January 23, 2018 1

Land Tenure and Geospatial Data and Technology

Ioana BouvierE3/Land and Urban, USAID

Senior Geospatial Analyst

January 23, 2018

January 23, 2018 2

OUTLINE

1. Overview of geospatial data and technology for land tenure

2. Role of new geospatial technologies in securing land tenure

3. Opportunities and considerations in using geospatial technologies for land tenure and

improved resources governance

4. Implications for sustainable development

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TERMS AND CONCEPTS

Geospatial Data:

• Any data that is linked to a location

Geospatial Technology:

• Range of tools for mapping and data management

• Global Information System (GIS), Global Positioning System (GPS), and satellite imagery

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MANAGING LAND REQUIRES KNOWLEDGE

• Where are the land resources?

• Who has access to these land resources?

• How much land is there?

Geospatial data and technology can help you answer these questions.

GEOSPATIAL DATA AND TECHNOLOGY TO SECURE LAND

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DEVELOPING NATIONS

• Large cities may have invested in a cadastral system

• However, in most of the developing world paper records are prevalent

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LAND RECORDS AND GEOSPATIAL DATA COLLECTION

DEVELOPED NATIONS

• Most land records are digitized

• Records are created and maintained in land administration or cadastral systems

• Collected by professional surveyors and follow legal and accuracy standards

How can geospatial data help bridge this gap?

• Lack of documentation and digital records

• High cost of land surveyors and traditional land administration processes

• Gap between government planned land administration and local/regional priorities

• Emphasis on attracting investments

• Low capacity

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CHALLENGE

MAST is flexible and adaptive approach and can be used for:

• Systematic Registration

• Spot Registration

• Conflict Resolutions

• Sustainable land use planning

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MOBILE APPLICATIONS TO SECURE TENURE – MASTEXAMPLE

CLARIFYING TENURE SYSTEMS: EXAMPLE

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Customary

Customary

Private

Private

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CADASTER EXAMPLE

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CADASTER EXAMPLE

CONSIDERATIONS

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KEY CONSIDERATIONS

• Legal accuracy requirements

• Data collection and management

• Sustainability

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1. ACCURACY REQUIREMENTS

General Rule:

• Highly accurate data is more difficult and more costly to collect and to manage

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URBAN AREAS

• 1 meter, sub-meter requirements

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RURAL AREAS

• Varies, often 2-10 meter requirements

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2. DATA QUALITY

Data quality encompasses the accuracy and precision of both:

• The spatial data

• The attributes

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TOPOLOGY EXAMPLE

• Topology describes spatial

relationships

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3. SUSTAINABILITY

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OPPORTUNITIES AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES

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EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES

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OPERATIONAL GUIDELINES FOR RESPONSIBLE LAND-BASED INVESTMENT

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ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK FOR LAND-BASED INVESTMENTS IN AFRICAN AGRICULTURE

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GEOSPATIAL DATA AND TECHNOLOGY

• Geospatial data can inform such investments to avoid potential land-related conflicts

between investors and communities.

• Maps and analysis can be helpful to investors throughout a project’s life cycle, including:

– Due diligence and pre-project assessment phases

– Negotiations

– Project implementation

– Project close-out

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CLEAN ENERGY INVESTMENT IN MEXICO

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MEXICO: COMPLEX TENURE

INDIVIDUAL PROPERTY

• Private titles

• Registered with the Public Registry of Property

COMMUNITY LANDS:

• “Ejidos” and “comunidades” registered with the National Agrarian Registry

• Individual land and commonly used property rights also exist within the “ejidos”

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CLEAN ENERGY INVESTMENT IN MEXICO EXAMPLE

ACCESS TO LAND IN COLOMBIA

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COLOMBIA: ACCESS TO LAND

• 3% own 60% of registered rural land

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EXAMINING ACCESS TO LAND AND DRIVERS OF CONFLICT

Most recent displaced populations are Afro-Colombians and Indigenous People, who comprise an estimated 15% of Colombia’s population

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ACCESS TO LAND IN COLOMBIA EXAMPLE

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TAKEAWAY #1

Geospatial data and technology play a critical role for clarifying and

strengthening land rights

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TAKEAWAY #2

There are a number of considerations associated with spatial land

data collection and management to secure tenure

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TAKEAWAY #3

Opportunities exist for linking spatial data to existing frameworks and

guidance

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TAKEAWAY #4

Technology development and web mapping allow for improved access

to geospatial land data

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RESOURCES

Learn more:

• USAID Land Links resources

• Additional Resources on Geospatial data/emerging technologies

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E3/Land and Urban Officewww.LandLinks.orglandmatters@usaid.gov#landmatters #landrights

January 23, 2018