussion of hopefully as a dangling modifier One investigation in
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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modern corpora on Language Log revealed that outside fiction where it stillrepresents 40 of all uses (the other qualifying primarily speech and gazes)disjunct uses account for the vast majority (over 90) of all uses of the word[57]
o Disputed usage Hopefully Ill get that scholarship
o Undisputed usage The prisoner thought hopefully about the prospect for
escape when he realized the guards accidentally left his cell unlocked
Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] L
bull less ndash Some prescriptivists argue that less should not be substituted for fewer Merriam-Webster notes The traditional view is that less applies to matters of degree value or amount and modifies collective nouns mass nouns or nounsdenoting an abstract whole while fewer applies to matters of number and modifies plural nouns Less has been used to modify plural nouns since the days of King
Alfred and the usage though roundly decried appears to be increasing Less ismore likely than fewer to modify plural nouns when distances sums of moneyand a few fixed phrases are involved ltless than 100 milesgt ltan investment of less
than $2000gt ltin 25 words or lessgt and as likely as fewer to modify periods of time ltin less (or fewer ) than four hoursgt[58]
o Disputed usage This lane 12 items or less
o Undisputed usage We had fewer players on the team this season
o Undisputed usage There is less water in the tank now
bull like and as ndash Some prescriptivists object to the use of like as a conjunction statingit is rather a preposition and that only as would be appropriate in this
circumstance M-W however cites likes use as a conjunction as standard sincethe 14th century and opines that opposition to it is perhaps more heated thanrational (see M-Ws entry like [7 conjunction]) AHD4 says Writers sinceChaucers time have used like as a conjunction but 19th-century and 20th-centurycritics have been so vehement in their condemnations of this usage that a writer who uses the construction in formal style risks being accused of illiteracy or worse and recommends using as in formal speech and writing[59] OED does nottag it as colloquial or nonstandard but notes Used as conj[unction] = like asas Now generally condemned as vulgar or slovenly though examples may befound in many recent writers of standing[60] Chambers lists the conjunctive useas colloquial[61]
o Undisputed usage He is an American as am Io Undisputed usage He is an American like me
o Undisputed usage It looks as if this play will be a flop
o Undisputed usage This play looks like a flop
o Disputed usage He is an American like I am
o Disputed usage It looks like this play will be a flop
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull literally ndash Some prescriptivists argue literally should not be used as a mereemphatic unless the thing to which it refers is actually true It is used todisambiguate a possible metaphorical interpretation of a phrase M-W does notcondemn the second use which means in effect or virtually but says the useis pure hyperbole intended to gain emphasis but it often appears in contexts
where no additional emphasis is necessary[62]
o Disputed usage The party literally went with a bang (No it did not
unless there was an actual loud noise)o Undisputed usage I literally ran more than 25 miles today I ran a
marathon
bull loan ndash The use of loan as a verb meaning to give out a loan is disputed withlend being preferred for the verb form AHD4 flatly states [t]he verb loan is wellestablished in American usage and cannot be considered incorrect[63] M-W statesloan is entirely standard as a verb[64] RH says Sometimes mistakenlyidentified as an Americanism loan as a verb meaning to lend has been used in
English for nearly 800 years it further states that objections to this use arecomparatively recent[65] Chambers defines the verb loan as to lend (especiallymoney)[66] OED merely states Now chiefly US[67] and COD11 includes themeaning without tag or comment
o Undisputed usage I lent him some money
o Undisputed usage Fill out the paperwork for a loan
o Disputed usage I loaned him some money
[edit] M
bull may and might ndash May should only be used where the event in question is still
possible not for something that was possible in the past or for a hypothetical present possibility Might is properly the past tense form of may (In similar fashion could should and would are all past tense forms for can shalland will respectively)
o Undisputed usage My brother may have gone to China last week
( perhaps he did )o Disputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother may have gone
to China last week (but he didnt )o Undisputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother might have
gone to China last weeko Disputed usage He thought it may be true (but it wasnt )
o Undisputed usage He thought it might be true
bull meet ndash Some prescriptivists state that as a transitive verb in the context to cometogether by chance or arrangement meet (as in meet (someone)) does not requirea preposition between verb and object the phrase meet with (someone) is deemedincorrect Chambers flags this usage US[68] RH allows it in the sense of to joinas for conference or instruction I met with her an hour a day until we solved the problem[69] On the other hand none of M-W AHD4 or COD11 entertains this
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usage NOTE In the sense of fulfilling prerequisites or criteria (We met with theentry requirements) or that of encountering (Our suggestions may meet with
opposition the soldiers met with machine-gun fire) the verb phrase meet with isnot in dispute
o Disputed usage I will meet with you tonight
o
Undisputed usage I will meet you tonight
bull momentarily ndash Traditionally momentarily means for a moment but its use tomean in a moment is sometimes disputed M-W[70] and RH[71] give this latter usage a standard entry without comment while OED[72] and Chambers[73] tag itNAmer AHD4 has a usage note indicating that 59 of their Usage Paneldeems this usage unacceptable[74]
o Disputed usage Your feature presentation will begin momentarily
o Undisputed usage The flash from the atom bomb momentarily lit up the
night sky
[edit] N
bull nauseous ndash Traditionally nauseous means causing nausea (synonymous withnauseating) it is commonly used now as a synonym for queasy that ishaving the feeling of nausea AHD4 notes the traditional view stating that 72 of the Usage Panel preferred nauseated over nauseous to mean affected withnausea however 88 of that same panel preferred nauseating to nauseous tomean causing nausea in other words a maximum of only 28 prefersnauseous in either case It also states that in common usage nauseous issynonymous with nauseated but deems this usage incorrect[75] M-W howeverasserts that [t]hose who insist that nauseous is an error for nauseated are
mistaken[76] Both M-W and AHD4 accept that nauseous is supplantingnauseated for feeling nausea and in turn being replaced by nauseating for causing nausea in general usage they only differ on the correctness of thechange RH states The two literal senses of nauseous [] appear in English atalmost the same time in the early 17th century and both senses are in standard useat the present time Nauseous is more common than nauseated in the senseaffected with nausea despite recent objections by those who imagine the sense to be new[77] CHAMBERS lists the sense of causing nausea first and affected withnausea second[78] while COD11 gives the affliction first and causation second both dictionaries list the entries without comment OED goes further tagging itsnauseated usage as Orig[inally] US but demoted its nauseating usage to
literary OED also notes that the original (now obsolete) sense of the word inEnglish was inclined to sickness or nausea squeamish[79] Curiously this oldestseventeenth-century meaning (inclined to nausea) while distinct from thedisputed twentieth-century usage (afflicted by nausea) more closely resemblesthe latter than it does the prescribed meaning (causing nausea)
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseous
o Disputed usage That smell is making me nauseous
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseating
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882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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future tense (The supervisor will be back presently)[80] M-W mentions the samevintage for the sense of now and that it is not clear why it is objectionable[81]
AHD4 states that despite its use nowadays in literate speech and writing thatthere is still lingering prejudice against this use In the late 1980s only 50 of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved of the sentence General Walters is hellip
presently the United States Ambassador to the United Nations[82]
COD11 lists both usages without comment CHAMBERS merely flags the sense of now asN Amer especially US[83]
o Disputed usage I am presently reading Wikipedia
o Undisputed usage I will be finished with that activity presently
[edit] R
bull refute ndash The traditional meaning of refute is disprove or dispel with reasoned
arguments It is now often used as a synonym for deny The latter sense islisted without comment by M-W[84] and AHD4[85] while CHAMBERS tags it ascolloquial[86] COD11 states that Traditionalists object to [the use of refute asdeny] but it is now widely accepted in standard English However RH does notmention this use at all[87]
bull relatively ndash Literally meaning compared to some now use relatively to meanmoderately or somewhat AHD4 does not list this usage at all [88] M-W hasapparently blended the two usages in one[89]
o Disputed usage That man was relatively annoying
o Undisputed usage Though relatively harmless when compared to
dimethylmercury mercury (II) oxide is still quite toxic
[edit] S
bull Scotch Scots and Scottish ndash Formerly English people used Scotch whereScottish people used Scottish The current convention is as follows
o Scottish for people
o Scotch for things (especially whisky)
o Scots for institutions (Scots law Scots language)
bull
seek ndash This means look for but is used to mean try or want This usage iscriticised by Fowler in the entry Formal Words
o Disputed usage we did seek to resolve the Iraq crisis by peaceful
means those who seek to emulate his legacy of murder the Liberalsseek to undermine that future[attribution needed ]
o Undisputed usage Seek and ye shall find
[edit] T
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull than mdash Than is the subject of a longstanding dispute as to its status as a preposition or conjunction see than For the disputed construction different thansee Different
bull they mdash Prescriptivists regard this as a plural pronoun that uses a third person
plural verb conjugation (see below they show) but the word is now commonlyused especially in speech and informal writing as a non-gender-specific third- person singular pronoun (which modern English otherwise lacks) Alternativesinclude he or she and generic he Some writers argue that generic he isgeneric (as the name implies) and thus includes both sexes Others find it sexist or too old-fashioned The pronouns you or one can be used in some sentences
o Disputed usage A person is rude if they show no respect for their hosts
o Undisputed usage One is rude if one shows no respect for ones hosts
o Undisputed usage It is rude not to show respect for hosts
o Undisputed usage Many people have told me that they are satisfied with
their food
bull thusly mdash Thusly (AHD4 suggests) was originally coined by educated writers tomake fun of uneducated persons trying to sound genteel[90] Thusly howeverdiffused into popular usage Some people accept it as an adverb in its own rightwhile others believe thus should be used in all cases The word thusly appearswith no associated usage notes in M-W[91] COD11 tags it as informal with theentry thus tagged as literary or formal CHAMBERS does not list the word atall and it is unknown in British usage[92]
[edit] U
bull unique ndash Some prescriptivists argue that unique only means sole or unequaled (British spelling unequalled) but most dictionaries give a thirdmeaning unusual which can be qualified by very or somewhat as in Thetheme of the party was somewhat unique see comparison Almost unique isuniversally acceptable[citation needed ]
[edit] W
bull
whilst and while mdash Penguin Working Words recommends while only and notesthat whilst is old-fashioned Cambridge Guide to English Usage and M-WsWebsters Guide to English Usage comment on its regional character and notethat it is rare in American usage It is thus safer to use only while in internationalEnglish (See the article While for further sources deprecating the use of whilst and cautioning about uses of while)
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull who mdash Some prescriptivists argue that who should be used only as a subject pronoun the corresponding object pronoun being whom Strictly speakingusing who instead of whom is substituting a subjective pronoun for an objective pronoun and hence is the same as using she instead of her (eg I talked to she
today) Most people never use whom in spoken English and instead use who for
all cases Those who use whom in everyday speech may recognize substitution of who as substandard FOWLER has an extensive entry on who and whom
including several quotes from major publications where whom is used incorrectlyo Undisputed usage You are talking to whom
o Disputed usage You are talking to who
o Undisputed usage To whom are you talking
o Disputed usage To who are you talking
o Disputed usage far more hostile to Diana whom she believes betrayed
the Prince of WalesmdashIndependent Mag 1993 (FOWLER)o Undisputed usage far more hostile to Diana who she believes betrayed
the Prince of Wales
o Disputed usage Whom do men say that I am (Mark 927 King JamesVersion)
bull whoever mdash This extension of who (see above) along with its object formwhomever is attended by the same uncertainties as who along with whom and isdiscussed in the same sources (See the relevant section at Who)
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever wants it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever you think should have it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whomever you choose to give it
o Disputed usage Give it to whoever you choose to give it to
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever wants it
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever you think should have it
Module - Pair work - Asking questions to yourpartner
Hey
with Group 2 we first talked a little about food at the beginning of the class as awarm up And here is what we said
to be written by Franc
Then today was the first day that we worked in pairs You had to find informationabout superhero characters asking questions to your partner
Here are the two worksheets if you still need to complete them
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW you need to be able to speak about the picture of a super hero + speak about
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their story + give the common points between all the super heroes presented Yourpresentation will last about 3 to 5 minutes You can send me some drafts (brouillon)if neededBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - Tale LV2
Southern Trees - beginning of the study
Hey
today we first warmed up about your future jobs while waiting for those who werelate Here is what you said
I would like to become an architect when I leave highschool (Selma)I want to study law to be a lawyer maybe ( Jeacuterocircme)
Structures WANT TO WOULD LIKE TO -- Attention aux noms de meacutetiers quisont preacuteceacutedeacutes de larticle aan
Then we did a quick recap about what Jim Crow laws used to be Here is what wesaid
bull Jim Crow Laws
These were laws about racial segregation until the end of the 1960sBlacks were not allowed to go to school with Whites
Blacks were not allowed to attend school with WhitesBlacks were forbidden to live together there were separate water
fountains rest rooms or entrances at restaurantsThey were prohibited to sit at the front of a bus
bull KKK(1865-)
white Protestantssupremacy of the white race
white costumesterrorism and violence to oppress Blacks
Finally we listened to the text and we started our general comprehesion by
highlighting the important information about the type of document the places thetime Here is what we wrote
bull Text Southern Trees
- type of doc extract from the autobiographic novel of Billie Holliday- who Billie Holliday Lewis Allen piano player of Billie Pop audience bitch
- where in New-York at Cafe Society on 52nd Street Miami Los Angeles
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- when published in 1956
HW you need to finish answering the usual wh- questions about the text (inparticular about the feelings of the characters involved) You also need to divide thetext into 2 parts give them a title and justify your titles
NB you will have a vocabulary test next week with the words from the lesson andthe words from the tool box p 53 You may also have a test about the text andabout racial discrimination in the US on Wednesday It will depend on how far we areinto the study of the document Southern TreesBy English Prof
Enter comment - View comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Spiderman - Page 3
This morning with the whole class we first warmed up with why I was a little late inclass Here is what we wrote
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
Then we studied the last page from Spiderman
There was a secretary for each person that spoke about a panel Here are the notesthat we took while they were speaking
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
HW you will be able to speak about the document at the beginning of the class in arow (dun seul trait )You can download the last page here
By English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Oral tests about picture presentation + Lastsuperhero activity in pair work
Hey
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today in module I asked you to speak about the picture p 152 that you had tocomment You need to improve your analysis Ill be asking other students next timeagain
Here is an example of presentation Its not perfect but its a rather good one
The document is a picture where there are two parts In the first part wecan see a white family at the bottom who is sitting in a garden They looksurprised and they are looking at the second family who feels happy and
impressed Contrary to the white family they are standing and clad with
their traditional dress Its a black family
To me the scene takes place in the USA and the goal of this picture is todenounce discrimination which treats people differently in society
The photographer aims at criticizing segregation In this photo theseparation is represented by the fence which is separating Africans from
Americans Segregation in the 20th century in America was when the Blacksand the Whites couldnt blend
To my mind this picture is a good representation of discrimination MartinLuther King and Rosa Park are the symbols of this conflict When I see somepeople wanted to change society and make people aware of these
inequalities through paintings photos speeches or parades Im grateful tothem
The picture attains its objective I like this photo because it denounces very
well the implicit problems of American society in the 20th century(by Rochella D)
Group 2 then we started a new activity about grammar on how to differentiatebetween Present Simple and Present Be + ing
You may download the documents hereyet to be uploaded
Group 1 Then we started a new activity that was initially designed by MissFernandes a colleague in the academy of Caen We first described the pictures of the superheroes
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW You need to finish the description of each picture and prepare the questions toask to your partner about the missing elements in your worksheetBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareMonday 16 november 2009
- Posted in For Fun
The Prisoner - New Series - Trailer
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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A new American series that you will probably LOVE Here is the trailer Looks andsounds fantastic
Exprimer le conseil en anglais
Today after taking a test on Body beauty and body parts (phonetics included) wespoke about superstitions on Friday the 13th And we discovered that Jonathansgrand-ma was extremely supersticious and that some of you believed in supernaturalthings too like Juliette who thinks her mother can read her mind or Camille RL whois sure what she says sometimes comes true Beware of the other Camille T whohas got a black cat She is certainly a witch and she may transform us all intopiglets Just kidding of course )
Here is what we said about superstitions
Today is a special day
On Friday the 13th people who are superstitious believe something terribly
bad or something awesome will happen to them
Examples of supertisions- you shouldnt be 13 around a table
- you shouldnt walk under a ladder- you shouldnt meet a black cat
- you shouldnt break a mirror- you shouldnt celebrate a birthday before
- you should wear a rabbit leg- you shouldnt walk on a line in the street
- you shouldnt cross your legs- you should touch wood when you say something bad
- you shouldnt put hats or shoes on a bed- you shouldnt open your umbrella inside
- you shouldnt put the bread upside down
Remember to express advice there are 3 very simple structures
bull should shouldnt + V
bull had better had better not + V bull ought to ought not to + V
Chocircmage unemployment
Embaucher to hire
bull by + V+ ing au moyen de en + V+ ingbull to + V pour + V (le but)
leisure loisirshigh ndash loweacuteleveacute ndash bas
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ecirctre oblige de to have to + Vto lead to entraicircnerhuge immense= The work-week la semaine de travailIn France the 35 hours-work week was decided and implemented in the 1990rsquos by asocialist government ( Mrs Aubry)
Exercice de traduction 1) Les employeacutes doivent faire des heures suppleacutementairesEmployees must do long hoursEmployees have to do long hours2) Il y a de nombreuses faccedilons de trouver du travailThere are a lot of ways to find work3) Lrsquoimmense augmentation des reacuteseaux sociaux permettent aux gens decommuniquer drsquoavantageThe huge increase of social networks enables people to communicate more4) Le travail suppleacutementaire entraicircne des problegravemes de santeacute pour les hommessurmeneacutes
bull Homebull Mail
bull Photos
bull Music
bull Games + Apps
bull More
o SMS Groups
o Sawaal
o Instant Messenger
o Free SMS
o Mobile
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Sign Up Sign In
Ask your Question in Exams Education amp References
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Home raquo Education raquo Exams Education ampReferences raquo Question
thornyuml
thornyuml
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I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i mDoing for Improve my english give me your best idea
Asked in Exams Education amp References at 1200 PM on October 09 2008
Tags english idea
This question is closedReport abuse
ntn jainProfile | QampA
Rate this 00
bull Latest Answers(4)
Sort by Latest | Oldest | Top-rated
English is best improved by practice and also by taking a small course to improve grammar and communication skillsThe key to practice is to read newspapers magazines and books almost regularly You can also start talking andexpressing yourself in English with your peers friends and (if possible) relatives
Writing in English is a good habit that will strengthen your expression skills as well In case you complete this all-round approach I am sure you will do well All the best
Answered by Idle Mind an ibibo Master at 409 PM on October 13 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Idle MindProfile | QampA
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you can
Answered by Rachana an ibibo Citizen at 106 PM on October 11 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
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RachanaProfile | QampA
well ntn
its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming
future n ways ntn some tips from my side that will help yu improve yu ur english are
i Observe the mouth movements of those who speak English well and try to imitate them
When you are watching television observe the mouth movements of the speakers Repeat what they are saying whileimitating the intonation and rhythm of their speech
ii Until you learn the correct intonation and rhythm of English slow your speech down
If you speak too quickly and with the wrong intonation and rhythm native speakers will have a hard timeunderstanding you
Dont worry about your listener getting impatient with your slow speech -- it is more important that everything you say be understood
iii Listen to the music of English
Do not use the music of your native language when you speak English Each language has its own way of singing
iv Use the dictionary
Try and familiarise yourself with the phonetic symbols of your dictionary Look up the correct pronunciation of wordsthat are hard for you to say
v Make a list of frequently used words that you find difficult to pronounce and ask someone who speaks the languagewell to pronounce them for you
Record these words listen to them and practice saying them Listen and read at the same time
vi Buy books on tape
Record yourself reading some sections of the book Compare the sound of your English with that of the person readingthe book on the tape
vii Pronounce the ending of each word
Pay special attention to S and ED endings This will help you strengthen the mouth muscles that you use when youspeak English
viii Read aloud in English for 15-20 minutes every day
Research has shown it takes about three months of daily practice to develop strong mouth muscles for speaking a newlanguage
ix Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation mistakes
Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice and avoid listening to themselves speak However this is a veryimportant exercise because doing it will help you become conscious of the mistakes you are making
x Be patient
You can change the way you speak but it wont happen overnight People often expect instant results and give up toosoon You can change the way you sound if you are willing to put some effort into it
GOOD LUCK
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Answered by Anant-- an ibibo Master at 133 PM on October 09 2008
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Anant--Profile | QampA
BEST WAY ACCORDING TO ME IS READ DAILY ENGLISH NEWSPAPER IF U COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY ONE OXFORD DICTIONARY AND REFER MEANINGS AND IFU COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY MEANINGS CONVERSION OF ENGLISH TO UR MOTHER TONGUE THIS MAY TAKESOME TIME THERE WILL BE SOME IMPROVEMENT IN JUST 1 MONTH BETTER READ HINDU OR TIMES OF INDIAALL THE BEST
Answered by gyaneshwar an ibibo Citizen at 1258 PM on October 09 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
gyaneshwar Profile | QampA
Related Search
Meri english bahot hi weak haimain apni english kaise strong kar sakta hoonkis tarah fluentlyenglish bol sakta hoon
dearthe simple way to improve you english is to particehave you ever heard of the saying Parctise makes a man perfect so even when you you commit mistake try to learn from the mistake and rectify themand simple start askingquestion to people in Englishand if you want yo learn english donot fell embrace in the front of anyone and alsotry to read TIMES OF INDIAN
Posted in Self Development by naqeeb ahmar at 758 PM on March 17 2008Tags meri english bahot weak apni kaise strong sakta tarah fluently hoon
how to improve english plese tell me
to compose simple sentences in your mind when you are alone Stick on the idea you want to convey rather than thegrammar Speak to the native English speakers if possible Chatt with those in internet SearchI dont know the level of your english if you have basics the fun way of learning are english comics cartoon network in english or any english
movies comics will help you in speaking good english
Posted in Love amp Romance by Shiva Singh at 1015 PM on September 24 2008Tags improve english plese
How can i improve my Enlish speaking and writing both
their meanings and use them in your convesationListen to english newsFor writing read the books on letters essaysand storiesslowly you will get the idea of using english in your convenienceFinally findDear Ashok It is good you
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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want to improve your English First and foremost thing you need is YOU All you need to do is give quality time notthe quantity Do make a conscious effort and smart work
Posted in Self Development by ashok sharma at 626 AM on October 14 2008Tags improve enlish writing
how to use GPRS in china made mob prince A960
here most of gprs settings for most of mobile service operator India to enter in your phone mannulay Here you havemanual gprs settings for vodafone hutch idea airtel bsnl airtel live airtel mobile you can enter in your phone andconfigure mannuallyManual Idea gprs Settings1 Account Name - ideaGPRS2 Username - leave Blank3 Password -leave Blank4 Homepage - httpwapideafreshcom5
Posted in Computers amp Technology by vivek soni at 145 AM on June 13 2008Tags gprs help china mad mob
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i m Doing for Improve my englishgive me your best idea
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the
pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you canwell ntn its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming future n ways ntn some tips from my sidethat will help yu improve yu ur english are i Observe
Posted in Exams Education amp References by ntn jain at 939 PM on October 13 2008Tags want improve english improve best
what is html
they want Text is what you will use English letters just like you use everyday Markup is what you will do You willwrite in plain English and then mark up what you wrote Language Some may argue that technically html is a code
but you write html in plain everyday English languageHi RockyHTML is the code behind your webpage and is whatyour browser looks for to display a webpage the way the webdesigner
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Rocky at 258 PM on May 07 2008Tags html
how I improve my english speech
and be confidentYOU CAN DOWNLOAD A LOT OF SOFTWARES FROM INTERNET IT REALLY HELPSAND ANOTHER IDEA IS TO WATCH ENGLISH CHANNELS LIKE METRO NATION NDTV GOOD TIMESAND DONT FORGET TO WATCH NDTV DISCUSSIONSget to c more english movie join times classes on english
they improvise a lotEnglish can be improved by reading booksnewspaper by discussionsThese are certain tips toimprove english
Posted in Counselling by sagar gawde at 803 PM on February 14 2008Tags improve english speech
What is the best way to enhance skills in English Which is most best website which can help tolearn English from basic to a very high class
will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin thinking in English Listening to Native Speakers as Much asPossible is the good idea to enhance your English language skills Here are someFirst of all be motivated become a
person who likes to learn English Using as many different sources methods and tools as possible will allow you tolearn faster There are many different ways
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Posted in Self Development by RAVINDRA at 644 PM on October 03 2008Tags best enhance skills website help learn english basic high
Who created the first mouse
to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThe first marketed integrated mouseshipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came from the resemblance of earlymodels which had a cord attached to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThefirst marketed integrated mouse shipped as a part
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Aryan Gusain at 212 PM on July 02 2008Tags created first mouse
Do you have any idea for FRANKLYN INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGE Its a spoken English Institutewhich gives Job Guarantee if anyone knows plz let me know
190A Maniktolla Main Road Kolkata-54 phone no 91-33-32401558 91-33-32428200 frankylnkkghotmailcomhi poonamur question gives an idea dat ur command on english is nt poor why u r lookingYou have heard rightFRANKLYN offers spoken english courses and there is also a lot of students pursuing courses there
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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o Disputed You want to go to the theatre That begs the question which day
we should go
bull but ndash Some prescriptivists argue that if and should not be used to begin sentencesthen neither should but These words are both conjunctions thus they believe that
they should be used only to link clauses within a sentence AHD4 states that itmay be used to begin a sentence at all levels of style [38]
[edit] C
bull can and may ndash Some prescriptivists argue that can refers to possibility and may
refers to permission and insist on maintaining this distinction although usage of can to refer to permission is pervasive in spoken and very frequent in writtenEnglish M-W notes Can and may are most frequently interchangeable in sensesdenoting possibility because the possibility of ones doing something may (or can) depend on anothers acquiescence they have also become interchangeable in
the sense denoting permission The use of can to ask or grant permission has beencommon since the 19th century and is well established although somecommentators feel may is more appropriate in formal contexts May is relativelyrare in negative constructions (maynt is not common) cannot and cant are usualin such contexts[39] AHD4 echoes this sentiment of formality noting that only21 of the Usage Panel accepted can in the example Can I take another week tosubmit the application[40] For its part OED labels the use of can for may ascolloquial[41]
bull comprise ndash Comprise means to consist of A second meaning to compose or constitute is sometimes attacked by usage writers However it is supported as
sense 3 along with a usage note in M-W[42] and although AHD4 notes the usageas a usage problem its usage note says Our surveys show that opposition tothis usage is abating In the 1960s 53 percent of the Usage Panel found this usageunacceptable in 1996 only 35 percent objected[43]
o Undisputed usage The English Wikipedia comprises more than two
million articleso Disputed usage The English Wikipedia comprises of more than two
million articleso Disputed usage The English Wikipedia is comprised of more than two
million articleso Disputed usage More than two million articles comprise the English
Wikipediao Disputed usage Diatoms comprise more than 70 of all phytoplankton
o Undisputed usage Diatoms constitute more than 70 of all
phytoplanktono Disputed usage Those in the industry have mostly scoffed at the young
inexperienced Carter and the rest of the high school pals that comprise thecompany[44]
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] D
bull deprecate ndash The original meaning in English is deplore or express disapproval
of (the Latin from which the word derives means pray to avert evil suggestingthat some event would be a calamity) The word is now also used to mean playdown belittle or devalue a shift that some prescriptivists disapprove of as itsuggests the word is being confused with the similar word depreciate in factAHD4 states that in this sense deprecate has almost completely supplanteddepreciate however a majority of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved thissense[45] Its use with the approximate meaning to declare obsolete in computer jargon is also sometimes condemned
bull diagnose ndash Cochrane (2004) states that to diagnose [someone] with a disease isan incorrect usage of the verb diagnose which takes the physician as subject and
a disease as object (eg to diagnose cancer) In American English according toAHD4[46] and M-W[47] the sense of diagnose [someone] with a disease is listedwithout comment or tag however for its part RH does not list such a usage withor without comment For British English COD11 offers identify the medicalcondition of (someone) she was diagnosed as having epilepsy (2004) this usagehowever did not appear in editions as recently as the 1990s Chambers does notoffer this sense at all[48]
o Disputed usage Mr Smith was diagnosed with diabetes
o Undisputed usage The doctor diagnosed diabetes
bull different ndash Standard usage in both Britain and America is different from (on the
analogy of to differ from) In Britain this competes with different to (coinedon the analogy of similar to) In America it competes with different than(coined on the analogy of other than) Different to is also found in IrishAustralian and New Zealand English
o Undisputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different
from the Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different to the
Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different than
the British
bull disinterested ndash Standard usage is as a word for unbiased but some have alsorendered it synonymous with uninterested or apathetic
o Undisputed usage As their mutual best friend I tried to remain
disinterested in their argument so as not to anger eithero Disputed usage The key to attracting a member of the opposite sex is to
balance between giving attention to him or her and appearingdisinterested
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull due to ndash The adjectival use of due to is undisputed Its adverbial use howeverhas been a subject of dispute for many years as witnessed by several (especiallyUS) dictionary usage notes that in the end designate it as standard WilliamStrunk in his Elements of style labelled the disputed adverbial use of due to asincorrect [49] Although the first (1926) edition of FOWLER condemned the
adverbial use as common only among the illiterate the third (1996) editionsaid Opinion remains sharply divided but it begins to look as if this use of due
to will form part of the natural language of the 21C as one more example of aforgotten battle Due to is frequently used in place of from for with of because
of and other prepositions Undisputed synonyms for due to are caused by andattributable to
o Disputed usage He died due to cancer (He died of cancer)
o Disputed usage Due to the end of the Second War circumstances altered
profoundly (With the end of the Second War circumstances altered profoundly)
o Disputed usage The project failed due to lack of funds (The project
failed for lack of funds) o Undisputed usage His death was due to cancer
o Undisputed usage Many thought the problem was due to mismanagement
[edit] E
bull enormity ndash Frequently used as a synonym for enormousness or immensity but traditionally means extreme wickedness According to AHD4 thisdistinction has not always occurred historically but is now supported by 59 of the dictionarys Usage Panel[50] COD11 states that enormity as a synonym for hugeness is now broadly accepted as standard English Although Chambers lists
immenseness or vastness as a meaning it says it should not be used in thatsense commenting that it is encountered often because the word enormousness isawkward it recommends using instead another word such as hugeness greatness etc[51]
o Disputed usage The enormity of the elephant astounded me
o Traditional usage The enormity of Stalins purges astounds me
[edit] F
bull farther and further ndash Many prescriptivists adhere to the rule that farther only
should refer to matters of physical distance or position while further should bereserved for usages involving time or degree (as well as undisputed descriptionsof moreover and in addition)
o Disputed usage San Jose is further from LA than Santa Barbara
o Disputed usage LA was a couple hours farther from home than I
expectedo Disputed usage If her fever increases any farther I will call the doctor
o Undisputed usage I would like to discuss the issue further at a later time
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull fortuitously ndash Used by some interchangeably with fortunately strictly speaking fortuitousness is a reference to an occurrence depending on chance M-W notesthat use of the word in sense of fortunate has been in standard use for at least 70years and notes that the sense of coming or happening by a lucky chance isvirtually unnoticed by usage critics[52][clarification needed ]
[edit] G
bull gender ndash Gender is often used interchangeably with sex in the sense of the biological or social quality male and female It is never used to refer to sexualintercourse
o Gender traditionally refers to grammatical gender a feature in the
grammar of a number of different languages Some prescriptivists arguethat its use as a euphemism for sex is to be avoided as a genteelismFowler (p 211) says it is used either as a jocularityor a blunder
o Sex and gender can be used in different but related senses with sex
referring to biological characteristics and gender to social roles andexpectations based on sex Use of gender as interchangeable with or as areplacement for sex may confuse readers who draw this distinction See
gender identity gender role
[edit] H
bull hoi polloi ndash The question surrounding hoi polloi is whether it is appropriate to usethe article the preceding the phrase it arises because hoi is the Greek word for the in the phrase and classical purists complain that adding the makes the phrase
redundant the the common people Foreign phrases borrowed into English areoften reanalyzed as single grammatical units requiring an English article inappropriate contexts AHD4 says The Arabic element al- means the andappears in English nouns such as alcohol and alchemy Thus since no one wouldconsider a phrase such as the alcohol to be redundant criticizing the hoi polloi onsimilar grounds seems pedantic[53]
bull hopefully ndash Some prescriptivists argue this word should not be used as anexpression of confidence in an outcome however M-W classes hopefully withother words such as interestingly frankly and unfortunately (which areunremarkably used in a similar way) as disjuncts and describes this usage as
entirely standard
[54]
AHD4 however notes that opposition to this usage by their usage panels has grown from 56 to 73 despite support for similar disjuncts(such as 60 support for the use of mercifully in Mercifully the game ended before the opponents could add another touchdown to the lopsided score) AHD4opines that this opposition is not to the use of these adverbs in general but thatthis use of hopefully has become a shibboleth[55] OED lists this usage withoutany colloquial or other label other than to say Avoided by many writers[56]
See also the discussion of hopefully as a dangling modifier One investigation in
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modern corpora on Language Log revealed that outside fiction where it stillrepresents 40 of all uses (the other qualifying primarily speech and gazes)disjunct uses account for the vast majority (over 90) of all uses of the word[57]
o Disputed usage Hopefully Ill get that scholarship
o Undisputed usage The prisoner thought hopefully about the prospect for
escape when he realized the guards accidentally left his cell unlocked
Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] L
bull less ndash Some prescriptivists argue that less should not be substituted for fewer Merriam-Webster notes The traditional view is that less applies to matters of degree value or amount and modifies collective nouns mass nouns or nounsdenoting an abstract whole while fewer applies to matters of number and modifies plural nouns Less has been used to modify plural nouns since the days of King
Alfred and the usage though roundly decried appears to be increasing Less ismore likely than fewer to modify plural nouns when distances sums of moneyand a few fixed phrases are involved ltless than 100 milesgt ltan investment of less
than $2000gt ltin 25 words or lessgt and as likely as fewer to modify periods of time ltin less (or fewer ) than four hoursgt[58]
o Disputed usage This lane 12 items or less
o Undisputed usage We had fewer players on the team this season
o Undisputed usage There is less water in the tank now
bull like and as ndash Some prescriptivists object to the use of like as a conjunction statingit is rather a preposition and that only as would be appropriate in this
circumstance M-W however cites likes use as a conjunction as standard sincethe 14th century and opines that opposition to it is perhaps more heated thanrational (see M-Ws entry like [7 conjunction]) AHD4 says Writers sinceChaucers time have used like as a conjunction but 19th-century and 20th-centurycritics have been so vehement in their condemnations of this usage that a writer who uses the construction in formal style risks being accused of illiteracy or worse and recommends using as in formal speech and writing[59] OED does nottag it as colloquial or nonstandard but notes Used as conj[unction] = like asas Now generally condemned as vulgar or slovenly though examples may befound in many recent writers of standing[60] Chambers lists the conjunctive useas colloquial[61]
o Undisputed usage He is an American as am Io Undisputed usage He is an American like me
o Undisputed usage It looks as if this play will be a flop
o Undisputed usage This play looks like a flop
o Disputed usage He is an American like I am
o Disputed usage It looks like this play will be a flop
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bull literally ndash Some prescriptivists argue literally should not be used as a mereemphatic unless the thing to which it refers is actually true It is used todisambiguate a possible metaphorical interpretation of a phrase M-W does notcondemn the second use which means in effect or virtually but says the useis pure hyperbole intended to gain emphasis but it often appears in contexts
where no additional emphasis is necessary[62]
o Disputed usage The party literally went with a bang (No it did not
unless there was an actual loud noise)o Undisputed usage I literally ran more than 25 miles today I ran a
marathon
bull loan ndash The use of loan as a verb meaning to give out a loan is disputed withlend being preferred for the verb form AHD4 flatly states [t]he verb loan is wellestablished in American usage and cannot be considered incorrect[63] M-W statesloan is entirely standard as a verb[64] RH says Sometimes mistakenlyidentified as an Americanism loan as a verb meaning to lend has been used in
English for nearly 800 years it further states that objections to this use arecomparatively recent[65] Chambers defines the verb loan as to lend (especiallymoney)[66] OED merely states Now chiefly US[67] and COD11 includes themeaning without tag or comment
o Undisputed usage I lent him some money
o Undisputed usage Fill out the paperwork for a loan
o Disputed usage I loaned him some money
[edit] M
bull may and might ndash May should only be used where the event in question is still
possible not for something that was possible in the past or for a hypothetical present possibility Might is properly the past tense form of may (In similar fashion could should and would are all past tense forms for can shalland will respectively)
o Undisputed usage My brother may have gone to China last week
( perhaps he did )o Disputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother may have gone
to China last week (but he didnt )o Undisputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother might have
gone to China last weeko Disputed usage He thought it may be true (but it wasnt )
o Undisputed usage He thought it might be true
bull meet ndash Some prescriptivists state that as a transitive verb in the context to cometogether by chance or arrangement meet (as in meet (someone)) does not requirea preposition between verb and object the phrase meet with (someone) is deemedincorrect Chambers flags this usage US[68] RH allows it in the sense of to joinas for conference or instruction I met with her an hour a day until we solved the problem[69] On the other hand none of M-W AHD4 or COD11 entertains this
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usage NOTE In the sense of fulfilling prerequisites or criteria (We met with theentry requirements) or that of encountering (Our suggestions may meet with
opposition the soldiers met with machine-gun fire) the verb phrase meet with isnot in dispute
o Disputed usage I will meet with you tonight
o
Undisputed usage I will meet you tonight
bull momentarily ndash Traditionally momentarily means for a moment but its use tomean in a moment is sometimes disputed M-W[70] and RH[71] give this latter usage a standard entry without comment while OED[72] and Chambers[73] tag itNAmer AHD4 has a usage note indicating that 59 of their Usage Paneldeems this usage unacceptable[74]
o Disputed usage Your feature presentation will begin momentarily
o Undisputed usage The flash from the atom bomb momentarily lit up the
night sky
[edit] N
bull nauseous ndash Traditionally nauseous means causing nausea (synonymous withnauseating) it is commonly used now as a synonym for queasy that ishaving the feeling of nausea AHD4 notes the traditional view stating that 72 of the Usage Panel preferred nauseated over nauseous to mean affected withnausea however 88 of that same panel preferred nauseating to nauseous tomean causing nausea in other words a maximum of only 28 prefersnauseous in either case It also states that in common usage nauseous issynonymous with nauseated but deems this usage incorrect[75] M-W howeverasserts that [t]hose who insist that nauseous is an error for nauseated are
mistaken[76] Both M-W and AHD4 accept that nauseous is supplantingnauseated for feeling nausea and in turn being replaced by nauseating for causing nausea in general usage they only differ on the correctness of thechange RH states The two literal senses of nauseous [] appear in English atalmost the same time in the early 17th century and both senses are in standard useat the present time Nauseous is more common than nauseated in the senseaffected with nausea despite recent objections by those who imagine the sense to be new[77] CHAMBERS lists the sense of causing nausea first and affected withnausea second[78] while COD11 gives the affliction first and causation second both dictionaries list the entries without comment OED goes further tagging itsnauseated usage as Orig[inally] US but demoted its nauseating usage to
literary OED also notes that the original (now obsolete) sense of the word inEnglish was inclined to sickness or nausea squeamish[79] Curiously this oldestseventeenth-century meaning (inclined to nausea) while distinct from thedisputed twentieth-century usage (afflicted by nausea) more closely resemblesthe latter than it does the prescribed meaning (causing nausea)
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseous
o Disputed usage That smell is making me nauseous
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseating
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882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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future tense (The supervisor will be back presently)[80] M-W mentions the samevintage for the sense of now and that it is not clear why it is objectionable[81]
AHD4 states that despite its use nowadays in literate speech and writing thatthere is still lingering prejudice against this use In the late 1980s only 50 of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved of the sentence General Walters is hellip
presently the United States Ambassador to the United Nations[82]
COD11 lists both usages without comment CHAMBERS merely flags the sense of now asN Amer especially US[83]
o Disputed usage I am presently reading Wikipedia
o Undisputed usage I will be finished with that activity presently
[edit] R
bull refute ndash The traditional meaning of refute is disprove or dispel with reasoned
arguments It is now often used as a synonym for deny The latter sense islisted without comment by M-W[84] and AHD4[85] while CHAMBERS tags it ascolloquial[86] COD11 states that Traditionalists object to [the use of refute asdeny] but it is now widely accepted in standard English However RH does notmention this use at all[87]
bull relatively ndash Literally meaning compared to some now use relatively to meanmoderately or somewhat AHD4 does not list this usage at all [88] M-W hasapparently blended the two usages in one[89]
o Disputed usage That man was relatively annoying
o Undisputed usage Though relatively harmless when compared to
dimethylmercury mercury (II) oxide is still quite toxic
[edit] S
bull Scotch Scots and Scottish ndash Formerly English people used Scotch whereScottish people used Scottish The current convention is as follows
o Scottish for people
o Scotch for things (especially whisky)
o Scots for institutions (Scots law Scots language)
bull
seek ndash This means look for but is used to mean try or want This usage iscriticised by Fowler in the entry Formal Words
o Disputed usage we did seek to resolve the Iraq crisis by peaceful
means those who seek to emulate his legacy of murder the Liberalsseek to undermine that future[attribution needed ]
o Undisputed usage Seek and ye shall find
[edit] T
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bull than mdash Than is the subject of a longstanding dispute as to its status as a preposition or conjunction see than For the disputed construction different thansee Different
bull they mdash Prescriptivists regard this as a plural pronoun that uses a third person
plural verb conjugation (see below they show) but the word is now commonlyused especially in speech and informal writing as a non-gender-specific third- person singular pronoun (which modern English otherwise lacks) Alternativesinclude he or she and generic he Some writers argue that generic he isgeneric (as the name implies) and thus includes both sexes Others find it sexist or too old-fashioned The pronouns you or one can be used in some sentences
o Disputed usage A person is rude if they show no respect for their hosts
o Undisputed usage One is rude if one shows no respect for ones hosts
o Undisputed usage It is rude not to show respect for hosts
o Undisputed usage Many people have told me that they are satisfied with
their food
bull thusly mdash Thusly (AHD4 suggests) was originally coined by educated writers tomake fun of uneducated persons trying to sound genteel[90] Thusly howeverdiffused into popular usage Some people accept it as an adverb in its own rightwhile others believe thus should be used in all cases The word thusly appearswith no associated usage notes in M-W[91] COD11 tags it as informal with theentry thus tagged as literary or formal CHAMBERS does not list the word atall and it is unknown in British usage[92]
[edit] U
bull unique ndash Some prescriptivists argue that unique only means sole or unequaled (British spelling unequalled) but most dictionaries give a thirdmeaning unusual which can be qualified by very or somewhat as in Thetheme of the party was somewhat unique see comparison Almost unique isuniversally acceptable[citation needed ]
[edit] W
bull
whilst and while mdash Penguin Working Words recommends while only and notesthat whilst is old-fashioned Cambridge Guide to English Usage and M-WsWebsters Guide to English Usage comment on its regional character and notethat it is rare in American usage It is thus safer to use only while in internationalEnglish (See the article While for further sources deprecating the use of whilst and cautioning about uses of while)
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull who mdash Some prescriptivists argue that who should be used only as a subject pronoun the corresponding object pronoun being whom Strictly speakingusing who instead of whom is substituting a subjective pronoun for an objective pronoun and hence is the same as using she instead of her (eg I talked to she
today) Most people never use whom in spoken English and instead use who for
all cases Those who use whom in everyday speech may recognize substitution of who as substandard FOWLER has an extensive entry on who and whom
including several quotes from major publications where whom is used incorrectlyo Undisputed usage You are talking to whom
o Disputed usage You are talking to who
o Undisputed usage To whom are you talking
o Disputed usage To who are you talking
o Disputed usage far more hostile to Diana whom she believes betrayed
the Prince of WalesmdashIndependent Mag 1993 (FOWLER)o Undisputed usage far more hostile to Diana who she believes betrayed
the Prince of Wales
o Disputed usage Whom do men say that I am (Mark 927 King JamesVersion)
bull whoever mdash This extension of who (see above) along with its object formwhomever is attended by the same uncertainties as who along with whom and isdiscussed in the same sources (See the relevant section at Who)
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever wants it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever you think should have it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whomever you choose to give it
o Disputed usage Give it to whoever you choose to give it to
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever wants it
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever you think should have it
Module - Pair work - Asking questions to yourpartner
Hey
with Group 2 we first talked a little about food at the beginning of the class as awarm up And here is what we said
to be written by Franc
Then today was the first day that we worked in pairs You had to find informationabout superhero characters asking questions to your partner
Here are the two worksheets if you still need to complete them
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW you need to be able to speak about the picture of a super hero + speak about
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their story + give the common points between all the super heroes presented Yourpresentation will last about 3 to 5 minutes You can send me some drafts (brouillon)if neededBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - Tale LV2
Southern Trees - beginning of the study
Hey
today we first warmed up about your future jobs while waiting for those who werelate Here is what you said
I would like to become an architect when I leave highschool (Selma)I want to study law to be a lawyer maybe ( Jeacuterocircme)
Structures WANT TO WOULD LIKE TO -- Attention aux noms de meacutetiers quisont preacuteceacutedeacutes de larticle aan
Then we did a quick recap about what Jim Crow laws used to be Here is what wesaid
bull Jim Crow Laws
These were laws about racial segregation until the end of the 1960sBlacks were not allowed to go to school with Whites
Blacks were not allowed to attend school with WhitesBlacks were forbidden to live together there were separate water
fountains rest rooms or entrances at restaurantsThey were prohibited to sit at the front of a bus
bull KKK(1865-)
white Protestantssupremacy of the white race
white costumesterrorism and violence to oppress Blacks
Finally we listened to the text and we started our general comprehesion by
highlighting the important information about the type of document the places thetime Here is what we wrote
bull Text Southern Trees
- type of doc extract from the autobiographic novel of Billie Holliday- who Billie Holliday Lewis Allen piano player of Billie Pop audience bitch
- where in New-York at Cafe Society on 52nd Street Miami Los Angeles
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- when published in 1956
HW you need to finish answering the usual wh- questions about the text (inparticular about the feelings of the characters involved) You also need to divide thetext into 2 parts give them a title and justify your titles
NB you will have a vocabulary test next week with the words from the lesson andthe words from the tool box p 53 You may also have a test about the text andabout racial discrimination in the US on Wednesday It will depend on how far we areinto the study of the document Southern TreesBy English Prof
Enter comment - View comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Spiderman - Page 3
This morning with the whole class we first warmed up with why I was a little late inclass Here is what we wrote
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
Then we studied the last page from Spiderman
There was a secretary for each person that spoke about a panel Here are the notesthat we took while they were speaking
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
HW you will be able to speak about the document at the beginning of the class in arow (dun seul trait )You can download the last page here
By English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Oral tests about picture presentation + Lastsuperhero activity in pair work
Hey
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today in module I asked you to speak about the picture p 152 that you had tocomment You need to improve your analysis Ill be asking other students next timeagain
Here is an example of presentation Its not perfect but its a rather good one
The document is a picture where there are two parts In the first part wecan see a white family at the bottom who is sitting in a garden They looksurprised and they are looking at the second family who feels happy and
impressed Contrary to the white family they are standing and clad with
their traditional dress Its a black family
To me the scene takes place in the USA and the goal of this picture is todenounce discrimination which treats people differently in society
The photographer aims at criticizing segregation In this photo theseparation is represented by the fence which is separating Africans from
Americans Segregation in the 20th century in America was when the Blacksand the Whites couldnt blend
To my mind this picture is a good representation of discrimination MartinLuther King and Rosa Park are the symbols of this conflict When I see somepeople wanted to change society and make people aware of these
inequalities through paintings photos speeches or parades Im grateful tothem
The picture attains its objective I like this photo because it denounces very
well the implicit problems of American society in the 20th century(by Rochella D)
Group 2 then we started a new activity about grammar on how to differentiatebetween Present Simple and Present Be + ing
You may download the documents hereyet to be uploaded
Group 1 Then we started a new activity that was initially designed by MissFernandes a colleague in the academy of Caen We first described the pictures of the superheroes
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW You need to finish the description of each picture and prepare the questions toask to your partner about the missing elements in your worksheetBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareMonday 16 november 2009
- Posted in For Fun
The Prisoner - New Series - Trailer
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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A new American series that you will probably LOVE Here is the trailer Looks andsounds fantastic
Exprimer le conseil en anglais
Today after taking a test on Body beauty and body parts (phonetics included) wespoke about superstitions on Friday the 13th And we discovered that Jonathansgrand-ma was extremely supersticious and that some of you believed in supernaturalthings too like Juliette who thinks her mother can read her mind or Camille RL whois sure what she says sometimes comes true Beware of the other Camille T whohas got a black cat She is certainly a witch and she may transform us all intopiglets Just kidding of course )
Here is what we said about superstitions
Today is a special day
On Friday the 13th people who are superstitious believe something terribly
bad or something awesome will happen to them
Examples of supertisions- you shouldnt be 13 around a table
- you shouldnt walk under a ladder- you shouldnt meet a black cat
- you shouldnt break a mirror- you shouldnt celebrate a birthday before
- you should wear a rabbit leg- you shouldnt walk on a line in the street
- you shouldnt cross your legs- you should touch wood when you say something bad
- you shouldnt put hats or shoes on a bed- you shouldnt open your umbrella inside
- you shouldnt put the bread upside down
Remember to express advice there are 3 very simple structures
bull should shouldnt + V
bull had better had better not + V bull ought to ought not to + V
Chocircmage unemployment
Embaucher to hire
bull by + V+ ing au moyen de en + V+ ingbull to + V pour + V (le but)
leisure loisirshigh ndash loweacuteleveacute ndash bas
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ecirctre oblige de to have to + Vto lead to entraicircnerhuge immense= The work-week la semaine de travailIn France the 35 hours-work week was decided and implemented in the 1990rsquos by asocialist government ( Mrs Aubry)
Exercice de traduction 1) Les employeacutes doivent faire des heures suppleacutementairesEmployees must do long hoursEmployees have to do long hours2) Il y a de nombreuses faccedilons de trouver du travailThere are a lot of ways to find work3) Lrsquoimmense augmentation des reacuteseaux sociaux permettent aux gens decommuniquer drsquoavantageThe huge increase of social networks enables people to communicate more4) Le travail suppleacutementaire entraicircne des problegravemes de santeacute pour les hommessurmeneacutes
bull Homebull Mail
bull Photos
bull Music
bull Games + Apps
bull More
o SMS Groups
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thornyuml
thornyuml
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I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i mDoing for Improve my english give me your best idea
Asked in Exams Education amp References at 1200 PM on October 09 2008
Tags english idea
This question is closedReport abuse
ntn jainProfile | QampA
Rate this 00
bull Latest Answers(4)
Sort by Latest | Oldest | Top-rated
English is best improved by practice and also by taking a small course to improve grammar and communication skillsThe key to practice is to read newspapers magazines and books almost regularly You can also start talking andexpressing yourself in English with your peers friends and (if possible) relatives
Writing in English is a good habit that will strengthen your expression skills as well In case you complete this all-round approach I am sure you will do well All the best
Answered by Idle Mind an ibibo Master at 409 PM on October 13 2008
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Idle MindProfile | QampA
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you can
Answered by Rachana an ibibo Citizen at 106 PM on October 11 2008
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RachanaProfile | QampA
well ntn
its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming
future n ways ntn some tips from my side that will help yu improve yu ur english are
i Observe the mouth movements of those who speak English well and try to imitate them
When you are watching television observe the mouth movements of the speakers Repeat what they are saying whileimitating the intonation and rhythm of their speech
ii Until you learn the correct intonation and rhythm of English slow your speech down
If you speak too quickly and with the wrong intonation and rhythm native speakers will have a hard timeunderstanding you
Dont worry about your listener getting impatient with your slow speech -- it is more important that everything you say be understood
iii Listen to the music of English
Do not use the music of your native language when you speak English Each language has its own way of singing
iv Use the dictionary
Try and familiarise yourself with the phonetic symbols of your dictionary Look up the correct pronunciation of wordsthat are hard for you to say
v Make a list of frequently used words that you find difficult to pronounce and ask someone who speaks the languagewell to pronounce them for you
Record these words listen to them and practice saying them Listen and read at the same time
vi Buy books on tape
Record yourself reading some sections of the book Compare the sound of your English with that of the person readingthe book on the tape
vii Pronounce the ending of each word
Pay special attention to S and ED endings This will help you strengthen the mouth muscles that you use when youspeak English
viii Read aloud in English for 15-20 minutes every day
Research has shown it takes about three months of daily practice to develop strong mouth muscles for speaking a newlanguage
ix Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation mistakes
Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice and avoid listening to themselves speak However this is a veryimportant exercise because doing it will help you become conscious of the mistakes you are making
x Be patient
You can change the way you speak but it wont happen overnight People often expect instant results and give up toosoon You can change the way you sound if you are willing to put some effort into it
GOOD LUCK
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Answered by Anant-- an ibibo Master at 133 PM on October 09 2008
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Anant--Profile | QampA
BEST WAY ACCORDING TO ME IS READ DAILY ENGLISH NEWSPAPER IF U COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY ONE OXFORD DICTIONARY AND REFER MEANINGS AND IFU COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY MEANINGS CONVERSION OF ENGLISH TO UR MOTHER TONGUE THIS MAY TAKESOME TIME THERE WILL BE SOME IMPROVEMENT IN JUST 1 MONTH BETTER READ HINDU OR TIMES OF INDIAALL THE BEST
Answered by gyaneshwar an ibibo Citizen at 1258 PM on October 09 2008
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gyaneshwar Profile | QampA
Related Search
Meri english bahot hi weak haimain apni english kaise strong kar sakta hoonkis tarah fluentlyenglish bol sakta hoon
dearthe simple way to improve you english is to particehave you ever heard of the saying Parctise makes a man perfect so even when you you commit mistake try to learn from the mistake and rectify themand simple start askingquestion to people in Englishand if you want yo learn english donot fell embrace in the front of anyone and alsotry to read TIMES OF INDIAN
Posted in Self Development by naqeeb ahmar at 758 PM on March 17 2008Tags meri english bahot weak apni kaise strong sakta tarah fluently hoon
how to improve english plese tell me
to compose simple sentences in your mind when you are alone Stick on the idea you want to convey rather than thegrammar Speak to the native English speakers if possible Chatt with those in internet SearchI dont know the level of your english if you have basics the fun way of learning are english comics cartoon network in english or any english
movies comics will help you in speaking good english
Posted in Love amp Romance by Shiva Singh at 1015 PM on September 24 2008Tags improve english plese
How can i improve my Enlish speaking and writing both
their meanings and use them in your convesationListen to english newsFor writing read the books on letters essaysand storiesslowly you will get the idea of using english in your convenienceFinally findDear Ashok It is good you
thornyuml
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want to improve your English First and foremost thing you need is YOU All you need to do is give quality time notthe quantity Do make a conscious effort and smart work
Posted in Self Development by ashok sharma at 626 AM on October 14 2008Tags improve enlish writing
how to use GPRS in china made mob prince A960
here most of gprs settings for most of mobile service operator India to enter in your phone mannulay Here you havemanual gprs settings for vodafone hutch idea airtel bsnl airtel live airtel mobile you can enter in your phone andconfigure mannuallyManual Idea gprs Settings1 Account Name - ideaGPRS2 Username - leave Blank3 Password -leave Blank4 Homepage - httpwapideafreshcom5
Posted in Computers amp Technology by vivek soni at 145 AM on June 13 2008Tags gprs help china mad mob
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i m Doing for Improve my englishgive me your best idea
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the
pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you canwell ntn its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming future n ways ntn some tips from my sidethat will help yu improve yu ur english are i Observe
Posted in Exams Education amp References by ntn jain at 939 PM on October 13 2008Tags want improve english improve best
what is html
they want Text is what you will use English letters just like you use everyday Markup is what you will do You willwrite in plain English and then mark up what you wrote Language Some may argue that technically html is a code
but you write html in plain everyday English languageHi RockyHTML is the code behind your webpage and is whatyour browser looks for to display a webpage the way the webdesigner
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Rocky at 258 PM on May 07 2008Tags html
how I improve my english speech
and be confidentYOU CAN DOWNLOAD A LOT OF SOFTWARES FROM INTERNET IT REALLY HELPSAND ANOTHER IDEA IS TO WATCH ENGLISH CHANNELS LIKE METRO NATION NDTV GOOD TIMESAND DONT FORGET TO WATCH NDTV DISCUSSIONSget to c more english movie join times classes on english
they improvise a lotEnglish can be improved by reading booksnewspaper by discussionsThese are certain tips toimprove english
Posted in Counselling by sagar gawde at 803 PM on February 14 2008Tags improve english speech
What is the best way to enhance skills in English Which is most best website which can help tolearn English from basic to a very high class
will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin thinking in English Listening to Native Speakers as Much asPossible is the good idea to enhance your English language skills Here are someFirst of all be motivated become a
person who likes to learn English Using as many different sources methods and tools as possible will allow you tolearn faster There are many different ways
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Posted in Self Development by RAVINDRA at 644 PM on October 03 2008Tags best enhance skills website help learn english basic high
Who created the first mouse
to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThe first marketed integrated mouseshipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came from the resemblance of earlymodels which had a cord attached to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThefirst marketed integrated mouse shipped as a part
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Aryan Gusain at 212 PM on July 02 2008Tags created first mouse
Do you have any idea for FRANKLYN INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGE Its a spoken English Institutewhich gives Job Guarantee if anyone knows plz let me know
190A Maniktolla Main Road Kolkata-54 phone no 91-33-32401558 91-33-32428200 frankylnkkghotmailcomhi poonamur question gives an idea dat ur command on english is nt poor why u r lookingYou have heard rightFRANKLYN offers spoken english courses and there is also a lot of students pursuing courses there
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] D
bull deprecate ndash The original meaning in English is deplore or express disapproval
of (the Latin from which the word derives means pray to avert evil suggestingthat some event would be a calamity) The word is now also used to mean playdown belittle or devalue a shift that some prescriptivists disapprove of as itsuggests the word is being confused with the similar word depreciate in factAHD4 states that in this sense deprecate has almost completely supplanteddepreciate however a majority of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved thissense[45] Its use with the approximate meaning to declare obsolete in computer jargon is also sometimes condemned
bull diagnose ndash Cochrane (2004) states that to diagnose [someone] with a disease isan incorrect usage of the verb diagnose which takes the physician as subject and
a disease as object (eg to diagnose cancer) In American English according toAHD4[46] and M-W[47] the sense of diagnose [someone] with a disease is listedwithout comment or tag however for its part RH does not list such a usage withor without comment For British English COD11 offers identify the medicalcondition of (someone) she was diagnosed as having epilepsy (2004) this usagehowever did not appear in editions as recently as the 1990s Chambers does notoffer this sense at all[48]
o Disputed usage Mr Smith was diagnosed with diabetes
o Undisputed usage The doctor diagnosed diabetes
bull different ndash Standard usage in both Britain and America is different from (on the
analogy of to differ from) In Britain this competes with different to (coinedon the analogy of similar to) In America it competes with different than(coined on the analogy of other than) Different to is also found in IrishAustralian and New Zealand English
o Undisputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different
from the Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different to the
Britisho Disputed usage The American pronunciation of English is different than
the British
bull disinterested ndash Standard usage is as a word for unbiased but some have alsorendered it synonymous with uninterested or apathetic
o Undisputed usage As their mutual best friend I tried to remain
disinterested in their argument so as not to anger eithero Disputed usage The key to attracting a member of the opposite sex is to
balance between giving attention to him or her and appearingdisinterested
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bull due to ndash The adjectival use of due to is undisputed Its adverbial use howeverhas been a subject of dispute for many years as witnessed by several (especiallyUS) dictionary usage notes that in the end designate it as standard WilliamStrunk in his Elements of style labelled the disputed adverbial use of due to asincorrect [49] Although the first (1926) edition of FOWLER condemned the
adverbial use as common only among the illiterate the third (1996) editionsaid Opinion remains sharply divided but it begins to look as if this use of due
to will form part of the natural language of the 21C as one more example of aforgotten battle Due to is frequently used in place of from for with of because
of and other prepositions Undisputed synonyms for due to are caused by andattributable to
o Disputed usage He died due to cancer (He died of cancer)
o Disputed usage Due to the end of the Second War circumstances altered
profoundly (With the end of the Second War circumstances altered profoundly)
o Disputed usage The project failed due to lack of funds (The project
failed for lack of funds) o Undisputed usage His death was due to cancer
o Undisputed usage Many thought the problem was due to mismanagement
[edit] E
bull enormity ndash Frequently used as a synonym for enormousness or immensity but traditionally means extreme wickedness According to AHD4 thisdistinction has not always occurred historically but is now supported by 59 of the dictionarys Usage Panel[50] COD11 states that enormity as a synonym for hugeness is now broadly accepted as standard English Although Chambers lists
immenseness or vastness as a meaning it says it should not be used in thatsense commenting that it is encountered often because the word enormousness isawkward it recommends using instead another word such as hugeness greatness etc[51]
o Disputed usage The enormity of the elephant astounded me
o Traditional usage The enormity of Stalins purges astounds me
[edit] F
bull farther and further ndash Many prescriptivists adhere to the rule that farther only
should refer to matters of physical distance or position while further should bereserved for usages involving time or degree (as well as undisputed descriptionsof moreover and in addition)
o Disputed usage San Jose is further from LA than Santa Barbara
o Disputed usage LA was a couple hours farther from home than I
expectedo Disputed usage If her fever increases any farther I will call the doctor
o Undisputed usage I would like to discuss the issue further at a later time
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bull fortuitously ndash Used by some interchangeably with fortunately strictly speaking fortuitousness is a reference to an occurrence depending on chance M-W notesthat use of the word in sense of fortunate has been in standard use for at least 70years and notes that the sense of coming or happening by a lucky chance isvirtually unnoticed by usage critics[52][clarification needed ]
[edit] G
bull gender ndash Gender is often used interchangeably with sex in the sense of the biological or social quality male and female It is never used to refer to sexualintercourse
o Gender traditionally refers to grammatical gender a feature in the
grammar of a number of different languages Some prescriptivists arguethat its use as a euphemism for sex is to be avoided as a genteelismFowler (p 211) says it is used either as a jocularityor a blunder
o Sex and gender can be used in different but related senses with sex
referring to biological characteristics and gender to social roles andexpectations based on sex Use of gender as interchangeable with or as areplacement for sex may confuse readers who draw this distinction See
gender identity gender role
[edit] H
bull hoi polloi ndash The question surrounding hoi polloi is whether it is appropriate to usethe article the preceding the phrase it arises because hoi is the Greek word for the in the phrase and classical purists complain that adding the makes the phrase
redundant the the common people Foreign phrases borrowed into English areoften reanalyzed as single grammatical units requiring an English article inappropriate contexts AHD4 says The Arabic element al- means the andappears in English nouns such as alcohol and alchemy Thus since no one wouldconsider a phrase such as the alcohol to be redundant criticizing the hoi polloi onsimilar grounds seems pedantic[53]
bull hopefully ndash Some prescriptivists argue this word should not be used as anexpression of confidence in an outcome however M-W classes hopefully withother words such as interestingly frankly and unfortunately (which areunremarkably used in a similar way) as disjuncts and describes this usage as
entirely standard
[54]
AHD4 however notes that opposition to this usage by their usage panels has grown from 56 to 73 despite support for similar disjuncts(such as 60 support for the use of mercifully in Mercifully the game ended before the opponents could add another touchdown to the lopsided score) AHD4opines that this opposition is not to the use of these adverbs in general but thatthis use of hopefully has become a shibboleth[55] OED lists this usage withoutany colloquial or other label other than to say Avoided by many writers[56]
See also the discussion of hopefully as a dangling modifier One investigation in
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modern corpora on Language Log revealed that outside fiction where it stillrepresents 40 of all uses (the other qualifying primarily speech and gazes)disjunct uses account for the vast majority (over 90) of all uses of the word[57]
o Disputed usage Hopefully Ill get that scholarship
o Undisputed usage The prisoner thought hopefully about the prospect for
escape when he realized the guards accidentally left his cell unlocked
Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] L
bull less ndash Some prescriptivists argue that less should not be substituted for fewer Merriam-Webster notes The traditional view is that less applies to matters of degree value or amount and modifies collective nouns mass nouns or nounsdenoting an abstract whole while fewer applies to matters of number and modifies plural nouns Less has been used to modify plural nouns since the days of King
Alfred and the usage though roundly decried appears to be increasing Less ismore likely than fewer to modify plural nouns when distances sums of moneyand a few fixed phrases are involved ltless than 100 milesgt ltan investment of less
than $2000gt ltin 25 words or lessgt and as likely as fewer to modify periods of time ltin less (or fewer ) than four hoursgt[58]
o Disputed usage This lane 12 items or less
o Undisputed usage We had fewer players on the team this season
o Undisputed usage There is less water in the tank now
bull like and as ndash Some prescriptivists object to the use of like as a conjunction statingit is rather a preposition and that only as would be appropriate in this
circumstance M-W however cites likes use as a conjunction as standard sincethe 14th century and opines that opposition to it is perhaps more heated thanrational (see M-Ws entry like [7 conjunction]) AHD4 says Writers sinceChaucers time have used like as a conjunction but 19th-century and 20th-centurycritics have been so vehement in their condemnations of this usage that a writer who uses the construction in formal style risks being accused of illiteracy or worse and recommends using as in formal speech and writing[59] OED does nottag it as colloquial or nonstandard but notes Used as conj[unction] = like asas Now generally condemned as vulgar or slovenly though examples may befound in many recent writers of standing[60] Chambers lists the conjunctive useas colloquial[61]
o Undisputed usage He is an American as am Io Undisputed usage He is an American like me
o Undisputed usage It looks as if this play will be a flop
o Undisputed usage This play looks like a flop
o Disputed usage He is an American like I am
o Disputed usage It looks like this play will be a flop
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bull literally ndash Some prescriptivists argue literally should not be used as a mereemphatic unless the thing to which it refers is actually true It is used todisambiguate a possible metaphorical interpretation of a phrase M-W does notcondemn the second use which means in effect or virtually but says the useis pure hyperbole intended to gain emphasis but it often appears in contexts
where no additional emphasis is necessary[62]
o Disputed usage The party literally went with a bang (No it did not
unless there was an actual loud noise)o Undisputed usage I literally ran more than 25 miles today I ran a
marathon
bull loan ndash The use of loan as a verb meaning to give out a loan is disputed withlend being preferred for the verb form AHD4 flatly states [t]he verb loan is wellestablished in American usage and cannot be considered incorrect[63] M-W statesloan is entirely standard as a verb[64] RH says Sometimes mistakenlyidentified as an Americanism loan as a verb meaning to lend has been used in
English for nearly 800 years it further states that objections to this use arecomparatively recent[65] Chambers defines the verb loan as to lend (especiallymoney)[66] OED merely states Now chiefly US[67] and COD11 includes themeaning without tag or comment
o Undisputed usage I lent him some money
o Undisputed usage Fill out the paperwork for a loan
o Disputed usage I loaned him some money
[edit] M
bull may and might ndash May should only be used where the event in question is still
possible not for something that was possible in the past or for a hypothetical present possibility Might is properly the past tense form of may (In similar fashion could should and would are all past tense forms for can shalland will respectively)
o Undisputed usage My brother may have gone to China last week
( perhaps he did )o Disputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother may have gone
to China last week (but he didnt )o Undisputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother might have
gone to China last weeko Disputed usage He thought it may be true (but it wasnt )
o Undisputed usage He thought it might be true
bull meet ndash Some prescriptivists state that as a transitive verb in the context to cometogether by chance or arrangement meet (as in meet (someone)) does not requirea preposition between verb and object the phrase meet with (someone) is deemedincorrect Chambers flags this usage US[68] RH allows it in the sense of to joinas for conference or instruction I met with her an hour a day until we solved the problem[69] On the other hand none of M-W AHD4 or COD11 entertains this
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usage NOTE In the sense of fulfilling prerequisites or criteria (We met with theentry requirements) or that of encountering (Our suggestions may meet with
opposition the soldiers met with machine-gun fire) the verb phrase meet with isnot in dispute
o Disputed usage I will meet with you tonight
o
Undisputed usage I will meet you tonight
bull momentarily ndash Traditionally momentarily means for a moment but its use tomean in a moment is sometimes disputed M-W[70] and RH[71] give this latter usage a standard entry without comment while OED[72] and Chambers[73] tag itNAmer AHD4 has a usage note indicating that 59 of their Usage Paneldeems this usage unacceptable[74]
o Disputed usage Your feature presentation will begin momentarily
o Undisputed usage The flash from the atom bomb momentarily lit up the
night sky
[edit] N
bull nauseous ndash Traditionally nauseous means causing nausea (synonymous withnauseating) it is commonly used now as a synonym for queasy that ishaving the feeling of nausea AHD4 notes the traditional view stating that 72 of the Usage Panel preferred nauseated over nauseous to mean affected withnausea however 88 of that same panel preferred nauseating to nauseous tomean causing nausea in other words a maximum of only 28 prefersnauseous in either case It also states that in common usage nauseous issynonymous with nauseated but deems this usage incorrect[75] M-W howeverasserts that [t]hose who insist that nauseous is an error for nauseated are
mistaken[76] Both M-W and AHD4 accept that nauseous is supplantingnauseated for feeling nausea and in turn being replaced by nauseating for causing nausea in general usage they only differ on the correctness of thechange RH states The two literal senses of nauseous [] appear in English atalmost the same time in the early 17th century and both senses are in standard useat the present time Nauseous is more common than nauseated in the senseaffected with nausea despite recent objections by those who imagine the sense to be new[77] CHAMBERS lists the sense of causing nausea first and affected withnausea second[78] while COD11 gives the affliction first and causation second both dictionaries list the entries without comment OED goes further tagging itsnauseated usage as Orig[inally] US but demoted its nauseating usage to
literary OED also notes that the original (now obsolete) sense of the word inEnglish was inclined to sickness or nausea squeamish[79] Curiously this oldestseventeenth-century meaning (inclined to nausea) while distinct from thedisputed twentieth-century usage (afflicted by nausea) more closely resemblesthe latter than it does the prescribed meaning (causing nausea)
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseous
o Disputed usage That smell is making me nauseous
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseating
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future tense (The supervisor will be back presently)[80] M-W mentions the samevintage for the sense of now and that it is not clear why it is objectionable[81]
AHD4 states that despite its use nowadays in literate speech and writing thatthere is still lingering prejudice against this use In the late 1980s only 50 of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved of the sentence General Walters is hellip
presently the United States Ambassador to the United Nations[82]
COD11 lists both usages without comment CHAMBERS merely flags the sense of now asN Amer especially US[83]
o Disputed usage I am presently reading Wikipedia
o Undisputed usage I will be finished with that activity presently
[edit] R
bull refute ndash The traditional meaning of refute is disprove or dispel with reasoned
arguments It is now often used as a synonym for deny The latter sense islisted without comment by M-W[84] and AHD4[85] while CHAMBERS tags it ascolloquial[86] COD11 states that Traditionalists object to [the use of refute asdeny] but it is now widely accepted in standard English However RH does notmention this use at all[87]
bull relatively ndash Literally meaning compared to some now use relatively to meanmoderately or somewhat AHD4 does not list this usage at all [88] M-W hasapparently blended the two usages in one[89]
o Disputed usage That man was relatively annoying
o Undisputed usage Though relatively harmless when compared to
dimethylmercury mercury (II) oxide is still quite toxic
[edit] S
bull Scotch Scots and Scottish ndash Formerly English people used Scotch whereScottish people used Scottish The current convention is as follows
o Scottish for people
o Scotch for things (especially whisky)
o Scots for institutions (Scots law Scots language)
bull
seek ndash This means look for but is used to mean try or want This usage iscriticised by Fowler in the entry Formal Words
o Disputed usage we did seek to resolve the Iraq crisis by peaceful
means those who seek to emulate his legacy of murder the Liberalsseek to undermine that future[attribution needed ]
o Undisputed usage Seek and ye shall find
[edit] T
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bull than mdash Than is the subject of a longstanding dispute as to its status as a preposition or conjunction see than For the disputed construction different thansee Different
bull they mdash Prescriptivists regard this as a plural pronoun that uses a third person
plural verb conjugation (see below they show) but the word is now commonlyused especially in speech and informal writing as a non-gender-specific third- person singular pronoun (which modern English otherwise lacks) Alternativesinclude he or she and generic he Some writers argue that generic he isgeneric (as the name implies) and thus includes both sexes Others find it sexist or too old-fashioned The pronouns you or one can be used in some sentences
o Disputed usage A person is rude if they show no respect for their hosts
o Undisputed usage One is rude if one shows no respect for ones hosts
o Undisputed usage It is rude not to show respect for hosts
o Undisputed usage Many people have told me that they are satisfied with
their food
bull thusly mdash Thusly (AHD4 suggests) was originally coined by educated writers tomake fun of uneducated persons trying to sound genteel[90] Thusly howeverdiffused into popular usage Some people accept it as an adverb in its own rightwhile others believe thus should be used in all cases The word thusly appearswith no associated usage notes in M-W[91] COD11 tags it as informal with theentry thus tagged as literary or formal CHAMBERS does not list the word atall and it is unknown in British usage[92]
[edit] U
bull unique ndash Some prescriptivists argue that unique only means sole or unequaled (British spelling unequalled) but most dictionaries give a thirdmeaning unusual which can be qualified by very or somewhat as in Thetheme of the party was somewhat unique see comparison Almost unique isuniversally acceptable[citation needed ]
[edit] W
bull
whilst and while mdash Penguin Working Words recommends while only and notesthat whilst is old-fashioned Cambridge Guide to English Usage and M-WsWebsters Guide to English Usage comment on its regional character and notethat it is rare in American usage It is thus safer to use only while in internationalEnglish (See the article While for further sources deprecating the use of whilst and cautioning about uses of while)
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bull who mdash Some prescriptivists argue that who should be used only as a subject pronoun the corresponding object pronoun being whom Strictly speakingusing who instead of whom is substituting a subjective pronoun for an objective pronoun and hence is the same as using she instead of her (eg I talked to she
today) Most people never use whom in spoken English and instead use who for
all cases Those who use whom in everyday speech may recognize substitution of who as substandard FOWLER has an extensive entry on who and whom
including several quotes from major publications where whom is used incorrectlyo Undisputed usage You are talking to whom
o Disputed usage You are talking to who
o Undisputed usage To whom are you talking
o Disputed usage To who are you talking
o Disputed usage far more hostile to Diana whom she believes betrayed
the Prince of WalesmdashIndependent Mag 1993 (FOWLER)o Undisputed usage far more hostile to Diana who she believes betrayed
the Prince of Wales
o Disputed usage Whom do men say that I am (Mark 927 King JamesVersion)
bull whoever mdash This extension of who (see above) along with its object formwhomever is attended by the same uncertainties as who along with whom and isdiscussed in the same sources (See the relevant section at Who)
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever wants it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever you think should have it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whomever you choose to give it
o Disputed usage Give it to whoever you choose to give it to
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever wants it
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever you think should have it
Module - Pair work - Asking questions to yourpartner
Hey
with Group 2 we first talked a little about food at the beginning of the class as awarm up And here is what we said
to be written by Franc
Then today was the first day that we worked in pairs You had to find informationabout superhero characters asking questions to your partner
Here are the two worksheets if you still need to complete them
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW you need to be able to speak about the picture of a super hero + speak about
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their story + give the common points between all the super heroes presented Yourpresentation will last about 3 to 5 minutes You can send me some drafts (brouillon)if neededBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - Tale LV2
Southern Trees - beginning of the study
Hey
today we first warmed up about your future jobs while waiting for those who werelate Here is what you said
I would like to become an architect when I leave highschool (Selma)I want to study law to be a lawyer maybe ( Jeacuterocircme)
Structures WANT TO WOULD LIKE TO -- Attention aux noms de meacutetiers quisont preacuteceacutedeacutes de larticle aan
Then we did a quick recap about what Jim Crow laws used to be Here is what wesaid
bull Jim Crow Laws
These were laws about racial segregation until the end of the 1960sBlacks were not allowed to go to school with Whites
Blacks were not allowed to attend school with WhitesBlacks were forbidden to live together there were separate water
fountains rest rooms or entrances at restaurantsThey were prohibited to sit at the front of a bus
bull KKK(1865-)
white Protestantssupremacy of the white race
white costumesterrorism and violence to oppress Blacks
Finally we listened to the text and we started our general comprehesion by
highlighting the important information about the type of document the places thetime Here is what we wrote
bull Text Southern Trees
- type of doc extract from the autobiographic novel of Billie Holliday- who Billie Holliday Lewis Allen piano player of Billie Pop audience bitch
- where in New-York at Cafe Society on 52nd Street Miami Los Angeles
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- when published in 1956
HW you need to finish answering the usual wh- questions about the text (inparticular about the feelings of the characters involved) You also need to divide thetext into 2 parts give them a title and justify your titles
NB you will have a vocabulary test next week with the words from the lesson andthe words from the tool box p 53 You may also have a test about the text andabout racial discrimination in the US on Wednesday It will depend on how far we areinto the study of the document Southern TreesBy English Prof
Enter comment - View comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Spiderman - Page 3
This morning with the whole class we first warmed up with why I was a little late inclass Here is what we wrote
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
Then we studied the last page from Spiderman
There was a secretary for each person that spoke about a panel Here are the notesthat we took while they were speaking
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
HW you will be able to speak about the document at the beginning of the class in arow (dun seul trait )You can download the last page here
By English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Oral tests about picture presentation + Lastsuperhero activity in pair work
Hey
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today in module I asked you to speak about the picture p 152 that you had tocomment You need to improve your analysis Ill be asking other students next timeagain
Here is an example of presentation Its not perfect but its a rather good one
The document is a picture where there are two parts In the first part wecan see a white family at the bottom who is sitting in a garden They looksurprised and they are looking at the second family who feels happy and
impressed Contrary to the white family they are standing and clad with
their traditional dress Its a black family
To me the scene takes place in the USA and the goal of this picture is todenounce discrimination which treats people differently in society
The photographer aims at criticizing segregation In this photo theseparation is represented by the fence which is separating Africans from
Americans Segregation in the 20th century in America was when the Blacksand the Whites couldnt blend
To my mind this picture is a good representation of discrimination MartinLuther King and Rosa Park are the symbols of this conflict When I see somepeople wanted to change society and make people aware of these
inequalities through paintings photos speeches or parades Im grateful tothem
The picture attains its objective I like this photo because it denounces very
well the implicit problems of American society in the 20th century(by Rochella D)
Group 2 then we started a new activity about grammar on how to differentiatebetween Present Simple and Present Be + ing
You may download the documents hereyet to be uploaded
Group 1 Then we started a new activity that was initially designed by MissFernandes a colleague in the academy of Caen We first described the pictures of the superheroes
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW You need to finish the description of each picture and prepare the questions toask to your partner about the missing elements in your worksheetBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareMonday 16 november 2009
- Posted in For Fun
The Prisoner - New Series - Trailer
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A new American series that you will probably LOVE Here is the trailer Looks andsounds fantastic
Exprimer le conseil en anglais
Today after taking a test on Body beauty and body parts (phonetics included) wespoke about superstitions on Friday the 13th And we discovered that Jonathansgrand-ma was extremely supersticious and that some of you believed in supernaturalthings too like Juliette who thinks her mother can read her mind or Camille RL whois sure what she says sometimes comes true Beware of the other Camille T whohas got a black cat She is certainly a witch and she may transform us all intopiglets Just kidding of course )
Here is what we said about superstitions
Today is a special day
On Friday the 13th people who are superstitious believe something terribly
bad or something awesome will happen to them
Examples of supertisions- you shouldnt be 13 around a table
- you shouldnt walk under a ladder- you shouldnt meet a black cat
- you shouldnt break a mirror- you shouldnt celebrate a birthday before
- you should wear a rabbit leg- you shouldnt walk on a line in the street
- you shouldnt cross your legs- you should touch wood when you say something bad
- you shouldnt put hats or shoes on a bed- you shouldnt open your umbrella inside
- you shouldnt put the bread upside down
Remember to express advice there are 3 very simple structures
bull should shouldnt + V
bull had better had better not + V bull ought to ought not to + V
Chocircmage unemployment
Embaucher to hire
bull by + V+ ing au moyen de en + V+ ingbull to + V pour + V (le but)
leisure loisirshigh ndash loweacuteleveacute ndash bas
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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ecirctre oblige de to have to + Vto lead to entraicircnerhuge immense= The work-week la semaine de travailIn France the 35 hours-work week was decided and implemented in the 1990rsquos by asocialist government ( Mrs Aubry)
Exercice de traduction 1) Les employeacutes doivent faire des heures suppleacutementairesEmployees must do long hoursEmployees have to do long hours2) Il y a de nombreuses faccedilons de trouver du travailThere are a lot of ways to find work3) Lrsquoimmense augmentation des reacuteseaux sociaux permettent aux gens decommuniquer drsquoavantageThe huge increase of social networks enables people to communicate more4) Le travail suppleacutementaire entraicircne des problegravemes de santeacute pour les hommessurmeneacutes
bull Homebull Mail
bull Photos
bull Music
bull Games + Apps
bull More
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thornyuml
thornyuml
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I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i mDoing for Improve my english give me your best idea
Asked in Exams Education amp References at 1200 PM on October 09 2008
Tags english idea
This question is closedReport abuse
ntn jainProfile | QampA
Rate this 00
bull Latest Answers(4)
Sort by Latest | Oldest | Top-rated
English is best improved by practice and also by taking a small course to improve grammar and communication skillsThe key to practice is to read newspapers magazines and books almost regularly You can also start talking andexpressing yourself in English with your peers friends and (if possible) relatives
Writing in English is a good habit that will strengthen your expression skills as well In case you complete this all-round approach I am sure you will do well All the best
Answered by Idle Mind an ibibo Master at 409 PM on October 13 2008
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Idle MindProfile | QampA
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you can
Answered by Rachana an ibibo Citizen at 106 PM on October 11 2008
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RachanaProfile | QampA
well ntn
its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming
future n ways ntn some tips from my side that will help yu improve yu ur english are
i Observe the mouth movements of those who speak English well and try to imitate them
When you are watching television observe the mouth movements of the speakers Repeat what they are saying whileimitating the intonation and rhythm of their speech
ii Until you learn the correct intonation and rhythm of English slow your speech down
If you speak too quickly and with the wrong intonation and rhythm native speakers will have a hard timeunderstanding you
Dont worry about your listener getting impatient with your slow speech -- it is more important that everything you say be understood
iii Listen to the music of English
Do not use the music of your native language when you speak English Each language has its own way of singing
iv Use the dictionary
Try and familiarise yourself with the phonetic symbols of your dictionary Look up the correct pronunciation of wordsthat are hard for you to say
v Make a list of frequently used words that you find difficult to pronounce and ask someone who speaks the languagewell to pronounce them for you
Record these words listen to them and practice saying them Listen and read at the same time
vi Buy books on tape
Record yourself reading some sections of the book Compare the sound of your English with that of the person readingthe book on the tape
vii Pronounce the ending of each word
Pay special attention to S and ED endings This will help you strengthen the mouth muscles that you use when youspeak English
viii Read aloud in English for 15-20 minutes every day
Research has shown it takes about three months of daily practice to develop strong mouth muscles for speaking a newlanguage
ix Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation mistakes
Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice and avoid listening to themselves speak However this is a veryimportant exercise because doing it will help you become conscious of the mistakes you are making
x Be patient
You can change the way you speak but it wont happen overnight People often expect instant results and give up toosoon You can change the way you sound if you are willing to put some effort into it
GOOD LUCK
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Answered by Anant-- an ibibo Master at 133 PM on October 09 2008
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Anant--Profile | QampA
BEST WAY ACCORDING TO ME IS READ DAILY ENGLISH NEWSPAPER IF U COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY ONE OXFORD DICTIONARY AND REFER MEANINGS AND IFU COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY MEANINGS CONVERSION OF ENGLISH TO UR MOTHER TONGUE THIS MAY TAKESOME TIME THERE WILL BE SOME IMPROVEMENT IN JUST 1 MONTH BETTER READ HINDU OR TIMES OF INDIAALL THE BEST
Answered by gyaneshwar an ibibo Citizen at 1258 PM on October 09 2008
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gyaneshwar Profile | QampA
Related Search
Meri english bahot hi weak haimain apni english kaise strong kar sakta hoonkis tarah fluentlyenglish bol sakta hoon
dearthe simple way to improve you english is to particehave you ever heard of the saying Parctise makes a man perfect so even when you you commit mistake try to learn from the mistake and rectify themand simple start askingquestion to people in Englishand if you want yo learn english donot fell embrace in the front of anyone and alsotry to read TIMES OF INDIAN
Posted in Self Development by naqeeb ahmar at 758 PM on March 17 2008Tags meri english bahot weak apni kaise strong sakta tarah fluently hoon
how to improve english plese tell me
to compose simple sentences in your mind when you are alone Stick on the idea you want to convey rather than thegrammar Speak to the native English speakers if possible Chatt with those in internet SearchI dont know the level of your english if you have basics the fun way of learning are english comics cartoon network in english or any english
movies comics will help you in speaking good english
Posted in Love amp Romance by Shiva Singh at 1015 PM on September 24 2008Tags improve english plese
How can i improve my Enlish speaking and writing both
their meanings and use them in your convesationListen to english newsFor writing read the books on letters essaysand storiesslowly you will get the idea of using english in your convenienceFinally findDear Ashok It is good you
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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want to improve your English First and foremost thing you need is YOU All you need to do is give quality time notthe quantity Do make a conscious effort and smart work
Posted in Self Development by ashok sharma at 626 AM on October 14 2008Tags improve enlish writing
how to use GPRS in china made mob prince A960
here most of gprs settings for most of mobile service operator India to enter in your phone mannulay Here you havemanual gprs settings for vodafone hutch idea airtel bsnl airtel live airtel mobile you can enter in your phone andconfigure mannuallyManual Idea gprs Settings1 Account Name - ideaGPRS2 Username - leave Blank3 Password -leave Blank4 Homepage - httpwapideafreshcom5
Posted in Computers amp Technology by vivek soni at 145 AM on June 13 2008Tags gprs help china mad mob
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i m Doing for Improve my englishgive me your best idea
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the
pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you canwell ntn its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming future n ways ntn some tips from my sidethat will help yu improve yu ur english are i Observe
Posted in Exams Education amp References by ntn jain at 939 PM on October 13 2008Tags want improve english improve best
what is html
they want Text is what you will use English letters just like you use everyday Markup is what you will do You willwrite in plain English and then mark up what you wrote Language Some may argue that technically html is a code
but you write html in plain everyday English languageHi RockyHTML is the code behind your webpage and is whatyour browser looks for to display a webpage the way the webdesigner
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Rocky at 258 PM on May 07 2008Tags html
how I improve my english speech
and be confidentYOU CAN DOWNLOAD A LOT OF SOFTWARES FROM INTERNET IT REALLY HELPSAND ANOTHER IDEA IS TO WATCH ENGLISH CHANNELS LIKE METRO NATION NDTV GOOD TIMESAND DONT FORGET TO WATCH NDTV DISCUSSIONSget to c more english movie join times classes on english
they improvise a lotEnglish can be improved by reading booksnewspaper by discussionsThese are certain tips toimprove english
Posted in Counselling by sagar gawde at 803 PM on February 14 2008Tags improve english speech
What is the best way to enhance skills in English Which is most best website which can help tolearn English from basic to a very high class
will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin thinking in English Listening to Native Speakers as Much asPossible is the good idea to enhance your English language skills Here are someFirst of all be motivated become a
person who likes to learn English Using as many different sources methods and tools as possible will allow you tolearn faster There are many different ways
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Posted in Self Development by RAVINDRA at 644 PM on October 03 2008Tags best enhance skills website help learn english basic high
Who created the first mouse
to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThe first marketed integrated mouseshipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came from the resemblance of earlymodels which had a cord attached to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThefirst marketed integrated mouse shipped as a part
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Aryan Gusain at 212 PM on July 02 2008Tags created first mouse
Do you have any idea for FRANKLYN INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGE Its a spoken English Institutewhich gives Job Guarantee if anyone knows plz let me know
190A Maniktolla Main Road Kolkata-54 phone no 91-33-32401558 91-33-32428200 frankylnkkghotmailcomhi poonamur question gives an idea dat ur command on english is nt poor why u r lookingYou have heard rightFRANKLYN offers spoken english courses and there is also a lot of students pursuing courses there
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 2341
bull due to ndash The adjectival use of due to is undisputed Its adverbial use howeverhas been a subject of dispute for many years as witnessed by several (especiallyUS) dictionary usage notes that in the end designate it as standard WilliamStrunk in his Elements of style labelled the disputed adverbial use of due to asincorrect [49] Although the first (1926) edition of FOWLER condemned the
adverbial use as common only among the illiterate the third (1996) editionsaid Opinion remains sharply divided but it begins to look as if this use of due
to will form part of the natural language of the 21C as one more example of aforgotten battle Due to is frequently used in place of from for with of because
of and other prepositions Undisputed synonyms for due to are caused by andattributable to
o Disputed usage He died due to cancer (He died of cancer)
o Disputed usage Due to the end of the Second War circumstances altered
profoundly (With the end of the Second War circumstances altered profoundly)
o Disputed usage The project failed due to lack of funds (The project
failed for lack of funds) o Undisputed usage His death was due to cancer
o Undisputed usage Many thought the problem was due to mismanagement
[edit] E
bull enormity ndash Frequently used as a synonym for enormousness or immensity but traditionally means extreme wickedness According to AHD4 thisdistinction has not always occurred historically but is now supported by 59 of the dictionarys Usage Panel[50] COD11 states that enormity as a synonym for hugeness is now broadly accepted as standard English Although Chambers lists
immenseness or vastness as a meaning it says it should not be used in thatsense commenting that it is encountered often because the word enormousness isawkward it recommends using instead another word such as hugeness greatness etc[51]
o Disputed usage The enormity of the elephant astounded me
o Traditional usage The enormity of Stalins purges astounds me
[edit] F
bull farther and further ndash Many prescriptivists adhere to the rule that farther only
should refer to matters of physical distance or position while further should bereserved for usages involving time or degree (as well as undisputed descriptionsof moreover and in addition)
o Disputed usage San Jose is further from LA than Santa Barbara
o Disputed usage LA was a couple hours farther from home than I
expectedo Disputed usage If her fever increases any farther I will call the doctor
o Undisputed usage I would like to discuss the issue further at a later time
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull fortuitously ndash Used by some interchangeably with fortunately strictly speaking fortuitousness is a reference to an occurrence depending on chance M-W notesthat use of the word in sense of fortunate has been in standard use for at least 70years and notes that the sense of coming or happening by a lucky chance isvirtually unnoticed by usage critics[52][clarification needed ]
[edit] G
bull gender ndash Gender is often used interchangeably with sex in the sense of the biological or social quality male and female It is never used to refer to sexualintercourse
o Gender traditionally refers to grammatical gender a feature in the
grammar of a number of different languages Some prescriptivists arguethat its use as a euphemism for sex is to be avoided as a genteelismFowler (p 211) says it is used either as a jocularityor a blunder
o Sex and gender can be used in different but related senses with sex
referring to biological characteristics and gender to social roles andexpectations based on sex Use of gender as interchangeable with or as areplacement for sex may confuse readers who draw this distinction See
gender identity gender role
[edit] H
bull hoi polloi ndash The question surrounding hoi polloi is whether it is appropriate to usethe article the preceding the phrase it arises because hoi is the Greek word for the in the phrase and classical purists complain that adding the makes the phrase
redundant the the common people Foreign phrases borrowed into English areoften reanalyzed as single grammatical units requiring an English article inappropriate contexts AHD4 says The Arabic element al- means the andappears in English nouns such as alcohol and alchemy Thus since no one wouldconsider a phrase such as the alcohol to be redundant criticizing the hoi polloi onsimilar grounds seems pedantic[53]
bull hopefully ndash Some prescriptivists argue this word should not be used as anexpression of confidence in an outcome however M-W classes hopefully withother words such as interestingly frankly and unfortunately (which areunremarkably used in a similar way) as disjuncts and describes this usage as
entirely standard
[54]
AHD4 however notes that opposition to this usage by their usage panels has grown from 56 to 73 despite support for similar disjuncts(such as 60 support for the use of mercifully in Mercifully the game ended before the opponents could add another touchdown to the lopsided score) AHD4opines that this opposition is not to the use of these adverbs in general but thatthis use of hopefully has become a shibboleth[55] OED lists this usage withoutany colloquial or other label other than to say Avoided by many writers[56]
See also the discussion of hopefully as a dangling modifier One investigation in
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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modern corpora on Language Log revealed that outside fiction where it stillrepresents 40 of all uses (the other qualifying primarily speech and gazes)disjunct uses account for the vast majority (over 90) of all uses of the word[57]
o Disputed usage Hopefully Ill get that scholarship
o Undisputed usage The prisoner thought hopefully about the prospect for
escape when he realized the guards accidentally left his cell unlocked
Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] L
bull less ndash Some prescriptivists argue that less should not be substituted for fewer Merriam-Webster notes The traditional view is that less applies to matters of degree value or amount and modifies collective nouns mass nouns or nounsdenoting an abstract whole while fewer applies to matters of number and modifies plural nouns Less has been used to modify plural nouns since the days of King
Alfred and the usage though roundly decried appears to be increasing Less ismore likely than fewer to modify plural nouns when distances sums of moneyand a few fixed phrases are involved ltless than 100 milesgt ltan investment of less
than $2000gt ltin 25 words or lessgt and as likely as fewer to modify periods of time ltin less (or fewer ) than four hoursgt[58]
o Disputed usage This lane 12 items or less
o Undisputed usage We had fewer players on the team this season
o Undisputed usage There is less water in the tank now
bull like and as ndash Some prescriptivists object to the use of like as a conjunction statingit is rather a preposition and that only as would be appropriate in this
circumstance M-W however cites likes use as a conjunction as standard sincethe 14th century and opines that opposition to it is perhaps more heated thanrational (see M-Ws entry like [7 conjunction]) AHD4 says Writers sinceChaucers time have used like as a conjunction but 19th-century and 20th-centurycritics have been so vehement in their condemnations of this usage that a writer who uses the construction in formal style risks being accused of illiteracy or worse and recommends using as in formal speech and writing[59] OED does nottag it as colloquial or nonstandard but notes Used as conj[unction] = like asas Now generally condemned as vulgar or slovenly though examples may befound in many recent writers of standing[60] Chambers lists the conjunctive useas colloquial[61]
o Undisputed usage He is an American as am Io Undisputed usage He is an American like me
o Undisputed usage It looks as if this play will be a flop
o Undisputed usage This play looks like a flop
o Disputed usage He is an American like I am
o Disputed usage It looks like this play will be a flop
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull literally ndash Some prescriptivists argue literally should not be used as a mereemphatic unless the thing to which it refers is actually true It is used todisambiguate a possible metaphorical interpretation of a phrase M-W does notcondemn the second use which means in effect or virtually but says the useis pure hyperbole intended to gain emphasis but it often appears in contexts
where no additional emphasis is necessary[62]
o Disputed usage The party literally went with a bang (No it did not
unless there was an actual loud noise)o Undisputed usage I literally ran more than 25 miles today I ran a
marathon
bull loan ndash The use of loan as a verb meaning to give out a loan is disputed withlend being preferred for the verb form AHD4 flatly states [t]he verb loan is wellestablished in American usage and cannot be considered incorrect[63] M-W statesloan is entirely standard as a verb[64] RH says Sometimes mistakenlyidentified as an Americanism loan as a verb meaning to lend has been used in
English for nearly 800 years it further states that objections to this use arecomparatively recent[65] Chambers defines the verb loan as to lend (especiallymoney)[66] OED merely states Now chiefly US[67] and COD11 includes themeaning without tag or comment
o Undisputed usage I lent him some money
o Undisputed usage Fill out the paperwork for a loan
o Disputed usage I loaned him some money
[edit] M
bull may and might ndash May should only be used where the event in question is still
possible not for something that was possible in the past or for a hypothetical present possibility Might is properly the past tense form of may (In similar fashion could should and would are all past tense forms for can shalland will respectively)
o Undisputed usage My brother may have gone to China last week
( perhaps he did )o Disputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother may have gone
to China last week (but he didnt )o Undisputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother might have
gone to China last weeko Disputed usage He thought it may be true (but it wasnt )
o Undisputed usage He thought it might be true
bull meet ndash Some prescriptivists state that as a transitive verb in the context to cometogether by chance or arrangement meet (as in meet (someone)) does not requirea preposition between verb and object the phrase meet with (someone) is deemedincorrect Chambers flags this usage US[68] RH allows it in the sense of to joinas for conference or instruction I met with her an hour a day until we solved the problem[69] On the other hand none of M-W AHD4 or COD11 entertains this
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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usage NOTE In the sense of fulfilling prerequisites or criteria (We met with theentry requirements) or that of encountering (Our suggestions may meet with
opposition the soldiers met with machine-gun fire) the verb phrase meet with isnot in dispute
o Disputed usage I will meet with you tonight
o
Undisputed usage I will meet you tonight
bull momentarily ndash Traditionally momentarily means for a moment but its use tomean in a moment is sometimes disputed M-W[70] and RH[71] give this latter usage a standard entry without comment while OED[72] and Chambers[73] tag itNAmer AHD4 has a usage note indicating that 59 of their Usage Paneldeems this usage unacceptable[74]
o Disputed usage Your feature presentation will begin momentarily
o Undisputed usage The flash from the atom bomb momentarily lit up the
night sky
[edit] N
bull nauseous ndash Traditionally nauseous means causing nausea (synonymous withnauseating) it is commonly used now as a synonym for queasy that ishaving the feeling of nausea AHD4 notes the traditional view stating that 72 of the Usage Panel preferred nauseated over nauseous to mean affected withnausea however 88 of that same panel preferred nauseating to nauseous tomean causing nausea in other words a maximum of only 28 prefersnauseous in either case It also states that in common usage nauseous issynonymous with nauseated but deems this usage incorrect[75] M-W howeverasserts that [t]hose who insist that nauseous is an error for nauseated are
mistaken[76] Both M-W and AHD4 accept that nauseous is supplantingnauseated for feeling nausea and in turn being replaced by nauseating for causing nausea in general usage they only differ on the correctness of thechange RH states The two literal senses of nauseous [] appear in English atalmost the same time in the early 17th century and both senses are in standard useat the present time Nauseous is more common than nauseated in the senseaffected with nausea despite recent objections by those who imagine the sense to be new[77] CHAMBERS lists the sense of causing nausea first and affected withnausea second[78] while COD11 gives the affliction first and causation second both dictionaries list the entries without comment OED goes further tagging itsnauseated usage as Orig[inally] US but demoted its nauseating usage to
literary OED also notes that the original (now obsolete) sense of the word inEnglish was inclined to sickness or nausea squeamish[79] Curiously this oldestseventeenth-century meaning (inclined to nausea) while distinct from thedisputed twentieth-century usage (afflicted by nausea) more closely resemblesthe latter than it does the prescribed meaning (causing nausea)
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseous
o Disputed usage That smell is making me nauseous
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseating
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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future tense (The supervisor will be back presently)[80] M-W mentions the samevintage for the sense of now and that it is not clear why it is objectionable[81]
AHD4 states that despite its use nowadays in literate speech and writing thatthere is still lingering prejudice against this use In the late 1980s only 50 of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved of the sentence General Walters is hellip
presently the United States Ambassador to the United Nations[82]
COD11 lists both usages without comment CHAMBERS merely flags the sense of now asN Amer especially US[83]
o Disputed usage I am presently reading Wikipedia
o Undisputed usage I will be finished with that activity presently
[edit] R
bull refute ndash The traditional meaning of refute is disprove or dispel with reasoned
arguments It is now often used as a synonym for deny The latter sense islisted without comment by M-W[84] and AHD4[85] while CHAMBERS tags it ascolloquial[86] COD11 states that Traditionalists object to [the use of refute asdeny] but it is now widely accepted in standard English However RH does notmention this use at all[87]
bull relatively ndash Literally meaning compared to some now use relatively to meanmoderately or somewhat AHD4 does not list this usage at all [88] M-W hasapparently blended the two usages in one[89]
o Disputed usage That man was relatively annoying
o Undisputed usage Though relatively harmless when compared to
dimethylmercury mercury (II) oxide is still quite toxic
[edit] S
bull Scotch Scots and Scottish ndash Formerly English people used Scotch whereScottish people used Scottish The current convention is as follows
o Scottish for people
o Scotch for things (especially whisky)
o Scots for institutions (Scots law Scots language)
bull
seek ndash This means look for but is used to mean try or want This usage iscriticised by Fowler in the entry Formal Words
o Disputed usage we did seek to resolve the Iraq crisis by peaceful
means those who seek to emulate his legacy of murder the Liberalsseek to undermine that future[attribution needed ]
o Undisputed usage Seek and ye shall find
[edit] T
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull than mdash Than is the subject of a longstanding dispute as to its status as a preposition or conjunction see than For the disputed construction different thansee Different
bull they mdash Prescriptivists regard this as a plural pronoun that uses a third person
plural verb conjugation (see below they show) but the word is now commonlyused especially in speech and informal writing as a non-gender-specific third- person singular pronoun (which modern English otherwise lacks) Alternativesinclude he or she and generic he Some writers argue that generic he isgeneric (as the name implies) and thus includes both sexes Others find it sexist or too old-fashioned The pronouns you or one can be used in some sentences
o Disputed usage A person is rude if they show no respect for their hosts
o Undisputed usage One is rude if one shows no respect for ones hosts
o Undisputed usage It is rude not to show respect for hosts
o Undisputed usage Many people have told me that they are satisfied with
their food
bull thusly mdash Thusly (AHD4 suggests) was originally coined by educated writers tomake fun of uneducated persons trying to sound genteel[90] Thusly howeverdiffused into popular usage Some people accept it as an adverb in its own rightwhile others believe thus should be used in all cases The word thusly appearswith no associated usage notes in M-W[91] COD11 tags it as informal with theentry thus tagged as literary or formal CHAMBERS does not list the word atall and it is unknown in British usage[92]
[edit] U
bull unique ndash Some prescriptivists argue that unique only means sole or unequaled (British spelling unequalled) but most dictionaries give a thirdmeaning unusual which can be qualified by very or somewhat as in Thetheme of the party was somewhat unique see comparison Almost unique isuniversally acceptable[citation needed ]
[edit] W
bull
whilst and while mdash Penguin Working Words recommends while only and notesthat whilst is old-fashioned Cambridge Guide to English Usage and M-WsWebsters Guide to English Usage comment on its regional character and notethat it is rare in American usage It is thus safer to use only while in internationalEnglish (See the article While for further sources deprecating the use of whilst and cautioning about uses of while)
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bull who mdash Some prescriptivists argue that who should be used only as a subject pronoun the corresponding object pronoun being whom Strictly speakingusing who instead of whom is substituting a subjective pronoun for an objective pronoun and hence is the same as using she instead of her (eg I talked to she
today) Most people never use whom in spoken English and instead use who for
all cases Those who use whom in everyday speech may recognize substitution of who as substandard FOWLER has an extensive entry on who and whom
including several quotes from major publications where whom is used incorrectlyo Undisputed usage You are talking to whom
o Disputed usage You are talking to who
o Undisputed usage To whom are you talking
o Disputed usage To who are you talking
o Disputed usage far more hostile to Diana whom she believes betrayed
the Prince of WalesmdashIndependent Mag 1993 (FOWLER)o Undisputed usage far more hostile to Diana who she believes betrayed
the Prince of Wales
o Disputed usage Whom do men say that I am (Mark 927 King JamesVersion)
bull whoever mdash This extension of who (see above) along with its object formwhomever is attended by the same uncertainties as who along with whom and isdiscussed in the same sources (See the relevant section at Who)
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever wants it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever you think should have it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whomever you choose to give it
o Disputed usage Give it to whoever you choose to give it to
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever wants it
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever you think should have it
Module - Pair work - Asking questions to yourpartner
Hey
with Group 2 we first talked a little about food at the beginning of the class as awarm up And here is what we said
to be written by Franc
Then today was the first day that we worked in pairs You had to find informationabout superhero characters asking questions to your partner
Here are the two worksheets if you still need to complete them
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW you need to be able to speak about the picture of a super hero + speak about
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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their story + give the common points between all the super heroes presented Yourpresentation will last about 3 to 5 minutes You can send me some drafts (brouillon)if neededBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - Tale LV2
Southern Trees - beginning of the study
Hey
today we first warmed up about your future jobs while waiting for those who werelate Here is what you said
I would like to become an architect when I leave highschool (Selma)I want to study law to be a lawyer maybe ( Jeacuterocircme)
Structures WANT TO WOULD LIKE TO -- Attention aux noms de meacutetiers quisont preacuteceacutedeacutes de larticle aan
Then we did a quick recap about what Jim Crow laws used to be Here is what wesaid
bull Jim Crow Laws
These were laws about racial segregation until the end of the 1960sBlacks were not allowed to go to school with Whites
Blacks were not allowed to attend school with WhitesBlacks were forbidden to live together there were separate water
fountains rest rooms or entrances at restaurantsThey were prohibited to sit at the front of a bus
bull KKK(1865-)
white Protestantssupremacy of the white race
white costumesterrorism and violence to oppress Blacks
Finally we listened to the text and we started our general comprehesion by
highlighting the important information about the type of document the places thetime Here is what we wrote
bull Text Southern Trees
- type of doc extract from the autobiographic novel of Billie Holliday- who Billie Holliday Lewis Allen piano player of Billie Pop audience bitch
- where in New-York at Cafe Society on 52nd Street Miami Los Angeles
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- when published in 1956
HW you need to finish answering the usual wh- questions about the text (inparticular about the feelings of the characters involved) You also need to divide thetext into 2 parts give them a title and justify your titles
NB you will have a vocabulary test next week with the words from the lesson andthe words from the tool box p 53 You may also have a test about the text andabout racial discrimination in the US on Wednesday It will depend on how far we areinto the study of the document Southern TreesBy English Prof
Enter comment - View comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Spiderman - Page 3
This morning with the whole class we first warmed up with why I was a little late inclass Here is what we wrote
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
Then we studied the last page from Spiderman
There was a secretary for each person that spoke about a panel Here are the notesthat we took while they were speaking
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
HW you will be able to speak about the document at the beginning of the class in arow (dun seul trait )You can download the last page here
By English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Oral tests about picture presentation + Lastsuperhero activity in pair work
Hey
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today in module I asked you to speak about the picture p 152 that you had tocomment You need to improve your analysis Ill be asking other students next timeagain
Here is an example of presentation Its not perfect but its a rather good one
The document is a picture where there are two parts In the first part wecan see a white family at the bottom who is sitting in a garden They looksurprised and they are looking at the second family who feels happy and
impressed Contrary to the white family they are standing and clad with
their traditional dress Its a black family
To me the scene takes place in the USA and the goal of this picture is todenounce discrimination which treats people differently in society
The photographer aims at criticizing segregation In this photo theseparation is represented by the fence which is separating Africans from
Americans Segregation in the 20th century in America was when the Blacksand the Whites couldnt blend
To my mind this picture is a good representation of discrimination MartinLuther King and Rosa Park are the symbols of this conflict When I see somepeople wanted to change society and make people aware of these
inequalities through paintings photos speeches or parades Im grateful tothem
The picture attains its objective I like this photo because it denounces very
well the implicit problems of American society in the 20th century(by Rochella D)
Group 2 then we started a new activity about grammar on how to differentiatebetween Present Simple and Present Be + ing
You may download the documents hereyet to be uploaded
Group 1 Then we started a new activity that was initially designed by MissFernandes a colleague in the academy of Caen We first described the pictures of the superheroes
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW You need to finish the description of each picture and prepare the questions toask to your partner about the missing elements in your worksheetBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareMonday 16 november 2009
- Posted in For Fun
The Prisoner - New Series - Trailer
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A new American series that you will probably LOVE Here is the trailer Looks andsounds fantastic
Exprimer le conseil en anglais
Today after taking a test on Body beauty and body parts (phonetics included) wespoke about superstitions on Friday the 13th And we discovered that Jonathansgrand-ma was extremely supersticious and that some of you believed in supernaturalthings too like Juliette who thinks her mother can read her mind or Camille RL whois sure what she says sometimes comes true Beware of the other Camille T whohas got a black cat She is certainly a witch and she may transform us all intopiglets Just kidding of course )
Here is what we said about superstitions
Today is a special day
On Friday the 13th people who are superstitious believe something terribly
bad or something awesome will happen to them
Examples of supertisions- you shouldnt be 13 around a table
- you shouldnt walk under a ladder- you shouldnt meet a black cat
- you shouldnt break a mirror- you shouldnt celebrate a birthday before
- you should wear a rabbit leg- you shouldnt walk on a line in the street
- you shouldnt cross your legs- you should touch wood when you say something bad
- you shouldnt put hats or shoes on a bed- you shouldnt open your umbrella inside
- you shouldnt put the bread upside down
Remember to express advice there are 3 very simple structures
bull should shouldnt + V
bull had better had better not + V bull ought to ought not to + V
Chocircmage unemployment
Embaucher to hire
bull by + V+ ing au moyen de en + V+ ingbull to + V pour + V (le but)
leisure loisirshigh ndash loweacuteleveacute ndash bas
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ecirctre oblige de to have to + Vto lead to entraicircnerhuge immense= The work-week la semaine de travailIn France the 35 hours-work week was decided and implemented in the 1990rsquos by asocialist government ( Mrs Aubry)
Exercice de traduction 1) Les employeacutes doivent faire des heures suppleacutementairesEmployees must do long hoursEmployees have to do long hours2) Il y a de nombreuses faccedilons de trouver du travailThere are a lot of ways to find work3) Lrsquoimmense augmentation des reacuteseaux sociaux permettent aux gens decommuniquer drsquoavantageThe huge increase of social networks enables people to communicate more4) Le travail suppleacutementaire entraicircne des problegravemes de santeacute pour les hommessurmeneacutes
bull Homebull Mail
bull Photos
bull Music
bull Games + Apps
bull More
o SMS Groups
o Sawaal
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o Free SMS
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Sign Up Sign In
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thornyuml
thornyuml
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I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i mDoing for Improve my english give me your best idea
Asked in Exams Education amp References at 1200 PM on October 09 2008
Tags english idea
This question is closedReport abuse
ntn jainProfile | QampA
Rate this 00
bull Latest Answers(4)
Sort by Latest | Oldest | Top-rated
English is best improved by practice and also by taking a small course to improve grammar and communication skillsThe key to practice is to read newspapers magazines and books almost regularly You can also start talking andexpressing yourself in English with your peers friends and (if possible) relatives
Writing in English is a good habit that will strengthen your expression skills as well In case you complete this all-round approach I am sure you will do well All the best
Answered by Idle Mind an ibibo Master at 409 PM on October 13 2008
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Idle MindProfile | QampA
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you can
Answered by Rachana an ibibo Citizen at 106 PM on October 11 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
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RachanaProfile | QampA
well ntn
its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming
future n ways ntn some tips from my side that will help yu improve yu ur english are
i Observe the mouth movements of those who speak English well and try to imitate them
When you are watching television observe the mouth movements of the speakers Repeat what they are saying whileimitating the intonation and rhythm of their speech
ii Until you learn the correct intonation and rhythm of English slow your speech down
If you speak too quickly and with the wrong intonation and rhythm native speakers will have a hard timeunderstanding you
Dont worry about your listener getting impatient with your slow speech -- it is more important that everything you say be understood
iii Listen to the music of English
Do not use the music of your native language when you speak English Each language has its own way of singing
iv Use the dictionary
Try and familiarise yourself with the phonetic symbols of your dictionary Look up the correct pronunciation of wordsthat are hard for you to say
v Make a list of frequently used words that you find difficult to pronounce and ask someone who speaks the languagewell to pronounce them for you
Record these words listen to them and practice saying them Listen and read at the same time
vi Buy books on tape
Record yourself reading some sections of the book Compare the sound of your English with that of the person readingthe book on the tape
vii Pronounce the ending of each word
Pay special attention to S and ED endings This will help you strengthen the mouth muscles that you use when youspeak English
viii Read aloud in English for 15-20 minutes every day
Research has shown it takes about three months of daily practice to develop strong mouth muscles for speaking a newlanguage
ix Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation mistakes
Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice and avoid listening to themselves speak However this is a veryimportant exercise because doing it will help you become conscious of the mistakes you are making
x Be patient
You can change the way you speak but it wont happen overnight People often expect instant results and give up toosoon You can change the way you sound if you are willing to put some effort into it
GOOD LUCK
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Answered by Anant-- an ibibo Master at 133 PM on October 09 2008
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Anant--Profile | QampA
BEST WAY ACCORDING TO ME IS READ DAILY ENGLISH NEWSPAPER IF U COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY ONE OXFORD DICTIONARY AND REFER MEANINGS AND IFU COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY MEANINGS CONVERSION OF ENGLISH TO UR MOTHER TONGUE THIS MAY TAKESOME TIME THERE WILL BE SOME IMPROVEMENT IN JUST 1 MONTH BETTER READ HINDU OR TIMES OF INDIAALL THE BEST
Answered by gyaneshwar an ibibo Citizen at 1258 PM on October 09 2008
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gyaneshwar Profile | QampA
Related Search
Meri english bahot hi weak haimain apni english kaise strong kar sakta hoonkis tarah fluentlyenglish bol sakta hoon
dearthe simple way to improve you english is to particehave you ever heard of the saying Parctise makes a man perfect so even when you you commit mistake try to learn from the mistake and rectify themand simple start askingquestion to people in Englishand if you want yo learn english donot fell embrace in the front of anyone and alsotry to read TIMES OF INDIAN
Posted in Self Development by naqeeb ahmar at 758 PM on March 17 2008Tags meri english bahot weak apni kaise strong sakta tarah fluently hoon
how to improve english plese tell me
to compose simple sentences in your mind when you are alone Stick on the idea you want to convey rather than thegrammar Speak to the native English speakers if possible Chatt with those in internet SearchI dont know the level of your english if you have basics the fun way of learning are english comics cartoon network in english or any english
movies comics will help you in speaking good english
Posted in Love amp Romance by Shiva Singh at 1015 PM on September 24 2008Tags improve english plese
How can i improve my Enlish speaking and writing both
their meanings and use them in your convesationListen to english newsFor writing read the books on letters essaysand storiesslowly you will get the idea of using english in your convenienceFinally findDear Ashok It is good you
thornyuml
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want to improve your English First and foremost thing you need is YOU All you need to do is give quality time notthe quantity Do make a conscious effort and smart work
Posted in Self Development by ashok sharma at 626 AM on October 14 2008Tags improve enlish writing
how to use GPRS in china made mob prince A960
here most of gprs settings for most of mobile service operator India to enter in your phone mannulay Here you havemanual gprs settings for vodafone hutch idea airtel bsnl airtel live airtel mobile you can enter in your phone andconfigure mannuallyManual Idea gprs Settings1 Account Name - ideaGPRS2 Username - leave Blank3 Password -leave Blank4 Homepage - httpwapideafreshcom5
Posted in Computers amp Technology by vivek soni at 145 AM on June 13 2008Tags gprs help china mad mob
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i m Doing for Improve my englishgive me your best idea
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the
pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you canwell ntn its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming future n ways ntn some tips from my sidethat will help yu improve yu ur english are i Observe
Posted in Exams Education amp References by ntn jain at 939 PM on October 13 2008Tags want improve english improve best
what is html
they want Text is what you will use English letters just like you use everyday Markup is what you will do You willwrite in plain English and then mark up what you wrote Language Some may argue that technically html is a code
but you write html in plain everyday English languageHi RockyHTML is the code behind your webpage and is whatyour browser looks for to display a webpage the way the webdesigner
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Rocky at 258 PM on May 07 2008Tags html
how I improve my english speech
and be confidentYOU CAN DOWNLOAD A LOT OF SOFTWARES FROM INTERNET IT REALLY HELPSAND ANOTHER IDEA IS TO WATCH ENGLISH CHANNELS LIKE METRO NATION NDTV GOOD TIMESAND DONT FORGET TO WATCH NDTV DISCUSSIONSget to c more english movie join times classes on english
they improvise a lotEnglish can be improved by reading booksnewspaper by discussionsThese are certain tips toimprove english
Posted in Counselling by sagar gawde at 803 PM on February 14 2008Tags improve english speech
What is the best way to enhance skills in English Which is most best website which can help tolearn English from basic to a very high class
will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin thinking in English Listening to Native Speakers as Much asPossible is the good idea to enhance your English language skills Here are someFirst of all be motivated become a
person who likes to learn English Using as many different sources methods and tools as possible will allow you tolearn faster There are many different ways
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Posted in Self Development by RAVINDRA at 644 PM on October 03 2008Tags best enhance skills website help learn english basic high
Who created the first mouse
to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThe first marketed integrated mouseshipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came from the resemblance of earlymodels which had a cord attached to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThefirst marketed integrated mouse shipped as a part
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Aryan Gusain at 212 PM on July 02 2008Tags created first mouse
Do you have any idea for FRANKLYN INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGE Its a spoken English Institutewhich gives Job Guarantee if anyone knows plz let me know
190A Maniktolla Main Road Kolkata-54 phone no 91-33-32401558 91-33-32428200 frankylnkkghotmailcomhi poonamur question gives an idea dat ur command on english is nt poor why u r lookingYou have heard rightFRANKLYN offers spoken english courses and there is also a lot of students pursuing courses there
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bull fortuitously ndash Used by some interchangeably with fortunately strictly speaking fortuitousness is a reference to an occurrence depending on chance M-W notesthat use of the word in sense of fortunate has been in standard use for at least 70years and notes that the sense of coming or happening by a lucky chance isvirtually unnoticed by usage critics[52][clarification needed ]
[edit] G
bull gender ndash Gender is often used interchangeably with sex in the sense of the biological or social quality male and female It is never used to refer to sexualintercourse
o Gender traditionally refers to grammatical gender a feature in the
grammar of a number of different languages Some prescriptivists arguethat its use as a euphemism for sex is to be avoided as a genteelismFowler (p 211) says it is used either as a jocularityor a blunder
o Sex and gender can be used in different but related senses with sex
referring to biological characteristics and gender to social roles andexpectations based on sex Use of gender as interchangeable with or as areplacement for sex may confuse readers who draw this distinction See
gender identity gender role
[edit] H
bull hoi polloi ndash The question surrounding hoi polloi is whether it is appropriate to usethe article the preceding the phrase it arises because hoi is the Greek word for the in the phrase and classical purists complain that adding the makes the phrase
redundant the the common people Foreign phrases borrowed into English areoften reanalyzed as single grammatical units requiring an English article inappropriate contexts AHD4 says The Arabic element al- means the andappears in English nouns such as alcohol and alchemy Thus since no one wouldconsider a phrase such as the alcohol to be redundant criticizing the hoi polloi onsimilar grounds seems pedantic[53]
bull hopefully ndash Some prescriptivists argue this word should not be used as anexpression of confidence in an outcome however M-W classes hopefully withother words such as interestingly frankly and unfortunately (which areunremarkably used in a similar way) as disjuncts and describes this usage as
entirely standard
[54]
AHD4 however notes that opposition to this usage by their usage panels has grown from 56 to 73 despite support for similar disjuncts(such as 60 support for the use of mercifully in Mercifully the game ended before the opponents could add another touchdown to the lopsided score) AHD4opines that this opposition is not to the use of these adverbs in general but thatthis use of hopefully has become a shibboleth[55] OED lists this usage withoutany colloquial or other label other than to say Avoided by many writers[56]
See also the discussion of hopefully as a dangling modifier One investigation in
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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modern corpora on Language Log revealed that outside fiction where it stillrepresents 40 of all uses (the other qualifying primarily speech and gazes)disjunct uses account for the vast majority (over 90) of all uses of the word[57]
o Disputed usage Hopefully Ill get that scholarship
o Undisputed usage The prisoner thought hopefully about the prospect for
escape when he realized the guards accidentally left his cell unlocked
Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] L
bull less ndash Some prescriptivists argue that less should not be substituted for fewer Merriam-Webster notes The traditional view is that less applies to matters of degree value or amount and modifies collective nouns mass nouns or nounsdenoting an abstract whole while fewer applies to matters of number and modifies plural nouns Less has been used to modify plural nouns since the days of King
Alfred and the usage though roundly decried appears to be increasing Less ismore likely than fewer to modify plural nouns when distances sums of moneyand a few fixed phrases are involved ltless than 100 milesgt ltan investment of less
than $2000gt ltin 25 words or lessgt and as likely as fewer to modify periods of time ltin less (or fewer ) than four hoursgt[58]
o Disputed usage This lane 12 items or less
o Undisputed usage We had fewer players on the team this season
o Undisputed usage There is less water in the tank now
bull like and as ndash Some prescriptivists object to the use of like as a conjunction statingit is rather a preposition and that only as would be appropriate in this
circumstance M-W however cites likes use as a conjunction as standard sincethe 14th century and opines that opposition to it is perhaps more heated thanrational (see M-Ws entry like [7 conjunction]) AHD4 says Writers sinceChaucers time have used like as a conjunction but 19th-century and 20th-centurycritics have been so vehement in their condemnations of this usage that a writer who uses the construction in formal style risks being accused of illiteracy or worse and recommends using as in formal speech and writing[59] OED does nottag it as colloquial or nonstandard but notes Used as conj[unction] = like asas Now generally condemned as vulgar or slovenly though examples may befound in many recent writers of standing[60] Chambers lists the conjunctive useas colloquial[61]
o Undisputed usage He is an American as am Io Undisputed usage He is an American like me
o Undisputed usage It looks as if this play will be a flop
o Undisputed usage This play looks like a flop
o Disputed usage He is an American like I am
o Disputed usage It looks like this play will be a flop
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull literally ndash Some prescriptivists argue literally should not be used as a mereemphatic unless the thing to which it refers is actually true It is used todisambiguate a possible metaphorical interpretation of a phrase M-W does notcondemn the second use which means in effect or virtually but says the useis pure hyperbole intended to gain emphasis but it often appears in contexts
where no additional emphasis is necessary[62]
o Disputed usage The party literally went with a bang (No it did not
unless there was an actual loud noise)o Undisputed usage I literally ran more than 25 miles today I ran a
marathon
bull loan ndash The use of loan as a verb meaning to give out a loan is disputed withlend being preferred for the verb form AHD4 flatly states [t]he verb loan is wellestablished in American usage and cannot be considered incorrect[63] M-W statesloan is entirely standard as a verb[64] RH says Sometimes mistakenlyidentified as an Americanism loan as a verb meaning to lend has been used in
English for nearly 800 years it further states that objections to this use arecomparatively recent[65] Chambers defines the verb loan as to lend (especiallymoney)[66] OED merely states Now chiefly US[67] and COD11 includes themeaning without tag or comment
o Undisputed usage I lent him some money
o Undisputed usage Fill out the paperwork for a loan
o Disputed usage I loaned him some money
[edit] M
bull may and might ndash May should only be used where the event in question is still
possible not for something that was possible in the past or for a hypothetical present possibility Might is properly the past tense form of may (In similar fashion could should and would are all past tense forms for can shalland will respectively)
o Undisputed usage My brother may have gone to China last week
( perhaps he did )o Disputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother may have gone
to China last week (but he didnt )o Undisputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother might have
gone to China last weeko Disputed usage He thought it may be true (but it wasnt )
o Undisputed usage He thought it might be true
bull meet ndash Some prescriptivists state that as a transitive verb in the context to cometogether by chance or arrangement meet (as in meet (someone)) does not requirea preposition between verb and object the phrase meet with (someone) is deemedincorrect Chambers flags this usage US[68] RH allows it in the sense of to joinas for conference or instruction I met with her an hour a day until we solved the problem[69] On the other hand none of M-W AHD4 or COD11 entertains this
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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usage NOTE In the sense of fulfilling prerequisites or criteria (We met with theentry requirements) or that of encountering (Our suggestions may meet with
opposition the soldiers met with machine-gun fire) the verb phrase meet with isnot in dispute
o Disputed usage I will meet with you tonight
o
Undisputed usage I will meet you tonight
bull momentarily ndash Traditionally momentarily means for a moment but its use tomean in a moment is sometimes disputed M-W[70] and RH[71] give this latter usage a standard entry without comment while OED[72] and Chambers[73] tag itNAmer AHD4 has a usage note indicating that 59 of their Usage Paneldeems this usage unacceptable[74]
o Disputed usage Your feature presentation will begin momentarily
o Undisputed usage The flash from the atom bomb momentarily lit up the
night sky
[edit] N
bull nauseous ndash Traditionally nauseous means causing nausea (synonymous withnauseating) it is commonly used now as a synonym for queasy that ishaving the feeling of nausea AHD4 notes the traditional view stating that 72 of the Usage Panel preferred nauseated over nauseous to mean affected withnausea however 88 of that same panel preferred nauseating to nauseous tomean causing nausea in other words a maximum of only 28 prefersnauseous in either case It also states that in common usage nauseous issynonymous with nauseated but deems this usage incorrect[75] M-W howeverasserts that [t]hose who insist that nauseous is an error for nauseated are
mistaken[76] Both M-W and AHD4 accept that nauseous is supplantingnauseated for feeling nausea and in turn being replaced by nauseating for causing nausea in general usage they only differ on the correctness of thechange RH states The two literal senses of nauseous [] appear in English atalmost the same time in the early 17th century and both senses are in standard useat the present time Nauseous is more common than nauseated in the senseaffected with nausea despite recent objections by those who imagine the sense to be new[77] CHAMBERS lists the sense of causing nausea first and affected withnausea second[78] while COD11 gives the affliction first and causation second both dictionaries list the entries without comment OED goes further tagging itsnauseated usage as Orig[inally] US but demoted its nauseating usage to
literary OED also notes that the original (now obsolete) sense of the word inEnglish was inclined to sickness or nausea squeamish[79] Curiously this oldestseventeenth-century meaning (inclined to nausea) while distinct from thedisputed twentieth-century usage (afflicted by nausea) more closely resemblesthe latter than it does the prescribed meaning (causing nausea)
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseous
o Disputed usage That smell is making me nauseous
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseating
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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future tense (The supervisor will be back presently)[80] M-W mentions the samevintage for the sense of now and that it is not clear why it is objectionable[81]
AHD4 states that despite its use nowadays in literate speech and writing thatthere is still lingering prejudice against this use In the late 1980s only 50 of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved of the sentence General Walters is hellip
presently the United States Ambassador to the United Nations[82]
COD11 lists both usages without comment CHAMBERS merely flags the sense of now asN Amer especially US[83]
o Disputed usage I am presently reading Wikipedia
o Undisputed usage I will be finished with that activity presently
[edit] R
bull refute ndash The traditional meaning of refute is disprove or dispel with reasoned
arguments It is now often used as a synonym for deny The latter sense islisted without comment by M-W[84] and AHD4[85] while CHAMBERS tags it ascolloquial[86] COD11 states that Traditionalists object to [the use of refute asdeny] but it is now widely accepted in standard English However RH does notmention this use at all[87]
bull relatively ndash Literally meaning compared to some now use relatively to meanmoderately or somewhat AHD4 does not list this usage at all [88] M-W hasapparently blended the two usages in one[89]
o Disputed usage That man was relatively annoying
o Undisputed usage Though relatively harmless when compared to
dimethylmercury mercury (II) oxide is still quite toxic
[edit] S
bull Scotch Scots and Scottish ndash Formerly English people used Scotch whereScottish people used Scottish The current convention is as follows
o Scottish for people
o Scotch for things (especially whisky)
o Scots for institutions (Scots law Scots language)
bull
seek ndash This means look for but is used to mean try or want This usage iscriticised by Fowler in the entry Formal Words
o Disputed usage we did seek to resolve the Iraq crisis by peaceful
means those who seek to emulate his legacy of murder the Liberalsseek to undermine that future[attribution needed ]
o Undisputed usage Seek and ye shall find
[edit] T
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull than mdash Than is the subject of a longstanding dispute as to its status as a preposition or conjunction see than For the disputed construction different thansee Different
bull they mdash Prescriptivists regard this as a plural pronoun that uses a third person
plural verb conjugation (see below they show) but the word is now commonlyused especially in speech and informal writing as a non-gender-specific third- person singular pronoun (which modern English otherwise lacks) Alternativesinclude he or she and generic he Some writers argue that generic he isgeneric (as the name implies) and thus includes both sexes Others find it sexist or too old-fashioned The pronouns you or one can be used in some sentences
o Disputed usage A person is rude if they show no respect for their hosts
o Undisputed usage One is rude if one shows no respect for ones hosts
o Undisputed usage It is rude not to show respect for hosts
o Undisputed usage Many people have told me that they are satisfied with
their food
bull thusly mdash Thusly (AHD4 suggests) was originally coined by educated writers tomake fun of uneducated persons trying to sound genteel[90] Thusly howeverdiffused into popular usage Some people accept it as an adverb in its own rightwhile others believe thus should be used in all cases The word thusly appearswith no associated usage notes in M-W[91] COD11 tags it as informal with theentry thus tagged as literary or formal CHAMBERS does not list the word atall and it is unknown in British usage[92]
[edit] U
bull unique ndash Some prescriptivists argue that unique only means sole or unequaled (British spelling unequalled) but most dictionaries give a thirdmeaning unusual which can be qualified by very or somewhat as in Thetheme of the party was somewhat unique see comparison Almost unique isuniversally acceptable[citation needed ]
[edit] W
bull
whilst and while mdash Penguin Working Words recommends while only and notesthat whilst is old-fashioned Cambridge Guide to English Usage and M-WsWebsters Guide to English Usage comment on its regional character and notethat it is rare in American usage It is thus safer to use only while in internationalEnglish (See the article While for further sources deprecating the use of whilst and cautioning about uses of while)
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bull who mdash Some prescriptivists argue that who should be used only as a subject pronoun the corresponding object pronoun being whom Strictly speakingusing who instead of whom is substituting a subjective pronoun for an objective pronoun and hence is the same as using she instead of her (eg I talked to she
today) Most people never use whom in spoken English and instead use who for
all cases Those who use whom in everyday speech may recognize substitution of who as substandard FOWLER has an extensive entry on who and whom
including several quotes from major publications where whom is used incorrectlyo Undisputed usage You are talking to whom
o Disputed usage You are talking to who
o Undisputed usage To whom are you talking
o Disputed usage To who are you talking
o Disputed usage far more hostile to Diana whom she believes betrayed
the Prince of WalesmdashIndependent Mag 1993 (FOWLER)o Undisputed usage far more hostile to Diana who she believes betrayed
the Prince of Wales
o Disputed usage Whom do men say that I am (Mark 927 King JamesVersion)
bull whoever mdash This extension of who (see above) along with its object formwhomever is attended by the same uncertainties as who along with whom and isdiscussed in the same sources (See the relevant section at Who)
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever wants it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever you think should have it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whomever you choose to give it
o Disputed usage Give it to whoever you choose to give it to
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever wants it
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever you think should have it
Module - Pair work - Asking questions to yourpartner
Hey
with Group 2 we first talked a little about food at the beginning of the class as awarm up And here is what we said
to be written by Franc
Then today was the first day that we worked in pairs You had to find informationabout superhero characters asking questions to your partner
Here are the two worksheets if you still need to complete them
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW you need to be able to speak about the picture of a super hero + speak about
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their story + give the common points between all the super heroes presented Yourpresentation will last about 3 to 5 minutes You can send me some drafts (brouillon)if neededBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - Tale LV2
Southern Trees - beginning of the study
Hey
today we first warmed up about your future jobs while waiting for those who werelate Here is what you said
I would like to become an architect when I leave highschool (Selma)I want to study law to be a lawyer maybe ( Jeacuterocircme)
Structures WANT TO WOULD LIKE TO -- Attention aux noms de meacutetiers quisont preacuteceacutedeacutes de larticle aan
Then we did a quick recap about what Jim Crow laws used to be Here is what wesaid
bull Jim Crow Laws
These were laws about racial segregation until the end of the 1960sBlacks were not allowed to go to school with Whites
Blacks were not allowed to attend school with WhitesBlacks were forbidden to live together there were separate water
fountains rest rooms or entrances at restaurantsThey were prohibited to sit at the front of a bus
bull KKK(1865-)
white Protestantssupremacy of the white race
white costumesterrorism and violence to oppress Blacks
Finally we listened to the text and we started our general comprehesion by
highlighting the important information about the type of document the places thetime Here is what we wrote
bull Text Southern Trees
- type of doc extract from the autobiographic novel of Billie Holliday- who Billie Holliday Lewis Allen piano player of Billie Pop audience bitch
- where in New-York at Cafe Society on 52nd Street Miami Los Angeles
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- when published in 1956
HW you need to finish answering the usual wh- questions about the text (inparticular about the feelings of the characters involved) You also need to divide thetext into 2 parts give them a title and justify your titles
NB you will have a vocabulary test next week with the words from the lesson andthe words from the tool box p 53 You may also have a test about the text andabout racial discrimination in the US on Wednesday It will depend on how far we areinto the study of the document Southern TreesBy English Prof
Enter comment - View comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Spiderman - Page 3
This morning with the whole class we first warmed up with why I was a little late inclass Here is what we wrote
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
Then we studied the last page from Spiderman
There was a secretary for each person that spoke about a panel Here are the notesthat we took while they were speaking
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
HW you will be able to speak about the document at the beginning of the class in arow (dun seul trait )You can download the last page here
By English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Oral tests about picture presentation + Lastsuperhero activity in pair work
Hey
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today in module I asked you to speak about the picture p 152 that you had tocomment You need to improve your analysis Ill be asking other students next timeagain
Here is an example of presentation Its not perfect but its a rather good one
The document is a picture where there are two parts In the first part wecan see a white family at the bottom who is sitting in a garden They looksurprised and they are looking at the second family who feels happy and
impressed Contrary to the white family they are standing and clad with
their traditional dress Its a black family
To me the scene takes place in the USA and the goal of this picture is todenounce discrimination which treats people differently in society
The photographer aims at criticizing segregation In this photo theseparation is represented by the fence which is separating Africans from
Americans Segregation in the 20th century in America was when the Blacksand the Whites couldnt blend
To my mind this picture is a good representation of discrimination MartinLuther King and Rosa Park are the symbols of this conflict When I see somepeople wanted to change society and make people aware of these
inequalities through paintings photos speeches or parades Im grateful tothem
The picture attains its objective I like this photo because it denounces very
well the implicit problems of American society in the 20th century(by Rochella D)
Group 2 then we started a new activity about grammar on how to differentiatebetween Present Simple and Present Be + ing
You may download the documents hereyet to be uploaded
Group 1 Then we started a new activity that was initially designed by MissFernandes a colleague in the academy of Caen We first described the pictures of the superheroes
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW You need to finish the description of each picture and prepare the questions toask to your partner about the missing elements in your worksheetBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareMonday 16 november 2009
- Posted in For Fun
The Prisoner - New Series - Trailer
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A new American series that you will probably LOVE Here is the trailer Looks andsounds fantastic
Exprimer le conseil en anglais
Today after taking a test on Body beauty and body parts (phonetics included) wespoke about superstitions on Friday the 13th And we discovered that Jonathansgrand-ma was extremely supersticious and that some of you believed in supernaturalthings too like Juliette who thinks her mother can read her mind or Camille RL whois sure what she says sometimes comes true Beware of the other Camille T whohas got a black cat She is certainly a witch and she may transform us all intopiglets Just kidding of course )
Here is what we said about superstitions
Today is a special day
On Friday the 13th people who are superstitious believe something terribly
bad or something awesome will happen to them
Examples of supertisions- you shouldnt be 13 around a table
- you shouldnt walk under a ladder- you shouldnt meet a black cat
- you shouldnt break a mirror- you shouldnt celebrate a birthday before
- you should wear a rabbit leg- you shouldnt walk on a line in the street
- you shouldnt cross your legs- you should touch wood when you say something bad
- you shouldnt put hats or shoes on a bed- you shouldnt open your umbrella inside
- you shouldnt put the bread upside down
Remember to express advice there are 3 very simple structures
bull should shouldnt + V
bull had better had better not + V bull ought to ought not to + V
Chocircmage unemployment
Embaucher to hire
bull by + V+ ing au moyen de en + V+ ingbull to + V pour + V (le but)
leisure loisirshigh ndash loweacuteleveacute ndash bas
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ecirctre oblige de to have to + Vto lead to entraicircnerhuge immense= The work-week la semaine de travailIn France the 35 hours-work week was decided and implemented in the 1990rsquos by asocialist government ( Mrs Aubry)
Exercice de traduction 1) Les employeacutes doivent faire des heures suppleacutementairesEmployees must do long hoursEmployees have to do long hours2) Il y a de nombreuses faccedilons de trouver du travailThere are a lot of ways to find work3) Lrsquoimmense augmentation des reacuteseaux sociaux permettent aux gens decommuniquer drsquoavantageThe huge increase of social networks enables people to communicate more4) Le travail suppleacutementaire entraicircne des problegravemes de santeacute pour les hommessurmeneacutes
bull Homebull Mail
bull Photos
bull Music
bull Games + Apps
bull More
o SMS Groups
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Ask your Question in Exams Education amp References
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Home raquo Education raquo Exams Education ampReferences raquo Question
thornyuml
thornyuml
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I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i mDoing for Improve my english give me your best idea
Asked in Exams Education amp References at 1200 PM on October 09 2008
Tags english idea
This question is closedReport abuse
ntn jainProfile | QampA
Rate this 00
bull Latest Answers(4)
Sort by Latest | Oldest | Top-rated
English is best improved by practice and also by taking a small course to improve grammar and communication skillsThe key to practice is to read newspapers magazines and books almost regularly You can also start talking andexpressing yourself in English with your peers friends and (if possible) relatives
Writing in English is a good habit that will strengthen your expression skills as well In case you complete this all-round approach I am sure you will do well All the best
Answered by Idle Mind an ibibo Master at 409 PM on October 13 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Idle MindProfile | QampA
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you can
Answered by Rachana an ibibo Citizen at 106 PM on October 11 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
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RachanaProfile | QampA
well ntn
its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming
future n ways ntn some tips from my side that will help yu improve yu ur english are
i Observe the mouth movements of those who speak English well and try to imitate them
When you are watching television observe the mouth movements of the speakers Repeat what they are saying whileimitating the intonation and rhythm of their speech
ii Until you learn the correct intonation and rhythm of English slow your speech down
If you speak too quickly and with the wrong intonation and rhythm native speakers will have a hard timeunderstanding you
Dont worry about your listener getting impatient with your slow speech -- it is more important that everything you say be understood
iii Listen to the music of English
Do not use the music of your native language when you speak English Each language has its own way of singing
iv Use the dictionary
Try and familiarise yourself with the phonetic symbols of your dictionary Look up the correct pronunciation of wordsthat are hard for you to say
v Make a list of frequently used words that you find difficult to pronounce and ask someone who speaks the languagewell to pronounce them for you
Record these words listen to them and practice saying them Listen and read at the same time
vi Buy books on tape
Record yourself reading some sections of the book Compare the sound of your English with that of the person readingthe book on the tape
vii Pronounce the ending of each word
Pay special attention to S and ED endings This will help you strengthen the mouth muscles that you use when youspeak English
viii Read aloud in English for 15-20 minutes every day
Research has shown it takes about three months of daily practice to develop strong mouth muscles for speaking a newlanguage
ix Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation mistakes
Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice and avoid listening to themselves speak However this is a veryimportant exercise because doing it will help you become conscious of the mistakes you are making
x Be patient
You can change the way you speak but it wont happen overnight People often expect instant results and give up toosoon You can change the way you sound if you are willing to put some effort into it
GOOD LUCK
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Answered by Anant-- an ibibo Master at 133 PM on October 09 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Anant--Profile | QampA
BEST WAY ACCORDING TO ME IS READ DAILY ENGLISH NEWSPAPER IF U COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY ONE OXFORD DICTIONARY AND REFER MEANINGS AND IFU COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY MEANINGS CONVERSION OF ENGLISH TO UR MOTHER TONGUE THIS MAY TAKESOME TIME THERE WILL BE SOME IMPROVEMENT IN JUST 1 MONTH BETTER READ HINDU OR TIMES OF INDIAALL THE BEST
Answered by gyaneshwar an ibibo Citizen at 1258 PM on October 09 2008
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gyaneshwar Profile | QampA
Related Search
Meri english bahot hi weak haimain apni english kaise strong kar sakta hoonkis tarah fluentlyenglish bol sakta hoon
dearthe simple way to improve you english is to particehave you ever heard of the saying Parctise makes a man perfect so even when you you commit mistake try to learn from the mistake and rectify themand simple start askingquestion to people in Englishand if you want yo learn english donot fell embrace in the front of anyone and alsotry to read TIMES OF INDIAN
Posted in Self Development by naqeeb ahmar at 758 PM on March 17 2008Tags meri english bahot weak apni kaise strong sakta tarah fluently hoon
how to improve english plese tell me
to compose simple sentences in your mind when you are alone Stick on the idea you want to convey rather than thegrammar Speak to the native English speakers if possible Chatt with those in internet SearchI dont know the level of your english if you have basics the fun way of learning are english comics cartoon network in english or any english
movies comics will help you in speaking good english
Posted in Love amp Romance by Shiva Singh at 1015 PM on September 24 2008Tags improve english plese
How can i improve my Enlish speaking and writing both
their meanings and use them in your convesationListen to english newsFor writing read the books on letters essaysand storiesslowly you will get the idea of using english in your convenienceFinally findDear Ashok It is good you
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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want to improve your English First and foremost thing you need is YOU All you need to do is give quality time notthe quantity Do make a conscious effort and smart work
Posted in Self Development by ashok sharma at 626 AM on October 14 2008Tags improve enlish writing
how to use GPRS in china made mob prince A960
here most of gprs settings for most of mobile service operator India to enter in your phone mannulay Here you havemanual gprs settings for vodafone hutch idea airtel bsnl airtel live airtel mobile you can enter in your phone andconfigure mannuallyManual Idea gprs Settings1 Account Name - ideaGPRS2 Username - leave Blank3 Password -leave Blank4 Homepage - httpwapideafreshcom5
Posted in Computers amp Technology by vivek soni at 145 AM on June 13 2008Tags gprs help china mad mob
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i m Doing for Improve my englishgive me your best idea
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the
pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you canwell ntn its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming future n ways ntn some tips from my sidethat will help yu improve yu ur english are i Observe
Posted in Exams Education amp References by ntn jain at 939 PM on October 13 2008Tags want improve english improve best
what is html
they want Text is what you will use English letters just like you use everyday Markup is what you will do You willwrite in plain English and then mark up what you wrote Language Some may argue that technically html is a code
but you write html in plain everyday English languageHi RockyHTML is the code behind your webpage and is whatyour browser looks for to display a webpage the way the webdesigner
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Rocky at 258 PM on May 07 2008Tags html
how I improve my english speech
and be confidentYOU CAN DOWNLOAD A LOT OF SOFTWARES FROM INTERNET IT REALLY HELPSAND ANOTHER IDEA IS TO WATCH ENGLISH CHANNELS LIKE METRO NATION NDTV GOOD TIMESAND DONT FORGET TO WATCH NDTV DISCUSSIONSget to c more english movie join times classes on english
they improvise a lotEnglish can be improved by reading booksnewspaper by discussionsThese are certain tips toimprove english
Posted in Counselling by sagar gawde at 803 PM on February 14 2008Tags improve english speech
What is the best way to enhance skills in English Which is most best website which can help tolearn English from basic to a very high class
will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin thinking in English Listening to Native Speakers as Much asPossible is the good idea to enhance your English language skills Here are someFirst of all be motivated become a
person who likes to learn English Using as many different sources methods and tools as possible will allow you tolearn faster There are many different ways
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Posted in Self Development by RAVINDRA at 644 PM on October 03 2008Tags best enhance skills website help learn english basic high
Who created the first mouse
to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThe first marketed integrated mouseshipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came from the resemblance of earlymodels which had a cord attached to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThefirst marketed integrated mouse shipped as a part
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Aryan Gusain at 212 PM on July 02 2008Tags created first mouse
Do you have any idea for FRANKLYN INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGE Its a spoken English Institutewhich gives Job Guarantee if anyone knows plz let me know
190A Maniktolla Main Road Kolkata-54 phone no 91-33-32401558 91-33-32428200 frankylnkkghotmailcomhi poonamur question gives an idea dat ur command on english is nt poor why u r lookingYou have heard rightFRANKLYN offers spoken english courses and there is also a lot of students pursuing courses there
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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modern corpora on Language Log revealed that outside fiction where it stillrepresents 40 of all uses (the other qualifying primarily speech and gazes)disjunct uses account for the vast majority (over 90) of all uses of the word[57]
o Disputed usage Hopefully Ill get that scholarship
o Undisputed usage The prisoner thought hopefully about the prospect for
escape when he realized the guards accidentally left his cell unlocked
Contents Top middot 0ndash9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[edit] L
bull less ndash Some prescriptivists argue that less should not be substituted for fewer Merriam-Webster notes The traditional view is that less applies to matters of degree value or amount and modifies collective nouns mass nouns or nounsdenoting an abstract whole while fewer applies to matters of number and modifies plural nouns Less has been used to modify plural nouns since the days of King
Alfred and the usage though roundly decried appears to be increasing Less ismore likely than fewer to modify plural nouns when distances sums of moneyand a few fixed phrases are involved ltless than 100 milesgt ltan investment of less
than $2000gt ltin 25 words or lessgt and as likely as fewer to modify periods of time ltin less (or fewer ) than four hoursgt[58]
o Disputed usage This lane 12 items or less
o Undisputed usage We had fewer players on the team this season
o Undisputed usage There is less water in the tank now
bull like and as ndash Some prescriptivists object to the use of like as a conjunction statingit is rather a preposition and that only as would be appropriate in this
circumstance M-W however cites likes use as a conjunction as standard sincethe 14th century and opines that opposition to it is perhaps more heated thanrational (see M-Ws entry like [7 conjunction]) AHD4 says Writers sinceChaucers time have used like as a conjunction but 19th-century and 20th-centurycritics have been so vehement in their condemnations of this usage that a writer who uses the construction in formal style risks being accused of illiteracy or worse and recommends using as in formal speech and writing[59] OED does nottag it as colloquial or nonstandard but notes Used as conj[unction] = like asas Now generally condemned as vulgar or slovenly though examples may befound in many recent writers of standing[60] Chambers lists the conjunctive useas colloquial[61]
o Undisputed usage He is an American as am Io Undisputed usage He is an American like me
o Undisputed usage It looks as if this play will be a flop
o Undisputed usage This play looks like a flop
o Disputed usage He is an American like I am
o Disputed usage It looks like this play will be a flop
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 2641
bull literally ndash Some prescriptivists argue literally should not be used as a mereemphatic unless the thing to which it refers is actually true It is used todisambiguate a possible metaphorical interpretation of a phrase M-W does notcondemn the second use which means in effect or virtually but says the useis pure hyperbole intended to gain emphasis but it often appears in contexts
where no additional emphasis is necessary[62]
o Disputed usage The party literally went with a bang (No it did not
unless there was an actual loud noise)o Undisputed usage I literally ran more than 25 miles today I ran a
marathon
bull loan ndash The use of loan as a verb meaning to give out a loan is disputed withlend being preferred for the verb form AHD4 flatly states [t]he verb loan is wellestablished in American usage and cannot be considered incorrect[63] M-W statesloan is entirely standard as a verb[64] RH says Sometimes mistakenlyidentified as an Americanism loan as a verb meaning to lend has been used in
English for nearly 800 years it further states that objections to this use arecomparatively recent[65] Chambers defines the verb loan as to lend (especiallymoney)[66] OED merely states Now chiefly US[67] and COD11 includes themeaning without tag or comment
o Undisputed usage I lent him some money
o Undisputed usage Fill out the paperwork for a loan
o Disputed usage I loaned him some money
[edit] M
bull may and might ndash May should only be used where the event in question is still
possible not for something that was possible in the past or for a hypothetical present possibility Might is properly the past tense form of may (In similar fashion could should and would are all past tense forms for can shalland will respectively)
o Undisputed usage My brother may have gone to China last week
( perhaps he did )o Disputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother may have gone
to China last week (but he didnt )o Undisputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother might have
gone to China last weeko Disputed usage He thought it may be true (but it wasnt )
o Undisputed usage He thought it might be true
bull meet ndash Some prescriptivists state that as a transitive verb in the context to cometogether by chance or arrangement meet (as in meet (someone)) does not requirea preposition between verb and object the phrase meet with (someone) is deemedincorrect Chambers flags this usage US[68] RH allows it in the sense of to joinas for conference or instruction I met with her an hour a day until we solved the problem[69] On the other hand none of M-W AHD4 or COD11 entertains this
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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usage NOTE In the sense of fulfilling prerequisites or criteria (We met with theentry requirements) or that of encountering (Our suggestions may meet with
opposition the soldiers met with machine-gun fire) the verb phrase meet with isnot in dispute
o Disputed usage I will meet with you tonight
o
Undisputed usage I will meet you tonight
bull momentarily ndash Traditionally momentarily means for a moment but its use tomean in a moment is sometimes disputed M-W[70] and RH[71] give this latter usage a standard entry without comment while OED[72] and Chambers[73] tag itNAmer AHD4 has a usage note indicating that 59 of their Usage Paneldeems this usage unacceptable[74]
o Disputed usage Your feature presentation will begin momentarily
o Undisputed usage The flash from the atom bomb momentarily lit up the
night sky
[edit] N
bull nauseous ndash Traditionally nauseous means causing nausea (synonymous withnauseating) it is commonly used now as a synonym for queasy that ishaving the feeling of nausea AHD4 notes the traditional view stating that 72 of the Usage Panel preferred nauseated over nauseous to mean affected withnausea however 88 of that same panel preferred nauseating to nauseous tomean causing nausea in other words a maximum of only 28 prefersnauseous in either case It also states that in common usage nauseous issynonymous with nauseated but deems this usage incorrect[75] M-W howeverasserts that [t]hose who insist that nauseous is an error for nauseated are
mistaken[76] Both M-W and AHD4 accept that nauseous is supplantingnauseated for feeling nausea and in turn being replaced by nauseating for causing nausea in general usage they only differ on the correctness of thechange RH states The two literal senses of nauseous [] appear in English atalmost the same time in the early 17th century and both senses are in standard useat the present time Nauseous is more common than nauseated in the senseaffected with nausea despite recent objections by those who imagine the sense to be new[77] CHAMBERS lists the sense of causing nausea first and affected withnausea second[78] while COD11 gives the affliction first and causation second both dictionaries list the entries without comment OED goes further tagging itsnauseated usage as Orig[inally] US but demoted its nauseating usage to
literary OED also notes that the original (now obsolete) sense of the word inEnglish was inclined to sickness or nausea squeamish[79] Curiously this oldestseventeenth-century meaning (inclined to nausea) while distinct from thedisputed twentieth-century usage (afflicted by nausea) more closely resemblesthe latter than it does the prescribed meaning (causing nausea)
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseous
o Disputed usage That smell is making me nauseous
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseating
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 2841
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 2941
future tense (The supervisor will be back presently)[80] M-W mentions the samevintage for the sense of now and that it is not clear why it is objectionable[81]
AHD4 states that despite its use nowadays in literate speech and writing thatthere is still lingering prejudice against this use In the late 1980s only 50 of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved of the sentence General Walters is hellip
presently the United States Ambassador to the United Nations[82]
COD11 lists both usages without comment CHAMBERS merely flags the sense of now asN Amer especially US[83]
o Disputed usage I am presently reading Wikipedia
o Undisputed usage I will be finished with that activity presently
[edit] R
bull refute ndash The traditional meaning of refute is disprove or dispel with reasoned
arguments It is now often used as a synonym for deny The latter sense islisted without comment by M-W[84] and AHD4[85] while CHAMBERS tags it ascolloquial[86] COD11 states that Traditionalists object to [the use of refute asdeny] but it is now widely accepted in standard English However RH does notmention this use at all[87]
bull relatively ndash Literally meaning compared to some now use relatively to meanmoderately or somewhat AHD4 does not list this usage at all [88] M-W hasapparently blended the two usages in one[89]
o Disputed usage That man was relatively annoying
o Undisputed usage Though relatively harmless when compared to
dimethylmercury mercury (II) oxide is still quite toxic
[edit] S
bull Scotch Scots and Scottish ndash Formerly English people used Scotch whereScottish people used Scottish The current convention is as follows
o Scottish for people
o Scotch for things (especially whisky)
o Scots for institutions (Scots law Scots language)
bull
seek ndash This means look for but is used to mean try or want This usage iscriticised by Fowler in the entry Formal Words
o Disputed usage we did seek to resolve the Iraq crisis by peaceful
means those who seek to emulate his legacy of murder the Liberalsseek to undermine that future[attribution needed ]
o Undisputed usage Seek and ye shall find
[edit] T
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3041
bull than mdash Than is the subject of a longstanding dispute as to its status as a preposition or conjunction see than For the disputed construction different thansee Different
bull they mdash Prescriptivists regard this as a plural pronoun that uses a third person
plural verb conjugation (see below they show) but the word is now commonlyused especially in speech and informal writing as a non-gender-specific third- person singular pronoun (which modern English otherwise lacks) Alternativesinclude he or she and generic he Some writers argue that generic he isgeneric (as the name implies) and thus includes both sexes Others find it sexist or too old-fashioned The pronouns you or one can be used in some sentences
o Disputed usage A person is rude if they show no respect for their hosts
o Undisputed usage One is rude if one shows no respect for ones hosts
o Undisputed usage It is rude not to show respect for hosts
o Undisputed usage Many people have told me that they are satisfied with
their food
bull thusly mdash Thusly (AHD4 suggests) was originally coined by educated writers tomake fun of uneducated persons trying to sound genteel[90] Thusly howeverdiffused into popular usage Some people accept it as an adverb in its own rightwhile others believe thus should be used in all cases The word thusly appearswith no associated usage notes in M-W[91] COD11 tags it as informal with theentry thus tagged as literary or formal CHAMBERS does not list the word atall and it is unknown in British usage[92]
[edit] U
bull unique ndash Some prescriptivists argue that unique only means sole or unequaled (British spelling unequalled) but most dictionaries give a thirdmeaning unusual which can be qualified by very or somewhat as in Thetheme of the party was somewhat unique see comparison Almost unique isuniversally acceptable[citation needed ]
[edit] W
bull
whilst and while mdash Penguin Working Words recommends while only and notesthat whilst is old-fashioned Cambridge Guide to English Usage and M-WsWebsters Guide to English Usage comment on its regional character and notethat it is rare in American usage It is thus safer to use only while in internationalEnglish (See the article While for further sources deprecating the use of whilst and cautioning about uses of while)
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull who mdash Some prescriptivists argue that who should be used only as a subject pronoun the corresponding object pronoun being whom Strictly speakingusing who instead of whom is substituting a subjective pronoun for an objective pronoun and hence is the same as using she instead of her (eg I talked to she
today) Most people never use whom in spoken English and instead use who for
all cases Those who use whom in everyday speech may recognize substitution of who as substandard FOWLER has an extensive entry on who and whom
including several quotes from major publications where whom is used incorrectlyo Undisputed usage You are talking to whom
o Disputed usage You are talking to who
o Undisputed usage To whom are you talking
o Disputed usage To who are you talking
o Disputed usage far more hostile to Diana whom she believes betrayed
the Prince of WalesmdashIndependent Mag 1993 (FOWLER)o Undisputed usage far more hostile to Diana who she believes betrayed
the Prince of Wales
o Disputed usage Whom do men say that I am (Mark 927 King JamesVersion)
bull whoever mdash This extension of who (see above) along with its object formwhomever is attended by the same uncertainties as who along with whom and isdiscussed in the same sources (See the relevant section at Who)
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever wants it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever you think should have it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whomever you choose to give it
o Disputed usage Give it to whoever you choose to give it to
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever wants it
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever you think should have it
Module - Pair work - Asking questions to yourpartner
Hey
with Group 2 we first talked a little about food at the beginning of the class as awarm up And here is what we said
to be written by Franc
Then today was the first day that we worked in pairs You had to find informationabout superhero characters asking questions to your partner
Here are the two worksheets if you still need to complete them
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW you need to be able to speak about the picture of a super hero + speak about
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their story + give the common points between all the super heroes presented Yourpresentation will last about 3 to 5 minutes You can send me some drafts (brouillon)if neededBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - Tale LV2
Southern Trees - beginning of the study
Hey
today we first warmed up about your future jobs while waiting for those who werelate Here is what you said
I would like to become an architect when I leave highschool (Selma)I want to study law to be a lawyer maybe ( Jeacuterocircme)
Structures WANT TO WOULD LIKE TO -- Attention aux noms de meacutetiers quisont preacuteceacutedeacutes de larticle aan
Then we did a quick recap about what Jim Crow laws used to be Here is what wesaid
bull Jim Crow Laws
These were laws about racial segregation until the end of the 1960sBlacks were not allowed to go to school with Whites
Blacks were not allowed to attend school with WhitesBlacks were forbidden to live together there were separate water
fountains rest rooms or entrances at restaurantsThey were prohibited to sit at the front of a bus
bull KKK(1865-)
white Protestantssupremacy of the white race
white costumesterrorism and violence to oppress Blacks
Finally we listened to the text and we started our general comprehesion by
highlighting the important information about the type of document the places thetime Here is what we wrote
bull Text Southern Trees
- type of doc extract from the autobiographic novel of Billie Holliday- who Billie Holliday Lewis Allen piano player of Billie Pop audience bitch
- where in New-York at Cafe Society on 52nd Street Miami Los Angeles
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- when published in 1956
HW you need to finish answering the usual wh- questions about the text (inparticular about the feelings of the characters involved) You also need to divide thetext into 2 parts give them a title and justify your titles
NB you will have a vocabulary test next week with the words from the lesson andthe words from the tool box p 53 You may also have a test about the text andabout racial discrimination in the US on Wednesday It will depend on how far we areinto the study of the document Southern TreesBy English Prof
Enter comment - View comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Spiderman - Page 3
This morning with the whole class we first warmed up with why I was a little late inclass Here is what we wrote
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
Then we studied the last page from Spiderman
There was a secretary for each person that spoke about a panel Here are the notesthat we took while they were speaking
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
HW you will be able to speak about the document at the beginning of the class in arow (dun seul trait )You can download the last page here
By English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Oral tests about picture presentation + Lastsuperhero activity in pair work
Hey
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today in module I asked you to speak about the picture p 152 that you had tocomment You need to improve your analysis Ill be asking other students next timeagain
Here is an example of presentation Its not perfect but its a rather good one
The document is a picture where there are two parts In the first part wecan see a white family at the bottom who is sitting in a garden They looksurprised and they are looking at the second family who feels happy and
impressed Contrary to the white family they are standing and clad with
their traditional dress Its a black family
To me the scene takes place in the USA and the goal of this picture is todenounce discrimination which treats people differently in society
The photographer aims at criticizing segregation In this photo theseparation is represented by the fence which is separating Africans from
Americans Segregation in the 20th century in America was when the Blacksand the Whites couldnt blend
To my mind this picture is a good representation of discrimination MartinLuther King and Rosa Park are the symbols of this conflict When I see somepeople wanted to change society and make people aware of these
inequalities through paintings photos speeches or parades Im grateful tothem
The picture attains its objective I like this photo because it denounces very
well the implicit problems of American society in the 20th century(by Rochella D)
Group 2 then we started a new activity about grammar on how to differentiatebetween Present Simple and Present Be + ing
You may download the documents hereyet to be uploaded
Group 1 Then we started a new activity that was initially designed by MissFernandes a colleague in the academy of Caen We first described the pictures of the superheroes
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW You need to finish the description of each picture and prepare the questions toask to your partner about the missing elements in your worksheetBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareMonday 16 november 2009
- Posted in For Fun
The Prisoner - New Series - Trailer
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A new American series that you will probably LOVE Here is the trailer Looks andsounds fantastic
Exprimer le conseil en anglais
Today after taking a test on Body beauty and body parts (phonetics included) wespoke about superstitions on Friday the 13th And we discovered that Jonathansgrand-ma was extremely supersticious and that some of you believed in supernaturalthings too like Juliette who thinks her mother can read her mind or Camille RL whois sure what she says sometimes comes true Beware of the other Camille T whohas got a black cat She is certainly a witch and she may transform us all intopiglets Just kidding of course )
Here is what we said about superstitions
Today is a special day
On Friday the 13th people who are superstitious believe something terribly
bad or something awesome will happen to them
Examples of supertisions- you shouldnt be 13 around a table
- you shouldnt walk under a ladder- you shouldnt meet a black cat
- you shouldnt break a mirror- you shouldnt celebrate a birthday before
- you should wear a rabbit leg- you shouldnt walk on a line in the street
- you shouldnt cross your legs- you should touch wood when you say something bad
- you shouldnt put hats or shoes on a bed- you shouldnt open your umbrella inside
- you shouldnt put the bread upside down
Remember to express advice there are 3 very simple structures
bull should shouldnt + V
bull had better had better not + V bull ought to ought not to + V
Chocircmage unemployment
Embaucher to hire
bull by + V+ ing au moyen de en + V+ ingbull to + V pour + V (le but)
leisure loisirshigh ndash loweacuteleveacute ndash bas
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3641
ecirctre oblige de to have to + Vto lead to entraicircnerhuge immense= The work-week la semaine de travailIn France the 35 hours-work week was decided and implemented in the 1990rsquos by asocialist government ( Mrs Aubry)
Exercice de traduction 1) Les employeacutes doivent faire des heures suppleacutementairesEmployees must do long hoursEmployees have to do long hours2) Il y a de nombreuses faccedilons de trouver du travailThere are a lot of ways to find work3) Lrsquoimmense augmentation des reacuteseaux sociaux permettent aux gens decommuniquer drsquoavantageThe huge increase of social networks enables people to communicate more4) Le travail suppleacutementaire entraicircne des problegravemes de santeacute pour les hommessurmeneacutes
bull Homebull Mail
bull Photos
bull Music
bull Games + Apps
bull More
o SMS Groups
o Sawaal
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o Free SMS
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Sign Up Sign In
Ask your Question in Exams Education amp References
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Home raquo Education raquo Exams Education ampReferences raquo Question
thornyuml
thornyuml
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I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i mDoing for Improve my english give me your best idea
Asked in Exams Education amp References at 1200 PM on October 09 2008
Tags english idea
This question is closedReport abuse
ntn jainProfile | QampA
Rate this 00
bull Latest Answers(4)
Sort by Latest | Oldest | Top-rated
English is best improved by practice and also by taking a small course to improve grammar and communication skillsThe key to practice is to read newspapers magazines and books almost regularly You can also start talking andexpressing yourself in English with your peers friends and (if possible) relatives
Writing in English is a good habit that will strengthen your expression skills as well In case you complete this all-round approach I am sure you will do well All the best
Answered by Idle Mind an ibibo Master at 409 PM on October 13 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Idle MindProfile | QampA
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you can
Answered by Rachana an ibibo Citizen at 106 PM on October 11 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
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RachanaProfile | QampA
well ntn
its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming
future n ways ntn some tips from my side that will help yu improve yu ur english are
i Observe the mouth movements of those who speak English well and try to imitate them
When you are watching television observe the mouth movements of the speakers Repeat what they are saying whileimitating the intonation and rhythm of their speech
ii Until you learn the correct intonation and rhythm of English slow your speech down
If you speak too quickly and with the wrong intonation and rhythm native speakers will have a hard timeunderstanding you
Dont worry about your listener getting impatient with your slow speech -- it is more important that everything you say be understood
iii Listen to the music of English
Do not use the music of your native language when you speak English Each language has its own way of singing
iv Use the dictionary
Try and familiarise yourself with the phonetic symbols of your dictionary Look up the correct pronunciation of wordsthat are hard for you to say
v Make a list of frequently used words that you find difficult to pronounce and ask someone who speaks the languagewell to pronounce them for you
Record these words listen to them and practice saying them Listen and read at the same time
vi Buy books on tape
Record yourself reading some sections of the book Compare the sound of your English with that of the person readingthe book on the tape
vii Pronounce the ending of each word
Pay special attention to S and ED endings This will help you strengthen the mouth muscles that you use when youspeak English
viii Read aloud in English for 15-20 minutes every day
Research has shown it takes about three months of daily practice to develop strong mouth muscles for speaking a newlanguage
ix Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation mistakes
Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice and avoid listening to themselves speak However this is a veryimportant exercise because doing it will help you become conscious of the mistakes you are making
x Be patient
You can change the way you speak but it wont happen overnight People often expect instant results and give up toosoon You can change the way you sound if you are willing to put some effort into it
GOOD LUCK
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Answered by Anant-- an ibibo Master at 133 PM on October 09 2008
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Anant--Profile | QampA
BEST WAY ACCORDING TO ME IS READ DAILY ENGLISH NEWSPAPER IF U COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY ONE OXFORD DICTIONARY AND REFER MEANINGS AND IFU COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY MEANINGS CONVERSION OF ENGLISH TO UR MOTHER TONGUE THIS MAY TAKESOME TIME THERE WILL BE SOME IMPROVEMENT IN JUST 1 MONTH BETTER READ HINDU OR TIMES OF INDIAALL THE BEST
Answered by gyaneshwar an ibibo Citizen at 1258 PM on October 09 2008
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gyaneshwar Profile | QampA
Related Search
Meri english bahot hi weak haimain apni english kaise strong kar sakta hoonkis tarah fluentlyenglish bol sakta hoon
dearthe simple way to improve you english is to particehave you ever heard of the saying Parctise makes a man perfect so even when you you commit mistake try to learn from the mistake and rectify themand simple start askingquestion to people in Englishand if you want yo learn english donot fell embrace in the front of anyone and alsotry to read TIMES OF INDIAN
Posted in Self Development by naqeeb ahmar at 758 PM on March 17 2008Tags meri english bahot weak apni kaise strong sakta tarah fluently hoon
how to improve english plese tell me
to compose simple sentences in your mind when you are alone Stick on the idea you want to convey rather than thegrammar Speak to the native English speakers if possible Chatt with those in internet SearchI dont know the level of your english if you have basics the fun way of learning are english comics cartoon network in english or any english
movies comics will help you in speaking good english
Posted in Love amp Romance by Shiva Singh at 1015 PM on September 24 2008Tags improve english plese
How can i improve my Enlish speaking and writing both
their meanings and use them in your convesationListen to english newsFor writing read the books on letters essaysand storiesslowly you will get the idea of using english in your convenienceFinally findDear Ashok It is good you
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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want to improve your English First and foremost thing you need is YOU All you need to do is give quality time notthe quantity Do make a conscious effort and smart work
Posted in Self Development by ashok sharma at 626 AM on October 14 2008Tags improve enlish writing
how to use GPRS in china made mob prince A960
here most of gprs settings for most of mobile service operator India to enter in your phone mannulay Here you havemanual gprs settings for vodafone hutch idea airtel bsnl airtel live airtel mobile you can enter in your phone andconfigure mannuallyManual Idea gprs Settings1 Account Name - ideaGPRS2 Username - leave Blank3 Password -leave Blank4 Homepage - httpwapideafreshcom5
Posted in Computers amp Technology by vivek soni at 145 AM on June 13 2008Tags gprs help china mad mob
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i m Doing for Improve my englishgive me your best idea
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the
pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you canwell ntn its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming future n ways ntn some tips from my sidethat will help yu improve yu ur english are i Observe
Posted in Exams Education amp References by ntn jain at 939 PM on October 13 2008Tags want improve english improve best
what is html
they want Text is what you will use English letters just like you use everyday Markup is what you will do You willwrite in plain English and then mark up what you wrote Language Some may argue that technically html is a code
but you write html in plain everyday English languageHi RockyHTML is the code behind your webpage and is whatyour browser looks for to display a webpage the way the webdesigner
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Rocky at 258 PM on May 07 2008Tags html
how I improve my english speech
and be confidentYOU CAN DOWNLOAD A LOT OF SOFTWARES FROM INTERNET IT REALLY HELPSAND ANOTHER IDEA IS TO WATCH ENGLISH CHANNELS LIKE METRO NATION NDTV GOOD TIMESAND DONT FORGET TO WATCH NDTV DISCUSSIONSget to c more english movie join times classes on english
they improvise a lotEnglish can be improved by reading booksnewspaper by discussionsThese are certain tips toimprove english
Posted in Counselling by sagar gawde at 803 PM on February 14 2008Tags improve english speech
What is the best way to enhance skills in English Which is most best website which can help tolearn English from basic to a very high class
will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin thinking in English Listening to Native Speakers as Much asPossible is the good idea to enhance your English language skills Here are someFirst of all be motivated become a
person who likes to learn English Using as many different sources methods and tools as possible will allow you tolearn faster There are many different ways
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Posted in Self Development by RAVINDRA at 644 PM on October 03 2008Tags best enhance skills website help learn english basic high
Who created the first mouse
to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThe first marketed integrated mouseshipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came from the resemblance of earlymodels which had a cord attached to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThefirst marketed integrated mouse shipped as a part
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Aryan Gusain at 212 PM on July 02 2008Tags created first mouse
Do you have any idea for FRANKLYN INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGE Its a spoken English Institutewhich gives Job Guarantee if anyone knows plz let me know
190A Maniktolla Main Road Kolkata-54 phone no 91-33-32401558 91-33-32428200 frankylnkkghotmailcomhi poonamur question gives an idea dat ur command on english is nt poor why u r lookingYou have heard rightFRANKLYN offers spoken english courses and there is also a lot of students pursuing courses there
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull literally ndash Some prescriptivists argue literally should not be used as a mereemphatic unless the thing to which it refers is actually true It is used todisambiguate a possible metaphorical interpretation of a phrase M-W does notcondemn the second use which means in effect or virtually but says the useis pure hyperbole intended to gain emphasis but it often appears in contexts
where no additional emphasis is necessary[62]
o Disputed usage The party literally went with a bang (No it did not
unless there was an actual loud noise)o Undisputed usage I literally ran more than 25 miles today I ran a
marathon
bull loan ndash The use of loan as a verb meaning to give out a loan is disputed withlend being preferred for the verb form AHD4 flatly states [t]he verb loan is wellestablished in American usage and cannot be considered incorrect[63] M-W statesloan is entirely standard as a verb[64] RH says Sometimes mistakenlyidentified as an Americanism loan as a verb meaning to lend has been used in
English for nearly 800 years it further states that objections to this use arecomparatively recent[65] Chambers defines the verb loan as to lend (especiallymoney)[66] OED merely states Now chiefly US[67] and COD11 includes themeaning without tag or comment
o Undisputed usage I lent him some money
o Undisputed usage Fill out the paperwork for a loan
o Disputed usage I loaned him some money
[edit] M
bull may and might ndash May should only be used where the event in question is still
possible not for something that was possible in the past or for a hypothetical present possibility Might is properly the past tense form of may (In similar fashion could should and would are all past tense forms for can shalland will respectively)
o Undisputed usage My brother may have gone to China last week
( perhaps he did )o Disputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother may have gone
to China last week (but he didnt )o Undisputed usage If he had not been prevented my brother might have
gone to China last weeko Disputed usage He thought it may be true (but it wasnt )
o Undisputed usage He thought it might be true
bull meet ndash Some prescriptivists state that as a transitive verb in the context to cometogether by chance or arrangement meet (as in meet (someone)) does not requirea preposition between verb and object the phrase meet with (someone) is deemedincorrect Chambers flags this usage US[68] RH allows it in the sense of to joinas for conference or instruction I met with her an hour a day until we solved the problem[69] On the other hand none of M-W AHD4 or COD11 entertains this
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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usage NOTE In the sense of fulfilling prerequisites or criteria (We met with theentry requirements) or that of encountering (Our suggestions may meet with
opposition the soldiers met with machine-gun fire) the verb phrase meet with isnot in dispute
o Disputed usage I will meet with you tonight
o
Undisputed usage I will meet you tonight
bull momentarily ndash Traditionally momentarily means for a moment but its use tomean in a moment is sometimes disputed M-W[70] and RH[71] give this latter usage a standard entry without comment while OED[72] and Chambers[73] tag itNAmer AHD4 has a usage note indicating that 59 of their Usage Paneldeems this usage unacceptable[74]
o Disputed usage Your feature presentation will begin momentarily
o Undisputed usage The flash from the atom bomb momentarily lit up the
night sky
[edit] N
bull nauseous ndash Traditionally nauseous means causing nausea (synonymous withnauseating) it is commonly used now as a synonym for queasy that ishaving the feeling of nausea AHD4 notes the traditional view stating that 72 of the Usage Panel preferred nauseated over nauseous to mean affected withnausea however 88 of that same panel preferred nauseating to nauseous tomean causing nausea in other words a maximum of only 28 prefersnauseous in either case It also states that in common usage nauseous issynonymous with nauseated but deems this usage incorrect[75] M-W howeverasserts that [t]hose who insist that nauseous is an error for nauseated are
mistaken[76] Both M-W and AHD4 accept that nauseous is supplantingnauseated for feeling nausea and in turn being replaced by nauseating for causing nausea in general usage they only differ on the correctness of thechange RH states The two literal senses of nauseous [] appear in English atalmost the same time in the early 17th century and both senses are in standard useat the present time Nauseous is more common than nauseated in the senseaffected with nausea despite recent objections by those who imagine the sense to be new[77] CHAMBERS lists the sense of causing nausea first and affected withnausea second[78] while COD11 gives the affliction first and causation second both dictionaries list the entries without comment OED goes further tagging itsnauseated usage as Orig[inally] US but demoted its nauseating usage to
literary OED also notes that the original (now obsolete) sense of the word inEnglish was inclined to sickness or nausea squeamish[79] Curiously this oldestseventeenth-century meaning (inclined to nausea) while distinct from thedisputed twentieth-century usage (afflicted by nausea) more closely resemblesthe latter than it does the prescribed meaning (causing nausea)
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseous
o Disputed usage That smell is making me nauseous
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseating
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 2941
future tense (The supervisor will be back presently)[80] M-W mentions the samevintage for the sense of now and that it is not clear why it is objectionable[81]
AHD4 states that despite its use nowadays in literate speech and writing thatthere is still lingering prejudice against this use In the late 1980s only 50 of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved of the sentence General Walters is hellip
presently the United States Ambassador to the United Nations[82]
COD11 lists both usages without comment CHAMBERS merely flags the sense of now asN Amer especially US[83]
o Disputed usage I am presently reading Wikipedia
o Undisputed usage I will be finished with that activity presently
[edit] R
bull refute ndash The traditional meaning of refute is disprove or dispel with reasoned
arguments It is now often used as a synonym for deny The latter sense islisted without comment by M-W[84] and AHD4[85] while CHAMBERS tags it ascolloquial[86] COD11 states that Traditionalists object to [the use of refute asdeny] but it is now widely accepted in standard English However RH does notmention this use at all[87]
bull relatively ndash Literally meaning compared to some now use relatively to meanmoderately or somewhat AHD4 does not list this usage at all [88] M-W hasapparently blended the two usages in one[89]
o Disputed usage That man was relatively annoying
o Undisputed usage Though relatively harmless when compared to
dimethylmercury mercury (II) oxide is still quite toxic
[edit] S
bull Scotch Scots and Scottish ndash Formerly English people used Scotch whereScottish people used Scottish The current convention is as follows
o Scottish for people
o Scotch for things (especially whisky)
o Scots for institutions (Scots law Scots language)
bull
seek ndash This means look for but is used to mean try or want This usage iscriticised by Fowler in the entry Formal Words
o Disputed usage we did seek to resolve the Iraq crisis by peaceful
means those who seek to emulate his legacy of murder the Liberalsseek to undermine that future[attribution needed ]
o Undisputed usage Seek and ye shall find
[edit] T
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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bull than mdash Than is the subject of a longstanding dispute as to its status as a preposition or conjunction see than For the disputed construction different thansee Different
bull they mdash Prescriptivists regard this as a plural pronoun that uses a third person
plural verb conjugation (see below they show) but the word is now commonlyused especially in speech and informal writing as a non-gender-specific third- person singular pronoun (which modern English otherwise lacks) Alternativesinclude he or she and generic he Some writers argue that generic he isgeneric (as the name implies) and thus includes both sexes Others find it sexist or too old-fashioned The pronouns you or one can be used in some sentences
o Disputed usage A person is rude if they show no respect for their hosts
o Undisputed usage One is rude if one shows no respect for ones hosts
o Undisputed usage It is rude not to show respect for hosts
o Undisputed usage Many people have told me that they are satisfied with
their food
bull thusly mdash Thusly (AHD4 suggests) was originally coined by educated writers tomake fun of uneducated persons trying to sound genteel[90] Thusly howeverdiffused into popular usage Some people accept it as an adverb in its own rightwhile others believe thus should be used in all cases The word thusly appearswith no associated usage notes in M-W[91] COD11 tags it as informal with theentry thus tagged as literary or formal CHAMBERS does not list the word atall and it is unknown in British usage[92]
[edit] U
bull unique ndash Some prescriptivists argue that unique only means sole or unequaled (British spelling unequalled) but most dictionaries give a thirdmeaning unusual which can be qualified by very or somewhat as in Thetheme of the party was somewhat unique see comparison Almost unique isuniversally acceptable[citation needed ]
[edit] W
bull
whilst and while mdash Penguin Working Words recommends while only and notesthat whilst is old-fashioned Cambridge Guide to English Usage and M-WsWebsters Guide to English Usage comment on its regional character and notethat it is rare in American usage It is thus safer to use only while in internationalEnglish (See the article While for further sources deprecating the use of whilst and cautioning about uses of while)
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3141
bull who mdash Some prescriptivists argue that who should be used only as a subject pronoun the corresponding object pronoun being whom Strictly speakingusing who instead of whom is substituting a subjective pronoun for an objective pronoun and hence is the same as using she instead of her (eg I talked to she
today) Most people never use whom in spoken English and instead use who for
all cases Those who use whom in everyday speech may recognize substitution of who as substandard FOWLER has an extensive entry on who and whom
including several quotes from major publications where whom is used incorrectlyo Undisputed usage You are talking to whom
o Disputed usage You are talking to who
o Undisputed usage To whom are you talking
o Disputed usage To who are you talking
o Disputed usage far more hostile to Diana whom she believes betrayed
the Prince of WalesmdashIndependent Mag 1993 (FOWLER)o Undisputed usage far more hostile to Diana who she believes betrayed
the Prince of Wales
o Disputed usage Whom do men say that I am (Mark 927 King JamesVersion)
bull whoever mdash This extension of who (see above) along with its object formwhomever is attended by the same uncertainties as who along with whom and isdiscussed in the same sources (See the relevant section at Who)
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever wants it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever you think should have it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whomever you choose to give it
o Disputed usage Give it to whoever you choose to give it to
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever wants it
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever you think should have it
Module - Pair work - Asking questions to yourpartner
Hey
with Group 2 we first talked a little about food at the beginning of the class as awarm up And here is what we said
to be written by Franc
Then today was the first day that we worked in pairs You had to find informationabout superhero characters asking questions to your partner
Here are the two worksheets if you still need to complete them
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW you need to be able to speak about the picture of a super hero + speak about
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3241
their story + give the common points between all the super heroes presented Yourpresentation will last about 3 to 5 minutes You can send me some drafts (brouillon)if neededBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - Tale LV2
Southern Trees - beginning of the study
Hey
today we first warmed up about your future jobs while waiting for those who werelate Here is what you said
I would like to become an architect when I leave highschool (Selma)I want to study law to be a lawyer maybe ( Jeacuterocircme)
Structures WANT TO WOULD LIKE TO -- Attention aux noms de meacutetiers quisont preacuteceacutedeacutes de larticle aan
Then we did a quick recap about what Jim Crow laws used to be Here is what wesaid
bull Jim Crow Laws
These were laws about racial segregation until the end of the 1960sBlacks were not allowed to go to school with Whites
Blacks were not allowed to attend school with WhitesBlacks were forbidden to live together there were separate water
fountains rest rooms or entrances at restaurantsThey were prohibited to sit at the front of a bus
bull KKK(1865-)
white Protestantssupremacy of the white race
white costumesterrorism and violence to oppress Blacks
Finally we listened to the text and we started our general comprehesion by
highlighting the important information about the type of document the places thetime Here is what we wrote
bull Text Southern Trees
- type of doc extract from the autobiographic novel of Billie Holliday- who Billie Holliday Lewis Allen piano player of Billie Pop audience bitch
- where in New-York at Cafe Society on 52nd Street Miami Los Angeles
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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- when published in 1956
HW you need to finish answering the usual wh- questions about the text (inparticular about the feelings of the characters involved) You also need to divide thetext into 2 parts give them a title and justify your titles
NB you will have a vocabulary test next week with the words from the lesson andthe words from the tool box p 53 You may also have a test about the text andabout racial discrimination in the US on Wednesday It will depend on how far we areinto the study of the document Southern TreesBy English Prof
Enter comment - View comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Spiderman - Page 3
This morning with the whole class we first warmed up with why I was a little late inclass Here is what we wrote
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
Then we studied the last page from Spiderman
There was a secretary for each person that spoke about a panel Here are the notesthat we took while they were speaking
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
HW you will be able to speak about the document at the beginning of the class in arow (dun seul trait )You can download the last page here
By English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Oral tests about picture presentation + Lastsuperhero activity in pair work
Hey
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today in module I asked you to speak about the picture p 152 that you had tocomment You need to improve your analysis Ill be asking other students next timeagain
Here is an example of presentation Its not perfect but its a rather good one
The document is a picture where there are two parts In the first part wecan see a white family at the bottom who is sitting in a garden They looksurprised and they are looking at the second family who feels happy and
impressed Contrary to the white family they are standing and clad with
their traditional dress Its a black family
To me the scene takes place in the USA and the goal of this picture is todenounce discrimination which treats people differently in society
The photographer aims at criticizing segregation In this photo theseparation is represented by the fence which is separating Africans from
Americans Segregation in the 20th century in America was when the Blacksand the Whites couldnt blend
To my mind this picture is a good representation of discrimination MartinLuther King and Rosa Park are the symbols of this conflict When I see somepeople wanted to change society and make people aware of these
inequalities through paintings photos speeches or parades Im grateful tothem
The picture attains its objective I like this photo because it denounces very
well the implicit problems of American society in the 20th century(by Rochella D)
Group 2 then we started a new activity about grammar on how to differentiatebetween Present Simple and Present Be + ing
You may download the documents hereyet to be uploaded
Group 1 Then we started a new activity that was initially designed by MissFernandes a colleague in the academy of Caen We first described the pictures of the superheroes
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW You need to finish the description of each picture and prepare the questions toask to your partner about the missing elements in your worksheetBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareMonday 16 november 2009
- Posted in For Fun
The Prisoner - New Series - Trailer
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3541
A new American series that you will probably LOVE Here is the trailer Looks andsounds fantastic
Exprimer le conseil en anglais
Today after taking a test on Body beauty and body parts (phonetics included) wespoke about superstitions on Friday the 13th And we discovered that Jonathansgrand-ma was extremely supersticious and that some of you believed in supernaturalthings too like Juliette who thinks her mother can read her mind or Camille RL whois sure what she says sometimes comes true Beware of the other Camille T whohas got a black cat She is certainly a witch and she may transform us all intopiglets Just kidding of course )
Here is what we said about superstitions
Today is a special day
On Friday the 13th people who are superstitious believe something terribly
bad or something awesome will happen to them
Examples of supertisions- you shouldnt be 13 around a table
- you shouldnt walk under a ladder- you shouldnt meet a black cat
- you shouldnt break a mirror- you shouldnt celebrate a birthday before
- you should wear a rabbit leg- you shouldnt walk on a line in the street
- you shouldnt cross your legs- you should touch wood when you say something bad
- you shouldnt put hats or shoes on a bed- you shouldnt open your umbrella inside
- you shouldnt put the bread upside down
Remember to express advice there are 3 very simple structures
bull should shouldnt + V
bull had better had better not + V bull ought to ought not to + V
Chocircmage unemployment
Embaucher to hire
bull by + V+ ing au moyen de en + V+ ingbull to + V pour + V (le but)
leisure loisirshigh ndash loweacuteleveacute ndash bas
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3641
ecirctre oblige de to have to + Vto lead to entraicircnerhuge immense= The work-week la semaine de travailIn France the 35 hours-work week was decided and implemented in the 1990rsquos by asocialist government ( Mrs Aubry)
Exercice de traduction 1) Les employeacutes doivent faire des heures suppleacutementairesEmployees must do long hoursEmployees have to do long hours2) Il y a de nombreuses faccedilons de trouver du travailThere are a lot of ways to find work3) Lrsquoimmense augmentation des reacuteseaux sociaux permettent aux gens decommuniquer drsquoavantageThe huge increase of social networks enables people to communicate more4) Le travail suppleacutementaire entraicircne des problegravemes de santeacute pour les hommessurmeneacutes
bull Homebull Mail
bull Photos
bull Music
bull Games + Apps
bull More
o SMS Groups
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Ask your Question in Exams Education amp References
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Home raquo Education raquo Exams Education ampReferences raquo Question
thornyuml
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i mDoing for Improve my english give me your best idea
Asked in Exams Education amp References at 1200 PM on October 09 2008
Tags english idea
This question is closedReport abuse
ntn jainProfile | QampA
Rate this 00
bull Latest Answers(4)
Sort by Latest | Oldest | Top-rated
English is best improved by practice and also by taking a small course to improve grammar and communication skillsThe key to practice is to read newspapers magazines and books almost regularly You can also start talking andexpressing yourself in English with your peers friends and (if possible) relatives
Writing in English is a good habit that will strengthen your expression skills as well In case you complete this all-round approach I am sure you will do well All the best
Answered by Idle Mind an ibibo Master at 409 PM on October 13 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Idle MindProfile | QampA
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you can
Answered by Rachana an ibibo Citizen at 106 PM on October 11 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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RachanaProfile | QampA
well ntn
its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming
future n ways ntn some tips from my side that will help yu improve yu ur english are
i Observe the mouth movements of those who speak English well and try to imitate them
When you are watching television observe the mouth movements of the speakers Repeat what they are saying whileimitating the intonation and rhythm of their speech
ii Until you learn the correct intonation and rhythm of English slow your speech down
If you speak too quickly and with the wrong intonation and rhythm native speakers will have a hard timeunderstanding you
Dont worry about your listener getting impatient with your slow speech -- it is more important that everything you say be understood
iii Listen to the music of English
Do not use the music of your native language when you speak English Each language has its own way of singing
iv Use the dictionary
Try and familiarise yourself with the phonetic symbols of your dictionary Look up the correct pronunciation of wordsthat are hard for you to say
v Make a list of frequently used words that you find difficult to pronounce and ask someone who speaks the languagewell to pronounce them for you
Record these words listen to them and practice saying them Listen and read at the same time
vi Buy books on tape
Record yourself reading some sections of the book Compare the sound of your English with that of the person readingthe book on the tape
vii Pronounce the ending of each word
Pay special attention to S and ED endings This will help you strengthen the mouth muscles that you use when youspeak English
viii Read aloud in English for 15-20 minutes every day
Research has shown it takes about three months of daily practice to develop strong mouth muscles for speaking a newlanguage
ix Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation mistakes
Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice and avoid listening to themselves speak However this is a veryimportant exercise because doing it will help you become conscious of the mistakes you are making
x Be patient
You can change the way you speak but it wont happen overnight People often expect instant results and give up toosoon You can change the way you sound if you are willing to put some effort into it
GOOD LUCK
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Answered by Anant-- an ibibo Master at 133 PM on October 09 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Anant--Profile | QampA
BEST WAY ACCORDING TO ME IS READ DAILY ENGLISH NEWSPAPER IF U COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY ONE OXFORD DICTIONARY AND REFER MEANINGS AND IFU COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY MEANINGS CONVERSION OF ENGLISH TO UR MOTHER TONGUE THIS MAY TAKESOME TIME THERE WILL BE SOME IMPROVEMENT IN JUST 1 MONTH BETTER READ HINDU OR TIMES OF INDIAALL THE BEST
Answered by gyaneshwar an ibibo Citizen at 1258 PM on October 09 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
gyaneshwar Profile | QampA
Related Search
Meri english bahot hi weak haimain apni english kaise strong kar sakta hoonkis tarah fluentlyenglish bol sakta hoon
dearthe simple way to improve you english is to particehave you ever heard of the saying Parctise makes a man perfect so even when you you commit mistake try to learn from the mistake and rectify themand simple start askingquestion to people in Englishand if you want yo learn english donot fell embrace in the front of anyone and alsotry to read TIMES OF INDIAN
Posted in Self Development by naqeeb ahmar at 758 PM on March 17 2008Tags meri english bahot weak apni kaise strong sakta tarah fluently hoon
how to improve english plese tell me
to compose simple sentences in your mind when you are alone Stick on the idea you want to convey rather than thegrammar Speak to the native English speakers if possible Chatt with those in internet SearchI dont know the level of your english if you have basics the fun way of learning are english comics cartoon network in english or any english
movies comics will help you in speaking good english
Posted in Love amp Romance by Shiva Singh at 1015 PM on September 24 2008Tags improve english plese
How can i improve my Enlish speaking and writing both
their meanings and use them in your convesationListen to english newsFor writing read the books on letters essaysand storiesslowly you will get the idea of using english in your convenienceFinally findDear Ashok It is good you
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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want to improve your English First and foremost thing you need is YOU All you need to do is give quality time notthe quantity Do make a conscious effort and smart work
Posted in Self Development by ashok sharma at 626 AM on October 14 2008Tags improve enlish writing
how to use GPRS in china made mob prince A960
here most of gprs settings for most of mobile service operator India to enter in your phone mannulay Here you havemanual gprs settings for vodafone hutch idea airtel bsnl airtel live airtel mobile you can enter in your phone andconfigure mannuallyManual Idea gprs Settings1 Account Name - ideaGPRS2 Username - leave Blank3 Password -leave Blank4 Homepage - httpwapideafreshcom5
Posted in Computers amp Technology by vivek soni at 145 AM on June 13 2008Tags gprs help china mad mob
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i m Doing for Improve my englishgive me your best idea
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the
pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you canwell ntn its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming future n ways ntn some tips from my sidethat will help yu improve yu ur english are i Observe
Posted in Exams Education amp References by ntn jain at 939 PM on October 13 2008Tags want improve english improve best
what is html
they want Text is what you will use English letters just like you use everyday Markup is what you will do You willwrite in plain English and then mark up what you wrote Language Some may argue that technically html is a code
but you write html in plain everyday English languageHi RockyHTML is the code behind your webpage and is whatyour browser looks for to display a webpage the way the webdesigner
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Rocky at 258 PM on May 07 2008Tags html
how I improve my english speech
and be confidentYOU CAN DOWNLOAD A LOT OF SOFTWARES FROM INTERNET IT REALLY HELPSAND ANOTHER IDEA IS TO WATCH ENGLISH CHANNELS LIKE METRO NATION NDTV GOOD TIMESAND DONT FORGET TO WATCH NDTV DISCUSSIONSget to c more english movie join times classes on english
they improvise a lotEnglish can be improved by reading booksnewspaper by discussionsThese are certain tips toimprove english
Posted in Counselling by sagar gawde at 803 PM on February 14 2008Tags improve english speech
What is the best way to enhance skills in English Which is most best website which can help tolearn English from basic to a very high class
will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin thinking in English Listening to Native Speakers as Much asPossible is the good idea to enhance your English language skills Here are someFirst of all be motivated become a
person who likes to learn English Using as many different sources methods and tools as possible will allow you tolearn faster There are many different ways
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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Posted in Self Development by RAVINDRA at 644 PM on October 03 2008Tags best enhance skills website help learn english basic high
Who created the first mouse
to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThe first marketed integrated mouseshipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came from the resemblance of earlymodels which had a cord attached to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThefirst marketed integrated mouse shipped as a part
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Aryan Gusain at 212 PM on July 02 2008Tags created first mouse
Do you have any idea for FRANKLYN INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGE Its a spoken English Institutewhich gives Job Guarantee if anyone knows plz let me know
190A Maniktolla Main Road Kolkata-54 phone no 91-33-32401558 91-33-32428200 frankylnkkghotmailcomhi poonamur question gives an idea dat ur command on english is nt poor why u r lookingYou have heard rightFRANKLYN offers spoken english courses and there is also a lot of students pursuing courses there
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 2741
usage NOTE In the sense of fulfilling prerequisites or criteria (We met with theentry requirements) or that of encountering (Our suggestions may meet with
opposition the soldiers met with machine-gun fire) the verb phrase meet with isnot in dispute
o Disputed usage I will meet with you tonight
o
Undisputed usage I will meet you tonight
bull momentarily ndash Traditionally momentarily means for a moment but its use tomean in a moment is sometimes disputed M-W[70] and RH[71] give this latter usage a standard entry without comment while OED[72] and Chambers[73] tag itNAmer AHD4 has a usage note indicating that 59 of their Usage Paneldeems this usage unacceptable[74]
o Disputed usage Your feature presentation will begin momentarily
o Undisputed usage The flash from the atom bomb momentarily lit up the
night sky
[edit] N
bull nauseous ndash Traditionally nauseous means causing nausea (synonymous withnauseating) it is commonly used now as a synonym for queasy that ishaving the feeling of nausea AHD4 notes the traditional view stating that 72 of the Usage Panel preferred nauseated over nauseous to mean affected withnausea however 88 of that same panel preferred nauseating to nauseous tomean causing nausea in other words a maximum of only 28 prefersnauseous in either case It also states that in common usage nauseous issynonymous with nauseated but deems this usage incorrect[75] M-W howeverasserts that [t]hose who insist that nauseous is an error for nauseated are
mistaken[76] Both M-W and AHD4 accept that nauseous is supplantingnauseated for feeling nausea and in turn being replaced by nauseating for causing nausea in general usage they only differ on the correctness of thechange RH states The two literal senses of nauseous [] appear in English atalmost the same time in the early 17th century and both senses are in standard useat the present time Nauseous is more common than nauseated in the senseaffected with nausea despite recent objections by those who imagine the sense to be new[77] CHAMBERS lists the sense of causing nausea first and affected withnausea second[78] while COD11 gives the affliction first and causation second both dictionaries list the entries without comment OED goes further tagging itsnauseated usage as Orig[inally] US but demoted its nauseating usage to
literary OED also notes that the original (now obsolete) sense of the word inEnglish was inclined to sickness or nausea squeamish[79] Curiously this oldestseventeenth-century meaning (inclined to nausea) while distinct from thedisputed twentieth-century usage (afflicted by nausea) more closely resemblesthe latter than it does the prescribed meaning (causing nausea)
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseous
o Disputed usage That smell is making me nauseous
o Undisputed usage That smell is nauseating
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 2841
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 2941
future tense (The supervisor will be back presently)[80] M-W mentions the samevintage for the sense of now and that it is not clear why it is objectionable[81]
AHD4 states that despite its use nowadays in literate speech and writing thatthere is still lingering prejudice against this use In the late 1980s only 50 of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved of the sentence General Walters is hellip
presently the United States Ambassador to the United Nations[82]
COD11 lists both usages without comment CHAMBERS merely flags the sense of now asN Amer especially US[83]
o Disputed usage I am presently reading Wikipedia
o Undisputed usage I will be finished with that activity presently
[edit] R
bull refute ndash The traditional meaning of refute is disprove or dispel with reasoned
arguments It is now often used as a synonym for deny The latter sense islisted without comment by M-W[84] and AHD4[85] while CHAMBERS tags it ascolloquial[86] COD11 states that Traditionalists object to [the use of refute asdeny] but it is now widely accepted in standard English However RH does notmention this use at all[87]
bull relatively ndash Literally meaning compared to some now use relatively to meanmoderately or somewhat AHD4 does not list this usage at all [88] M-W hasapparently blended the two usages in one[89]
o Disputed usage That man was relatively annoying
o Undisputed usage Though relatively harmless when compared to
dimethylmercury mercury (II) oxide is still quite toxic
[edit] S
bull Scotch Scots and Scottish ndash Formerly English people used Scotch whereScottish people used Scottish The current convention is as follows
o Scottish for people
o Scotch for things (especially whisky)
o Scots for institutions (Scots law Scots language)
bull
seek ndash This means look for but is used to mean try or want This usage iscriticised by Fowler in the entry Formal Words
o Disputed usage we did seek to resolve the Iraq crisis by peaceful
means those who seek to emulate his legacy of murder the Liberalsseek to undermine that future[attribution needed ]
o Undisputed usage Seek and ye shall find
[edit] T
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3041
bull than mdash Than is the subject of a longstanding dispute as to its status as a preposition or conjunction see than For the disputed construction different thansee Different
bull they mdash Prescriptivists regard this as a plural pronoun that uses a third person
plural verb conjugation (see below they show) but the word is now commonlyused especially in speech and informal writing as a non-gender-specific third- person singular pronoun (which modern English otherwise lacks) Alternativesinclude he or she and generic he Some writers argue that generic he isgeneric (as the name implies) and thus includes both sexes Others find it sexist or too old-fashioned The pronouns you or one can be used in some sentences
o Disputed usage A person is rude if they show no respect for their hosts
o Undisputed usage One is rude if one shows no respect for ones hosts
o Undisputed usage It is rude not to show respect for hosts
o Undisputed usage Many people have told me that they are satisfied with
their food
bull thusly mdash Thusly (AHD4 suggests) was originally coined by educated writers tomake fun of uneducated persons trying to sound genteel[90] Thusly howeverdiffused into popular usage Some people accept it as an adverb in its own rightwhile others believe thus should be used in all cases The word thusly appearswith no associated usage notes in M-W[91] COD11 tags it as informal with theentry thus tagged as literary or formal CHAMBERS does not list the word atall and it is unknown in British usage[92]
[edit] U
bull unique ndash Some prescriptivists argue that unique only means sole or unequaled (British spelling unequalled) but most dictionaries give a thirdmeaning unusual which can be qualified by very or somewhat as in Thetheme of the party was somewhat unique see comparison Almost unique isuniversally acceptable[citation needed ]
[edit] W
bull
whilst and while mdash Penguin Working Words recommends while only and notesthat whilst is old-fashioned Cambridge Guide to English Usage and M-WsWebsters Guide to English Usage comment on its regional character and notethat it is rare in American usage It is thus safer to use only while in internationalEnglish (See the article While for further sources deprecating the use of whilst and cautioning about uses of while)
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3141
bull who mdash Some prescriptivists argue that who should be used only as a subject pronoun the corresponding object pronoun being whom Strictly speakingusing who instead of whom is substituting a subjective pronoun for an objective pronoun and hence is the same as using she instead of her (eg I talked to she
today) Most people never use whom in spoken English and instead use who for
all cases Those who use whom in everyday speech may recognize substitution of who as substandard FOWLER has an extensive entry on who and whom
including several quotes from major publications where whom is used incorrectlyo Undisputed usage You are talking to whom
o Disputed usage You are talking to who
o Undisputed usage To whom are you talking
o Disputed usage To who are you talking
o Disputed usage far more hostile to Diana whom she believes betrayed
the Prince of WalesmdashIndependent Mag 1993 (FOWLER)o Undisputed usage far more hostile to Diana who she believes betrayed
the Prince of Wales
o Disputed usage Whom do men say that I am (Mark 927 King JamesVersion)
bull whoever mdash This extension of who (see above) along with its object formwhomever is attended by the same uncertainties as who along with whom and isdiscussed in the same sources (See the relevant section at Who)
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever wants it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever you think should have it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whomever you choose to give it
o Disputed usage Give it to whoever you choose to give it to
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever wants it
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever you think should have it
Module - Pair work - Asking questions to yourpartner
Hey
with Group 2 we first talked a little about food at the beginning of the class as awarm up And here is what we said
to be written by Franc
Then today was the first day that we worked in pairs You had to find informationabout superhero characters asking questions to your partner
Here are the two worksheets if you still need to complete them
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW you need to be able to speak about the picture of a super hero + speak about
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3241
their story + give the common points between all the super heroes presented Yourpresentation will last about 3 to 5 minutes You can send me some drafts (brouillon)if neededBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - Tale LV2
Southern Trees - beginning of the study
Hey
today we first warmed up about your future jobs while waiting for those who werelate Here is what you said
I would like to become an architect when I leave highschool (Selma)I want to study law to be a lawyer maybe ( Jeacuterocircme)
Structures WANT TO WOULD LIKE TO -- Attention aux noms de meacutetiers quisont preacuteceacutedeacutes de larticle aan
Then we did a quick recap about what Jim Crow laws used to be Here is what wesaid
bull Jim Crow Laws
These were laws about racial segregation until the end of the 1960sBlacks were not allowed to go to school with Whites
Blacks were not allowed to attend school with WhitesBlacks were forbidden to live together there were separate water
fountains rest rooms or entrances at restaurantsThey were prohibited to sit at the front of a bus
bull KKK(1865-)
white Protestantssupremacy of the white race
white costumesterrorism and violence to oppress Blacks
Finally we listened to the text and we started our general comprehesion by
highlighting the important information about the type of document the places thetime Here is what we wrote
bull Text Southern Trees
- type of doc extract from the autobiographic novel of Billie Holliday- who Billie Holliday Lewis Allen piano player of Billie Pop audience bitch
- where in New-York at Cafe Society on 52nd Street Miami Los Angeles
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3341
- when published in 1956
HW you need to finish answering the usual wh- questions about the text (inparticular about the feelings of the characters involved) You also need to divide thetext into 2 parts give them a title and justify your titles
NB you will have a vocabulary test next week with the words from the lesson andthe words from the tool box p 53 You may also have a test about the text andabout racial discrimination in the US on Wednesday It will depend on how far we areinto the study of the document Southern TreesBy English Prof
Enter comment - View comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Spiderman - Page 3
This morning with the whole class we first warmed up with why I was a little late inclass Here is what we wrote
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
Then we studied the last page from Spiderman
There was a secretary for each person that spoke about a panel Here are the notesthat we took while they were speaking
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
HW you will be able to speak about the document at the beginning of the class in arow (dun seul trait )You can download the last page here
By English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Oral tests about picture presentation + Lastsuperhero activity in pair work
Hey
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3441
today in module I asked you to speak about the picture p 152 that you had tocomment You need to improve your analysis Ill be asking other students next timeagain
Here is an example of presentation Its not perfect but its a rather good one
The document is a picture where there are two parts In the first part wecan see a white family at the bottom who is sitting in a garden They looksurprised and they are looking at the second family who feels happy and
impressed Contrary to the white family they are standing and clad with
their traditional dress Its a black family
To me the scene takes place in the USA and the goal of this picture is todenounce discrimination which treats people differently in society
The photographer aims at criticizing segregation In this photo theseparation is represented by the fence which is separating Africans from
Americans Segregation in the 20th century in America was when the Blacksand the Whites couldnt blend
To my mind this picture is a good representation of discrimination MartinLuther King and Rosa Park are the symbols of this conflict When I see somepeople wanted to change society and make people aware of these
inequalities through paintings photos speeches or parades Im grateful tothem
The picture attains its objective I like this photo because it denounces very
well the implicit problems of American society in the 20th century(by Rochella D)
Group 2 then we started a new activity about grammar on how to differentiatebetween Present Simple and Present Be + ing
You may download the documents hereyet to be uploaded
Group 1 Then we started a new activity that was initially designed by MissFernandes a colleague in the academy of Caen We first described the pictures of the superheroes
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW You need to finish the description of each picture and prepare the questions toask to your partner about the missing elements in your worksheetBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareMonday 16 november 2009
- Posted in For Fun
The Prisoner - New Series - Trailer
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3541
A new American series that you will probably LOVE Here is the trailer Looks andsounds fantastic
Exprimer le conseil en anglais
Today after taking a test on Body beauty and body parts (phonetics included) wespoke about superstitions on Friday the 13th And we discovered that Jonathansgrand-ma was extremely supersticious and that some of you believed in supernaturalthings too like Juliette who thinks her mother can read her mind or Camille RL whois sure what she says sometimes comes true Beware of the other Camille T whohas got a black cat She is certainly a witch and she may transform us all intopiglets Just kidding of course )
Here is what we said about superstitions
Today is a special day
On Friday the 13th people who are superstitious believe something terribly
bad or something awesome will happen to them
Examples of supertisions- you shouldnt be 13 around a table
- you shouldnt walk under a ladder- you shouldnt meet a black cat
- you shouldnt break a mirror- you shouldnt celebrate a birthday before
- you should wear a rabbit leg- you shouldnt walk on a line in the street
- you shouldnt cross your legs- you should touch wood when you say something bad
- you shouldnt put hats or shoes on a bed- you shouldnt open your umbrella inside
- you shouldnt put the bread upside down
Remember to express advice there are 3 very simple structures
bull should shouldnt + V
bull had better had better not + V bull ought to ought not to + V
Chocircmage unemployment
Embaucher to hire
bull by + V+ ing au moyen de en + V+ ingbull to + V pour + V (le but)
leisure loisirshigh ndash loweacuteleveacute ndash bas
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3641
ecirctre oblige de to have to + Vto lead to entraicircnerhuge immense= The work-week la semaine de travailIn France the 35 hours-work week was decided and implemented in the 1990rsquos by asocialist government ( Mrs Aubry)
Exercice de traduction 1) Les employeacutes doivent faire des heures suppleacutementairesEmployees must do long hoursEmployees have to do long hours2) Il y a de nombreuses faccedilons de trouver du travailThere are a lot of ways to find work3) Lrsquoimmense augmentation des reacuteseaux sociaux permettent aux gens decommuniquer drsquoavantageThe huge increase of social networks enables people to communicate more4) Le travail suppleacutementaire entraicircne des problegravemes de santeacute pour les hommessurmeneacutes
bull Homebull Mail
bull Photos
bull Music
bull Games + Apps
bull More
o SMS Groups
o Sawaal
o Instant Messenger
o Free SMS
o Mobile
o Travel
Sign Up Sign In
Ask your Question in Exams Education amp References
Character(s) remaining 160
Home Ask Question Answer Questions My QampA CategoriesAsk the experts Expert leader board
Home raquo Education raquo Exams Education ampReferences raquo Question
thornyuml
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3741
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i mDoing for Improve my english give me your best idea
Asked in Exams Education amp References at 1200 PM on October 09 2008
Tags english idea
This question is closedReport abuse
ntn jainProfile | QampA
Rate this 00
bull Latest Answers(4)
Sort by Latest | Oldest | Top-rated
English is best improved by practice and also by taking a small course to improve grammar and communication skillsThe key to practice is to read newspapers magazines and books almost regularly You can also start talking andexpressing yourself in English with your peers friends and (if possible) relatives
Writing in English is a good habit that will strengthen your expression skills as well In case you complete this all-round approach I am sure you will do well All the best
Answered by Idle Mind an ibibo Master at 409 PM on October 13 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Idle MindProfile | QampA
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you can
Answered by Rachana an ibibo Citizen at 106 PM on October 11 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3841
RachanaProfile | QampA
well ntn
its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming
future n ways ntn some tips from my side that will help yu improve yu ur english are
i Observe the mouth movements of those who speak English well and try to imitate them
When you are watching television observe the mouth movements of the speakers Repeat what they are saying whileimitating the intonation and rhythm of their speech
ii Until you learn the correct intonation and rhythm of English slow your speech down
If you speak too quickly and with the wrong intonation and rhythm native speakers will have a hard timeunderstanding you
Dont worry about your listener getting impatient with your slow speech -- it is more important that everything you say be understood
iii Listen to the music of English
Do not use the music of your native language when you speak English Each language has its own way of singing
iv Use the dictionary
Try and familiarise yourself with the phonetic symbols of your dictionary Look up the correct pronunciation of wordsthat are hard for you to say
v Make a list of frequently used words that you find difficult to pronounce and ask someone who speaks the languagewell to pronounce them for you
Record these words listen to them and practice saying them Listen and read at the same time
vi Buy books on tape
Record yourself reading some sections of the book Compare the sound of your English with that of the person readingthe book on the tape
vii Pronounce the ending of each word
Pay special attention to S and ED endings This will help you strengthen the mouth muscles that you use when youspeak English
viii Read aloud in English for 15-20 minutes every day
Research has shown it takes about three months of daily practice to develop strong mouth muscles for speaking a newlanguage
ix Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation mistakes
Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice and avoid listening to themselves speak However this is a veryimportant exercise because doing it will help you become conscious of the mistakes you are making
x Be patient
You can change the way you speak but it wont happen overnight People often expect instant results and give up toosoon You can change the way you sound if you are willing to put some effort into it
GOOD LUCK
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3941
Answered by Anant-- an ibibo Master at 133 PM on October 09 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Anant--Profile | QampA
BEST WAY ACCORDING TO ME IS READ DAILY ENGLISH NEWSPAPER IF U COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY ONE OXFORD DICTIONARY AND REFER MEANINGS AND IFU COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY MEANINGS CONVERSION OF ENGLISH TO UR MOTHER TONGUE THIS MAY TAKESOME TIME THERE WILL BE SOME IMPROVEMENT IN JUST 1 MONTH BETTER READ HINDU OR TIMES OF INDIAALL THE BEST
Answered by gyaneshwar an ibibo Citizen at 1258 PM on October 09 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
gyaneshwar Profile | QampA
Related Search
Meri english bahot hi weak haimain apni english kaise strong kar sakta hoonkis tarah fluentlyenglish bol sakta hoon
dearthe simple way to improve you english is to particehave you ever heard of the saying Parctise makes a man perfect so even when you you commit mistake try to learn from the mistake and rectify themand simple start askingquestion to people in Englishand if you want yo learn english donot fell embrace in the front of anyone and alsotry to read TIMES OF INDIAN
Posted in Self Development by naqeeb ahmar at 758 PM on March 17 2008Tags meri english bahot weak apni kaise strong sakta tarah fluently hoon
how to improve english plese tell me
to compose simple sentences in your mind when you are alone Stick on the idea you want to convey rather than thegrammar Speak to the native English speakers if possible Chatt with those in internet SearchI dont know the level of your english if you have basics the fun way of learning are english comics cartoon network in english or any english
movies comics will help you in speaking good english
Posted in Love amp Romance by Shiva Singh at 1015 PM on September 24 2008Tags improve english plese
How can i improve my Enlish speaking and writing both
their meanings and use them in your convesationListen to english newsFor writing read the books on letters essaysand storiesslowly you will get the idea of using english in your convenienceFinally findDear Ashok It is good you
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 4041
want to improve your English First and foremost thing you need is YOU All you need to do is give quality time notthe quantity Do make a conscious effort and smart work
Posted in Self Development by ashok sharma at 626 AM on October 14 2008Tags improve enlish writing
how to use GPRS in china made mob prince A960
here most of gprs settings for most of mobile service operator India to enter in your phone mannulay Here you havemanual gprs settings for vodafone hutch idea airtel bsnl airtel live airtel mobile you can enter in your phone andconfigure mannuallyManual Idea gprs Settings1 Account Name - ideaGPRS2 Username - leave Blank3 Password -leave Blank4 Homepage - httpwapideafreshcom5
Posted in Computers amp Technology by vivek soni at 145 AM on June 13 2008Tags gprs help china mad mob
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i m Doing for Improve my englishgive me your best idea
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the
pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you canwell ntn its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming future n ways ntn some tips from my sidethat will help yu improve yu ur english are i Observe
Posted in Exams Education amp References by ntn jain at 939 PM on October 13 2008Tags want improve english improve best
what is html
they want Text is what you will use English letters just like you use everyday Markup is what you will do You willwrite in plain English and then mark up what you wrote Language Some may argue that technically html is a code
but you write html in plain everyday English languageHi RockyHTML is the code behind your webpage and is whatyour browser looks for to display a webpage the way the webdesigner
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Rocky at 258 PM on May 07 2008Tags html
how I improve my english speech
and be confidentYOU CAN DOWNLOAD A LOT OF SOFTWARES FROM INTERNET IT REALLY HELPSAND ANOTHER IDEA IS TO WATCH ENGLISH CHANNELS LIKE METRO NATION NDTV GOOD TIMESAND DONT FORGET TO WATCH NDTV DISCUSSIONSget to c more english movie join times classes on english
they improvise a lotEnglish can be improved by reading booksnewspaper by discussionsThese are certain tips toimprove english
Posted in Counselling by sagar gawde at 803 PM on February 14 2008Tags improve english speech
What is the best way to enhance skills in English Which is most best website which can help tolearn English from basic to a very high class
will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin thinking in English Listening to Native Speakers as Much asPossible is the good idea to enhance your English language skills Here are someFirst of all be motivated become a
person who likes to learn English Using as many different sources methods and tools as possible will allow you tolearn faster There are many different ways
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 4141
Posted in Self Development by RAVINDRA at 644 PM on October 03 2008Tags best enhance skills website help learn english basic high
Who created the first mouse
to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThe first marketed integrated mouseshipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came from the resemblance of earlymodels which had a cord attached to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThefirst marketed integrated mouse shipped as a part
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Aryan Gusain at 212 PM on July 02 2008Tags created first mouse
Do you have any idea for FRANKLYN INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGE Its a spoken English Institutewhich gives Job Guarantee if anyone knows plz let me know
190A Maniktolla Main Road Kolkata-54 phone no 91-33-32401558 91-33-32428200 frankylnkkghotmailcomhi poonamur question gives an idea dat ur command on english is nt poor why u r lookingYou have heard rightFRANKLYN offers spoken english courses and there is also a lot of students pursuing courses there
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 2841
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 2941
future tense (The supervisor will be back presently)[80] M-W mentions the samevintage for the sense of now and that it is not clear why it is objectionable[81]
AHD4 states that despite its use nowadays in literate speech and writing thatthere is still lingering prejudice against this use In the late 1980s only 50 of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved of the sentence General Walters is hellip
presently the United States Ambassador to the United Nations[82]
COD11 lists both usages without comment CHAMBERS merely flags the sense of now asN Amer especially US[83]
o Disputed usage I am presently reading Wikipedia
o Undisputed usage I will be finished with that activity presently
[edit] R
bull refute ndash The traditional meaning of refute is disprove or dispel with reasoned
arguments It is now often used as a synonym for deny The latter sense islisted without comment by M-W[84] and AHD4[85] while CHAMBERS tags it ascolloquial[86] COD11 states that Traditionalists object to [the use of refute asdeny] but it is now widely accepted in standard English However RH does notmention this use at all[87]
bull relatively ndash Literally meaning compared to some now use relatively to meanmoderately or somewhat AHD4 does not list this usage at all [88] M-W hasapparently blended the two usages in one[89]
o Disputed usage That man was relatively annoying
o Undisputed usage Though relatively harmless when compared to
dimethylmercury mercury (II) oxide is still quite toxic
[edit] S
bull Scotch Scots and Scottish ndash Formerly English people used Scotch whereScottish people used Scottish The current convention is as follows
o Scottish for people
o Scotch for things (especially whisky)
o Scots for institutions (Scots law Scots language)
bull
seek ndash This means look for but is used to mean try or want This usage iscriticised by Fowler in the entry Formal Words
o Disputed usage we did seek to resolve the Iraq crisis by peaceful
means those who seek to emulate his legacy of murder the Liberalsseek to undermine that future[attribution needed ]
o Undisputed usage Seek and ye shall find
[edit] T
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3041
bull than mdash Than is the subject of a longstanding dispute as to its status as a preposition or conjunction see than For the disputed construction different thansee Different
bull they mdash Prescriptivists regard this as a plural pronoun that uses a third person
plural verb conjugation (see below they show) but the word is now commonlyused especially in speech and informal writing as a non-gender-specific third- person singular pronoun (which modern English otherwise lacks) Alternativesinclude he or she and generic he Some writers argue that generic he isgeneric (as the name implies) and thus includes both sexes Others find it sexist or too old-fashioned The pronouns you or one can be used in some sentences
o Disputed usage A person is rude if they show no respect for their hosts
o Undisputed usage One is rude if one shows no respect for ones hosts
o Undisputed usage It is rude not to show respect for hosts
o Undisputed usage Many people have told me that they are satisfied with
their food
bull thusly mdash Thusly (AHD4 suggests) was originally coined by educated writers tomake fun of uneducated persons trying to sound genteel[90] Thusly howeverdiffused into popular usage Some people accept it as an adverb in its own rightwhile others believe thus should be used in all cases The word thusly appearswith no associated usage notes in M-W[91] COD11 tags it as informal with theentry thus tagged as literary or formal CHAMBERS does not list the word atall and it is unknown in British usage[92]
[edit] U
bull unique ndash Some prescriptivists argue that unique only means sole or unequaled (British spelling unequalled) but most dictionaries give a thirdmeaning unusual which can be qualified by very or somewhat as in Thetheme of the party was somewhat unique see comparison Almost unique isuniversally acceptable[citation needed ]
[edit] W
bull
whilst and while mdash Penguin Working Words recommends while only and notesthat whilst is old-fashioned Cambridge Guide to English Usage and M-WsWebsters Guide to English Usage comment on its regional character and notethat it is rare in American usage It is thus safer to use only while in internationalEnglish (See the article While for further sources deprecating the use of whilst and cautioning about uses of while)
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3141
bull who mdash Some prescriptivists argue that who should be used only as a subject pronoun the corresponding object pronoun being whom Strictly speakingusing who instead of whom is substituting a subjective pronoun for an objective pronoun and hence is the same as using she instead of her (eg I talked to she
today) Most people never use whom in spoken English and instead use who for
all cases Those who use whom in everyday speech may recognize substitution of who as substandard FOWLER has an extensive entry on who and whom
including several quotes from major publications where whom is used incorrectlyo Undisputed usage You are talking to whom
o Disputed usage You are talking to who
o Undisputed usage To whom are you talking
o Disputed usage To who are you talking
o Disputed usage far more hostile to Diana whom she believes betrayed
the Prince of WalesmdashIndependent Mag 1993 (FOWLER)o Undisputed usage far more hostile to Diana who she believes betrayed
the Prince of Wales
o Disputed usage Whom do men say that I am (Mark 927 King JamesVersion)
bull whoever mdash This extension of who (see above) along with its object formwhomever is attended by the same uncertainties as who along with whom and isdiscussed in the same sources (See the relevant section at Who)
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever wants it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever you think should have it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whomever you choose to give it
o Disputed usage Give it to whoever you choose to give it to
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever wants it
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever you think should have it
Module - Pair work - Asking questions to yourpartner
Hey
with Group 2 we first talked a little about food at the beginning of the class as awarm up And here is what we said
to be written by Franc
Then today was the first day that we worked in pairs You had to find informationabout superhero characters asking questions to your partner
Here are the two worksheets if you still need to complete them
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW you need to be able to speak about the picture of a super hero + speak about
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3241
their story + give the common points between all the super heroes presented Yourpresentation will last about 3 to 5 minutes You can send me some drafts (brouillon)if neededBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - Tale LV2
Southern Trees - beginning of the study
Hey
today we first warmed up about your future jobs while waiting for those who werelate Here is what you said
I would like to become an architect when I leave highschool (Selma)I want to study law to be a lawyer maybe ( Jeacuterocircme)
Structures WANT TO WOULD LIKE TO -- Attention aux noms de meacutetiers quisont preacuteceacutedeacutes de larticle aan
Then we did a quick recap about what Jim Crow laws used to be Here is what wesaid
bull Jim Crow Laws
These were laws about racial segregation until the end of the 1960sBlacks were not allowed to go to school with Whites
Blacks were not allowed to attend school with WhitesBlacks were forbidden to live together there were separate water
fountains rest rooms or entrances at restaurantsThey were prohibited to sit at the front of a bus
bull KKK(1865-)
white Protestantssupremacy of the white race
white costumesterrorism and violence to oppress Blacks
Finally we listened to the text and we started our general comprehesion by
highlighting the important information about the type of document the places thetime Here is what we wrote
bull Text Southern Trees
- type of doc extract from the autobiographic novel of Billie Holliday- who Billie Holliday Lewis Allen piano player of Billie Pop audience bitch
- where in New-York at Cafe Society on 52nd Street Miami Los Angeles
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3341
- when published in 1956
HW you need to finish answering the usual wh- questions about the text (inparticular about the feelings of the characters involved) You also need to divide thetext into 2 parts give them a title and justify your titles
NB you will have a vocabulary test next week with the words from the lesson andthe words from the tool box p 53 You may also have a test about the text andabout racial discrimination in the US on Wednesday It will depend on how far we areinto the study of the document Southern TreesBy English Prof
Enter comment - View comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Spiderman - Page 3
This morning with the whole class we first warmed up with why I was a little late inclass Here is what we wrote
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
Then we studied the last page from Spiderman
There was a secretary for each person that spoke about a panel Here are the notesthat we took while they were speaking
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
HW you will be able to speak about the document at the beginning of the class in arow (dun seul trait )You can download the last page here
By English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Oral tests about picture presentation + Lastsuperhero activity in pair work
Hey
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3441
today in module I asked you to speak about the picture p 152 that you had tocomment You need to improve your analysis Ill be asking other students next timeagain
Here is an example of presentation Its not perfect but its a rather good one
The document is a picture where there are two parts In the first part wecan see a white family at the bottom who is sitting in a garden They looksurprised and they are looking at the second family who feels happy and
impressed Contrary to the white family they are standing and clad with
their traditional dress Its a black family
To me the scene takes place in the USA and the goal of this picture is todenounce discrimination which treats people differently in society
The photographer aims at criticizing segregation In this photo theseparation is represented by the fence which is separating Africans from
Americans Segregation in the 20th century in America was when the Blacksand the Whites couldnt blend
To my mind this picture is a good representation of discrimination MartinLuther King and Rosa Park are the symbols of this conflict When I see somepeople wanted to change society and make people aware of these
inequalities through paintings photos speeches or parades Im grateful tothem
The picture attains its objective I like this photo because it denounces very
well the implicit problems of American society in the 20th century(by Rochella D)
Group 2 then we started a new activity about grammar on how to differentiatebetween Present Simple and Present Be + ing
You may download the documents hereyet to be uploaded
Group 1 Then we started a new activity that was initially designed by MissFernandes a colleague in the academy of Caen We first described the pictures of the superheroes
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW You need to finish the description of each picture and prepare the questions toask to your partner about the missing elements in your worksheetBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareMonday 16 november 2009
- Posted in For Fun
The Prisoner - New Series - Trailer
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3541
A new American series that you will probably LOVE Here is the trailer Looks andsounds fantastic
Exprimer le conseil en anglais
Today after taking a test on Body beauty and body parts (phonetics included) wespoke about superstitions on Friday the 13th And we discovered that Jonathansgrand-ma was extremely supersticious and that some of you believed in supernaturalthings too like Juliette who thinks her mother can read her mind or Camille RL whois sure what she says sometimes comes true Beware of the other Camille T whohas got a black cat She is certainly a witch and she may transform us all intopiglets Just kidding of course )
Here is what we said about superstitions
Today is a special day
On Friday the 13th people who are superstitious believe something terribly
bad or something awesome will happen to them
Examples of supertisions- you shouldnt be 13 around a table
- you shouldnt walk under a ladder- you shouldnt meet a black cat
- you shouldnt break a mirror- you shouldnt celebrate a birthday before
- you should wear a rabbit leg- you shouldnt walk on a line in the street
- you shouldnt cross your legs- you should touch wood when you say something bad
- you shouldnt put hats or shoes on a bed- you shouldnt open your umbrella inside
- you shouldnt put the bread upside down
Remember to express advice there are 3 very simple structures
bull should shouldnt + V
bull had better had better not + V bull ought to ought not to + V
Chocircmage unemployment
Embaucher to hire
bull by + V+ ing au moyen de en + V+ ingbull to + V pour + V (le but)
leisure loisirshigh ndash loweacuteleveacute ndash bas
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3641
ecirctre oblige de to have to + Vto lead to entraicircnerhuge immense= The work-week la semaine de travailIn France the 35 hours-work week was decided and implemented in the 1990rsquos by asocialist government ( Mrs Aubry)
Exercice de traduction 1) Les employeacutes doivent faire des heures suppleacutementairesEmployees must do long hoursEmployees have to do long hours2) Il y a de nombreuses faccedilons de trouver du travailThere are a lot of ways to find work3) Lrsquoimmense augmentation des reacuteseaux sociaux permettent aux gens decommuniquer drsquoavantageThe huge increase of social networks enables people to communicate more4) Le travail suppleacutementaire entraicircne des problegravemes de santeacute pour les hommessurmeneacutes
bull Homebull Mail
bull Photos
bull Music
bull Games + Apps
bull More
o SMS Groups
o Sawaal
o Instant Messenger
o Free SMS
o Mobile
o Travel
Sign Up Sign In
Ask your Question in Exams Education amp References
Character(s) remaining 160
Home Ask Question Answer Questions My QampA CategoriesAsk the experts Expert leader board
Home raquo Education raquo Exams Education ampReferences raquo Question
thornyuml
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3741
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i mDoing for Improve my english give me your best idea
Asked in Exams Education amp References at 1200 PM on October 09 2008
Tags english idea
This question is closedReport abuse
ntn jainProfile | QampA
Rate this 00
bull Latest Answers(4)
Sort by Latest | Oldest | Top-rated
English is best improved by practice and also by taking a small course to improve grammar and communication skillsThe key to practice is to read newspapers magazines and books almost regularly You can also start talking andexpressing yourself in English with your peers friends and (if possible) relatives
Writing in English is a good habit that will strengthen your expression skills as well In case you complete this all-round approach I am sure you will do well All the best
Answered by Idle Mind an ibibo Master at 409 PM on October 13 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Idle MindProfile | QampA
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you can
Answered by Rachana an ibibo Citizen at 106 PM on October 11 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
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RachanaProfile | QampA
well ntn
its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming
future n ways ntn some tips from my side that will help yu improve yu ur english are
i Observe the mouth movements of those who speak English well and try to imitate them
When you are watching television observe the mouth movements of the speakers Repeat what they are saying whileimitating the intonation and rhythm of their speech
ii Until you learn the correct intonation and rhythm of English slow your speech down
If you speak too quickly and with the wrong intonation and rhythm native speakers will have a hard timeunderstanding you
Dont worry about your listener getting impatient with your slow speech -- it is more important that everything you say be understood
iii Listen to the music of English
Do not use the music of your native language when you speak English Each language has its own way of singing
iv Use the dictionary
Try and familiarise yourself with the phonetic symbols of your dictionary Look up the correct pronunciation of wordsthat are hard for you to say
v Make a list of frequently used words that you find difficult to pronounce and ask someone who speaks the languagewell to pronounce them for you
Record these words listen to them and practice saying them Listen and read at the same time
vi Buy books on tape
Record yourself reading some sections of the book Compare the sound of your English with that of the person readingthe book on the tape
vii Pronounce the ending of each word
Pay special attention to S and ED endings This will help you strengthen the mouth muscles that you use when youspeak English
viii Read aloud in English for 15-20 minutes every day
Research has shown it takes about three months of daily practice to develop strong mouth muscles for speaking a newlanguage
ix Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation mistakes
Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice and avoid listening to themselves speak However this is a veryimportant exercise because doing it will help you become conscious of the mistakes you are making
x Be patient
You can change the way you speak but it wont happen overnight People often expect instant results and give up toosoon You can change the way you sound if you are willing to put some effort into it
GOOD LUCK
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3941
Answered by Anant-- an ibibo Master at 133 PM on October 09 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Anant--Profile | QampA
BEST WAY ACCORDING TO ME IS READ DAILY ENGLISH NEWSPAPER IF U COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY ONE OXFORD DICTIONARY AND REFER MEANINGS AND IFU COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY MEANINGS CONVERSION OF ENGLISH TO UR MOTHER TONGUE THIS MAY TAKESOME TIME THERE WILL BE SOME IMPROVEMENT IN JUST 1 MONTH BETTER READ HINDU OR TIMES OF INDIAALL THE BEST
Answered by gyaneshwar an ibibo Citizen at 1258 PM on October 09 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
gyaneshwar Profile | QampA
Related Search
Meri english bahot hi weak haimain apni english kaise strong kar sakta hoonkis tarah fluentlyenglish bol sakta hoon
dearthe simple way to improve you english is to particehave you ever heard of the saying Parctise makes a man perfect so even when you you commit mistake try to learn from the mistake and rectify themand simple start askingquestion to people in Englishand if you want yo learn english donot fell embrace in the front of anyone and alsotry to read TIMES OF INDIAN
Posted in Self Development by naqeeb ahmar at 758 PM on March 17 2008Tags meri english bahot weak apni kaise strong sakta tarah fluently hoon
how to improve english plese tell me
to compose simple sentences in your mind when you are alone Stick on the idea you want to convey rather than thegrammar Speak to the native English speakers if possible Chatt with those in internet SearchI dont know the level of your english if you have basics the fun way of learning are english comics cartoon network in english or any english
movies comics will help you in speaking good english
Posted in Love amp Romance by Shiva Singh at 1015 PM on September 24 2008Tags improve english plese
How can i improve my Enlish speaking and writing both
their meanings and use them in your convesationListen to english newsFor writing read the books on letters essaysand storiesslowly you will get the idea of using english in your convenienceFinally findDear Ashok It is good you
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 4041
want to improve your English First and foremost thing you need is YOU All you need to do is give quality time notthe quantity Do make a conscious effort and smart work
Posted in Self Development by ashok sharma at 626 AM on October 14 2008Tags improve enlish writing
how to use GPRS in china made mob prince A960
here most of gprs settings for most of mobile service operator India to enter in your phone mannulay Here you havemanual gprs settings for vodafone hutch idea airtel bsnl airtel live airtel mobile you can enter in your phone andconfigure mannuallyManual Idea gprs Settings1 Account Name - ideaGPRS2 Username - leave Blank3 Password -leave Blank4 Homepage - httpwapideafreshcom5
Posted in Computers amp Technology by vivek soni at 145 AM on June 13 2008Tags gprs help china mad mob
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i m Doing for Improve my englishgive me your best idea
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the
pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you canwell ntn its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming future n ways ntn some tips from my sidethat will help yu improve yu ur english are i Observe
Posted in Exams Education amp References by ntn jain at 939 PM on October 13 2008Tags want improve english improve best
what is html
they want Text is what you will use English letters just like you use everyday Markup is what you will do You willwrite in plain English and then mark up what you wrote Language Some may argue that technically html is a code
but you write html in plain everyday English languageHi RockyHTML is the code behind your webpage and is whatyour browser looks for to display a webpage the way the webdesigner
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Rocky at 258 PM on May 07 2008Tags html
how I improve my english speech
and be confidentYOU CAN DOWNLOAD A LOT OF SOFTWARES FROM INTERNET IT REALLY HELPSAND ANOTHER IDEA IS TO WATCH ENGLISH CHANNELS LIKE METRO NATION NDTV GOOD TIMESAND DONT FORGET TO WATCH NDTV DISCUSSIONSget to c more english movie join times classes on english
they improvise a lotEnglish can be improved by reading booksnewspaper by discussionsThese are certain tips toimprove english
Posted in Counselling by sagar gawde at 803 PM on February 14 2008Tags improve english speech
What is the best way to enhance skills in English Which is most best website which can help tolearn English from basic to a very high class
will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin thinking in English Listening to Native Speakers as Much asPossible is the good idea to enhance your English language skills Here are someFirst of all be motivated become a
person who likes to learn English Using as many different sources methods and tools as possible will allow you tolearn faster There are many different ways
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 4141
Posted in Self Development by RAVINDRA at 644 PM on October 03 2008Tags best enhance skills website help learn english basic high
Who created the first mouse
to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThe first marketed integrated mouseshipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came from the resemblance of earlymodels which had a cord attached to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThefirst marketed integrated mouse shipped as a part
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Aryan Gusain at 212 PM on July 02 2008Tags created first mouse
Do you have any idea for FRANKLYN INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGE Its a spoken English Institutewhich gives Job Guarantee if anyone knows plz let me know
190A Maniktolla Main Road Kolkata-54 phone no 91-33-32401558 91-33-32428200 frankylnkkghotmailcomhi poonamur question gives an idea dat ur command on english is nt poor why u r lookingYou have heard rightFRANKLYN offers spoken english courses and there is also a lot of students pursuing courses there
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 2941
future tense (The supervisor will be back presently)[80] M-W mentions the samevintage for the sense of now and that it is not clear why it is objectionable[81]
AHD4 states that despite its use nowadays in literate speech and writing thatthere is still lingering prejudice against this use In the late 1980s only 50 of the dictionarys Usage Panel approved of the sentence General Walters is hellip
presently the United States Ambassador to the United Nations[82]
COD11 lists both usages without comment CHAMBERS merely flags the sense of now asN Amer especially US[83]
o Disputed usage I am presently reading Wikipedia
o Undisputed usage I will be finished with that activity presently
[edit] R
bull refute ndash The traditional meaning of refute is disprove or dispel with reasoned
arguments It is now often used as a synonym for deny The latter sense islisted without comment by M-W[84] and AHD4[85] while CHAMBERS tags it ascolloquial[86] COD11 states that Traditionalists object to [the use of refute asdeny] but it is now widely accepted in standard English However RH does notmention this use at all[87]
bull relatively ndash Literally meaning compared to some now use relatively to meanmoderately or somewhat AHD4 does not list this usage at all [88] M-W hasapparently blended the two usages in one[89]
o Disputed usage That man was relatively annoying
o Undisputed usage Though relatively harmless when compared to
dimethylmercury mercury (II) oxide is still quite toxic
[edit] S
bull Scotch Scots and Scottish ndash Formerly English people used Scotch whereScottish people used Scottish The current convention is as follows
o Scottish for people
o Scotch for things (especially whisky)
o Scots for institutions (Scots law Scots language)
bull
seek ndash This means look for but is used to mean try or want This usage iscriticised by Fowler in the entry Formal Words
o Disputed usage we did seek to resolve the Iraq crisis by peaceful
means those who seek to emulate his legacy of murder the Liberalsseek to undermine that future[attribution needed ]
o Undisputed usage Seek and ye shall find
[edit] T
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3041
bull than mdash Than is the subject of a longstanding dispute as to its status as a preposition or conjunction see than For the disputed construction different thansee Different
bull they mdash Prescriptivists regard this as a plural pronoun that uses a third person
plural verb conjugation (see below they show) but the word is now commonlyused especially in speech and informal writing as a non-gender-specific third- person singular pronoun (which modern English otherwise lacks) Alternativesinclude he or she and generic he Some writers argue that generic he isgeneric (as the name implies) and thus includes both sexes Others find it sexist or too old-fashioned The pronouns you or one can be used in some sentences
o Disputed usage A person is rude if they show no respect for their hosts
o Undisputed usage One is rude if one shows no respect for ones hosts
o Undisputed usage It is rude not to show respect for hosts
o Undisputed usage Many people have told me that they are satisfied with
their food
bull thusly mdash Thusly (AHD4 suggests) was originally coined by educated writers tomake fun of uneducated persons trying to sound genteel[90] Thusly howeverdiffused into popular usage Some people accept it as an adverb in its own rightwhile others believe thus should be used in all cases The word thusly appearswith no associated usage notes in M-W[91] COD11 tags it as informal with theentry thus tagged as literary or formal CHAMBERS does not list the word atall and it is unknown in British usage[92]
[edit] U
bull unique ndash Some prescriptivists argue that unique only means sole or unequaled (British spelling unequalled) but most dictionaries give a thirdmeaning unusual which can be qualified by very or somewhat as in Thetheme of the party was somewhat unique see comparison Almost unique isuniversally acceptable[citation needed ]
[edit] W
bull
whilst and while mdash Penguin Working Words recommends while only and notesthat whilst is old-fashioned Cambridge Guide to English Usage and M-WsWebsters Guide to English Usage comment on its regional character and notethat it is rare in American usage It is thus safer to use only while in internationalEnglish (See the article While for further sources deprecating the use of whilst and cautioning about uses of while)
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3141
bull who mdash Some prescriptivists argue that who should be used only as a subject pronoun the corresponding object pronoun being whom Strictly speakingusing who instead of whom is substituting a subjective pronoun for an objective pronoun and hence is the same as using she instead of her (eg I talked to she
today) Most people never use whom in spoken English and instead use who for
all cases Those who use whom in everyday speech may recognize substitution of who as substandard FOWLER has an extensive entry on who and whom
including several quotes from major publications where whom is used incorrectlyo Undisputed usage You are talking to whom
o Disputed usage You are talking to who
o Undisputed usage To whom are you talking
o Disputed usage To who are you talking
o Disputed usage far more hostile to Diana whom she believes betrayed
the Prince of WalesmdashIndependent Mag 1993 (FOWLER)o Undisputed usage far more hostile to Diana who she believes betrayed
the Prince of Wales
o Disputed usage Whom do men say that I am (Mark 927 King JamesVersion)
bull whoever mdash This extension of who (see above) along with its object formwhomever is attended by the same uncertainties as who along with whom and isdiscussed in the same sources (See the relevant section at Who)
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever wants it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever you think should have it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whomever you choose to give it
o Disputed usage Give it to whoever you choose to give it to
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever wants it
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever you think should have it
Module - Pair work - Asking questions to yourpartner
Hey
with Group 2 we first talked a little about food at the beginning of the class as awarm up And here is what we said
to be written by Franc
Then today was the first day that we worked in pairs You had to find informationabout superhero characters asking questions to your partner
Here are the two worksheets if you still need to complete them
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW you need to be able to speak about the picture of a super hero + speak about
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3241
their story + give the common points between all the super heroes presented Yourpresentation will last about 3 to 5 minutes You can send me some drafts (brouillon)if neededBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - Tale LV2
Southern Trees - beginning of the study
Hey
today we first warmed up about your future jobs while waiting for those who werelate Here is what you said
I would like to become an architect when I leave highschool (Selma)I want to study law to be a lawyer maybe ( Jeacuterocircme)
Structures WANT TO WOULD LIKE TO -- Attention aux noms de meacutetiers quisont preacuteceacutedeacutes de larticle aan
Then we did a quick recap about what Jim Crow laws used to be Here is what wesaid
bull Jim Crow Laws
These were laws about racial segregation until the end of the 1960sBlacks were not allowed to go to school with Whites
Blacks were not allowed to attend school with WhitesBlacks were forbidden to live together there were separate water
fountains rest rooms or entrances at restaurantsThey were prohibited to sit at the front of a bus
bull KKK(1865-)
white Protestantssupremacy of the white race
white costumesterrorism and violence to oppress Blacks
Finally we listened to the text and we started our general comprehesion by
highlighting the important information about the type of document the places thetime Here is what we wrote
bull Text Southern Trees
- type of doc extract from the autobiographic novel of Billie Holliday- who Billie Holliday Lewis Allen piano player of Billie Pop audience bitch
- where in New-York at Cafe Society on 52nd Street Miami Los Angeles
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3341
- when published in 1956
HW you need to finish answering the usual wh- questions about the text (inparticular about the feelings of the characters involved) You also need to divide thetext into 2 parts give them a title and justify your titles
NB you will have a vocabulary test next week with the words from the lesson andthe words from the tool box p 53 You may also have a test about the text andabout racial discrimination in the US on Wednesday It will depend on how far we areinto the study of the document Southern TreesBy English Prof
Enter comment - View comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Spiderman - Page 3
This morning with the whole class we first warmed up with why I was a little late inclass Here is what we wrote
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
Then we studied the last page from Spiderman
There was a secretary for each person that spoke about a panel Here are the notesthat we took while they were speaking
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
HW you will be able to speak about the document at the beginning of the class in arow (dun seul trait )You can download the last page here
By English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Oral tests about picture presentation + Lastsuperhero activity in pair work
Hey
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3441
today in module I asked you to speak about the picture p 152 that you had tocomment You need to improve your analysis Ill be asking other students next timeagain
Here is an example of presentation Its not perfect but its a rather good one
The document is a picture where there are two parts In the first part wecan see a white family at the bottom who is sitting in a garden They looksurprised and they are looking at the second family who feels happy and
impressed Contrary to the white family they are standing and clad with
their traditional dress Its a black family
To me the scene takes place in the USA and the goal of this picture is todenounce discrimination which treats people differently in society
The photographer aims at criticizing segregation In this photo theseparation is represented by the fence which is separating Africans from
Americans Segregation in the 20th century in America was when the Blacksand the Whites couldnt blend
To my mind this picture is a good representation of discrimination MartinLuther King and Rosa Park are the symbols of this conflict When I see somepeople wanted to change society and make people aware of these
inequalities through paintings photos speeches or parades Im grateful tothem
The picture attains its objective I like this photo because it denounces very
well the implicit problems of American society in the 20th century(by Rochella D)
Group 2 then we started a new activity about grammar on how to differentiatebetween Present Simple and Present Be + ing
You may download the documents hereyet to be uploaded
Group 1 Then we started a new activity that was initially designed by MissFernandes a colleague in the academy of Caen We first described the pictures of the superheroes
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW You need to finish the description of each picture and prepare the questions toask to your partner about the missing elements in your worksheetBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareMonday 16 november 2009
- Posted in For Fun
The Prisoner - New Series - Trailer
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3541
A new American series that you will probably LOVE Here is the trailer Looks andsounds fantastic
Exprimer le conseil en anglais
Today after taking a test on Body beauty and body parts (phonetics included) wespoke about superstitions on Friday the 13th And we discovered that Jonathansgrand-ma was extremely supersticious and that some of you believed in supernaturalthings too like Juliette who thinks her mother can read her mind or Camille RL whois sure what she says sometimes comes true Beware of the other Camille T whohas got a black cat She is certainly a witch and she may transform us all intopiglets Just kidding of course )
Here is what we said about superstitions
Today is a special day
On Friday the 13th people who are superstitious believe something terribly
bad or something awesome will happen to them
Examples of supertisions- you shouldnt be 13 around a table
- you shouldnt walk under a ladder- you shouldnt meet a black cat
- you shouldnt break a mirror- you shouldnt celebrate a birthday before
- you should wear a rabbit leg- you shouldnt walk on a line in the street
- you shouldnt cross your legs- you should touch wood when you say something bad
- you shouldnt put hats or shoes on a bed- you shouldnt open your umbrella inside
- you shouldnt put the bread upside down
Remember to express advice there are 3 very simple structures
bull should shouldnt + V
bull had better had better not + V bull ought to ought not to + V
Chocircmage unemployment
Embaucher to hire
bull by + V+ ing au moyen de en + V+ ingbull to + V pour + V (le but)
leisure loisirshigh ndash loweacuteleveacute ndash bas
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3641
ecirctre oblige de to have to + Vto lead to entraicircnerhuge immense= The work-week la semaine de travailIn France the 35 hours-work week was decided and implemented in the 1990rsquos by asocialist government ( Mrs Aubry)
Exercice de traduction 1) Les employeacutes doivent faire des heures suppleacutementairesEmployees must do long hoursEmployees have to do long hours2) Il y a de nombreuses faccedilons de trouver du travailThere are a lot of ways to find work3) Lrsquoimmense augmentation des reacuteseaux sociaux permettent aux gens decommuniquer drsquoavantageThe huge increase of social networks enables people to communicate more4) Le travail suppleacutementaire entraicircne des problegravemes de santeacute pour les hommessurmeneacutes
bull Homebull Mail
bull Photos
bull Music
bull Games + Apps
bull More
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Ask your Question in Exams Education amp References
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thornyuml
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3741
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i mDoing for Improve my english give me your best idea
Asked in Exams Education amp References at 1200 PM on October 09 2008
Tags english idea
This question is closedReport abuse
ntn jainProfile | QampA
Rate this 00
bull Latest Answers(4)
Sort by Latest | Oldest | Top-rated
English is best improved by practice and also by taking a small course to improve grammar and communication skillsThe key to practice is to read newspapers magazines and books almost regularly You can also start talking andexpressing yourself in English with your peers friends and (if possible) relatives
Writing in English is a good habit that will strengthen your expression skills as well In case you complete this all-round approach I am sure you will do well All the best
Answered by Idle Mind an ibibo Master at 409 PM on October 13 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Idle MindProfile | QampA
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you can
Answered by Rachana an ibibo Citizen at 106 PM on October 11 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3841
RachanaProfile | QampA
well ntn
its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming
future n ways ntn some tips from my side that will help yu improve yu ur english are
i Observe the mouth movements of those who speak English well and try to imitate them
When you are watching television observe the mouth movements of the speakers Repeat what they are saying whileimitating the intonation and rhythm of their speech
ii Until you learn the correct intonation and rhythm of English slow your speech down
If you speak too quickly and with the wrong intonation and rhythm native speakers will have a hard timeunderstanding you
Dont worry about your listener getting impatient with your slow speech -- it is more important that everything you say be understood
iii Listen to the music of English
Do not use the music of your native language when you speak English Each language has its own way of singing
iv Use the dictionary
Try and familiarise yourself with the phonetic symbols of your dictionary Look up the correct pronunciation of wordsthat are hard for you to say
v Make a list of frequently used words that you find difficult to pronounce and ask someone who speaks the languagewell to pronounce them for you
Record these words listen to them and practice saying them Listen and read at the same time
vi Buy books on tape
Record yourself reading some sections of the book Compare the sound of your English with that of the person readingthe book on the tape
vii Pronounce the ending of each word
Pay special attention to S and ED endings This will help you strengthen the mouth muscles that you use when youspeak English
viii Read aloud in English for 15-20 minutes every day
Research has shown it takes about three months of daily practice to develop strong mouth muscles for speaking a newlanguage
ix Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation mistakes
Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice and avoid listening to themselves speak However this is a veryimportant exercise because doing it will help you become conscious of the mistakes you are making
x Be patient
You can change the way you speak but it wont happen overnight People often expect instant results and give up toosoon You can change the way you sound if you are willing to put some effort into it
GOOD LUCK
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3941
Answered by Anant-- an ibibo Master at 133 PM on October 09 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Anant--Profile | QampA
BEST WAY ACCORDING TO ME IS READ DAILY ENGLISH NEWSPAPER IF U COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY ONE OXFORD DICTIONARY AND REFER MEANINGS AND IFU COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY MEANINGS CONVERSION OF ENGLISH TO UR MOTHER TONGUE THIS MAY TAKESOME TIME THERE WILL BE SOME IMPROVEMENT IN JUST 1 MONTH BETTER READ HINDU OR TIMES OF INDIAALL THE BEST
Answered by gyaneshwar an ibibo Citizen at 1258 PM on October 09 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
gyaneshwar Profile | QampA
Related Search
Meri english bahot hi weak haimain apni english kaise strong kar sakta hoonkis tarah fluentlyenglish bol sakta hoon
dearthe simple way to improve you english is to particehave you ever heard of the saying Parctise makes a man perfect so even when you you commit mistake try to learn from the mistake and rectify themand simple start askingquestion to people in Englishand if you want yo learn english donot fell embrace in the front of anyone and alsotry to read TIMES OF INDIAN
Posted in Self Development by naqeeb ahmar at 758 PM on March 17 2008Tags meri english bahot weak apni kaise strong sakta tarah fluently hoon
how to improve english plese tell me
to compose simple sentences in your mind when you are alone Stick on the idea you want to convey rather than thegrammar Speak to the native English speakers if possible Chatt with those in internet SearchI dont know the level of your english if you have basics the fun way of learning are english comics cartoon network in english or any english
movies comics will help you in speaking good english
Posted in Love amp Romance by Shiva Singh at 1015 PM on September 24 2008Tags improve english plese
How can i improve my Enlish speaking and writing both
their meanings and use them in your convesationListen to english newsFor writing read the books on letters essaysand storiesslowly you will get the idea of using english in your convenienceFinally findDear Ashok It is good you
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 4041
want to improve your English First and foremost thing you need is YOU All you need to do is give quality time notthe quantity Do make a conscious effort and smart work
Posted in Self Development by ashok sharma at 626 AM on October 14 2008Tags improve enlish writing
how to use GPRS in china made mob prince A960
here most of gprs settings for most of mobile service operator India to enter in your phone mannulay Here you havemanual gprs settings for vodafone hutch idea airtel bsnl airtel live airtel mobile you can enter in your phone andconfigure mannuallyManual Idea gprs Settings1 Account Name - ideaGPRS2 Username - leave Blank3 Password -leave Blank4 Homepage - httpwapideafreshcom5
Posted in Computers amp Technology by vivek soni at 145 AM on June 13 2008Tags gprs help china mad mob
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i m Doing for Improve my englishgive me your best idea
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the
pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you canwell ntn its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming future n ways ntn some tips from my sidethat will help yu improve yu ur english are i Observe
Posted in Exams Education amp References by ntn jain at 939 PM on October 13 2008Tags want improve english improve best
what is html
they want Text is what you will use English letters just like you use everyday Markup is what you will do You willwrite in plain English and then mark up what you wrote Language Some may argue that technically html is a code
but you write html in plain everyday English languageHi RockyHTML is the code behind your webpage and is whatyour browser looks for to display a webpage the way the webdesigner
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Rocky at 258 PM on May 07 2008Tags html
how I improve my english speech
and be confidentYOU CAN DOWNLOAD A LOT OF SOFTWARES FROM INTERNET IT REALLY HELPSAND ANOTHER IDEA IS TO WATCH ENGLISH CHANNELS LIKE METRO NATION NDTV GOOD TIMESAND DONT FORGET TO WATCH NDTV DISCUSSIONSget to c more english movie join times classes on english
they improvise a lotEnglish can be improved by reading booksnewspaper by discussionsThese are certain tips toimprove english
Posted in Counselling by sagar gawde at 803 PM on February 14 2008Tags improve english speech
What is the best way to enhance skills in English Which is most best website which can help tolearn English from basic to a very high class
will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin thinking in English Listening to Native Speakers as Much asPossible is the good idea to enhance your English language skills Here are someFirst of all be motivated become a
person who likes to learn English Using as many different sources methods and tools as possible will allow you tolearn faster There are many different ways
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 4141
Posted in Self Development by RAVINDRA at 644 PM on October 03 2008Tags best enhance skills website help learn english basic high
Who created the first mouse
to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThe first marketed integrated mouseshipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came from the resemblance of earlymodels which had a cord attached to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThefirst marketed integrated mouse shipped as a part
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Aryan Gusain at 212 PM on July 02 2008Tags created first mouse
Do you have any idea for FRANKLYN INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGE Its a spoken English Institutewhich gives Job Guarantee if anyone knows plz let me know
190A Maniktolla Main Road Kolkata-54 phone no 91-33-32401558 91-33-32428200 frankylnkkghotmailcomhi poonamur question gives an idea dat ur command on english is nt poor why u r lookingYou have heard rightFRANKLYN offers spoken english courses and there is also a lot of students pursuing courses there
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3041
bull than mdash Than is the subject of a longstanding dispute as to its status as a preposition or conjunction see than For the disputed construction different thansee Different
bull they mdash Prescriptivists regard this as a plural pronoun that uses a third person
plural verb conjugation (see below they show) but the word is now commonlyused especially in speech and informal writing as a non-gender-specific third- person singular pronoun (which modern English otherwise lacks) Alternativesinclude he or she and generic he Some writers argue that generic he isgeneric (as the name implies) and thus includes both sexes Others find it sexist or too old-fashioned The pronouns you or one can be used in some sentences
o Disputed usage A person is rude if they show no respect for their hosts
o Undisputed usage One is rude if one shows no respect for ones hosts
o Undisputed usage It is rude not to show respect for hosts
o Undisputed usage Many people have told me that they are satisfied with
their food
bull thusly mdash Thusly (AHD4 suggests) was originally coined by educated writers tomake fun of uneducated persons trying to sound genteel[90] Thusly howeverdiffused into popular usage Some people accept it as an adverb in its own rightwhile others believe thus should be used in all cases The word thusly appearswith no associated usage notes in M-W[91] COD11 tags it as informal with theentry thus tagged as literary or formal CHAMBERS does not list the word atall and it is unknown in British usage[92]
[edit] U
bull unique ndash Some prescriptivists argue that unique only means sole or unequaled (British spelling unequalled) but most dictionaries give a thirdmeaning unusual which can be qualified by very or somewhat as in Thetheme of the party was somewhat unique see comparison Almost unique isuniversally acceptable[citation needed ]
[edit] W
bull
whilst and while mdash Penguin Working Words recommends while only and notesthat whilst is old-fashioned Cambridge Guide to English Usage and M-WsWebsters Guide to English Usage comment on its regional character and notethat it is rare in American usage It is thus safer to use only while in internationalEnglish (See the article While for further sources deprecating the use of whilst and cautioning about uses of while)
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3141
bull who mdash Some prescriptivists argue that who should be used only as a subject pronoun the corresponding object pronoun being whom Strictly speakingusing who instead of whom is substituting a subjective pronoun for an objective pronoun and hence is the same as using she instead of her (eg I talked to she
today) Most people never use whom in spoken English and instead use who for
all cases Those who use whom in everyday speech may recognize substitution of who as substandard FOWLER has an extensive entry on who and whom
including several quotes from major publications where whom is used incorrectlyo Undisputed usage You are talking to whom
o Disputed usage You are talking to who
o Undisputed usage To whom are you talking
o Disputed usage To who are you talking
o Disputed usage far more hostile to Diana whom she believes betrayed
the Prince of WalesmdashIndependent Mag 1993 (FOWLER)o Undisputed usage far more hostile to Diana who she believes betrayed
the Prince of Wales
o Disputed usage Whom do men say that I am (Mark 927 King JamesVersion)
bull whoever mdash This extension of who (see above) along with its object formwhomever is attended by the same uncertainties as who along with whom and isdiscussed in the same sources (See the relevant section at Who)
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever wants it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever you think should have it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whomever you choose to give it
o Disputed usage Give it to whoever you choose to give it to
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever wants it
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever you think should have it
Module - Pair work - Asking questions to yourpartner
Hey
with Group 2 we first talked a little about food at the beginning of the class as awarm up And here is what we said
to be written by Franc
Then today was the first day that we worked in pairs You had to find informationabout superhero characters asking questions to your partner
Here are the two worksheets if you still need to complete them
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW you need to be able to speak about the picture of a super hero + speak about
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3241
their story + give the common points between all the super heroes presented Yourpresentation will last about 3 to 5 minutes You can send me some drafts (brouillon)if neededBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - Tale LV2
Southern Trees - beginning of the study
Hey
today we first warmed up about your future jobs while waiting for those who werelate Here is what you said
I would like to become an architect when I leave highschool (Selma)I want to study law to be a lawyer maybe ( Jeacuterocircme)
Structures WANT TO WOULD LIKE TO -- Attention aux noms de meacutetiers quisont preacuteceacutedeacutes de larticle aan
Then we did a quick recap about what Jim Crow laws used to be Here is what wesaid
bull Jim Crow Laws
These were laws about racial segregation until the end of the 1960sBlacks were not allowed to go to school with Whites
Blacks were not allowed to attend school with WhitesBlacks were forbidden to live together there were separate water
fountains rest rooms or entrances at restaurantsThey were prohibited to sit at the front of a bus
bull KKK(1865-)
white Protestantssupremacy of the white race
white costumesterrorism and violence to oppress Blacks
Finally we listened to the text and we started our general comprehesion by
highlighting the important information about the type of document the places thetime Here is what we wrote
bull Text Southern Trees
- type of doc extract from the autobiographic novel of Billie Holliday- who Billie Holliday Lewis Allen piano player of Billie Pop audience bitch
- where in New-York at Cafe Society on 52nd Street Miami Los Angeles
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3341
- when published in 1956
HW you need to finish answering the usual wh- questions about the text (inparticular about the feelings of the characters involved) You also need to divide thetext into 2 parts give them a title and justify your titles
NB you will have a vocabulary test next week with the words from the lesson andthe words from the tool box p 53 You may also have a test about the text andabout racial discrimination in the US on Wednesday It will depend on how far we areinto the study of the document Southern TreesBy English Prof
Enter comment - View comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Spiderman - Page 3
This morning with the whole class we first warmed up with why I was a little late inclass Here is what we wrote
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
Then we studied the last page from Spiderman
There was a secretary for each person that spoke about a panel Here are the notesthat we took while they were speaking
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
HW you will be able to speak about the document at the beginning of the class in arow (dun seul trait )You can download the last page here
By English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Oral tests about picture presentation + Lastsuperhero activity in pair work
Hey
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3441
today in module I asked you to speak about the picture p 152 that you had tocomment You need to improve your analysis Ill be asking other students next timeagain
Here is an example of presentation Its not perfect but its a rather good one
The document is a picture where there are two parts In the first part wecan see a white family at the bottom who is sitting in a garden They looksurprised and they are looking at the second family who feels happy and
impressed Contrary to the white family they are standing and clad with
their traditional dress Its a black family
To me the scene takes place in the USA and the goal of this picture is todenounce discrimination which treats people differently in society
The photographer aims at criticizing segregation In this photo theseparation is represented by the fence which is separating Africans from
Americans Segregation in the 20th century in America was when the Blacksand the Whites couldnt blend
To my mind this picture is a good representation of discrimination MartinLuther King and Rosa Park are the symbols of this conflict When I see somepeople wanted to change society and make people aware of these
inequalities through paintings photos speeches or parades Im grateful tothem
The picture attains its objective I like this photo because it denounces very
well the implicit problems of American society in the 20th century(by Rochella D)
Group 2 then we started a new activity about grammar on how to differentiatebetween Present Simple and Present Be + ing
You may download the documents hereyet to be uploaded
Group 1 Then we started a new activity that was initially designed by MissFernandes a colleague in the academy of Caen We first described the pictures of the superheroes
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW You need to finish the description of each picture and prepare the questions toask to your partner about the missing elements in your worksheetBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareMonday 16 november 2009
- Posted in For Fun
The Prisoner - New Series - Trailer
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3541
A new American series that you will probably LOVE Here is the trailer Looks andsounds fantastic
Exprimer le conseil en anglais
Today after taking a test on Body beauty and body parts (phonetics included) wespoke about superstitions on Friday the 13th And we discovered that Jonathansgrand-ma was extremely supersticious and that some of you believed in supernaturalthings too like Juliette who thinks her mother can read her mind or Camille RL whois sure what she says sometimes comes true Beware of the other Camille T whohas got a black cat She is certainly a witch and she may transform us all intopiglets Just kidding of course )
Here is what we said about superstitions
Today is a special day
On Friday the 13th people who are superstitious believe something terribly
bad or something awesome will happen to them
Examples of supertisions- you shouldnt be 13 around a table
- you shouldnt walk under a ladder- you shouldnt meet a black cat
- you shouldnt break a mirror- you shouldnt celebrate a birthday before
- you should wear a rabbit leg- you shouldnt walk on a line in the street
- you shouldnt cross your legs- you should touch wood when you say something bad
- you shouldnt put hats or shoes on a bed- you shouldnt open your umbrella inside
- you shouldnt put the bread upside down
Remember to express advice there are 3 very simple structures
bull should shouldnt + V
bull had better had better not + V bull ought to ought not to + V
Chocircmage unemployment
Embaucher to hire
bull by + V+ ing au moyen de en + V+ ingbull to + V pour + V (le but)
leisure loisirshigh ndash loweacuteleveacute ndash bas
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3641
ecirctre oblige de to have to + Vto lead to entraicircnerhuge immense= The work-week la semaine de travailIn France the 35 hours-work week was decided and implemented in the 1990rsquos by asocialist government ( Mrs Aubry)
Exercice de traduction 1) Les employeacutes doivent faire des heures suppleacutementairesEmployees must do long hoursEmployees have to do long hours2) Il y a de nombreuses faccedilons de trouver du travailThere are a lot of ways to find work3) Lrsquoimmense augmentation des reacuteseaux sociaux permettent aux gens decommuniquer drsquoavantageThe huge increase of social networks enables people to communicate more4) Le travail suppleacutementaire entraicircne des problegravemes de santeacute pour les hommessurmeneacutes
bull Homebull Mail
bull Photos
bull Music
bull Games + Apps
bull More
o SMS Groups
o Sawaal
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o Free SMS
o Mobile
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Sign Up Sign In
Ask your Question in Exams Education amp References
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Home Ask Question Answer Questions My QampA CategoriesAsk the experts Expert leader board
Home raquo Education raquo Exams Education ampReferences raquo Question
thornyuml
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3741
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i mDoing for Improve my english give me your best idea
Asked in Exams Education amp References at 1200 PM on October 09 2008
Tags english idea
This question is closedReport abuse
ntn jainProfile | QampA
Rate this 00
bull Latest Answers(4)
Sort by Latest | Oldest | Top-rated
English is best improved by practice and also by taking a small course to improve grammar and communication skillsThe key to practice is to read newspapers magazines and books almost regularly You can also start talking andexpressing yourself in English with your peers friends and (if possible) relatives
Writing in English is a good habit that will strengthen your expression skills as well In case you complete this all-round approach I am sure you will do well All the best
Answered by Idle Mind an ibibo Master at 409 PM on October 13 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Idle MindProfile | QampA
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you can
Answered by Rachana an ibibo Citizen at 106 PM on October 11 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3841
RachanaProfile | QampA
well ntn
its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming
future n ways ntn some tips from my side that will help yu improve yu ur english are
i Observe the mouth movements of those who speak English well and try to imitate them
When you are watching television observe the mouth movements of the speakers Repeat what they are saying whileimitating the intonation and rhythm of their speech
ii Until you learn the correct intonation and rhythm of English slow your speech down
If you speak too quickly and with the wrong intonation and rhythm native speakers will have a hard timeunderstanding you
Dont worry about your listener getting impatient with your slow speech -- it is more important that everything you say be understood
iii Listen to the music of English
Do not use the music of your native language when you speak English Each language has its own way of singing
iv Use the dictionary
Try and familiarise yourself with the phonetic symbols of your dictionary Look up the correct pronunciation of wordsthat are hard for you to say
v Make a list of frequently used words that you find difficult to pronounce and ask someone who speaks the languagewell to pronounce them for you
Record these words listen to them and practice saying them Listen and read at the same time
vi Buy books on tape
Record yourself reading some sections of the book Compare the sound of your English with that of the person readingthe book on the tape
vii Pronounce the ending of each word
Pay special attention to S and ED endings This will help you strengthen the mouth muscles that you use when youspeak English
viii Read aloud in English for 15-20 minutes every day
Research has shown it takes about three months of daily practice to develop strong mouth muscles for speaking a newlanguage
ix Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation mistakes
Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice and avoid listening to themselves speak However this is a veryimportant exercise because doing it will help you become conscious of the mistakes you are making
x Be patient
You can change the way you speak but it wont happen overnight People often expect instant results and give up toosoon You can change the way you sound if you are willing to put some effort into it
GOOD LUCK
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3941
Answered by Anant-- an ibibo Master at 133 PM on October 09 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Anant--Profile | QampA
BEST WAY ACCORDING TO ME IS READ DAILY ENGLISH NEWSPAPER IF U COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY ONE OXFORD DICTIONARY AND REFER MEANINGS AND IFU COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY MEANINGS CONVERSION OF ENGLISH TO UR MOTHER TONGUE THIS MAY TAKESOME TIME THERE WILL BE SOME IMPROVEMENT IN JUST 1 MONTH BETTER READ HINDU OR TIMES OF INDIAALL THE BEST
Answered by gyaneshwar an ibibo Citizen at 1258 PM on October 09 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
gyaneshwar Profile | QampA
Related Search
Meri english bahot hi weak haimain apni english kaise strong kar sakta hoonkis tarah fluentlyenglish bol sakta hoon
dearthe simple way to improve you english is to particehave you ever heard of the saying Parctise makes a man perfect so even when you you commit mistake try to learn from the mistake and rectify themand simple start askingquestion to people in Englishand if you want yo learn english donot fell embrace in the front of anyone and alsotry to read TIMES OF INDIAN
Posted in Self Development by naqeeb ahmar at 758 PM on March 17 2008Tags meri english bahot weak apni kaise strong sakta tarah fluently hoon
how to improve english plese tell me
to compose simple sentences in your mind when you are alone Stick on the idea you want to convey rather than thegrammar Speak to the native English speakers if possible Chatt with those in internet SearchI dont know the level of your english if you have basics the fun way of learning are english comics cartoon network in english or any english
movies comics will help you in speaking good english
Posted in Love amp Romance by Shiva Singh at 1015 PM on September 24 2008Tags improve english plese
How can i improve my Enlish speaking and writing both
their meanings and use them in your convesationListen to english newsFor writing read the books on letters essaysand storiesslowly you will get the idea of using english in your convenienceFinally findDear Ashok It is good you
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 4041
want to improve your English First and foremost thing you need is YOU All you need to do is give quality time notthe quantity Do make a conscious effort and smart work
Posted in Self Development by ashok sharma at 626 AM on October 14 2008Tags improve enlish writing
how to use GPRS in china made mob prince A960
here most of gprs settings for most of mobile service operator India to enter in your phone mannulay Here you havemanual gprs settings for vodafone hutch idea airtel bsnl airtel live airtel mobile you can enter in your phone andconfigure mannuallyManual Idea gprs Settings1 Account Name - ideaGPRS2 Username - leave Blank3 Password -leave Blank4 Homepage - httpwapideafreshcom5
Posted in Computers amp Technology by vivek soni at 145 AM on June 13 2008Tags gprs help china mad mob
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i m Doing for Improve my englishgive me your best idea
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the
pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you canwell ntn its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming future n ways ntn some tips from my sidethat will help yu improve yu ur english are i Observe
Posted in Exams Education amp References by ntn jain at 939 PM on October 13 2008Tags want improve english improve best
what is html
they want Text is what you will use English letters just like you use everyday Markup is what you will do You willwrite in plain English and then mark up what you wrote Language Some may argue that technically html is a code
but you write html in plain everyday English languageHi RockyHTML is the code behind your webpage and is whatyour browser looks for to display a webpage the way the webdesigner
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Rocky at 258 PM on May 07 2008Tags html
how I improve my english speech
and be confidentYOU CAN DOWNLOAD A LOT OF SOFTWARES FROM INTERNET IT REALLY HELPSAND ANOTHER IDEA IS TO WATCH ENGLISH CHANNELS LIKE METRO NATION NDTV GOOD TIMESAND DONT FORGET TO WATCH NDTV DISCUSSIONSget to c more english movie join times classes on english
they improvise a lotEnglish can be improved by reading booksnewspaper by discussionsThese are certain tips toimprove english
Posted in Counselling by sagar gawde at 803 PM on February 14 2008Tags improve english speech
What is the best way to enhance skills in English Which is most best website which can help tolearn English from basic to a very high class
will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin thinking in English Listening to Native Speakers as Much asPossible is the good idea to enhance your English language skills Here are someFirst of all be motivated become a
person who likes to learn English Using as many different sources methods and tools as possible will allow you tolearn faster There are many different ways
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 4141
Posted in Self Development by RAVINDRA at 644 PM on October 03 2008Tags best enhance skills website help learn english basic high
Who created the first mouse
to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThe first marketed integrated mouseshipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came from the resemblance of earlymodels which had a cord attached to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThefirst marketed integrated mouse shipped as a part
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Aryan Gusain at 212 PM on July 02 2008Tags created first mouse
Do you have any idea for FRANKLYN INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGE Its a spoken English Institutewhich gives Job Guarantee if anyone knows plz let me know
190A Maniktolla Main Road Kolkata-54 phone no 91-33-32401558 91-33-32428200 frankylnkkghotmailcomhi poonamur question gives an idea dat ur command on english is nt poor why u r lookingYou have heard rightFRANKLYN offers spoken english courses and there is also a lot of students pursuing courses there
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3141
bull who mdash Some prescriptivists argue that who should be used only as a subject pronoun the corresponding object pronoun being whom Strictly speakingusing who instead of whom is substituting a subjective pronoun for an objective pronoun and hence is the same as using she instead of her (eg I talked to she
today) Most people never use whom in spoken English and instead use who for
all cases Those who use whom in everyday speech may recognize substitution of who as substandard FOWLER has an extensive entry on who and whom
including several quotes from major publications where whom is used incorrectlyo Undisputed usage You are talking to whom
o Disputed usage You are talking to who
o Undisputed usage To whom are you talking
o Disputed usage To who are you talking
o Disputed usage far more hostile to Diana whom she believes betrayed
the Prince of WalesmdashIndependent Mag 1993 (FOWLER)o Undisputed usage far more hostile to Diana who she believes betrayed
the Prince of Wales
o Disputed usage Whom do men say that I am (Mark 927 King JamesVersion)
bull whoever mdash This extension of who (see above) along with its object formwhomever is attended by the same uncertainties as who along with whom and isdiscussed in the same sources (See the relevant section at Who)
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever wants it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whoever you think should have it
o Undisputed usage Give it to whomever you choose to give it
o Disputed usage Give it to whoever you choose to give it to
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever wants it
o Disputed usage Give it to whomever you think should have it
Module - Pair work - Asking questions to yourpartner
Hey
with Group 2 we first talked a little about food at the beginning of the class as awarm up And here is what we said
to be written by Franc
Then today was the first day that we worked in pairs You had to find informationabout superhero characters asking questions to your partner
Here are the two worksheets if you still need to complete them
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW you need to be able to speak about the picture of a super hero + speak about
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3241
their story + give the common points between all the super heroes presented Yourpresentation will last about 3 to 5 minutes You can send me some drafts (brouillon)if neededBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - Tale LV2
Southern Trees - beginning of the study
Hey
today we first warmed up about your future jobs while waiting for those who werelate Here is what you said
I would like to become an architect when I leave highschool (Selma)I want to study law to be a lawyer maybe ( Jeacuterocircme)
Structures WANT TO WOULD LIKE TO -- Attention aux noms de meacutetiers quisont preacuteceacutedeacutes de larticle aan
Then we did a quick recap about what Jim Crow laws used to be Here is what wesaid
bull Jim Crow Laws
These were laws about racial segregation until the end of the 1960sBlacks were not allowed to go to school with Whites
Blacks were not allowed to attend school with WhitesBlacks were forbidden to live together there were separate water
fountains rest rooms or entrances at restaurantsThey were prohibited to sit at the front of a bus
bull KKK(1865-)
white Protestantssupremacy of the white race
white costumesterrorism and violence to oppress Blacks
Finally we listened to the text and we started our general comprehesion by
highlighting the important information about the type of document the places thetime Here is what we wrote
bull Text Southern Trees
- type of doc extract from the autobiographic novel of Billie Holliday- who Billie Holliday Lewis Allen piano player of Billie Pop audience bitch
- where in New-York at Cafe Society on 52nd Street Miami Los Angeles
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3341
- when published in 1956
HW you need to finish answering the usual wh- questions about the text (inparticular about the feelings of the characters involved) You also need to divide thetext into 2 parts give them a title and justify your titles
NB you will have a vocabulary test next week with the words from the lesson andthe words from the tool box p 53 You may also have a test about the text andabout racial discrimination in the US on Wednesday It will depend on how far we areinto the study of the document Southern TreesBy English Prof
Enter comment - View comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Spiderman - Page 3
This morning with the whole class we first warmed up with why I was a little late inclass Here is what we wrote
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
Then we studied the last page from Spiderman
There was a secretary for each person that spoke about a panel Here are the notesthat we took while they were speaking
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
HW you will be able to speak about the document at the beginning of the class in arow (dun seul trait )You can download the last page here
By English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Oral tests about picture presentation + Lastsuperhero activity in pair work
Hey
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3441
today in module I asked you to speak about the picture p 152 that you had tocomment You need to improve your analysis Ill be asking other students next timeagain
Here is an example of presentation Its not perfect but its a rather good one
The document is a picture where there are two parts In the first part wecan see a white family at the bottom who is sitting in a garden They looksurprised and they are looking at the second family who feels happy and
impressed Contrary to the white family they are standing and clad with
their traditional dress Its a black family
To me the scene takes place in the USA and the goal of this picture is todenounce discrimination which treats people differently in society
The photographer aims at criticizing segregation In this photo theseparation is represented by the fence which is separating Africans from
Americans Segregation in the 20th century in America was when the Blacksand the Whites couldnt blend
To my mind this picture is a good representation of discrimination MartinLuther King and Rosa Park are the symbols of this conflict When I see somepeople wanted to change society and make people aware of these
inequalities through paintings photos speeches or parades Im grateful tothem
The picture attains its objective I like this photo because it denounces very
well the implicit problems of American society in the 20th century(by Rochella D)
Group 2 then we started a new activity about grammar on how to differentiatebetween Present Simple and Present Be + ing
You may download the documents hereyet to be uploaded
Group 1 Then we started a new activity that was initially designed by MissFernandes a colleague in the academy of Caen We first described the pictures of the superheroes
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW You need to finish the description of each picture and prepare the questions toask to your partner about the missing elements in your worksheetBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareMonday 16 november 2009
- Posted in For Fun
The Prisoner - New Series - Trailer
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3541
A new American series that you will probably LOVE Here is the trailer Looks andsounds fantastic
Exprimer le conseil en anglais
Today after taking a test on Body beauty and body parts (phonetics included) wespoke about superstitions on Friday the 13th And we discovered that Jonathansgrand-ma was extremely supersticious and that some of you believed in supernaturalthings too like Juliette who thinks her mother can read her mind or Camille RL whois sure what she says sometimes comes true Beware of the other Camille T whohas got a black cat She is certainly a witch and she may transform us all intopiglets Just kidding of course )
Here is what we said about superstitions
Today is a special day
On Friday the 13th people who are superstitious believe something terribly
bad or something awesome will happen to them
Examples of supertisions- you shouldnt be 13 around a table
- you shouldnt walk under a ladder- you shouldnt meet a black cat
- you shouldnt break a mirror- you shouldnt celebrate a birthday before
- you should wear a rabbit leg- you shouldnt walk on a line in the street
- you shouldnt cross your legs- you should touch wood when you say something bad
- you shouldnt put hats or shoes on a bed- you shouldnt open your umbrella inside
- you shouldnt put the bread upside down
Remember to express advice there are 3 very simple structures
bull should shouldnt + V
bull had better had better not + V bull ought to ought not to + V
Chocircmage unemployment
Embaucher to hire
bull by + V+ ing au moyen de en + V+ ingbull to + V pour + V (le but)
leisure loisirshigh ndash loweacuteleveacute ndash bas
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3641
ecirctre oblige de to have to + Vto lead to entraicircnerhuge immense= The work-week la semaine de travailIn France the 35 hours-work week was decided and implemented in the 1990rsquos by asocialist government ( Mrs Aubry)
Exercice de traduction 1) Les employeacutes doivent faire des heures suppleacutementairesEmployees must do long hoursEmployees have to do long hours2) Il y a de nombreuses faccedilons de trouver du travailThere are a lot of ways to find work3) Lrsquoimmense augmentation des reacuteseaux sociaux permettent aux gens decommuniquer drsquoavantageThe huge increase of social networks enables people to communicate more4) Le travail suppleacutementaire entraicircne des problegravemes de santeacute pour les hommessurmeneacutes
bull Homebull Mail
bull Photos
bull Music
bull Games + Apps
bull More
o SMS Groups
o Sawaal
o Instant Messenger
o Free SMS
o Mobile
o Travel
Sign Up Sign In
Ask your Question in Exams Education amp References
Character(s) remaining 160
Home Ask Question Answer Questions My QampA CategoriesAsk the experts Expert leader board
Home raquo Education raquo Exams Education ampReferences raquo Question
thornyuml
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3741
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i mDoing for Improve my english give me your best idea
Asked in Exams Education amp References at 1200 PM on October 09 2008
Tags english idea
This question is closedReport abuse
ntn jainProfile | QampA
Rate this 00
bull Latest Answers(4)
Sort by Latest | Oldest | Top-rated
English is best improved by practice and also by taking a small course to improve grammar and communication skillsThe key to practice is to read newspapers magazines and books almost regularly You can also start talking andexpressing yourself in English with your peers friends and (if possible) relatives
Writing in English is a good habit that will strengthen your expression skills as well In case you complete this all-round approach I am sure you will do well All the best
Answered by Idle Mind an ibibo Master at 409 PM on October 13 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Idle MindProfile | QampA
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you can
Answered by Rachana an ibibo Citizen at 106 PM on October 11 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3841
RachanaProfile | QampA
well ntn
its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming
future n ways ntn some tips from my side that will help yu improve yu ur english are
i Observe the mouth movements of those who speak English well and try to imitate them
When you are watching television observe the mouth movements of the speakers Repeat what they are saying whileimitating the intonation and rhythm of their speech
ii Until you learn the correct intonation and rhythm of English slow your speech down
If you speak too quickly and with the wrong intonation and rhythm native speakers will have a hard timeunderstanding you
Dont worry about your listener getting impatient with your slow speech -- it is more important that everything you say be understood
iii Listen to the music of English
Do not use the music of your native language when you speak English Each language has its own way of singing
iv Use the dictionary
Try and familiarise yourself with the phonetic symbols of your dictionary Look up the correct pronunciation of wordsthat are hard for you to say
v Make a list of frequently used words that you find difficult to pronounce and ask someone who speaks the languagewell to pronounce them for you
Record these words listen to them and practice saying them Listen and read at the same time
vi Buy books on tape
Record yourself reading some sections of the book Compare the sound of your English with that of the person readingthe book on the tape
vii Pronounce the ending of each word
Pay special attention to S and ED endings This will help you strengthen the mouth muscles that you use when youspeak English
viii Read aloud in English for 15-20 minutes every day
Research has shown it takes about three months of daily practice to develop strong mouth muscles for speaking a newlanguage
ix Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation mistakes
Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice and avoid listening to themselves speak However this is a veryimportant exercise because doing it will help you become conscious of the mistakes you are making
x Be patient
You can change the way you speak but it wont happen overnight People often expect instant results and give up toosoon You can change the way you sound if you are willing to put some effort into it
GOOD LUCK
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3941
Answered by Anant-- an ibibo Master at 133 PM on October 09 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Anant--Profile | QampA
BEST WAY ACCORDING TO ME IS READ DAILY ENGLISH NEWSPAPER IF U COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY ONE OXFORD DICTIONARY AND REFER MEANINGS AND IFU COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY MEANINGS CONVERSION OF ENGLISH TO UR MOTHER TONGUE THIS MAY TAKESOME TIME THERE WILL BE SOME IMPROVEMENT IN JUST 1 MONTH BETTER READ HINDU OR TIMES OF INDIAALL THE BEST
Answered by gyaneshwar an ibibo Citizen at 1258 PM on October 09 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
gyaneshwar Profile | QampA
Related Search
Meri english bahot hi weak haimain apni english kaise strong kar sakta hoonkis tarah fluentlyenglish bol sakta hoon
dearthe simple way to improve you english is to particehave you ever heard of the saying Parctise makes a man perfect so even when you you commit mistake try to learn from the mistake and rectify themand simple start askingquestion to people in Englishand if you want yo learn english donot fell embrace in the front of anyone and alsotry to read TIMES OF INDIAN
Posted in Self Development by naqeeb ahmar at 758 PM on March 17 2008Tags meri english bahot weak apni kaise strong sakta tarah fluently hoon
how to improve english plese tell me
to compose simple sentences in your mind when you are alone Stick on the idea you want to convey rather than thegrammar Speak to the native English speakers if possible Chatt with those in internet SearchI dont know the level of your english if you have basics the fun way of learning are english comics cartoon network in english or any english
movies comics will help you in speaking good english
Posted in Love amp Romance by Shiva Singh at 1015 PM on September 24 2008Tags improve english plese
How can i improve my Enlish speaking and writing both
their meanings and use them in your convesationListen to english newsFor writing read the books on letters essaysand storiesslowly you will get the idea of using english in your convenienceFinally findDear Ashok It is good you
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 4041
want to improve your English First and foremost thing you need is YOU All you need to do is give quality time notthe quantity Do make a conscious effort and smart work
Posted in Self Development by ashok sharma at 626 AM on October 14 2008Tags improve enlish writing
how to use GPRS in china made mob prince A960
here most of gprs settings for most of mobile service operator India to enter in your phone mannulay Here you havemanual gprs settings for vodafone hutch idea airtel bsnl airtel live airtel mobile you can enter in your phone andconfigure mannuallyManual Idea gprs Settings1 Account Name - ideaGPRS2 Username - leave Blank3 Password -leave Blank4 Homepage - httpwapideafreshcom5
Posted in Computers amp Technology by vivek soni at 145 AM on June 13 2008Tags gprs help china mad mob
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i m Doing for Improve my englishgive me your best idea
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the
pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you canwell ntn its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming future n ways ntn some tips from my sidethat will help yu improve yu ur english are i Observe
Posted in Exams Education amp References by ntn jain at 939 PM on October 13 2008Tags want improve english improve best
what is html
they want Text is what you will use English letters just like you use everyday Markup is what you will do You willwrite in plain English and then mark up what you wrote Language Some may argue that technically html is a code
but you write html in plain everyday English languageHi RockyHTML is the code behind your webpage and is whatyour browser looks for to display a webpage the way the webdesigner
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Rocky at 258 PM on May 07 2008Tags html
how I improve my english speech
and be confidentYOU CAN DOWNLOAD A LOT OF SOFTWARES FROM INTERNET IT REALLY HELPSAND ANOTHER IDEA IS TO WATCH ENGLISH CHANNELS LIKE METRO NATION NDTV GOOD TIMESAND DONT FORGET TO WATCH NDTV DISCUSSIONSget to c more english movie join times classes on english
they improvise a lotEnglish can be improved by reading booksnewspaper by discussionsThese are certain tips toimprove english
Posted in Counselling by sagar gawde at 803 PM on February 14 2008Tags improve english speech
What is the best way to enhance skills in English Which is most best website which can help tolearn English from basic to a very high class
will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin thinking in English Listening to Native Speakers as Much asPossible is the good idea to enhance your English language skills Here are someFirst of all be motivated become a
person who likes to learn English Using as many different sources methods and tools as possible will allow you tolearn faster There are many different ways
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 4141
Posted in Self Development by RAVINDRA at 644 PM on October 03 2008Tags best enhance skills website help learn english basic high
Who created the first mouse
to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThe first marketed integrated mouseshipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came from the resemblance of earlymodels which had a cord attached to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThefirst marketed integrated mouse shipped as a part
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Aryan Gusain at 212 PM on July 02 2008Tags created first mouse
Do you have any idea for FRANKLYN INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGE Its a spoken English Institutewhich gives Job Guarantee if anyone knows plz let me know
190A Maniktolla Main Road Kolkata-54 phone no 91-33-32401558 91-33-32428200 frankylnkkghotmailcomhi poonamur question gives an idea dat ur command on english is nt poor why u r lookingYou have heard rightFRANKLYN offers spoken english courses and there is also a lot of students pursuing courses there
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3241
their story + give the common points between all the super heroes presented Yourpresentation will last about 3 to 5 minutes You can send me some drafts (brouillon)if neededBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - Tale LV2
Southern Trees - beginning of the study
Hey
today we first warmed up about your future jobs while waiting for those who werelate Here is what you said
I would like to become an architect when I leave highschool (Selma)I want to study law to be a lawyer maybe ( Jeacuterocircme)
Structures WANT TO WOULD LIKE TO -- Attention aux noms de meacutetiers quisont preacuteceacutedeacutes de larticle aan
Then we did a quick recap about what Jim Crow laws used to be Here is what wesaid
bull Jim Crow Laws
These were laws about racial segregation until the end of the 1960sBlacks were not allowed to go to school with Whites
Blacks were not allowed to attend school with WhitesBlacks were forbidden to live together there were separate water
fountains rest rooms or entrances at restaurantsThey were prohibited to sit at the front of a bus
bull KKK(1865-)
white Protestantssupremacy of the white race
white costumesterrorism and violence to oppress Blacks
Finally we listened to the text and we started our general comprehesion by
highlighting the important information about the type of document the places thetime Here is what we wrote
bull Text Southern Trees
- type of doc extract from the autobiographic novel of Billie Holliday- who Billie Holliday Lewis Allen piano player of Billie Pop audience bitch
- where in New-York at Cafe Society on 52nd Street Miami Los Angeles
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3341
- when published in 1956
HW you need to finish answering the usual wh- questions about the text (inparticular about the feelings of the characters involved) You also need to divide thetext into 2 parts give them a title and justify your titles
NB you will have a vocabulary test next week with the words from the lesson andthe words from the tool box p 53 You may also have a test about the text andabout racial discrimination in the US on Wednesday It will depend on how far we areinto the study of the document Southern TreesBy English Prof
Enter comment - View comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Spiderman - Page 3
This morning with the whole class we first warmed up with why I was a little late inclass Here is what we wrote
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
Then we studied the last page from Spiderman
There was a secretary for each person that spoke about a panel Here are the notesthat we took while they were speaking
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
HW you will be able to speak about the document at the beginning of the class in arow (dun seul trait )You can download the last page here
By English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Oral tests about picture presentation + Lastsuperhero activity in pair work
Hey
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3441
today in module I asked you to speak about the picture p 152 that you had tocomment You need to improve your analysis Ill be asking other students next timeagain
Here is an example of presentation Its not perfect but its a rather good one
The document is a picture where there are two parts In the first part wecan see a white family at the bottom who is sitting in a garden They looksurprised and they are looking at the second family who feels happy and
impressed Contrary to the white family they are standing and clad with
their traditional dress Its a black family
To me the scene takes place in the USA and the goal of this picture is todenounce discrimination which treats people differently in society
The photographer aims at criticizing segregation In this photo theseparation is represented by the fence which is separating Africans from
Americans Segregation in the 20th century in America was when the Blacksand the Whites couldnt blend
To my mind this picture is a good representation of discrimination MartinLuther King and Rosa Park are the symbols of this conflict When I see somepeople wanted to change society and make people aware of these
inequalities through paintings photos speeches or parades Im grateful tothem
The picture attains its objective I like this photo because it denounces very
well the implicit problems of American society in the 20th century(by Rochella D)
Group 2 then we started a new activity about grammar on how to differentiatebetween Present Simple and Present Be + ing
You may download the documents hereyet to be uploaded
Group 1 Then we started a new activity that was initially designed by MissFernandes a colleague in the academy of Caen We first described the pictures of the superheroes
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW You need to finish the description of each picture and prepare the questions toask to your partner about the missing elements in your worksheetBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareMonday 16 november 2009
- Posted in For Fun
The Prisoner - New Series - Trailer
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3541
A new American series that you will probably LOVE Here is the trailer Looks andsounds fantastic
Exprimer le conseil en anglais
Today after taking a test on Body beauty and body parts (phonetics included) wespoke about superstitions on Friday the 13th And we discovered that Jonathansgrand-ma was extremely supersticious and that some of you believed in supernaturalthings too like Juliette who thinks her mother can read her mind or Camille RL whois sure what she says sometimes comes true Beware of the other Camille T whohas got a black cat She is certainly a witch and she may transform us all intopiglets Just kidding of course )
Here is what we said about superstitions
Today is a special day
On Friday the 13th people who are superstitious believe something terribly
bad or something awesome will happen to them
Examples of supertisions- you shouldnt be 13 around a table
- you shouldnt walk under a ladder- you shouldnt meet a black cat
- you shouldnt break a mirror- you shouldnt celebrate a birthday before
- you should wear a rabbit leg- you shouldnt walk on a line in the street
- you shouldnt cross your legs- you should touch wood when you say something bad
- you shouldnt put hats or shoes on a bed- you shouldnt open your umbrella inside
- you shouldnt put the bread upside down
Remember to express advice there are 3 very simple structures
bull should shouldnt + V
bull had better had better not + V bull ought to ought not to + V
Chocircmage unemployment
Embaucher to hire
bull by + V+ ing au moyen de en + V+ ingbull to + V pour + V (le but)
leisure loisirshigh ndash loweacuteleveacute ndash bas
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3641
ecirctre oblige de to have to + Vto lead to entraicircnerhuge immense= The work-week la semaine de travailIn France the 35 hours-work week was decided and implemented in the 1990rsquos by asocialist government ( Mrs Aubry)
Exercice de traduction 1) Les employeacutes doivent faire des heures suppleacutementairesEmployees must do long hoursEmployees have to do long hours2) Il y a de nombreuses faccedilons de trouver du travailThere are a lot of ways to find work3) Lrsquoimmense augmentation des reacuteseaux sociaux permettent aux gens decommuniquer drsquoavantageThe huge increase of social networks enables people to communicate more4) Le travail suppleacutementaire entraicircne des problegravemes de santeacute pour les hommessurmeneacutes
bull Homebull Mail
bull Photos
bull Music
bull Games + Apps
bull More
o SMS Groups
o Sawaal
o Instant Messenger
o Free SMS
o Mobile
o Travel
Sign Up Sign In
Ask your Question in Exams Education amp References
Character(s) remaining 160
Home Ask Question Answer Questions My QampA CategoriesAsk the experts Expert leader board
Home raquo Education raquo Exams Education ampReferences raquo Question
thornyuml
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3741
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i mDoing for Improve my english give me your best idea
Asked in Exams Education amp References at 1200 PM on October 09 2008
Tags english idea
This question is closedReport abuse
ntn jainProfile | QampA
Rate this 00
bull Latest Answers(4)
Sort by Latest | Oldest | Top-rated
English is best improved by practice and also by taking a small course to improve grammar and communication skillsThe key to practice is to read newspapers magazines and books almost regularly You can also start talking andexpressing yourself in English with your peers friends and (if possible) relatives
Writing in English is a good habit that will strengthen your expression skills as well In case you complete this all-round approach I am sure you will do well All the best
Answered by Idle Mind an ibibo Master at 409 PM on October 13 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Idle MindProfile | QampA
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you can
Answered by Rachana an ibibo Citizen at 106 PM on October 11 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3841
RachanaProfile | QampA
well ntn
its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming
future n ways ntn some tips from my side that will help yu improve yu ur english are
i Observe the mouth movements of those who speak English well and try to imitate them
When you are watching television observe the mouth movements of the speakers Repeat what they are saying whileimitating the intonation and rhythm of their speech
ii Until you learn the correct intonation and rhythm of English slow your speech down
If you speak too quickly and with the wrong intonation and rhythm native speakers will have a hard timeunderstanding you
Dont worry about your listener getting impatient with your slow speech -- it is more important that everything you say be understood
iii Listen to the music of English
Do not use the music of your native language when you speak English Each language has its own way of singing
iv Use the dictionary
Try and familiarise yourself with the phonetic symbols of your dictionary Look up the correct pronunciation of wordsthat are hard for you to say
v Make a list of frequently used words that you find difficult to pronounce and ask someone who speaks the languagewell to pronounce them for you
Record these words listen to them and practice saying them Listen and read at the same time
vi Buy books on tape
Record yourself reading some sections of the book Compare the sound of your English with that of the person readingthe book on the tape
vii Pronounce the ending of each word
Pay special attention to S and ED endings This will help you strengthen the mouth muscles that you use when youspeak English
viii Read aloud in English for 15-20 minutes every day
Research has shown it takes about three months of daily practice to develop strong mouth muscles for speaking a newlanguage
ix Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation mistakes
Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice and avoid listening to themselves speak However this is a veryimportant exercise because doing it will help you become conscious of the mistakes you are making
x Be patient
You can change the way you speak but it wont happen overnight People often expect instant results and give up toosoon You can change the way you sound if you are willing to put some effort into it
GOOD LUCK
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3941
Answered by Anant-- an ibibo Master at 133 PM on October 09 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Anant--Profile | QampA
BEST WAY ACCORDING TO ME IS READ DAILY ENGLISH NEWSPAPER IF U COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY ONE OXFORD DICTIONARY AND REFER MEANINGS AND IFU COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY MEANINGS CONVERSION OF ENGLISH TO UR MOTHER TONGUE THIS MAY TAKESOME TIME THERE WILL BE SOME IMPROVEMENT IN JUST 1 MONTH BETTER READ HINDU OR TIMES OF INDIAALL THE BEST
Answered by gyaneshwar an ibibo Citizen at 1258 PM on October 09 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
gyaneshwar Profile | QampA
Related Search
Meri english bahot hi weak haimain apni english kaise strong kar sakta hoonkis tarah fluentlyenglish bol sakta hoon
dearthe simple way to improve you english is to particehave you ever heard of the saying Parctise makes a man perfect so even when you you commit mistake try to learn from the mistake and rectify themand simple start askingquestion to people in Englishand if you want yo learn english donot fell embrace in the front of anyone and alsotry to read TIMES OF INDIAN
Posted in Self Development by naqeeb ahmar at 758 PM on March 17 2008Tags meri english bahot weak apni kaise strong sakta tarah fluently hoon
how to improve english plese tell me
to compose simple sentences in your mind when you are alone Stick on the idea you want to convey rather than thegrammar Speak to the native English speakers if possible Chatt with those in internet SearchI dont know the level of your english if you have basics the fun way of learning are english comics cartoon network in english or any english
movies comics will help you in speaking good english
Posted in Love amp Romance by Shiva Singh at 1015 PM on September 24 2008Tags improve english plese
How can i improve my Enlish speaking and writing both
their meanings and use them in your convesationListen to english newsFor writing read the books on letters essaysand storiesslowly you will get the idea of using english in your convenienceFinally findDear Ashok It is good you
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 4041
want to improve your English First and foremost thing you need is YOU All you need to do is give quality time notthe quantity Do make a conscious effort and smart work
Posted in Self Development by ashok sharma at 626 AM on October 14 2008Tags improve enlish writing
how to use GPRS in china made mob prince A960
here most of gprs settings for most of mobile service operator India to enter in your phone mannulay Here you havemanual gprs settings for vodafone hutch idea airtel bsnl airtel live airtel mobile you can enter in your phone andconfigure mannuallyManual Idea gprs Settings1 Account Name - ideaGPRS2 Username - leave Blank3 Password -leave Blank4 Homepage - httpwapideafreshcom5
Posted in Computers amp Technology by vivek soni at 145 AM on June 13 2008Tags gprs help china mad mob
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i m Doing for Improve my englishgive me your best idea
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the
pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you canwell ntn its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming future n ways ntn some tips from my sidethat will help yu improve yu ur english are i Observe
Posted in Exams Education amp References by ntn jain at 939 PM on October 13 2008Tags want improve english improve best
what is html
they want Text is what you will use English letters just like you use everyday Markup is what you will do You willwrite in plain English and then mark up what you wrote Language Some may argue that technically html is a code
but you write html in plain everyday English languageHi RockyHTML is the code behind your webpage and is whatyour browser looks for to display a webpage the way the webdesigner
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Rocky at 258 PM on May 07 2008Tags html
how I improve my english speech
and be confidentYOU CAN DOWNLOAD A LOT OF SOFTWARES FROM INTERNET IT REALLY HELPSAND ANOTHER IDEA IS TO WATCH ENGLISH CHANNELS LIKE METRO NATION NDTV GOOD TIMESAND DONT FORGET TO WATCH NDTV DISCUSSIONSget to c more english movie join times classes on english
they improvise a lotEnglish can be improved by reading booksnewspaper by discussionsThese are certain tips toimprove english
Posted in Counselling by sagar gawde at 803 PM on February 14 2008Tags improve english speech
What is the best way to enhance skills in English Which is most best website which can help tolearn English from basic to a very high class
will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin thinking in English Listening to Native Speakers as Much asPossible is the good idea to enhance your English language skills Here are someFirst of all be motivated become a
person who likes to learn English Using as many different sources methods and tools as possible will allow you tolearn faster There are many different ways
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 4141
Posted in Self Development by RAVINDRA at 644 PM on October 03 2008Tags best enhance skills website help learn english basic high
Who created the first mouse
to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThe first marketed integrated mouseshipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came from the resemblance of earlymodels which had a cord attached to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThefirst marketed integrated mouse shipped as a part
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Aryan Gusain at 212 PM on July 02 2008Tags created first mouse
Do you have any idea for FRANKLYN INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGE Its a spoken English Institutewhich gives Job Guarantee if anyone knows plz let me know
190A Maniktolla Main Road Kolkata-54 phone no 91-33-32401558 91-33-32428200 frankylnkkghotmailcomhi poonamur question gives an idea dat ur command on english is nt poor why u r lookingYou have heard rightFRANKLYN offers spoken english courses and there is also a lot of students pursuing courses there
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3341
- when published in 1956
HW you need to finish answering the usual wh- questions about the text (inparticular about the feelings of the characters involved) You also need to divide thetext into 2 parts give them a title and justify your titles
NB you will have a vocabulary test next week with the words from the lesson andthe words from the tool box p 53 You may also have a test about the text andabout racial discrimination in the US on Wednesday It will depend on how far we areinto the study of the document Southern TreesBy English Prof
Enter comment - View comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Spiderman - Page 3
This morning with the whole class we first warmed up with why I was a little late inclass Here is what we wrote
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
Then we studied the last page from Spiderman
There was a secretary for each person that spoke about a panel Here are the notesthat we took while they were speaking
to be sent by Romain Ferjule
HW you will be able to speak about the document at the beginning of the class in arow (dun seul trait )You can download the last page here
By English Prof
Enter comment - ShareTuesday 17 november 2009
- Posted in 2009-2010 - 2nde 2
Oral tests about picture presentation + Lastsuperhero activity in pair work
Hey
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3441
today in module I asked you to speak about the picture p 152 that you had tocomment You need to improve your analysis Ill be asking other students next timeagain
Here is an example of presentation Its not perfect but its a rather good one
The document is a picture where there are two parts In the first part wecan see a white family at the bottom who is sitting in a garden They looksurprised and they are looking at the second family who feels happy and
impressed Contrary to the white family they are standing and clad with
their traditional dress Its a black family
To me the scene takes place in the USA and the goal of this picture is todenounce discrimination which treats people differently in society
The photographer aims at criticizing segregation In this photo theseparation is represented by the fence which is separating Africans from
Americans Segregation in the 20th century in America was when the Blacksand the Whites couldnt blend
To my mind this picture is a good representation of discrimination MartinLuther King and Rosa Park are the symbols of this conflict When I see somepeople wanted to change society and make people aware of these
inequalities through paintings photos speeches or parades Im grateful tothem
The picture attains its objective I like this photo because it denounces very
well the implicit problems of American society in the 20th century(by Rochella D)
Group 2 then we started a new activity about grammar on how to differentiatebetween Present Simple and Present Be + ing
You may download the documents hereyet to be uploaded
Group 1 Then we started a new activity that was initially designed by MissFernandes a colleague in the academy of Caen We first described the pictures of the superheroes
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW You need to finish the description of each picture and prepare the questions toask to your partner about the missing elements in your worksheetBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareMonday 16 november 2009
- Posted in For Fun
The Prisoner - New Series - Trailer
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3541
A new American series that you will probably LOVE Here is the trailer Looks andsounds fantastic
Exprimer le conseil en anglais
Today after taking a test on Body beauty and body parts (phonetics included) wespoke about superstitions on Friday the 13th And we discovered that Jonathansgrand-ma was extremely supersticious and that some of you believed in supernaturalthings too like Juliette who thinks her mother can read her mind or Camille RL whois sure what she says sometimes comes true Beware of the other Camille T whohas got a black cat She is certainly a witch and she may transform us all intopiglets Just kidding of course )
Here is what we said about superstitions
Today is a special day
On Friday the 13th people who are superstitious believe something terribly
bad or something awesome will happen to them
Examples of supertisions- you shouldnt be 13 around a table
- you shouldnt walk under a ladder- you shouldnt meet a black cat
- you shouldnt break a mirror- you shouldnt celebrate a birthday before
- you should wear a rabbit leg- you shouldnt walk on a line in the street
- you shouldnt cross your legs- you should touch wood when you say something bad
- you shouldnt put hats or shoes on a bed- you shouldnt open your umbrella inside
- you shouldnt put the bread upside down
Remember to express advice there are 3 very simple structures
bull should shouldnt + V
bull had better had better not + V bull ought to ought not to + V
Chocircmage unemployment
Embaucher to hire
bull by + V+ ing au moyen de en + V+ ingbull to + V pour + V (le but)
leisure loisirshigh ndash loweacuteleveacute ndash bas
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3641
ecirctre oblige de to have to + Vto lead to entraicircnerhuge immense= The work-week la semaine de travailIn France the 35 hours-work week was decided and implemented in the 1990rsquos by asocialist government ( Mrs Aubry)
Exercice de traduction 1) Les employeacutes doivent faire des heures suppleacutementairesEmployees must do long hoursEmployees have to do long hours2) Il y a de nombreuses faccedilons de trouver du travailThere are a lot of ways to find work3) Lrsquoimmense augmentation des reacuteseaux sociaux permettent aux gens decommuniquer drsquoavantageThe huge increase of social networks enables people to communicate more4) Le travail suppleacutementaire entraicircne des problegravemes de santeacute pour les hommessurmeneacutes
bull Homebull Mail
bull Photos
bull Music
bull Games + Apps
bull More
o SMS Groups
o Sawaal
o Instant Messenger
o Free SMS
o Mobile
o Travel
Sign Up Sign In
Ask your Question in Exams Education amp References
Character(s) remaining 160
Home Ask Question Answer Questions My QampA CategoriesAsk the experts Expert leader board
Home raquo Education raquo Exams Education ampReferences raquo Question
thornyuml
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3741
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i mDoing for Improve my english give me your best idea
Asked in Exams Education amp References at 1200 PM on October 09 2008
Tags english idea
This question is closedReport abuse
ntn jainProfile | QampA
Rate this 00
bull Latest Answers(4)
Sort by Latest | Oldest | Top-rated
English is best improved by practice and also by taking a small course to improve grammar and communication skillsThe key to practice is to read newspapers magazines and books almost regularly You can also start talking andexpressing yourself in English with your peers friends and (if possible) relatives
Writing in English is a good habit that will strengthen your expression skills as well In case you complete this all-round approach I am sure you will do well All the best
Answered by Idle Mind an ibibo Master at 409 PM on October 13 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Idle MindProfile | QampA
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you can
Answered by Rachana an ibibo Citizen at 106 PM on October 11 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3841
RachanaProfile | QampA
well ntn
its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming
future n ways ntn some tips from my side that will help yu improve yu ur english are
i Observe the mouth movements of those who speak English well and try to imitate them
When you are watching television observe the mouth movements of the speakers Repeat what they are saying whileimitating the intonation and rhythm of their speech
ii Until you learn the correct intonation and rhythm of English slow your speech down
If you speak too quickly and with the wrong intonation and rhythm native speakers will have a hard timeunderstanding you
Dont worry about your listener getting impatient with your slow speech -- it is more important that everything you say be understood
iii Listen to the music of English
Do not use the music of your native language when you speak English Each language has its own way of singing
iv Use the dictionary
Try and familiarise yourself with the phonetic symbols of your dictionary Look up the correct pronunciation of wordsthat are hard for you to say
v Make a list of frequently used words that you find difficult to pronounce and ask someone who speaks the languagewell to pronounce them for you
Record these words listen to them and practice saying them Listen and read at the same time
vi Buy books on tape
Record yourself reading some sections of the book Compare the sound of your English with that of the person readingthe book on the tape
vii Pronounce the ending of each word
Pay special attention to S and ED endings This will help you strengthen the mouth muscles that you use when youspeak English
viii Read aloud in English for 15-20 minutes every day
Research has shown it takes about three months of daily practice to develop strong mouth muscles for speaking a newlanguage
ix Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation mistakes
Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice and avoid listening to themselves speak However this is a veryimportant exercise because doing it will help you become conscious of the mistakes you are making
x Be patient
You can change the way you speak but it wont happen overnight People often expect instant results and give up toosoon You can change the way you sound if you are willing to put some effort into it
GOOD LUCK
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3941
Answered by Anant-- an ibibo Master at 133 PM on October 09 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Anant--Profile | QampA
BEST WAY ACCORDING TO ME IS READ DAILY ENGLISH NEWSPAPER IF U COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY ONE OXFORD DICTIONARY AND REFER MEANINGS AND IFU COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY MEANINGS CONVERSION OF ENGLISH TO UR MOTHER TONGUE THIS MAY TAKESOME TIME THERE WILL BE SOME IMPROVEMENT IN JUST 1 MONTH BETTER READ HINDU OR TIMES OF INDIAALL THE BEST
Answered by gyaneshwar an ibibo Citizen at 1258 PM on October 09 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
gyaneshwar Profile | QampA
Related Search
Meri english bahot hi weak haimain apni english kaise strong kar sakta hoonkis tarah fluentlyenglish bol sakta hoon
dearthe simple way to improve you english is to particehave you ever heard of the saying Parctise makes a man perfect so even when you you commit mistake try to learn from the mistake and rectify themand simple start askingquestion to people in Englishand if you want yo learn english donot fell embrace in the front of anyone and alsotry to read TIMES OF INDIAN
Posted in Self Development by naqeeb ahmar at 758 PM on March 17 2008Tags meri english bahot weak apni kaise strong sakta tarah fluently hoon
how to improve english plese tell me
to compose simple sentences in your mind when you are alone Stick on the idea you want to convey rather than thegrammar Speak to the native English speakers if possible Chatt with those in internet SearchI dont know the level of your english if you have basics the fun way of learning are english comics cartoon network in english or any english
movies comics will help you in speaking good english
Posted in Love amp Romance by Shiva Singh at 1015 PM on September 24 2008Tags improve english plese
How can i improve my Enlish speaking and writing both
their meanings and use them in your convesationListen to english newsFor writing read the books on letters essaysand storiesslowly you will get the idea of using english in your convenienceFinally findDear Ashok It is good you
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 4041
want to improve your English First and foremost thing you need is YOU All you need to do is give quality time notthe quantity Do make a conscious effort and smart work
Posted in Self Development by ashok sharma at 626 AM on October 14 2008Tags improve enlish writing
how to use GPRS in china made mob prince A960
here most of gprs settings for most of mobile service operator India to enter in your phone mannulay Here you havemanual gprs settings for vodafone hutch idea airtel bsnl airtel live airtel mobile you can enter in your phone andconfigure mannuallyManual Idea gprs Settings1 Account Name - ideaGPRS2 Username - leave Blank3 Password -leave Blank4 Homepage - httpwapideafreshcom5
Posted in Computers amp Technology by vivek soni at 145 AM on June 13 2008Tags gprs help china mad mob
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i m Doing for Improve my englishgive me your best idea
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the
pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you canwell ntn its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming future n ways ntn some tips from my sidethat will help yu improve yu ur english are i Observe
Posted in Exams Education amp References by ntn jain at 939 PM on October 13 2008Tags want improve english improve best
what is html
they want Text is what you will use English letters just like you use everyday Markup is what you will do You willwrite in plain English and then mark up what you wrote Language Some may argue that technically html is a code
but you write html in plain everyday English languageHi RockyHTML is the code behind your webpage and is whatyour browser looks for to display a webpage the way the webdesigner
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Rocky at 258 PM on May 07 2008Tags html
how I improve my english speech
and be confidentYOU CAN DOWNLOAD A LOT OF SOFTWARES FROM INTERNET IT REALLY HELPSAND ANOTHER IDEA IS TO WATCH ENGLISH CHANNELS LIKE METRO NATION NDTV GOOD TIMESAND DONT FORGET TO WATCH NDTV DISCUSSIONSget to c more english movie join times classes on english
they improvise a lotEnglish can be improved by reading booksnewspaper by discussionsThese are certain tips toimprove english
Posted in Counselling by sagar gawde at 803 PM on February 14 2008Tags improve english speech
What is the best way to enhance skills in English Which is most best website which can help tolearn English from basic to a very high class
will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin thinking in English Listening to Native Speakers as Much asPossible is the good idea to enhance your English language skills Here are someFirst of all be motivated become a
person who likes to learn English Using as many different sources methods and tools as possible will allow you tolearn faster There are many different ways
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 4141
Posted in Self Development by RAVINDRA at 644 PM on October 03 2008Tags best enhance skills website help learn english basic high
Who created the first mouse
to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThe first marketed integrated mouseshipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came from the resemblance of earlymodels which had a cord attached to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThefirst marketed integrated mouse shipped as a part
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Aryan Gusain at 212 PM on July 02 2008Tags created first mouse
Do you have any idea for FRANKLYN INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGE Its a spoken English Institutewhich gives Job Guarantee if anyone knows plz let me know
190A Maniktolla Main Road Kolkata-54 phone no 91-33-32401558 91-33-32428200 frankylnkkghotmailcomhi poonamur question gives an idea dat ur command on english is nt poor why u r lookingYou have heard rightFRANKLYN offers spoken english courses and there is also a lot of students pursuing courses there
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3441
today in module I asked you to speak about the picture p 152 that you had tocomment You need to improve your analysis Ill be asking other students next timeagain
Here is an example of presentation Its not perfect but its a rather good one
The document is a picture where there are two parts In the first part wecan see a white family at the bottom who is sitting in a garden They looksurprised and they are looking at the second family who feels happy and
impressed Contrary to the white family they are standing and clad with
their traditional dress Its a black family
To me the scene takes place in the USA and the goal of this picture is todenounce discrimination which treats people differently in society
The photographer aims at criticizing segregation In this photo theseparation is represented by the fence which is separating Africans from
Americans Segregation in the 20th century in America was when the Blacksand the Whites couldnt blend
To my mind this picture is a good representation of discrimination MartinLuther King and Rosa Park are the symbols of this conflict When I see somepeople wanted to change society and make people aware of these
inequalities through paintings photos speeches or parades Im grateful tothem
The picture attains its objective I like this photo because it denounces very
well the implicit problems of American society in the 20th century(by Rochella D)
Group 2 then we started a new activity about grammar on how to differentiatebetween Present Simple and Present Be + ing
You may download the documents hereyet to be uploaded
Group 1 Then we started a new activity that was initially designed by MissFernandes a colleague in the academy of Caen We first described the pictures of the superheroes
Worksheet for student A
Worksheet for student B
HW You need to finish the description of each picture and prepare the questions toask to your partner about the missing elements in your worksheetBy English Prof
Enter comment - ShareMonday 16 november 2009
- Posted in For Fun
The Prisoner - New Series - Trailer
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3541
A new American series that you will probably LOVE Here is the trailer Looks andsounds fantastic
Exprimer le conseil en anglais
Today after taking a test on Body beauty and body parts (phonetics included) wespoke about superstitions on Friday the 13th And we discovered that Jonathansgrand-ma was extremely supersticious and that some of you believed in supernaturalthings too like Juliette who thinks her mother can read her mind or Camille RL whois sure what she says sometimes comes true Beware of the other Camille T whohas got a black cat She is certainly a witch and she may transform us all intopiglets Just kidding of course )
Here is what we said about superstitions
Today is a special day
On Friday the 13th people who are superstitious believe something terribly
bad or something awesome will happen to them
Examples of supertisions- you shouldnt be 13 around a table
- you shouldnt walk under a ladder- you shouldnt meet a black cat
- you shouldnt break a mirror- you shouldnt celebrate a birthday before
- you should wear a rabbit leg- you shouldnt walk on a line in the street
- you shouldnt cross your legs- you should touch wood when you say something bad
- you shouldnt put hats or shoes on a bed- you shouldnt open your umbrella inside
- you shouldnt put the bread upside down
Remember to express advice there are 3 very simple structures
bull should shouldnt + V
bull had better had better not + V bull ought to ought not to + V
Chocircmage unemployment
Embaucher to hire
bull by + V+ ing au moyen de en + V+ ingbull to + V pour + V (le but)
leisure loisirshigh ndash loweacuteleveacute ndash bas
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3641
ecirctre oblige de to have to + Vto lead to entraicircnerhuge immense= The work-week la semaine de travailIn France the 35 hours-work week was decided and implemented in the 1990rsquos by asocialist government ( Mrs Aubry)
Exercice de traduction 1) Les employeacutes doivent faire des heures suppleacutementairesEmployees must do long hoursEmployees have to do long hours2) Il y a de nombreuses faccedilons de trouver du travailThere are a lot of ways to find work3) Lrsquoimmense augmentation des reacuteseaux sociaux permettent aux gens decommuniquer drsquoavantageThe huge increase of social networks enables people to communicate more4) Le travail suppleacutementaire entraicircne des problegravemes de santeacute pour les hommessurmeneacutes
bull Homebull Mail
bull Photos
bull Music
bull Games + Apps
bull More
o SMS Groups
o Sawaal
o Instant Messenger
o Free SMS
o Mobile
o Travel
Sign Up Sign In
Ask your Question in Exams Education amp References
Character(s) remaining 160
Home Ask Question Answer Questions My QampA CategoriesAsk the experts Expert leader board
Home raquo Education raquo Exams Education ampReferences raquo Question
thornyuml
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3741
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i mDoing for Improve my english give me your best idea
Asked in Exams Education amp References at 1200 PM on October 09 2008
Tags english idea
This question is closedReport abuse
ntn jainProfile | QampA
Rate this 00
bull Latest Answers(4)
Sort by Latest | Oldest | Top-rated
English is best improved by practice and also by taking a small course to improve grammar and communication skillsThe key to practice is to read newspapers magazines and books almost regularly You can also start talking andexpressing yourself in English with your peers friends and (if possible) relatives
Writing in English is a good habit that will strengthen your expression skills as well In case you complete this all-round approach I am sure you will do well All the best
Answered by Idle Mind an ibibo Master at 409 PM on October 13 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Idle MindProfile | QampA
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you can
Answered by Rachana an ibibo Citizen at 106 PM on October 11 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3841
RachanaProfile | QampA
well ntn
its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming
future n ways ntn some tips from my side that will help yu improve yu ur english are
i Observe the mouth movements of those who speak English well and try to imitate them
When you are watching television observe the mouth movements of the speakers Repeat what they are saying whileimitating the intonation and rhythm of their speech
ii Until you learn the correct intonation and rhythm of English slow your speech down
If you speak too quickly and with the wrong intonation and rhythm native speakers will have a hard timeunderstanding you
Dont worry about your listener getting impatient with your slow speech -- it is more important that everything you say be understood
iii Listen to the music of English
Do not use the music of your native language when you speak English Each language has its own way of singing
iv Use the dictionary
Try and familiarise yourself with the phonetic symbols of your dictionary Look up the correct pronunciation of wordsthat are hard for you to say
v Make a list of frequently used words that you find difficult to pronounce and ask someone who speaks the languagewell to pronounce them for you
Record these words listen to them and practice saying them Listen and read at the same time
vi Buy books on tape
Record yourself reading some sections of the book Compare the sound of your English with that of the person readingthe book on the tape
vii Pronounce the ending of each word
Pay special attention to S and ED endings This will help you strengthen the mouth muscles that you use when youspeak English
viii Read aloud in English for 15-20 minutes every day
Research has shown it takes about three months of daily practice to develop strong mouth muscles for speaking a newlanguage
ix Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation mistakes
Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice and avoid listening to themselves speak However this is a veryimportant exercise because doing it will help you become conscious of the mistakes you are making
x Be patient
You can change the way you speak but it wont happen overnight People often expect instant results and give up toosoon You can change the way you sound if you are willing to put some effort into it
GOOD LUCK
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3941
Answered by Anant-- an ibibo Master at 133 PM on October 09 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Anant--Profile | QampA
BEST WAY ACCORDING TO ME IS READ DAILY ENGLISH NEWSPAPER IF U COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY ONE OXFORD DICTIONARY AND REFER MEANINGS AND IFU COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY MEANINGS CONVERSION OF ENGLISH TO UR MOTHER TONGUE THIS MAY TAKESOME TIME THERE WILL BE SOME IMPROVEMENT IN JUST 1 MONTH BETTER READ HINDU OR TIMES OF INDIAALL THE BEST
Answered by gyaneshwar an ibibo Citizen at 1258 PM on October 09 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
gyaneshwar Profile | QampA
Related Search
Meri english bahot hi weak haimain apni english kaise strong kar sakta hoonkis tarah fluentlyenglish bol sakta hoon
dearthe simple way to improve you english is to particehave you ever heard of the saying Parctise makes a man perfect so even when you you commit mistake try to learn from the mistake and rectify themand simple start askingquestion to people in Englishand if you want yo learn english donot fell embrace in the front of anyone and alsotry to read TIMES OF INDIAN
Posted in Self Development by naqeeb ahmar at 758 PM on March 17 2008Tags meri english bahot weak apni kaise strong sakta tarah fluently hoon
how to improve english plese tell me
to compose simple sentences in your mind when you are alone Stick on the idea you want to convey rather than thegrammar Speak to the native English speakers if possible Chatt with those in internet SearchI dont know the level of your english if you have basics the fun way of learning are english comics cartoon network in english or any english
movies comics will help you in speaking good english
Posted in Love amp Romance by Shiva Singh at 1015 PM on September 24 2008Tags improve english plese
How can i improve my Enlish speaking and writing both
their meanings and use them in your convesationListen to english newsFor writing read the books on letters essaysand storiesslowly you will get the idea of using english in your convenienceFinally findDear Ashok It is good you
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 4041
want to improve your English First and foremost thing you need is YOU All you need to do is give quality time notthe quantity Do make a conscious effort and smart work
Posted in Self Development by ashok sharma at 626 AM on October 14 2008Tags improve enlish writing
how to use GPRS in china made mob prince A960
here most of gprs settings for most of mobile service operator India to enter in your phone mannulay Here you havemanual gprs settings for vodafone hutch idea airtel bsnl airtel live airtel mobile you can enter in your phone andconfigure mannuallyManual Idea gprs Settings1 Account Name - ideaGPRS2 Username - leave Blank3 Password -leave Blank4 Homepage - httpwapideafreshcom5
Posted in Computers amp Technology by vivek soni at 145 AM on June 13 2008Tags gprs help china mad mob
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i m Doing for Improve my englishgive me your best idea
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the
pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you canwell ntn its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming future n ways ntn some tips from my sidethat will help yu improve yu ur english are i Observe
Posted in Exams Education amp References by ntn jain at 939 PM on October 13 2008Tags want improve english improve best
what is html
they want Text is what you will use English letters just like you use everyday Markup is what you will do You willwrite in plain English and then mark up what you wrote Language Some may argue that technically html is a code
but you write html in plain everyday English languageHi RockyHTML is the code behind your webpage and is whatyour browser looks for to display a webpage the way the webdesigner
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Rocky at 258 PM on May 07 2008Tags html
how I improve my english speech
and be confidentYOU CAN DOWNLOAD A LOT OF SOFTWARES FROM INTERNET IT REALLY HELPSAND ANOTHER IDEA IS TO WATCH ENGLISH CHANNELS LIKE METRO NATION NDTV GOOD TIMESAND DONT FORGET TO WATCH NDTV DISCUSSIONSget to c more english movie join times classes on english
they improvise a lotEnglish can be improved by reading booksnewspaper by discussionsThese are certain tips toimprove english
Posted in Counselling by sagar gawde at 803 PM on February 14 2008Tags improve english speech
What is the best way to enhance skills in English Which is most best website which can help tolearn English from basic to a very high class
will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin thinking in English Listening to Native Speakers as Much asPossible is the good idea to enhance your English language skills Here are someFirst of all be motivated become a
person who likes to learn English Using as many different sources methods and tools as possible will allow you tolearn faster There are many different ways
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 4141
Posted in Self Development by RAVINDRA at 644 PM on October 03 2008Tags best enhance skills website help learn english basic high
Who created the first mouse
to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThe first marketed integrated mouseshipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came from the resemblance of earlymodels which had a cord attached to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThefirst marketed integrated mouse shipped as a part
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Aryan Gusain at 212 PM on July 02 2008Tags created first mouse
Do you have any idea for FRANKLYN INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGE Its a spoken English Institutewhich gives Job Guarantee if anyone knows plz let me know
190A Maniktolla Main Road Kolkata-54 phone no 91-33-32401558 91-33-32428200 frankylnkkghotmailcomhi poonamur question gives an idea dat ur command on english is nt poor why u r lookingYou have heard rightFRANKLYN offers spoken english courses and there is also a lot of students pursuing courses there
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3541
A new American series that you will probably LOVE Here is the trailer Looks andsounds fantastic
Exprimer le conseil en anglais
Today after taking a test on Body beauty and body parts (phonetics included) wespoke about superstitions on Friday the 13th And we discovered that Jonathansgrand-ma was extremely supersticious and that some of you believed in supernaturalthings too like Juliette who thinks her mother can read her mind or Camille RL whois sure what she says sometimes comes true Beware of the other Camille T whohas got a black cat She is certainly a witch and she may transform us all intopiglets Just kidding of course )
Here is what we said about superstitions
Today is a special day
On Friday the 13th people who are superstitious believe something terribly
bad or something awesome will happen to them
Examples of supertisions- you shouldnt be 13 around a table
- you shouldnt walk under a ladder- you shouldnt meet a black cat
- you shouldnt break a mirror- you shouldnt celebrate a birthday before
- you should wear a rabbit leg- you shouldnt walk on a line in the street
- you shouldnt cross your legs- you should touch wood when you say something bad
- you shouldnt put hats or shoes on a bed- you shouldnt open your umbrella inside
- you shouldnt put the bread upside down
Remember to express advice there are 3 very simple structures
bull should shouldnt + V
bull had better had better not + V bull ought to ought not to + V
Chocircmage unemployment
Embaucher to hire
bull by + V+ ing au moyen de en + V+ ingbull to + V pour + V (le but)
leisure loisirshigh ndash loweacuteleveacute ndash bas
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3641
ecirctre oblige de to have to + Vto lead to entraicircnerhuge immense= The work-week la semaine de travailIn France the 35 hours-work week was decided and implemented in the 1990rsquos by asocialist government ( Mrs Aubry)
Exercice de traduction 1) Les employeacutes doivent faire des heures suppleacutementairesEmployees must do long hoursEmployees have to do long hours2) Il y a de nombreuses faccedilons de trouver du travailThere are a lot of ways to find work3) Lrsquoimmense augmentation des reacuteseaux sociaux permettent aux gens decommuniquer drsquoavantageThe huge increase of social networks enables people to communicate more4) Le travail suppleacutementaire entraicircne des problegravemes de santeacute pour les hommessurmeneacutes
bull Homebull Mail
bull Photos
bull Music
bull Games + Apps
bull More
o SMS Groups
o Sawaal
o Instant Messenger
o Free SMS
o Mobile
o Travel
Sign Up Sign In
Ask your Question in Exams Education amp References
Character(s) remaining 160
Home Ask Question Answer Questions My QampA CategoriesAsk the experts Expert leader board
Home raquo Education raquo Exams Education ampReferences raquo Question
thornyuml
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3741
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i mDoing for Improve my english give me your best idea
Asked in Exams Education amp References at 1200 PM on October 09 2008
Tags english idea
This question is closedReport abuse
ntn jainProfile | QampA
Rate this 00
bull Latest Answers(4)
Sort by Latest | Oldest | Top-rated
English is best improved by practice and also by taking a small course to improve grammar and communication skillsThe key to practice is to read newspapers magazines and books almost regularly You can also start talking andexpressing yourself in English with your peers friends and (if possible) relatives
Writing in English is a good habit that will strengthen your expression skills as well In case you complete this all-round approach I am sure you will do well All the best
Answered by Idle Mind an ibibo Master at 409 PM on October 13 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Idle MindProfile | QampA
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you can
Answered by Rachana an ibibo Citizen at 106 PM on October 11 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3841
RachanaProfile | QampA
well ntn
its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming
future n ways ntn some tips from my side that will help yu improve yu ur english are
i Observe the mouth movements of those who speak English well and try to imitate them
When you are watching television observe the mouth movements of the speakers Repeat what they are saying whileimitating the intonation and rhythm of their speech
ii Until you learn the correct intonation and rhythm of English slow your speech down
If you speak too quickly and with the wrong intonation and rhythm native speakers will have a hard timeunderstanding you
Dont worry about your listener getting impatient with your slow speech -- it is more important that everything you say be understood
iii Listen to the music of English
Do not use the music of your native language when you speak English Each language has its own way of singing
iv Use the dictionary
Try and familiarise yourself with the phonetic symbols of your dictionary Look up the correct pronunciation of wordsthat are hard for you to say
v Make a list of frequently used words that you find difficult to pronounce and ask someone who speaks the languagewell to pronounce them for you
Record these words listen to them and practice saying them Listen and read at the same time
vi Buy books on tape
Record yourself reading some sections of the book Compare the sound of your English with that of the person readingthe book on the tape
vii Pronounce the ending of each word
Pay special attention to S and ED endings This will help you strengthen the mouth muscles that you use when youspeak English
viii Read aloud in English for 15-20 minutes every day
Research has shown it takes about three months of daily practice to develop strong mouth muscles for speaking a newlanguage
ix Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation mistakes
Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice and avoid listening to themselves speak However this is a veryimportant exercise because doing it will help you become conscious of the mistakes you are making
x Be patient
You can change the way you speak but it wont happen overnight People often expect instant results and give up toosoon You can change the way you sound if you are willing to put some effort into it
GOOD LUCK
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3941
Answered by Anant-- an ibibo Master at 133 PM on October 09 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Anant--Profile | QampA
BEST WAY ACCORDING TO ME IS READ DAILY ENGLISH NEWSPAPER IF U COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY ONE OXFORD DICTIONARY AND REFER MEANINGS AND IFU COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY MEANINGS CONVERSION OF ENGLISH TO UR MOTHER TONGUE THIS MAY TAKESOME TIME THERE WILL BE SOME IMPROVEMENT IN JUST 1 MONTH BETTER READ HINDU OR TIMES OF INDIAALL THE BEST
Answered by gyaneshwar an ibibo Citizen at 1258 PM on October 09 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
gyaneshwar Profile | QampA
Related Search
Meri english bahot hi weak haimain apni english kaise strong kar sakta hoonkis tarah fluentlyenglish bol sakta hoon
dearthe simple way to improve you english is to particehave you ever heard of the saying Parctise makes a man perfect so even when you you commit mistake try to learn from the mistake and rectify themand simple start askingquestion to people in Englishand if you want yo learn english donot fell embrace in the front of anyone and alsotry to read TIMES OF INDIAN
Posted in Self Development by naqeeb ahmar at 758 PM on March 17 2008Tags meri english bahot weak apni kaise strong sakta tarah fluently hoon
how to improve english plese tell me
to compose simple sentences in your mind when you are alone Stick on the idea you want to convey rather than thegrammar Speak to the native English speakers if possible Chatt with those in internet SearchI dont know the level of your english if you have basics the fun way of learning are english comics cartoon network in english or any english
movies comics will help you in speaking good english
Posted in Love amp Romance by Shiva Singh at 1015 PM on September 24 2008Tags improve english plese
How can i improve my Enlish speaking and writing both
their meanings and use them in your convesationListen to english newsFor writing read the books on letters essaysand storiesslowly you will get the idea of using english in your convenienceFinally findDear Ashok It is good you
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 4041
want to improve your English First and foremost thing you need is YOU All you need to do is give quality time notthe quantity Do make a conscious effort and smart work
Posted in Self Development by ashok sharma at 626 AM on October 14 2008Tags improve enlish writing
how to use GPRS in china made mob prince A960
here most of gprs settings for most of mobile service operator India to enter in your phone mannulay Here you havemanual gprs settings for vodafone hutch idea airtel bsnl airtel live airtel mobile you can enter in your phone andconfigure mannuallyManual Idea gprs Settings1 Account Name - ideaGPRS2 Username - leave Blank3 Password -leave Blank4 Homepage - httpwapideafreshcom5
Posted in Computers amp Technology by vivek soni at 145 AM on June 13 2008Tags gprs help china mad mob
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i m Doing for Improve my englishgive me your best idea
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the
pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you canwell ntn its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming future n ways ntn some tips from my sidethat will help yu improve yu ur english are i Observe
Posted in Exams Education amp References by ntn jain at 939 PM on October 13 2008Tags want improve english improve best
what is html
they want Text is what you will use English letters just like you use everyday Markup is what you will do You willwrite in plain English and then mark up what you wrote Language Some may argue that technically html is a code
but you write html in plain everyday English languageHi RockyHTML is the code behind your webpage and is whatyour browser looks for to display a webpage the way the webdesigner
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Rocky at 258 PM on May 07 2008Tags html
how I improve my english speech
and be confidentYOU CAN DOWNLOAD A LOT OF SOFTWARES FROM INTERNET IT REALLY HELPSAND ANOTHER IDEA IS TO WATCH ENGLISH CHANNELS LIKE METRO NATION NDTV GOOD TIMESAND DONT FORGET TO WATCH NDTV DISCUSSIONSget to c more english movie join times classes on english
they improvise a lotEnglish can be improved by reading booksnewspaper by discussionsThese are certain tips toimprove english
Posted in Counselling by sagar gawde at 803 PM on February 14 2008Tags improve english speech
What is the best way to enhance skills in English Which is most best website which can help tolearn English from basic to a very high class
will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin thinking in English Listening to Native Speakers as Much asPossible is the good idea to enhance your English language skills Here are someFirst of all be motivated become a
person who likes to learn English Using as many different sources methods and tools as possible will allow you tolearn faster There are many different ways
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 4141
Posted in Self Development by RAVINDRA at 644 PM on October 03 2008Tags best enhance skills website help learn english basic high
Who created the first mouse
to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThe first marketed integrated mouseshipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came from the resemblance of earlymodels which had a cord attached to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThefirst marketed integrated mouse shipped as a part
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Aryan Gusain at 212 PM on July 02 2008Tags created first mouse
Do you have any idea for FRANKLYN INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGE Its a spoken English Institutewhich gives Job Guarantee if anyone knows plz let me know
190A Maniktolla Main Road Kolkata-54 phone no 91-33-32401558 91-33-32428200 frankylnkkghotmailcomhi poonamur question gives an idea dat ur command on english is nt poor why u r lookingYou have heard rightFRANKLYN offers spoken english courses and there is also a lot of students pursuing courses there
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3641
ecirctre oblige de to have to + Vto lead to entraicircnerhuge immense= The work-week la semaine de travailIn France the 35 hours-work week was decided and implemented in the 1990rsquos by asocialist government ( Mrs Aubry)
Exercice de traduction 1) Les employeacutes doivent faire des heures suppleacutementairesEmployees must do long hoursEmployees have to do long hours2) Il y a de nombreuses faccedilons de trouver du travailThere are a lot of ways to find work3) Lrsquoimmense augmentation des reacuteseaux sociaux permettent aux gens decommuniquer drsquoavantageThe huge increase of social networks enables people to communicate more4) Le travail suppleacutementaire entraicircne des problegravemes de santeacute pour les hommessurmeneacutes
bull Homebull Mail
bull Photos
bull Music
bull Games + Apps
bull More
o SMS Groups
o Sawaal
o Instant Messenger
o Free SMS
o Mobile
o Travel
Sign Up Sign In
Ask your Question in Exams Education amp References
Character(s) remaining 160
Home Ask Question Answer Questions My QampA CategoriesAsk the experts Expert leader board
Home raquo Education raquo Exams Education ampReferences raquo Question
thornyuml
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3741
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i mDoing for Improve my english give me your best idea
Asked in Exams Education amp References at 1200 PM on October 09 2008
Tags english idea
This question is closedReport abuse
ntn jainProfile | QampA
Rate this 00
bull Latest Answers(4)
Sort by Latest | Oldest | Top-rated
English is best improved by practice and also by taking a small course to improve grammar and communication skillsThe key to practice is to read newspapers magazines and books almost regularly You can also start talking andexpressing yourself in English with your peers friends and (if possible) relatives
Writing in English is a good habit that will strengthen your expression skills as well In case you complete this all-round approach I am sure you will do well All the best
Answered by Idle Mind an ibibo Master at 409 PM on October 13 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Idle MindProfile | QampA
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you can
Answered by Rachana an ibibo Citizen at 106 PM on October 11 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3841
RachanaProfile | QampA
well ntn
its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming
future n ways ntn some tips from my side that will help yu improve yu ur english are
i Observe the mouth movements of those who speak English well and try to imitate them
When you are watching television observe the mouth movements of the speakers Repeat what they are saying whileimitating the intonation and rhythm of their speech
ii Until you learn the correct intonation and rhythm of English slow your speech down
If you speak too quickly and with the wrong intonation and rhythm native speakers will have a hard timeunderstanding you
Dont worry about your listener getting impatient with your slow speech -- it is more important that everything you say be understood
iii Listen to the music of English
Do not use the music of your native language when you speak English Each language has its own way of singing
iv Use the dictionary
Try and familiarise yourself with the phonetic symbols of your dictionary Look up the correct pronunciation of wordsthat are hard for you to say
v Make a list of frequently used words that you find difficult to pronounce and ask someone who speaks the languagewell to pronounce them for you
Record these words listen to them and practice saying them Listen and read at the same time
vi Buy books on tape
Record yourself reading some sections of the book Compare the sound of your English with that of the person readingthe book on the tape
vii Pronounce the ending of each word
Pay special attention to S and ED endings This will help you strengthen the mouth muscles that you use when youspeak English
viii Read aloud in English for 15-20 minutes every day
Research has shown it takes about three months of daily practice to develop strong mouth muscles for speaking a newlanguage
ix Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation mistakes
Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice and avoid listening to themselves speak However this is a veryimportant exercise because doing it will help you become conscious of the mistakes you are making
x Be patient
You can change the way you speak but it wont happen overnight People often expect instant results and give up toosoon You can change the way you sound if you are willing to put some effort into it
GOOD LUCK
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3941
Answered by Anant-- an ibibo Master at 133 PM on October 09 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Anant--Profile | QampA
BEST WAY ACCORDING TO ME IS READ DAILY ENGLISH NEWSPAPER IF U COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY ONE OXFORD DICTIONARY AND REFER MEANINGS AND IFU COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY MEANINGS CONVERSION OF ENGLISH TO UR MOTHER TONGUE THIS MAY TAKESOME TIME THERE WILL BE SOME IMPROVEMENT IN JUST 1 MONTH BETTER READ HINDU OR TIMES OF INDIAALL THE BEST
Answered by gyaneshwar an ibibo Citizen at 1258 PM on October 09 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
gyaneshwar Profile | QampA
Related Search
Meri english bahot hi weak haimain apni english kaise strong kar sakta hoonkis tarah fluentlyenglish bol sakta hoon
dearthe simple way to improve you english is to particehave you ever heard of the saying Parctise makes a man perfect so even when you you commit mistake try to learn from the mistake and rectify themand simple start askingquestion to people in Englishand if you want yo learn english donot fell embrace in the front of anyone and alsotry to read TIMES OF INDIAN
Posted in Self Development by naqeeb ahmar at 758 PM on March 17 2008Tags meri english bahot weak apni kaise strong sakta tarah fluently hoon
how to improve english plese tell me
to compose simple sentences in your mind when you are alone Stick on the idea you want to convey rather than thegrammar Speak to the native English speakers if possible Chatt with those in internet SearchI dont know the level of your english if you have basics the fun way of learning are english comics cartoon network in english or any english
movies comics will help you in speaking good english
Posted in Love amp Romance by Shiva Singh at 1015 PM on September 24 2008Tags improve english plese
How can i improve my Enlish speaking and writing both
their meanings and use them in your convesationListen to english newsFor writing read the books on letters essaysand storiesslowly you will get the idea of using english in your convenienceFinally findDear Ashok It is good you
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 4041
want to improve your English First and foremost thing you need is YOU All you need to do is give quality time notthe quantity Do make a conscious effort and smart work
Posted in Self Development by ashok sharma at 626 AM on October 14 2008Tags improve enlish writing
how to use GPRS in china made mob prince A960
here most of gprs settings for most of mobile service operator India to enter in your phone mannulay Here you havemanual gprs settings for vodafone hutch idea airtel bsnl airtel live airtel mobile you can enter in your phone andconfigure mannuallyManual Idea gprs Settings1 Account Name - ideaGPRS2 Username - leave Blank3 Password -leave Blank4 Homepage - httpwapideafreshcom5
Posted in Computers amp Technology by vivek soni at 145 AM on June 13 2008Tags gprs help china mad mob
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i m Doing for Improve my englishgive me your best idea
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the
pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you canwell ntn its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming future n ways ntn some tips from my sidethat will help yu improve yu ur english are i Observe
Posted in Exams Education amp References by ntn jain at 939 PM on October 13 2008Tags want improve english improve best
what is html
they want Text is what you will use English letters just like you use everyday Markup is what you will do You willwrite in plain English and then mark up what you wrote Language Some may argue that technically html is a code
but you write html in plain everyday English languageHi RockyHTML is the code behind your webpage and is whatyour browser looks for to display a webpage the way the webdesigner
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Rocky at 258 PM on May 07 2008Tags html
how I improve my english speech
and be confidentYOU CAN DOWNLOAD A LOT OF SOFTWARES FROM INTERNET IT REALLY HELPSAND ANOTHER IDEA IS TO WATCH ENGLISH CHANNELS LIKE METRO NATION NDTV GOOD TIMESAND DONT FORGET TO WATCH NDTV DISCUSSIONSget to c more english movie join times classes on english
they improvise a lotEnglish can be improved by reading booksnewspaper by discussionsThese are certain tips toimprove english
Posted in Counselling by sagar gawde at 803 PM on February 14 2008Tags improve english speech
What is the best way to enhance skills in English Which is most best website which can help tolearn English from basic to a very high class
will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin thinking in English Listening to Native Speakers as Much asPossible is the good idea to enhance your English language skills Here are someFirst of all be motivated become a
person who likes to learn English Using as many different sources methods and tools as possible will allow you tolearn faster There are many different ways
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 4141
Posted in Self Development by RAVINDRA at 644 PM on October 03 2008Tags best enhance skills website help learn english basic high
Who created the first mouse
to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThe first marketed integrated mouseshipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came from the resemblance of earlymodels which had a cord attached to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThefirst marketed integrated mouse shipped as a part
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Aryan Gusain at 212 PM on July 02 2008Tags created first mouse
Do you have any idea for FRANKLYN INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGE Its a spoken English Institutewhich gives Job Guarantee if anyone knows plz let me know
190A Maniktolla Main Road Kolkata-54 phone no 91-33-32401558 91-33-32428200 frankylnkkghotmailcomhi poonamur question gives an idea dat ur command on english is nt poor why u r lookingYou have heard rightFRANKLYN offers spoken english courses and there is also a lot of students pursuing courses there
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3741
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i mDoing for Improve my english give me your best idea
Asked in Exams Education amp References at 1200 PM on October 09 2008
Tags english idea
This question is closedReport abuse
ntn jainProfile | QampA
Rate this 00
bull Latest Answers(4)
Sort by Latest | Oldest | Top-rated
English is best improved by practice and also by taking a small course to improve grammar and communication skillsThe key to practice is to read newspapers magazines and books almost regularly You can also start talking andexpressing yourself in English with your peers friends and (if possible) relatives
Writing in English is a good habit that will strengthen your expression skills as well In case you complete this all-round approach I am sure you will do well All the best
Answered by Idle Mind an ibibo Master at 409 PM on October 13 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Idle MindProfile | QampA
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you can
Answered by Rachana an ibibo Citizen at 106 PM on October 11 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3841
RachanaProfile | QampA
well ntn
its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming
future n ways ntn some tips from my side that will help yu improve yu ur english are
i Observe the mouth movements of those who speak English well and try to imitate them
When you are watching television observe the mouth movements of the speakers Repeat what they are saying whileimitating the intonation and rhythm of their speech
ii Until you learn the correct intonation and rhythm of English slow your speech down
If you speak too quickly and with the wrong intonation and rhythm native speakers will have a hard timeunderstanding you
Dont worry about your listener getting impatient with your slow speech -- it is more important that everything you say be understood
iii Listen to the music of English
Do not use the music of your native language when you speak English Each language has its own way of singing
iv Use the dictionary
Try and familiarise yourself with the phonetic symbols of your dictionary Look up the correct pronunciation of wordsthat are hard for you to say
v Make a list of frequently used words that you find difficult to pronounce and ask someone who speaks the languagewell to pronounce them for you
Record these words listen to them and practice saying them Listen and read at the same time
vi Buy books on tape
Record yourself reading some sections of the book Compare the sound of your English with that of the person readingthe book on the tape
vii Pronounce the ending of each word
Pay special attention to S and ED endings This will help you strengthen the mouth muscles that you use when youspeak English
viii Read aloud in English for 15-20 minutes every day
Research has shown it takes about three months of daily practice to develop strong mouth muscles for speaking a newlanguage
ix Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation mistakes
Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice and avoid listening to themselves speak However this is a veryimportant exercise because doing it will help you become conscious of the mistakes you are making
x Be patient
You can change the way you speak but it wont happen overnight People often expect instant results and give up toosoon You can change the way you sound if you are willing to put some effort into it
GOOD LUCK
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3941
Answered by Anant-- an ibibo Master at 133 PM on October 09 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Anant--Profile | QampA
BEST WAY ACCORDING TO ME IS READ DAILY ENGLISH NEWSPAPER IF U COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY ONE OXFORD DICTIONARY AND REFER MEANINGS AND IFU COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY MEANINGS CONVERSION OF ENGLISH TO UR MOTHER TONGUE THIS MAY TAKESOME TIME THERE WILL BE SOME IMPROVEMENT IN JUST 1 MONTH BETTER READ HINDU OR TIMES OF INDIAALL THE BEST
Answered by gyaneshwar an ibibo Citizen at 1258 PM on October 09 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
gyaneshwar Profile | QampA
Related Search
Meri english bahot hi weak haimain apni english kaise strong kar sakta hoonkis tarah fluentlyenglish bol sakta hoon
dearthe simple way to improve you english is to particehave you ever heard of the saying Parctise makes a man perfect so even when you you commit mistake try to learn from the mistake and rectify themand simple start askingquestion to people in Englishand if you want yo learn english donot fell embrace in the front of anyone and alsotry to read TIMES OF INDIAN
Posted in Self Development by naqeeb ahmar at 758 PM on March 17 2008Tags meri english bahot weak apni kaise strong sakta tarah fluently hoon
how to improve english plese tell me
to compose simple sentences in your mind when you are alone Stick on the idea you want to convey rather than thegrammar Speak to the native English speakers if possible Chatt with those in internet SearchI dont know the level of your english if you have basics the fun way of learning are english comics cartoon network in english or any english
movies comics will help you in speaking good english
Posted in Love amp Romance by Shiva Singh at 1015 PM on September 24 2008Tags improve english plese
How can i improve my Enlish speaking and writing both
their meanings and use them in your convesationListen to english newsFor writing read the books on letters essaysand storiesslowly you will get the idea of using english in your convenienceFinally findDear Ashok It is good you
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 4041
want to improve your English First and foremost thing you need is YOU All you need to do is give quality time notthe quantity Do make a conscious effort and smart work
Posted in Self Development by ashok sharma at 626 AM on October 14 2008Tags improve enlish writing
how to use GPRS in china made mob prince A960
here most of gprs settings for most of mobile service operator India to enter in your phone mannulay Here you havemanual gprs settings for vodafone hutch idea airtel bsnl airtel live airtel mobile you can enter in your phone andconfigure mannuallyManual Idea gprs Settings1 Account Name - ideaGPRS2 Username - leave Blank3 Password -leave Blank4 Homepage - httpwapideafreshcom5
Posted in Computers amp Technology by vivek soni at 145 AM on June 13 2008Tags gprs help china mad mob
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i m Doing for Improve my englishgive me your best idea
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the
pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you canwell ntn its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming future n ways ntn some tips from my sidethat will help yu improve yu ur english are i Observe
Posted in Exams Education amp References by ntn jain at 939 PM on October 13 2008Tags want improve english improve best
what is html
they want Text is what you will use English letters just like you use everyday Markup is what you will do You willwrite in plain English and then mark up what you wrote Language Some may argue that technically html is a code
but you write html in plain everyday English languageHi RockyHTML is the code behind your webpage and is whatyour browser looks for to display a webpage the way the webdesigner
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Rocky at 258 PM on May 07 2008Tags html
how I improve my english speech
and be confidentYOU CAN DOWNLOAD A LOT OF SOFTWARES FROM INTERNET IT REALLY HELPSAND ANOTHER IDEA IS TO WATCH ENGLISH CHANNELS LIKE METRO NATION NDTV GOOD TIMESAND DONT FORGET TO WATCH NDTV DISCUSSIONSget to c more english movie join times classes on english
they improvise a lotEnglish can be improved by reading booksnewspaper by discussionsThese are certain tips toimprove english
Posted in Counselling by sagar gawde at 803 PM on February 14 2008Tags improve english speech
What is the best way to enhance skills in English Which is most best website which can help tolearn English from basic to a very high class
will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin thinking in English Listening to Native Speakers as Much asPossible is the good idea to enhance your English language skills Here are someFirst of all be motivated become a
person who likes to learn English Using as many different sources methods and tools as possible will allow you tolearn faster There are many different ways
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 4141
Posted in Self Development by RAVINDRA at 644 PM on October 03 2008Tags best enhance skills website help learn english basic high
Who created the first mouse
to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThe first marketed integrated mouseshipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came from the resemblance of earlymodels which had a cord attached to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThefirst marketed integrated mouse shipped as a part
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Aryan Gusain at 212 PM on July 02 2008Tags created first mouse
Do you have any idea for FRANKLYN INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGE Its a spoken English Institutewhich gives Job Guarantee if anyone knows plz let me know
190A Maniktolla Main Road Kolkata-54 phone no 91-33-32401558 91-33-32428200 frankylnkkghotmailcomhi poonamur question gives an idea dat ur command on english is nt poor why u r lookingYou have heard rightFRANKLYN offers spoken english courses and there is also a lot of students pursuing courses there
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3841
RachanaProfile | QampA
well ntn
its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming
future n ways ntn some tips from my side that will help yu improve yu ur english are
i Observe the mouth movements of those who speak English well and try to imitate them
When you are watching television observe the mouth movements of the speakers Repeat what they are saying whileimitating the intonation and rhythm of their speech
ii Until you learn the correct intonation and rhythm of English slow your speech down
If you speak too quickly and with the wrong intonation and rhythm native speakers will have a hard timeunderstanding you
Dont worry about your listener getting impatient with your slow speech -- it is more important that everything you say be understood
iii Listen to the music of English
Do not use the music of your native language when you speak English Each language has its own way of singing
iv Use the dictionary
Try and familiarise yourself with the phonetic symbols of your dictionary Look up the correct pronunciation of wordsthat are hard for you to say
v Make a list of frequently used words that you find difficult to pronounce and ask someone who speaks the languagewell to pronounce them for you
Record these words listen to them and practice saying them Listen and read at the same time
vi Buy books on tape
Record yourself reading some sections of the book Compare the sound of your English with that of the person readingthe book on the tape
vii Pronounce the ending of each word
Pay special attention to S and ED endings This will help you strengthen the mouth muscles that you use when youspeak English
viii Read aloud in English for 15-20 minutes every day
Research has shown it takes about three months of daily practice to develop strong mouth muscles for speaking a newlanguage
ix Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation mistakes
Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice and avoid listening to themselves speak However this is a veryimportant exercise because doing it will help you become conscious of the mistakes you are making
x Be patient
You can change the way you speak but it wont happen overnight People often expect instant results and give up toosoon You can change the way you sound if you are willing to put some effort into it
GOOD LUCK
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3941
Answered by Anant-- an ibibo Master at 133 PM on October 09 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Anant--Profile | QampA
BEST WAY ACCORDING TO ME IS READ DAILY ENGLISH NEWSPAPER IF U COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY ONE OXFORD DICTIONARY AND REFER MEANINGS AND IFU COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY MEANINGS CONVERSION OF ENGLISH TO UR MOTHER TONGUE THIS MAY TAKESOME TIME THERE WILL BE SOME IMPROVEMENT IN JUST 1 MONTH BETTER READ HINDU OR TIMES OF INDIAALL THE BEST
Answered by gyaneshwar an ibibo Citizen at 1258 PM on October 09 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
gyaneshwar Profile | QampA
Related Search
Meri english bahot hi weak haimain apni english kaise strong kar sakta hoonkis tarah fluentlyenglish bol sakta hoon
dearthe simple way to improve you english is to particehave you ever heard of the saying Parctise makes a man perfect so even when you you commit mistake try to learn from the mistake and rectify themand simple start askingquestion to people in Englishand if you want yo learn english donot fell embrace in the front of anyone and alsotry to read TIMES OF INDIAN
Posted in Self Development by naqeeb ahmar at 758 PM on March 17 2008Tags meri english bahot weak apni kaise strong sakta tarah fluently hoon
how to improve english plese tell me
to compose simple sentences in your mind when you are alone Stick on the idea you want to convey rather than thegrammar Speak to the native English speakers if possible Chatt with those in internet SearchI dont know the level of your english if you have basics the fun way of learning are english comics cartoon network in english or any english
movies comics will help you in speaking good english
Posted in Love amp Romance by Shiva Singh at 1015 PM on September 24 2008Tags improve english plese
How can i improve my Enlish speaking and writing both
their meanings and use them in your convesationListen to english newsFor writing read the books on letters essaysand storiesslowly you will get the idea of using english in your convenienceFinally findDear Ashok It is good you
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 4041
want to improve your English First and foremost thing you need is YOU All you need to do is give quality time notthe quantity Do make a conscious effort and smart work
Posted in Self Development by ashok sharma at 626 AM on October 14 2008Tags improve enlish writing
how to use GPRS in china made mob prince A960
here most of gprs settings for most of mobile service operator India to enter in your phone mannulay Here you havemanual gprs settings for vodafone hutch idea airtel bsnl airtel live airtel mobile you can enter in your phone andconfigure mannuallyManual Idea gprs Settings1 Account Name - ideaGPRS2 Username - leave Blank3 Password -leave Blank4 Homepage - httpwapideafreshcom5
Posted in Computers amp Technology by vivek soni at 145 AM on June 13 2008Tags gprs help china mad mob
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i m Doing for Improve my englishgive me your best idea
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the
pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you canwell ntn its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming future n ways ntn some tips from my sidethat will help yu improve yu ur english are i Observe
Posted in Exams Education amp References by ntn jain at 939 PM on October 13 2008Tags want improve english improve best
what is html
they want Text is what you will use English letters just like you use everyday Markup is what you will do You willwrite in plain English and then mark up what you wrote Language Some may argue that technically html is a code
but you write html in plain everyday English languageHi RockyHTML is the code behind your webpage and is whatyour browser looks for to display a webpage the way the webdesigner
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Rocky at 258 PM on May 07 2008Tags html
how I improve my english speech
and be confidentYOU CAN DOWNLOAD A LOT OF SOFTWARES FROM INTERNET IT REALLY HELPSAND ANOTHER IDEA IS TO WATCH ENGLISH CHANNELS LIKE METRO NATION NDTV GOOD TIMESAND DONT FORGET TO WATCH NDTV DISCUSSIONSget to c more english movie join times classes on english
they improvise a lotEnglish can be improved by reading booksnewspaper by discussionsThese are certain tips toimprove english
Posted in Counselling by sagar gawde at 803 PM on February 14 2008Tags improve english speech
What is the best way to enhance skills in English Which is most best website which can help tolearn English from basic to a very high class
will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin thinking in English Listening to Native Speakers as Much asPossible is the good idea to enhance your English language skills Here are someFirst of all be motivated become a
person who likes to learn English Using as many different sources methods and tools as possible will allow you tolearn faster There are many different ways
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 4141
Posted in Self Development by RAVINDRA at 644 PM on October 03 2008Tags best enhance skills website help learn english basic high
Who created the first mouse
to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThe first marketed integrated mouseshipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came from the resemblance of earlymodels which had a cord attached to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThefirst marketed integrated mouse shipped as a part
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Aryan Gusain at 212 PM on July 02 2008Tags created first mouse
Do you have any idea for FRANKLYN INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGE Its a spoken English Institutewhich gives Job Guarantee if anyone knows plz let me know
190A Maniktolla Main Road Kolkata-54 phone no 91-33-32401558 91-33-32428200 frankylnkkghotmailcomhi poonamur question gives an idea dat ur command on english is nt poor why u r lookingYou have heard rightFRANKLYN offers spoken english courses and there is also a lot of students pursuing courses there
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 3941
Answered by Anant-- an ibibo Master at 133 PM on October 09 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
Anant--Profile | QampA
BEST WAY ACCORDING TO ME IS READ DAILY ENGLISH NEWSPAPER IF U COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY ONE OXFORD DICTIONARY AND REFER MEANINGS AND IFU COULD NOTUNDERSTAND BUY MEANINGS CONVERSION OF ENGLISH TO UR MOTHER TONGUE THIS MAY TAKESOME TIME THERE WILL BE SOME IMPROVEMENT IN JUST 1 MONTH BETTER READ HINDU OR TIMES OF INDIAALL THE BEST
Answered by gyaneshwar an ibibo Citizen at 1258 PM on October 09 2008
Report Abuse | Rate this 00
gyaneshwar Profile | QampA
Related Search
Meri english bahot hi weak haimain apni english kaise strong kar sakta hoonkis tarah fluentlyenglish bol sakta hoon
dearthe simple way to improve you english is to particehave you ever heard of the saying Parctise makes a man perfect so even when you you commit mistake try to learn from the mistake and rectify themand simple start askingquestion to people in Englishand if you want yo learn english donot fell embrace in the front of anyone and alsotry to read TIMES OF INDIAN
Posted in Self Development by naqeeb ahmar at 758 PM on March 17 2008Tags meri english bahot weak apni kaise strong sakta tarah fluently hoon
how to improve english plese tell me
to compose simple sentences in your mind when you are alone Stick on the idea you want to convey rather than thegrammar Speak to the native English speakers if possible Chatt with those in internet SearchI dont know the level of your english if you have basics the fun way of learning are english comics cartoon network in english or any english
movies comics will help you in speaking good english
Posted in Love amp Romance by Shiva Singh at 1015 PM on September 24 2008Tags improve english plese
How can i improve my Enlish speaking and writing both
their meanings and use them in your convesationListen to english newsFor writing read the books on letters essaysand storiesslowly you will get the idea of using english in your convenienceFinally findDear Ashok It is good you
thornyuml
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 4041
want to improve your English First and foremost thing you need is YOU All you need to do is give quality time notthe quantity Do make a conscious effort and smart work
Posted in Self Development by ashok sharma at 626 AM on October 14 2008Tags improve enlish writing
how to use GPRS in china made mob prince A960
here most of gprs settings for most of mobile service operator India to enter in your phone mannulay Here you havemanual gprs settings for vodafone hutch idea airtel bsnl airtel live airtel mobile you can enter in your phone andconfigure mannuallyManual Idea gprs Settings1 Account Name - ideaGPRS2 Username - leave Blank3 Password -leave Blank4 Homepage - httpwapideafreshcom5
Posted in Computers amp Technology by vivek soni at 145 AM on June 13 2008Tags gprs help china mad mob
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i m Doing for Improve my englishgive me your best idea
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the
pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you canwell ntn its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming future n ways ntn some tips from my sidethat will help yu improve yu ur english are i Observe
Posted in Exams Education amp References by ntn jain at 939 PM on October 13 2008Tags want improve english improve best
what is html
they want Text is what you will use English letters just like you use everyday Markup is what you will do You willwrite in plain English and then mark up what you wrote Language Some may argue that technically html is a code
but you write html in plain everyday English languageHi RockyHTML is the code behind your webpage and is whatyour browser looks for to display a webpage the way the webdesigner
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Rocky at 258 PM on May 07 2008Tags html
how I improve my english speech
and be confidentYOU CAN DOWNLOAD A LOT OF SOFTWARES FROM INTERNET IT REALLY HELPSAND ANOTHER IDEA IS TO WATCH ENGLISH CHANNELS LIKE METRO NATION NDTV GOOD TIMESAND DONT FORGET TO WATCH NDTV DISCUSSIONSget to c more english movie join times classes on english
they improvise a lotEnglish can be improved by reading booksnewspaper by discussionsThese are certain tips toimprove english
Posted in Counselling by sagar gawde at 803 PM on February 14 2008Tags improve english speech
What is the best way to enhance skills in English Which is most best website which can help tolearn English from basic to a very high class
will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin thinking in English Listening to Native Speakers as Much asPossible is the good idea to enhance your English language skills Here are someFirst of all be motivated become a
person who likes to learn English Using as many different sources methods and tools as possible will allow you tolearn faster There are many different ways
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 4141
Posted in Self Development by RAVINDRA at 644 PM on October 03 2008Tags best enhance skills website help learn english basic high
Who created the first mouse
to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThe first marketed integrated mouseshipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came from the resemblance of earlymodels which had a cord attached to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThefirst marketed integrated mouse shipped as a part
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Aryan Gusain at 212 PM on July 02 2008Tags created first mouse
Do you have any idea for FRANKLYN INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGE Its a spoken English Institutewhich gives Job Guarantee if anyone knows plz let me know
190A Maniktolla Main Road Kolkata-54 phone no 91-33-32401558 91-33-32428200 frankylnkkghotmailcomhi poonamur question gives an idea dat ur command on english is nt poor why u r lookingYou have heard rightFRANKLYN offers spoken english courses and there is also a lot of students pursuing courses there
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 4041
want to improve your English First and foremost thing you need is YOU All you need to do is give quality time notthe quantity Do make a conscious effort and smart work
Posted in Self Development by ashok sharma at 626 AM on October 14 2008Tags improve enlish writing
how to use GPRS in china made mob prince A960
here most of gprs settings for most of mobile service operator India to enter in your phone mannulay Here you havemanual gprs settings for vodafone hutch idea airtel bsnl airtel live airtel mobile you can enter in your phone andconfigure mannuallyManual Idea gprs Settings1 Account Name - ideaGPRS2 Username - leave Blank3 Password -leave Blank4 Homepage - httpwapideafreshcom5
Posted in Computers amp Technology by vivek soni at 145 AM on June 13 2008Tags gprs help china mad mob
I Want to Improve my english day by day So Plz Tell me What i m Doing for Improve my englishgive me your best idea
try reading aloud as much as you can and ask aomeone to correct u or hrlp u if u dont understand the
pronounciationsTRy to talk in English as much as you canwell ntn its really good that yu want to mprove yur english skills im sure theyll really prve beneficial to you in the coming future n ways ntn some tips from my sidethat will help yu improve yu ur english are i Observe
Posted in Exams Education amp References by ntn jain at 939 PM on October 13 2008Tags want improve english improve best
what is html
they want Text is what you will use English letters just like you use everyday Markup is what you will do You willwrite in plain English and then mark up what you wrote Language Some may argue that technically html is a code
but you write html in plain everyday English languageHi RockyHTML is the code behind your webpage and is whatyour browser looks for to display a webpage the way the webdesigner
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Rocky at 258 PM on May 07 2008Tags html
how I improve my english speech
and be confidentYOU CAN DOWNLOAD A LOT OF SOFTWARES FROM INTERNET IT REALLY HELPSAND ANOTHER IDEA IS TO WATCH ENGLISH CHANNELS LIKE METRO NATION NDTV GOOD TIMESAND DONT FORGET TO WATCH NDTV DISCUSSIONSget to c more english movie join times classes on english
they improvise a lotEnglish can be improved by reading booksnewspaper by discussionsThese are certain tips toimprove english
Posted in Counselling by sagar gawde at 803 PM on February 14 2008Tags improve english speech
What is the best way to enhance skills in English Which is most best website which can help tolearn English from basic to a very high class
will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin thinking in English Listening to Native Speakers as Much asPossible is the good idea to enhance your English language skills Here are someFirst of all be motivated become a
person who likes to learn English Using as many different sources methods and tools as possible will allow you tolearn faster There are many different ways
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 4141
Posted in Self Development by RAVINDRA at 644 PM on October 03 2008Tags best enhance skills website help learn english basic high
Who created the first mouse
to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThe first marketed integrated mouseshipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came from the resemblance of earlymodels which had a cord attached to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThefirst marketed integrated mouse shipped as a part
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Aryan Gusain at 212 PM on July 02 2008Tags created first mouse
Do you have any idea for FRANKLYN INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGE Its a spoken English Institutewhich gives Job Guarantee if anyone knows plz let me know
190A Maniktolla Main Road Kolkata-54 phone no 91-33-32401558 91-33-32428200 frankylnkkghotmailcomhi poonamur question gives an idea dat ur command on english is nt poor why u r lookingYou have heard rightFRANKLYN offers spoken english courses and there is also a lot of students pursuing courses there
882019 List of Commonly Misused English Words
httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllist-of-commonly-misused-english-words 4141
Posted in Self Development by RAVINDRA at 644 PM on October 03 2008Tags best enhance skills website help learn english basic high
Who created the first mouse
to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThe first marketed integrated mouseshipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came from the resemblance of earlymodels which had a cord attached to the rear part of the device suggesting the idea of a tail to the common mouseThefirst marketed integrated mouse shipped as a part
Posted in Computers amp Technology by Aryan Gusain at 212 PM on July 02 2008Tags created first mouse
Do you have any idea for FRANKLYN INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGE Its a spoken English Institutewhich gives Job Guarantee if anyone knows plz let me know
190A Maniktolla Main Road Kolkata-54 phone no 91-33-32401558 91-33-32428200 frankylnkkghotmailcomhi poonamur question gives an idea dat ur command on english is nt poor why u r lookingYou have heard rightFRANKLYN offers spoken english courses and there is also a lot of students pursuing courses there