Post on 18-Dec-2015
Lavoisier, Proust, Berthollet, and the Laws of Conservation of Mass and Definite Proportions
Madeleine ScriberAnd
Sydney Tress
Antoine Lavoisier
Lavoisier Biography
August 26, 1743- May 8, 1794Born in Paris, FranceStudied at College des Quatre NationsAttended College MazarinColleague: Guillaume-Francois RouelleWon a prize on lighting the streets of ParisDesigned a new method for preparing
saltpeter.Studied the nature of combustion and
devised a system of naming elements
Lavoisier Biography Continued
“Father of Modern Chemistry”He published a documentary, Traité
Elémentaire de ChimieDenied the existence of PhlogistonEstablishment of the Law of Conservation
of Mass
Lavoisier Lab Apparatus
Replica of Lavoisier's calorimeter, a piece of equipment for measuring the amount of heat produced by combustion
Used to investigate combustion. Lavoisier called the gas oxygen
Replica of apparatus for hydrogen combustion experiment, made from a sketch by MadameLavoisier
Lavoisier and Berthollet
They proposed new names for elements. The need for an international nomenclature consistently reflecting the composition of substances became aware to Lavoisier.
Before Lavoisier the language used in chemical texts was full of inconsistencies, imprecision and double meanings.
Joseph Proust
Proust Biography
September 26, 1754- July 5, 1826Born in Angers, FranceTaught Chemistry School at Sergovia and
the University of Salamanca in SpainChemical analystsDiscovered that each pure compound has
its own characteristic elemental composition.
He put hydrogen into the realm of science was disproving Berthollet with the law of definite proportions
Proust Biography Continued
first accumulated conclusive evidence for it in a series of researches on the composition of many substances, especially the oxides of iron
Law of Constant Proportions: known for helping prove the idea that every pure chemical compound consists of elements in a definite proportion
Rival: Berthollet
Claude Louis Berthollet
Berthollet Biography
December 9, 1748- November 6, 1822Born in Talloires, FranceStarted his studies at Chambéry and then
in Turin where he graduated in medicine.Active participant of the Academy of
Science in 1780Rival: ProustHe first produced a modern bleaching
liquid in 1789 in his laboratory in Paris, France, by passing chlorine gas through a solution of sodium carbonate.
Berthollet Biography Continued
• Known for his scientific contributions to theory of chemical equilibrium.• First to demonstrate the bleaching action
of chlorine gas.• First determined the elemental
composition of ammonia.• First proved that chemical reactions and
affinities are dependent upon physical factors, such as mass and temperature.
Berthollet Lab Apparatus
Burette, a commonlaboratory apparatus forcarrying out titration, animportant experimentaltechnique in equilibrium andanalytical chemistry.
Laws of Conservation of Mass and Definite Proportions
• Stated that in a chemical reaction, matter is neither created or destroyed
• It brought to the end the misconception of the existence of Phlogiston.
• An entire class of substances does not follow this rule. The compounds are called non-stiochiometric compounds.• also named berthollides in his honor.
Bibliography
"Antoine Lavoisier." Antoine Lavoisier. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Oct. 2013. <http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/antoine_lavoisier.htm>.
"Joseph Proust." Joseph Proust. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Oct. 2013. <http://www.vzhang.com/vzfiles/joseph_proust.htm>.
"Claude-Louis Berthollet (French Chemist)." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 24 Oct. 2013. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/62812/Claude-Louis-Berthollet>.
Dingrando, Laurel. "Law of Definite Proportions." Chemistry: Matter and Change. New York, NY: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, 2005. 75. Print.