Learn More About Lubrication

Bob Hoffman – Western Regional Engineering Manager

Nye Lubricants, Inc.

Agenda

The Design Challenge

What is a lubricant?

How do you choose?

Case Studies

Nye Introduction

The Design Challenge

What are the particular challenges in this industry?

Lube for Life

What is a lubricant?

Critical Design Components

Inhibit corrosion

Transfer heat

Aid assembly

Reduce noise

Control motion & feel

Act as a sealant

A lubricant is a material that reduces friction and wear between contacting surfaces.

Lubricants Come in Four Forms

Oils Greases

Solids / Dry Film

Dispersions

How do you choose?

Key Properties of Oils

Viscosity

Temperature

Chemistry

How do you choose?

Viscosity

Picture two plates

Sliding with respect to eachother

Fluid in between

One fixed

The other at constant speed

The viscosity is proportional to the force required to keep the speed constant

Viscosity- simple concept

Fluid Lubrication Regimes

Transmission Dental Handpiece

P - Pressure or Load

V - Velocity

Water Sand Magma?

Load Carrying Capability < = > Thickness of Lubricant Film

F(n) Temperature

F(n) Molecule size

Evaporation

Migration

Chemical Interaction

Viscosity: Importance to Lubrication

V

iscosity

Tem

per

atu

re

Viscosity (at 40°C)

• 3,000,000 cSt Asphalt

• 10,000 cSt Honey

• 2,500 cSt White Glue

• 100 cSt Olive Oil

• 1 cSt Water

Molecular Distribution- Conceptual

Molecule size

Molecule Frequency

Synthetic

Refined

How do you choose?

Temperature

Temperature

Pressure Differential Scanning

Calorimeter (PDSC)

Hot- Oxidation

Hot- Evaporation

Thermo-Gravimetric

Analyzer (TGA)

Cold- Pour Point

How do you choose?

Chemistry

Base Oil Chemistries

Ester

Hydrocarbons

• Mineral Oil

• Polyalphaolefin (PAO)

Fluorinated - PFPE

Silicone

Base Oil Performance

Temperature Range

Chemical compatibility

Plastics and Elastomers

Reactivity (Saponification)

Lubricity / Wear

Cost

Lubricant Additives

Anti-Oxidant

Anti-rust/ corrosion

Extreme Pressure

Viscosity or Friction modifier

Tackifier

Anti-wear/

Polymer

UV or Color Dye

Base Oil

Gellant Additives

Grease

What is a grease?

Gellants

Organic Soaps

Lithium

Sodium

Calcium, Calcium

Sulfonate

Complexes

Non-Soaps

Polyurea

Particles

Clay

Silica

PTFE

Carbon

Penetration Numbers vs. NLGI Grades

NLGI Grade ASTM Worked Penetration Analogy

000 445 – 475 Ketchup

00 400 – 430 Applesauce

0 355 – 385 Mustard

1 310 – 340 Tomato Paste

2 265 – 295 Peanut Butter

3 220 – 250 Vegetable Shortening

4 175 – 205 Frozen Yogurt

5 130 – 160 Cheddar Cheese Spread

6 85 – 115 Fudge

Most

Common

Base Oil

Consistency

Oil Separation

Dropping point

Apparent Viscosity

Grease performance metrics

Case Studies

Key Lubricant Design Considerations

Questions

Situation, Market

Environ-ment

Temper-ature

Materials

What have you tried

Load and Speed

Environ-ment

Production Volume

Packaging

Cost

Dry Film Lubricants

Ultra-Filtration-Precision Bearings

Barrier Films- Oil Migration

Dispersions

Related Topics

Connectors

Nye Introduction

Overview

$50 million annual sales

Fairhaven, MA

170 employees

83,000 square-

foot complex

Annual capacity of

>5 million lbs.

Nye History Since 1844

Nye Corporate Video

1844 1960’s Today

Change to Synthetic Lubricants