04/10/23 Lecture 6: ORGANS TISSUES AND ORGANISMS

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Online bioscience course for grades 6-12

Fall 2009

04/10/23 Lecture 6: ORGANS TISSUES AND ORGANISMS

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Class mechanics…

• Attend the online Office Hour on Tuesdays at 3 PM via tokbox-Discuss previous week’s video lecture• Online video lecture e-mailed every Wednesday-view lecture and prepare to discuss the following Tuesday• Comment on video lecture using website discussion board• Online Final Exam given 12/9/2009

04/10/23 Lecture 6: ORGANS TISSUES AND ORGANISMS

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Lecture 6: Organs, tissues and organisms

04/10/23 Lecture 6: ORGANS TISSUES AND ORGANISMS

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Take Homes:

I. MulticellularityII. Organs and tissues: structure and compositionIII. Organs and tissues: genes determine structure and compositionIV. Differentiation and developmentV. Organisms

04/10/23 Lecture 6: ORGANS TISSUES AND ORGANISMS

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Dictyostelium is attracted to cAMP:

http://www.dnatube.com/view_video.php?viewkey=217686ba124d7356686c

04/10/23 Lecture 6: ORGANS TISSUES AND ORGANISMS

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Dictyostelium moves toward cAMPUsing its cytoskeleton:

http://dictybase.org/Multimedia/motility/motility.htm

04/10/23 Lecture 6: ORGANS TISSUES AND ORGANISMS

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Dictyostelium as a model for single cells “going” multiclellular:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictyostelium

“stressed” founder cell secretes cAMP, inducing aggregation

Streaming spiral formation

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Dictyostelium single cells assemble Into a multicellular “slug”:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=518MhtVBJho

04/10/23 Lecture 6: ORGANS TISSUES AND ORGANISMS

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The evolutionary basis of multicellularity:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVqxyYBuI_U

04/10/23 Lecture 6: ORGANS TISSUES AND ORGANISMS

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Take Home I

Organisms are collections of cells organized into tissues and organs…

Multicellularity

04/10/23 Lecture 6: ORGANS TISSUES AND ORGANISMS

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The worm Caenorhabditis elegans-700 cells make all of the tissues and organs:

04/10/23 Lecture 6: ORGANS TISSUES AND ORGANISMS

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The cells that make-up tissues and organs are specialized structurally and compositionally:

04/10/23 Lecture 6: ORGANS TISSUES AND ORGANISMS

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Muscle Structure and Function:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ren_IQPOhJc

04/10/23 Lecture 6: ORGANS TISSUES AND ORGANISMS

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Three Types of Muscle:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PJDrR3sZPZU

04/10/23 Lecture 6: ORGANS TISSUES AND ORGANISMS

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Incredible Human Machine-knowledge on muscle & bone movement:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Rzi7zYlWno

04/10/23 Lecture 6: ORGANS TISSUES AND ORGANISMS

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Take Home II

Organisms are made-up of many cells, which are made-up of many specialized proteins organized into specialized structures according to function…

Organs and tissues: structure and composition

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Various types of actin proteins form filaments in different types of muscle:

04/10/23 Lecture 6: ORGANS TISSUES AND ORGANISMS

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Measuring RNA expression using Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs):

04/10/23 Lecture 6: ORGANS TISSUES AND ORGANISMS

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Actin gene mRNA expression in different types of muscle :

04/10/23 Lecture 6: ORGANS TISSUES AND ORGANISMS

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Measuring protein expression using antibodies and tissue arrays:

04/10/23 Lecture 6: ORGANS TISSUES AND ORGANISMS

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Actin protein expression in different muscle tissues:

04/10/23 Lecture 6: ORGANS TISSUES AND ORGANISMS

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Take Home III

Differential expression of genes govern the protein structure, composition and thus function of cells in tissues and organs…

Organs and tissues: genes determine structure and composition

04/10/23 Lecture 6: ORGANS TISSUES AND ORGANISMS

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Caenorhabditis elegans “fate map”:

04/10/23 Lecture 6: ORGANS TISSUES AND ORGANISMS

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Tagging a gene with GFP:

04/10/23 Lecture 6: ORGANS TISSUES AND ORGANISMS

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In the Beginning... There Was C. Elegans:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M6_0zjEzF6g

04/10/23 Lecture 6: ORGANS TISSUES AND ORGANISMS

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Fluorescent C. elegans nervous system:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LuBF6S6qKas

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Take Home IV

Tissues and organs form from the egg through the processes of cellular differentiation and development, both of which are controlled by genes…

Differentiation and development

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Genes program development:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oc4FAg2I_Z4

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Using our knowledge about genes and development to make a “dinochicken”:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AeYhUUFDiF8

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Take Home V

The fundamental body plan and structure of an organism can be manipulated at the genetic level, and provides ways of testing ideas about evolution…

Organisms

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Next Week:

Physiology

How the cells in tissues and organs function to make organisms work…

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instructorMark E Minie PhD

mark@meminie.com