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SYLLABUS IN LABOR RELATIONS LAW204M

Atty. Domingo T. Añonuevo

DLSU o!!ege o" L#$%t#nonuevo&'!%t%(!.net

)*+,-/-2,,4/

OURSE DESRITION1

 This course is about the legal relations of employees and theiremployers as delineated by the employees’ ig3t( to (e!"og#ni5#tion6 7o!!e7tive 8#g#ining6  and 7on7ete% #7tivitie(,

including the  ig3t to  (ti9e, on one hand, the employers’m#n#gement 'eog#tive(  and ig3t to !o79out6 on the otherhand6 as well as the various other modes  of !#8o %i('utee(o!ution.

LEARNIN: OUTOMES ;LO<1

On completion of the course, the student is expected to be ableto restate and discuss:

1. the State policies on labor relations

!. the meaning, scope, and bases of the rights to self"organi#ation,collective bargaining, and concerted activities, including the rightto stri$e, as well as the meaning, scope, and bases ofmanagement prerogatives

%. the rules regulating organi#ation, management, and activities oflabor organi#ations

&. what an appropriate bargaining unit is, how it is determined, andhow its bargaining representative is selected

'. the process of collective bargaining and negotiation and how acollective bargaining agreement ()*+ is administered

-. what unfair labor practices are

. the meaning, basis and limitations of stri$es and other union

* This syllabus is intended to be used only in Atty. Añonuevo’s Law204M class. It shouldnot be reproduced or any other purpose! nor uploaded to any internet site! without hise"press authori#ation.

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concerted activities as well as employer loc$"out and

/. the rudimentary rules of labor relations in the public sector and

0. urisdiction and procedures in settling labor disputes

RE=UIREMENTS AND ASSESSMENTS1

 The student will be assessed during the term by the following:

!#(( e7it#tion-0>

In%ivi%u#! e'ot( on any of the followinga. # !#8o og#ni5#tion egi(tee% in 20-4 o 20-?

(with emphasis on the process of union organi#ation andregistration, and the particular legal and practicalchallenges the organi#ation faced in the process.b. # BA egi(tee% in 20-4 o 20-? (with emphasis onhow the union got certi2ed as bargaining agent, how thecollective bargaining negotiation went, and the particularlegal and practical challenges the parties met faced in theprocess.c. # noti7e o" (ti9e t3#t $#( @!e% in 20-4 o 20-? (with emphasis on the dispute involved, how it was

resolved, and the particular legal and practical challengesthe union met faced in the process.3ue on: 44444444444444444 

-?>

#n%$itten 7#(e %ige(t(3ue on: 44444444444444444 

-?>

=ui55e( +0>in#! eC#min#tion +0>

-00>

REERENES

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1. 10/ )onstitution of the 5hilippines

!. 5.3. 6o. &&! (the 7abor )ode of the 5hilippines, as amended

%. 3.O. 6o. &8"8%, as amended

&. 9xecutive Order 6o. 1/8 (10/

'. +mended ules ;overning the 9xercise of the ight of ;overnment9mployees to Self"Organi#ation the <mplementing ules

-. ).). )7+=3<O, T>9 7+*O )O39 O? T>9 5><7<55<69S +63 97+T937+@S A =79S @<T> 6OT9S +63 ><STOB, 5art One, !81% edition.

.

OTER READIN: MATERIALS

1. Sibal, Corge. !88&. A Century of the Philippine Labor Movement .( http:DDro.uow.edu.auDcgiDviewcontent.cgiEarticleF188'AcontextFunityAsei"redirF1GsearchFH!!historyIofI5hilippineIlaborImovementH!!

!. 9<79.10/. GTU: kurso sa tunay na unyonismo.

%. Ofreneo, ene. !88-. Globalization and Unionism: The MUChallen!e

(http:DDsolair.upd.edu.phDimagesDOfreneo,H!8eneH!8"H!8;lobali#ationH!8andH!8=nionismH'*1H'3.pdf

"# $itonio% $enedi&to 'rnesto# orkers )epresentation Amidst Labor*le+ibility: ,nsi!ht from the Philippine '+perien&e#(http:--solair#upd#edu#ph-ima!es-bitonio.paper#pdf/

0# A!anon% Marie% et al#% 1223# Union )evitalization and SocialJovement =nionism in the 5hilippines: + >andboo$. ?riedrich 9bertStiftung and =.5. School of 7abor and <ndustrial elations.( http:--444#fes#or!#ph-media-uploads-do&uments-smu.handbook#5an11#pdf 

-. Januel, Jarlon. The evised ules on the ight to Self"Organi#ation:+ )ritiKue to 3epartment Order 6o. &8, Series of !88%.http:--444#ateneola45ournal#&om-Media-uploads-2673f818ba2b"07830d"9f2"0;af3f#pdf 

ou(e Out!ine

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ART III LABOR OR:ANIATION

+. 5olicy 7), +rt. !1/+(b, (c, A (g

*. 3e2nitions:1. 7abor organi#ation 7), +rt. !10 (g <, *oo$ L, ule

<, Sec. 1 (cc

  !. =nion <, *oo$ L, ule <, Sec. 1 (##

  %. @or$ers +ssociation <, *oo$ L, ule <, Sec. 1 (ccc

  &. 7egitimate labor organi#ation 7), +rt. !10 (h <, *oo$ L, ule<, Sec. 1 (ee

  '. 7egitimate wor$ers’ association <, *oo$ L, ule <, Sec. 1 (M

$ebu %ea&en's Association!Inc. vs. (errer)$allea, !1!S)+ '8(100!

  -. )ompany =nion 7), +rts. !10 (< A !'0 (d

). =nion ationale Gui5arno v# C,), '! S)+ %8(10%

3. ;overnment egulation

  1. =nion egistration:

a. 3e2nition <, *oo$ L, ule <, Sec. 1(KK+A(L, v. %ecretary 6 :.R. No.L2222/6 e8u#y 26-,*,.

b. eKuirements +rts. !&8, !&1, !&& A !&08 <,*oo$ L, ule <<<, Sec. ! anMi!uel Corp# 'mployees Union v#M Pa&kin!% '%% S)+ 1!'(!88 Pro!ressive <evelopment Corp# v# e&retary of Labor , !8'

S)+ /8! (100! Takata(Philippines/ Corporation v# $L),;.. 6o. 10-!-, Cune &, !81&

c. +ction on +pplication 7), +rts. !&! A !&% <, *oo$ L,ule <L, Secs. &"

d. 9Mect of egistration <, *oo$ L, ule <L, Sec. / A ule

ART I STATE OLIIES ON LABOR RELATIONS

+. LoluntaryDdemocratic modes ofdispute settlement

1. 7abor dispute

!. 5referred modes of disputesettlement

%. 6on"interference bygovernment

7abor )ode (7), +rt. !10(l anMi!uel Corp# 'mployees Union v#$ersamira, ;.. 6o. /88, Cune1%, 1008 =ala!ue>a v# PAL, ;..6o. 1!81%, October !, !880

Portillo v# )udolf Lietz% ,n&#, ;..10-'%0, October 18, !81!

)O6ST., +rt. N<<<, Sec. %., par. %7), +rt. !1/ +(a ?iok Loy v#@L)C, ;.. 6o. 7"'&%%&, Canuary!!, 10/- &out )amon # AlbanoMemorial Colle!e v# @oriel, /'S)+ &0& (10/

7), +rt. !1/ * +rts. !%&, !!&(c A!/(h

*. Trade unionism 7), +rt. !1/ +(b A (c

). @or$er enlightenment 7), +rts. !1/ +(d, !&- (p A !0!(a

3. +deKuate machinery forexpeditious dispute settlement

)O6ST., +rt. <<<, Sec. 1- 7), +rts.!1/ +(e A !1/(l +rt. !%& +rts.!! A +rt. !0!(i A 9.O. !- (100!

9. <ndustrial 5eace A Tripartism 7), +rts. !1/ +(f, !08, A !0! (g+rt. !!8 (!nd  par. +rt. 1!8 1!1(!nd par. 1!! (&th par. A 1/!(a

?. @or$er participation in decisionand policy ma$ing processesaMecting rights, duties and welfare

Contra: Janagement 5rerogatives(J5

1. J5: basis

!. J5: de2nition and scope

7), +rts. !1/ +(g, A !-, par. !.+. 6o. -01, Sec. ' Philippine

 Airlines% ,n&# v# @L)C6 !!' S)+%81 (100%

)O6ST., +rt. <<, Sec. !8 and +rt.N<<<, Sec. %, par. &

Chu v# @L)C, !%! S)+ -&(100& an Mi!uel $re4ery ales*or&e Union (PTGB/ v# Bple, 18S)+ !' (10/0 Philippine

 Airlines% ,n&# v# @L)C, !!' S)+%81 (100% Union of the *ilipro

'mployees<ru! v# @estle% ;.. 6o.1'/0%8"%1, +ugust !!, !88-

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<<<, Sec. !, par. 9 Le!end,nternational )esorts Limited v#?ilusan! Man!!a!a4a n!Le!enda% ;.. 6o.1-0'&,?ebruary !%, !811

e. +cKuisition of 7egal5ersonality

7), +rts. !&8 A !&1 <, *oo$ L,ule <<<, Sec. ! 9.

f. ights of 7egitimate 7aborOrgani#ation

7), +rt. !'1 A&edera v#,nternational Container Terminalervi&es% ,n&#, ;.. 6o. 1&-8%,

 Canuary 1%, !88%

g. 9Mects on 6on"egistration <, *oo$ L, ule <L, Sec. /Tropi&al =ut 'mployees Union v#Tropi&al =ut *ood Market% ,n&#% 1/1 S)+ 1% (1008

  !. )ancellation of =nion)erti2cate of egistration 

7), +rts. !&', !&-, !& !'8(,7ast ! par., A !&/ <, *oo$ L,ule <, Sec. 1(g A ule N<L AirPhil# Corp# v# $L)% &0! S)+ !&%(!88- ## entures,nternational% ,n&# v# ## enturesLabor Union, ;.. 6o. 1-1-08,

 Culy !%, !88/ Mari4asa iam

Cerami&s% ,n&# v# The e&retary of the <epartment of Labor and'mployment% et al#, ;.. 6o.1/%%1, 3ecember !1, !880 T he=erita!e =otel Manila v# @ationalUnion of orkers in the =otel%)estaurant and Allied ,ndustries=erita!e =otel Manilaupervisors Chapter (@U=)A,@==MC/% ;.. 6o. 1/!0-,

 Canuary 1!, !811 Takata(Philippines/ Corporation v# $L),;.. 6o. 10-!-, Cune &, !81&

9. <nternational +ctivities of =nion 7), +rts. !/&"!/-

?. =nion Jember elations 7), +rts. !'8 A !-8(a UT*a&ulty Union v# $itonio% ;.. 6o.

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1%1!%', 6ovember 1-, 1000

  1. +dmission and 3iscipline ofJembers

7), +rts. !-8(a, !'8(a, (e A!0!(c alun!a v# C,), !1 S)+!1- (10- illar v# ,n&ion!, 1!1

S)+ &&& (10/%3ue 5rocess $u!ay v# ?apisanan n! m!a

Man!!a!a4a sa M)), & S)+&/ (10-!

  !. 9lection of OPcers 7), +rt. !'8 (c, (f A ($ *oo$ L,ule N<<

a. Quali2cations 7), +rt. !'8 (c A (f

b. Janner of 9lection 7), +rt. !'8 (c

c. Tenure 7), +rt. !'8 (cd. )ompensation 7), +rt. !'8($

e. @ho may vote 7), +rt. !'8 (c Tan&in&o v#Calle5a, 1' S)+ !8% (10//

?. 9Mect of election ?apisanan v# Tra5ano, 1%& S)+!%- (10/'

  %. Jaor policy matter 7), +rt. !'8 (d

  &. =nion funds 7), +rts. !'8(a (b (c (g (h (i

( ($ (l (m (n (o <, *oo$ L,ule N<<<

5ayment of attorney’s fees andspecial assessments

7), +rts. !'8 (o (n A !!/ (bGabriel v# e&retary of Labor , ;..6o. 11'0&0, Jarch 1-, !888

  '. Jandatory +ctivity 7), +rt. !'8 (o Galvadores v#Tra5ano, 1&& S)+ 1%/ (10/-

  -. =nion <nformation DObligation 7), +rt. !'8 (p

  . 9nforcement and remedies

<ntra"union disputes urisdiction procedure andsanctions:

7), +rt. !'8 penultimate and last

par., and +rt. !&' <, *oo$ L,ules N<, N<<, N<<<, N<L A NL<iokno v# Ca&da&% 01; C)A ""2(1228/D 'mployees Union of$ayer Phils# v# $ayer Philippines,n&#, ;.. 6o. 1-!0&%, 3ecember-, !818 )odri!uez v# <ire&tor ,

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;.. 6os. -'0"/!, +ugust %1,10// <uya! v# ,n&ion!, 0/ S)+'!! (10/8

;. =nion )hartering and +Pliation:

7ocal and 5arent =nion elations1. +Pliates and chartered locals,

national unions andfederations

!. egistration

<, *oo$ L, ule <, Sec. 1(a (i (w($$

<, *oo$ L, ule <<< Pro!ressive<evelopment Corp# v# e&retaryof Labor , !8' S)+ /8! (100!

!. 5urpose nature of relationsPro!ressive <evelopment Corp# v#e&retary of Labor , !8' S)+ /8!(100! *ilipino Pipe E *oundryCorp# v# @L)C, ;.. 6o. 11'1/8,6ovember 1-, 1000

%. +Pliation of both supervisoryand ran$"and"2le unions withone mother union

7), +rts. !'' A !'-

&. 7ocal union disaPliation:nature of right and legality

@ational Union of $ank'mployees v# Philnabank'mpoyees Asso&iation, ;.. 6o.1&!/, +ugust 1!, !81%

@hen a local union shoulddisaPliate

 Allian&e of @ationalist andGenuine Labor Br!anization v#amana, !'/ S)+ %1 (100-

#t I TE ARORIATE BAR:AININ: UNIT

+. 7aw and 3e2nition <, *oo$ L, ule 1, Sec. 1(d 7),+rts. !-A !-/ $ely&aCorporation v# Calle5a, 1-/ S)+1/& (10//

*. 3etermination of +ppropriate*argaining =nit

  1. ?actors =nit 3etermination U#P# v# *errerCalle5a, !11 S)+&'1 (100! an Mi!uel Corp# v#La!uesma% !%- S)+ '0'

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(100& an Mi!uel *oods% ,n&# v#an Mi!uel Corp# upervisorsand '+empt Union% ;.. 6o.1&-!8- +ugust 1, !811.

  !. =nit Severance and ;lobe3octrine Me&hani&al <epart Labor Unionv# C,)% !& S)+ 0!' (10-/

  %. Si#e of =nit and 9Mect on Self"Organi#ation

*iloil )eFnery Corporation v#*iloil upervisory andConFdential 'mployees

 Asso&iation% &- S)+ '1! (10!

  &. 9Mect of 5rior +greement General )ubber and *oot4earCorp# v# $L)% 1'' S)+ !/%(100

). 3etermining +gency *iloil )eFnery Corporation v#*iloil upervisory andConFdential 'mployees

 Asso&iation% &- S)+ '1!(10! 7), +rt. !%! <, *oo$ L,ule <, Sec. 1(ii ule L<<<, Sec. !

#t UNION RERESENTATION1ESTABLISIN: UNION MAFORITY STATUS

+. 5re")ondition: 9mployer"9mployeeelationship

 Allied *ree orkers Union v# CiaMaritima, 10 S)+ !'/ (10-

*. Jethods of 9stablishing JaorityStatus

  1. 5olicyDationale <, *oo$ L, ule L<, Sec. 1 7),+rt. !1/ (b )O6ST., +rt. N<<<,Sec. % )eyes v# Tra5ano, !80S)+ &/& (100! @ational Minesand Allied orkers Union v#e&retary of Labor% ! S)+/!1 (100% amahan!Man!!a!a4a sa P)'M' v#e&retary of Labor , ;.. 6o.18!, Jarch !, 100/

  !. Loluntary ecognition 7), +rt. !'1(c <, *oo$ L, ule <,

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Sec. 1 (bbb, ule L<, Sec. !, Aule L<<

9Mects <, *oo$ L, ule L<<, Sec. &

  %. 9lections

a. )erti2cation election 7), +rt. !-/ <, *oo$ L, ule <,Sec. 1 (h (ll L<<<, <N A N

b. )onsent election <, *oo$ L, ules <, Sec. 1 (h AL<<<, Secs. 18, 11, !%

9Mects <, *oo$ L, ule L<<<, Sec. !%

c. un"oM election 7), +rt. !-/, par. 1, penultimatesentence <, *oo$ L, ule <, Sec.1 (ss A ule N

  &. Lenue of 5etition <, *oo$ L, ule L<<<, Sec. !Cruzvale ,n&# v# La!uesma, !%/S)+ %/0 (100&

). )erti2cation 9lection R 5rocess: <, *oo$ L, ules L<<<, <N A N

  1. The =nion as <nitiating 5arty 7), +rt. !'1 (b <, *oo$ L, uleL<<<, Sec. 1

a. Organi#ed 9stablishment 7), +rts. !-/ A !-& <, *oo$ L,ule <, Sec. 1 (ll

i 5etition *efore ?reedom5eriod 7), +rts. !-& A !-/ *oo$ L, uleL<<<, Sec. % (d Sec. 1%, par. 1 Atlanti& Gulf and Pa&iF& Co#Manila ,n&# v# La!uesma% !1!S)+ !/1 (100!

ii 5etition *eyond ?reedom5eriod

@ational Con!ress of Union inu!ar ,ndustry v# *errerCalle5a,!8' S)+ &/ (100!

iii ?iling 5arty <, *oo$ L, ule L<<<, Sec. 1

Jisrepresentation by =nionOPcers <=L Phil# Corp# United )A* Asso&iation H ** v# $uklod n!Man!!a!a4a, ;.. 6o. 1'!80&,

 Culy !!, !88&

iv ?orm of 5etition <, *oo$ L, ule L<<<, Sec. &@ational Mines and Alliedorkers Union v# e&retary of

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Labor , !! S)+ /!1

v Substantial Support 7), +rt. !-/ <, *oo$ L, ule L<<<,Sec. &(g Sec. 1&(f 100 <,ule N<, Sec. 11, ll(e Port

orkers Union et&# v# <BL', !8S)+ %!0 (100! Briental TinCan Labor Union v# e&retary ofLabor , !0& S)+ -&8 (100/

vi ?orced <nterventionDJotion for <ntervention

<, *oo$ L, ule L<<<, Secs. A /Phil# Assn# of *ree Labor Union v#Calle5a% 1-0 S)+ &01 (10/0

  b. =norgani#ed 9stablishment 7), +rts. !& A !-! u!buanon )ural $ank v# La!uesma% ;.. 6o.11-10&, ?eb. !, !888

!. The 9mployer as <nitiating5artyD *ystander ule

7), +rts. !8 A !1 <, *oo$ L,ule L<<<, Sec. 1, par. ! =er&ules,ndustries% ,n&# v# e&retary ofLabor % !1& S)+ 1!0 (100!

  %. esponsible +gency <, *oo$ L, ule L<<<, Sec. !

  &. eKuisite for Lalidity of 9lectionD?ailure of 9lection

7), +rt. !-/ <, *oo$ L, ule <,Sec. 1 (K A ule <N, Secs. 1, 1/,10 $en!uet 'le&tri& Coop# ,n&# v#

Calle5a% 1/8 S)+ &8 (10/0  '. 6ature of 5roceeding Port orkers Union et&# v#

<BL', !8 S)+ %!0 (100!

  -. )erti2cation 9lection 5rocessand 5rocedure

<, *oo$ L, ules L<<< A <N

a. 9Mect of 5rivate +greement PLUM *ederation of ,ndustrialand A!rarian orkers v# @oriel,110 S)+ !00 (10/!

b. 5osting 6otice <, *oo$ L, ule <, Sec. 1 (o ule

<N, Sec. - Iiss&or ,ndependentUnion v# Torres% !!1 S)+ -00(100%

c. Loters’ 7ist <, *oo$ L, ule <N, Sec. ' ule <,Sec. 1 (K

d. 3ismissed employees Jokohama Tire Phil#% ,n&# v#

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Jokohama 'mployees Union, '%0S)+ ''- (!88

e. Loting 3ayDLenue <, *oo$ L, ule <N, Sec. !  Asian<esi!n and Manufa&turin! Corp#

v# Calle5a% 1& S)+ & (10/0f. )onduct of 9lection <, *oo$ L, ule <N, Secs. 1 A 1'

=er&ules ,ndustries% ,n&# v# e&#<BL', !1& S)+ 1!0 (100!

g. 5rotest’ 5eriod <, *oo$ L, ule <N, Secs. 1! and1% ule <, Sec. 1 (p amahann! Man!!a!a4a v# La!uesma% !- S)+ %8% (100

h. +ppeal 5eriod 7), +rt. !! <, *oo$ L, ule L<<<,

Secs. 1"!1i. 6ulli2cation of 9lection results United 'mployees Union of

Gelmart ,ndustries v# @oriel, -S)+ !- (10'

3. )erti2cation of 3esignatedJaority =nion

7), +rt. !-/ A !-0 <, *oo$ L,ule <, Sec. 1(t A ule <N, Secs.1- A !8 Militante v# @L)C, !&-S)+ %-' (100' Phil# <iamond=otel and )esort% ,n&# (Manila

<iamond =otel/ v# Manila<iamond =otel 'mployees Union,;.. 6o. 1'/8', Cune %8, !88-

9. *ars to )erti2cation 9lection

1. One Bear *arD)erti2cation yearule

<, *oo$ L, ule L<<<, Sec. %(a A1&(c )# Transport Corp# v#La!uesma% !! S)+ /!(100% ?aisahan n!Man!!a!a4an! Pilipino v#Tra5ano, !81 S)+ &'% (1001

  !. 6egotiation *ar ule <, *oo$ L, ule L<<<, Secs. %(b A1&(d

  %. 3eadloc$ *ar ule <, *oo$ L, ule L<<<, Sec. %(cA1&(d <ivine ord Universityof Ta&loban v# e&# Bf Labor and'mployment% !1% S)+ '0

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(100!

  &. )ontract *ar ule 7), +rts. !%/ !-/ !-', !nd sentence A !-1 <, *oo$ L, uleL<<<, Sec. %(d, 1&(b A Sec. !&

Cole!io de an Iuan de Letran v# Asso&. ;.. 6o. 1&1&1,September 1/, !888D amahann! Man!!a!a4a sa Perme+ v#e&# of Labor , !/- S)+ -0!(100/ amahan n!Man!!a!a4a sa Pa&iF& Plasti& v#La!uesma, !- S)+ %8% (100

?. 9Mect of 5etition ?or )ancellation of  Trade =nion egistration

<, *oo$ L, ule N<, Sec. %, !nd par., amahan n! Man!!a!a4a

sa Pa&iF& Plasti& v# La!uesma,!- S)+ %8% (100

ART I OLLETIE BAR:AININ:1:ENERAL ONET6 ROEDURE AND ISSUES

+. ;eneral )oncept

  1. 5olicy 3eclaration 7), +rts. !1/(+ (a A !1/(*)O6ST. +rt. N<<<, Sec. %

  !. 6ature and 5urpose ?iok Loy v# @L)C% 1&1 S)+ 10(10/-

*. *argainable <ssues 7), +rt. !-% Manila *ashions v#@L)C% !-& S)+ 18& (100-Union of *ilipro 'mployees<ru! v# @estle% ;.. 6o.1'/0%8"%1, +ugust !!, !88-

  1. )*+ <nterpretation amahan n! Man!!a!a4a saTop *orm Manufa&turin! v#@L)C, !0' S)+ 11 (100/

). *argaining 5rocedure <, *oo$ L, ule NL<

  1. 5rivate 5rocedure 7), +rt. !-!

  !. 7abor )ode 5rocedure 7), +rts. !-1, !-/, !%/ A !-'Calte+ )eFnery 'mployees

 Asso&iation v# $rillantes% !0

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S)+ !1/ (100

  %.)onciliationDpreventive mediation 7), +rts. !'' (c, (d, (e A !%09.O. !'1, Sec. & Tabi!ue v#,nternational Copra '+port

Corp#, ;.. 6o. 1/%%%',3ecember !%, !880 <, *oo$ L,ule NN<<, Secs. 1 A 0-,/AI-)A+L)I,( 1usit/otel -io $hapter v. $A6:.R. No. -*+,426 Novem8e--6 200/

  &. 3uty to *argain 7), +rts. !-!"!-& !'1(c!'0(g !'&(c P#,# Mf!# ,n&# v#P#,# Mf!# upervisorsK and

*oremen Asso&iation, '&% S)+-1% (!88/ Cole!io de an

 Iuan de Letran v# Asso&#% ;..6o. 1&1&1, September 1/,!888 *a&ulty Asso&iation ofMAPUA v CA, !'& S)+ 80(!88

3. The )ollective *argaining+greement

  1. 3e2nitionD)ontents <, *oo$ L, ule <, Sec. 1( 7),+rt. !%

  !. egistration 7), +rt. !% <, *oo$ L, uleNL<<, Secs. 1"%

  %. *ene2ciaries 7), +rt. !- Ma&tan orkersUnion v# Aboitiz% &' S)+ '(!

  &. Jinutes of 6egotiation amahan n! Man!!a!a4a saTop *orm Manufa&turin! v#

@L)C% !0' S)+ 11 (100/  '. <nterpretation, +dministration

and 9nforcement@orkis *ree and ,ndependentorkers Union v# @orkis Tradin!Co#, ;.. 6o. 1'80/ Cune %8,!88' University of an

 A!ustin% ,n&# v# UA'U** ,;.. 6o. 1'0&, Culy !%, !880.

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a. 6ature Pantran&o @orth '+press% ,n&# v#@L)C, !'0 S)+ 1-1 (100-<ole Phils# ,n&# v# Pa4is n!Makabayan! Bbrero, ;.. 6o.1&--'8, Canuary 1%, !88%

b. ;rievance 5rocedure 7), +rts. !- A !& UA'U** v# CA% ;.. 6o. 1-0-%!,Jarch !/, !88- Atlas *arm%,n&# v# @L)C, ;.. 6o. 1&!!&&,6ovember 1/, !88!

c. )ontract +mbiguity =oly Cross of <avao Colle!e%,n&# v# =oly Cross *a&ultyUnion ?AMAP,, ;.. 6o.1'-80/ Cune !, !88'

d. )ontract 3uration and enewal 7), +rts. !-' A !-& <, *oo$ L,ule NL<<, Sec. A / @e4Pa&iF& Timber v# @L)C, ;.. 6o.1!&!!&, Jarch 1, !888)ivera v# 'spiritu, ;.. 6o.1%''&, Canuary !%, !88!Meral&o v# e&# uisimbin! ;..6o. 1!'0/, +ugust 1, !888

e. )*+ and %rd 5arty 7iability  Asso&iated Labor Unions v#

@L)C% !8& S)+ 01% (1001f. )*+ and 3isaPliation 'lis&o'lirol Labor Union v#

@oriel , /8 S)+ -/! (10

g. Curisdiction of Loluntary+rbitrators

7), +rts. !&, !' A !!&(c

ART II UNAIR LABOR RATIE

+. <n ;eneral

  1. 3e2nition and ;eneral )oncept 7), +rts. !10($ A !'/Culili v# 'asternTele&ommuni&ationsPhilippines% ,n&#% ;.. 6o.1-'%/1, ?ebruary 0, !811 Gala+ie teel orkers Union v#@L)C% ;.. 6o. 1-'',

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October !88- terlin!Produ&ts ,nternational% ,n&# v#e&retary of Labor , S)+ &&-(10-%

!. eKuisitesa. 9mployer"9mployeeelationship

 Ameri&an President Lines ,n&#v# Clave,11& S)+ /!- (/!

b. +ct must be speci2callyde2ned in the law

7), +rts. !'0 A !-8

  %. *urden of proof. Tiu v# @L)C, !! S)+ -/8(100 Central Azu&arera <e$ais 'mployees Union@*L v#Central Azu&arera <e $ais%

,n&#% ;.. 6o. 1/--8',6ovember 1, !818 Union of*ilipro 'mployees<*A?MU v#@estle Philippines, <nc., ;..6os. 1'/0%8"%1

  &. <nterpretation Calte+ *ilipino Mana!ers andupervisors Assn# v# C,), &&S)+ %'8 (10!

  '. <nter"relations of =57 +cts 7), +rts. !'0 A !-8 )epubli&

avin!s $ank v# C,)% !1 S)+!!- (10-

*. +cts Liolative of ight to Self"Organi#ation

  1. <nterference, estraint and)oercion

7), +rts. !'0(a A !0!(g A (h,A !'& (a =a&ienda *atima v#@ational *ederation ofu!ar&ane orkers*ood, ;..6o. 1&0&&8, Canuary !/, !88%

a. <nterrogation &otyKs <epartment tore v#Mi&aller , ;.. 6o. 7"/11-,+ugust !', 10'- Philippineteam @avi!ation Co# v# Phil#Marine B&ers Guild% 1' S)+1& (10-'

b. Speech, 9spionage, 9conomic The ,nsular Life Assuran&e Co#

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)oercion Ltd#% 'mployees Assn# v#,nsular Life Assuran&e Co# 7td.,% S)+ !&% (101

c. )oncerted +ctivities Philippine $loomin! Mills

'mployees Br!anization v#Philippines $loomin! Mills% Co#%'1 S)+ 1/0 (10% )epubli&avin!s $ank v# C,), ;.. 6o. 7"!8%8%, September !, 10-

  !. 6on"=nion Jembership or@ithdrawal from Jembershipas a condition of 9mployment(yellow"dog contract

7), +rt. !'0(b isayantevedore Trans# Co# v# C,),10S)+ &!- (10-

  %. )ontracting out to 3iscourage=nionism

7), +rt. !'0(c $ankard% ,n&# v#@L)C, ;.. 6o. 11--&, Jarch-, !81%

  &. )ompany 3omination of =nion 7), +rt. !'0(d Pro!ressive<evelopment Corp# v# C,)% /8S)+ &%& (10

  '. 3iscrimination to 9ncourageD3iscourage =nionism

7), +rt. !'0(e

a. Lalid discrimination: union

security clause reKuisites

 Alaban! Country Club% ,n&# v#

@L)C% '&' S)+ %'1 (!88/<el Monte v# Naldivar% ;.. 6o.1'/-!8, 11 October !88- $P,v# $L, 'mployees Union H<avaoChapter% *ederation of Unionsin $P, Unibank% ;.. 6o.1-&%81, Au!ust 72% 1272 AB&tober 73% 1277

b. )ollection of agency fees 7), +rt. !'0(e <el Pilar A&ademy et al#% v# <el Pilar

 A&ademy 'mployees Union%;.. 6o. 1811!, +pril %8,!88/

  -. etaliation: Testimony +gainst9mployerD<ndirectdiscrimination

7), +rt. !'0(f =#G# =enaresE ons v# @ational Labor Union,;.. 6o. 1'%', 3ecember !/,10-1D Mabeza v# @L)C, ;..

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6o. 11/'8-, +pril 1/, 100,to!onuyo& Mines% ,n&# v#$aldo, ;.. 6o. 1%0,3ecember !&, 10-&.

. <llegal 9xaction?eatherbedding 7), +rt. !-8(d

  /. Janagement 5rerogative and=nfair 7abor 5ractices

hell Bil orkers Union v# hellCo# of the Phils# Ltd#, %0 S)+!- (101D an Mi!uel Corp#'mployees Union v# $ersamira%1/- S)+ &0- (1008

). +cts Liolative of ight to )ollective*argaining

  1. Liolation of 3uty to *argain 7), +rts. !'0(g, !-8(c, A !-!"!-& hell Bil orkers Union v#hell Co# of the Phils# Ltd#% %0S)+ !- (101 GeneralMillin! Corp# v# CA% ;..1&-!/, ?ebruary 11, !88&Central Azu&arera <e $ais'mployees Union@*L v#Central Azu&arera <e $ais%,n&#% ;.. 6o. 1/--8',

6ovember 1, !818 t# IohnColle!es% ,n&# v# t# Iohn

 A&ademy *a&ulty and'mployees Union% ;.. 6o.1-/0!, October !, !88-Union of *illipro 'mployees H<*A v# @estle Phil# ,n&#% ;.. 6o.1'/0%8, Jarch %, !88/ 

!. 6egotiation or +ttorney’s ?ees 7), +rts. !'0(h A !-8(e

  %. ;ross Liolation of )ollective*argaining +greement 7), +rt. !'0(i, !-8(f, A !& Arellano University 'mployeesand orkers Union v# CA% ;..6o. 1%00&8, September 10,!88- an Mi!uel *oods% ,n&# v#MC 'mployees UnionPTGB%'%' S)+ 1%% (!88

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'mployees Union of $ayerPhils# v# $ayer Philippines ,n&#% ;.. 6o. 1-!0&%, 3ecember -,!818

3. Jotive, )onduct and 5roof   1. 9mployer Jotive and 5roof  Phil# Metal *oundries% ,n&# v#

C,), 08 S)+ 1%' (100

  !. Totality of 9vidence )oyal Under!armentCorporation of the Phil# v# C,)% 1/- S)+ !/ (1008

9. 9nforcement, emedies andSanctions

  1. 5arties +gainst @hom =75

)ommitted

7), +rts. !'/ "!-8, A !10(e,

(f, A (g

  !. 5arties 7iable for +cts

a 9mployer 7), +rts. !'0 A %8%"%8&

b 7abor Organi#ation 7), +rts. !-8 A %8%"%8&@ational Labor Union v# C,)% 11- S)+ &1 (10/!

  %. 5rosecution and 5rescriptive5eriod

a )ivil +spect 7), +rt. !-8, pars. !"& A %8-

b )riminal +spect 7), +rts. !'0 A %8'

  &. )ompromise CCLC '#G# Go&han!&o orkersUnion v# @L)C 1-1 S)+ -'-(10//

  '. emedies and Sanctions

a )ivil emedies 7), +rts. !'0, !nd A %rd par.uadra v# CA, ;.. 6o. 1&'0%,

 Culy %1, !88-b 5enal emedies 7), +rts. !'0 %8%"%8'

ART III UNION ONERTED ATIITIES

+. *asis of ight to 9ngage in

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)oncerted +ctivities

  1. )onstitution )O6ST., +rt. N<<<, Sec. % $isi!n! Man!!a!a4a sa Con&rete

 A!!re!ates% ,n&# v# @L)C, !!-S)+ &00 (100%

  !. Statutory 7), +rts. !1/"+(a, (b, A (c, A!-/(a A (b <, *oo$ L, uleNN<< ,la4 at $uklod n!Man!!a!a4a (,$M/ v# @L)C,10/S)+ '/- (1001

  %. 7imitations $atan!as La!una Tayabas $usCo# v# @L)C% !1! S)+ 0!(100!

*. Stri$e

  1. 3e2nition 7), +rt. !10(o <, *oo$ L, ule<, Sec. 1(uu GE TransportCorp# v# Tito # ,nfante% '%%S)+ !// (!88 $ukluran n!Man!!a!a4a sa Clothmen?nittin! Corp# H olidarity ofUnions v# CA, ;.. 1'/1'/

 Canuary 1, !88' Di$# ng

#g9#9#i(#ALU v. i!teCInten#tion#! o'.6 4+ SRA2- ;-,2<

  !. 6ature and 5urpose $atan!as La!una Tayabas $usCo# v# @L)C% !1! S)+ 0!(100!

  %. ationale for egulation by 7aw Lapanday orkers Union v#@L)C% !&/ S)+ 0' (100' ta#)osa Co&aCola Plant

'mployees Union v# CC$P, ;..6o. 1-&%8!"8%, !& Canuary!88

  &. 9Mect on @or$ elationship 7), +rt. !1/(o 's&ario v#@L)C, ;.. 6o. 1-8%8!,September !, !818

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  '. Types and )onversion

a. =nfair 7abor 5ractice 7), +rt. !/(c Master ,ronLabor v# @L)C, !10 S)+ &(100%hell Bil orkers Union

v# hell Co# of the Phil#, %0 S)+!- (101

b. *argaining 3eadloc$ 9conomicD=75

7), +rt. !/(c ConsolidatedLabor Asso&iation of the Phils#v# Marsman and Co., 11 S)+'/0 (10-&

  -. ;rounds <, *oo$ L, ule NN<<, Sec. '

a. +llowable Stri$es 7), +rt. !/(c

b. 5rohibited Stri$es 7), +rts. !/(b, !/(g,

!0(a, A !/8 ,la4 at $uklodn! Man!!a!a4a(,$M/ v#@L)C,10/ S)+ '/- (1001Phil&om 'mployees Union v#Philippine Global, ;.. 6o.1&&%1', Culy 1, !88- $iOe+Phils#% ,n&# Labor Union (@A*LU/v# *ilOe+ ,ndustrial andManufa&turin! Corporation and$iOe+ (Phils#/% ,n&#, ;.. 6o.

1''-0, 10 3ecember !88-

c. 6o Stri$e )lause Malayan! amahan n!Man!!a!a4a s M# GreenFeld v#)amos% ;.. 6o. 11%08,?ebruary !/, !888

  . Stri$ing 5arty <, *oo$ L, ule NN<<, Sec. -

  /. 5rocedural eKuirements <, *oo$ L, ule NN<<, Secs. '"11

a. 9Mort to *argain 7), +rt. !0(a, !-1"!-&

b. ?iling of 6otice of <ntention 7), +rt. !0(c A (d <, *oo$ L,ule NN<<, Sec.

c. Observance of )ooling"OM5eriod

7), +rt. !0(c A (e

d. Stri$e Lote 7), +rt. !0(f A (a PilipinoTelephone Corp# v# P,LT'A, '!'

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S)+ %-1 (!88 ukhothaiCuisine and )estaurant v# CA,;.. 6o. 1'8&%, Culy 1, !88-

  0. Test of 7egality

a. 7egal Stri$es

i 5urpose and Jeans Test )elian&e urety and ,nsuran&eCo#% ,n&# v# @L)C% 10% S)+ %-'(1001

ii 3efenses R ;ood ?aith Master ,ron Labor Union v#@L)C, !10 S)+ & (100%@ational Union of orkers=otels% )estaurant and Allied,ndustries v# @L)C% !/ S)+

10! (100/b. <llegal Stri$es

i *asis of <llegality7), +rt. !0(b, (c, (a A !/8Philippine <iamond =otel and)esort% ,n&# (Manila <iamond=otel/ v# Manila <iamond =otel'mployees Union% ;.. 6o.1'/8', Cune %8, !88-

ii 9Mect of <llegality 7), +rt. !0(a ukhothai

Cuisine and )estaurant v# CA% ;.. 6o. 1'8&%, Culy 1, !88-

 Arellano University 'mployeesand orkers Union v# CA% ;..6o. 1%00&8, September 10,!88- @issan MotorsPhilippines% ,n&# v# e&retary ofLabor and 'mployment and$a!on! @a!kakaisan! Lakas sa@issan Motor Philippines% ,n&#

($A@AL@MP,BLAL,A?MU/, ;..6os. 1'/108"01, Cune !1, !88-Jolito *adriuelan% et al# vs#Monterey *oodsCorporation-Monterey *oodsCorporation v# $ukluran n! m!aMan!!a!a4a sa Monterey

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,LA% et al#% ;.. 6o.1/&80D;.. 6o. 1/&%&, Cune/, !811

iii 9Mect of

+ssumptionD)erti2cation order

 7), +rt. !/(g Union of the

*ilipro 'mployees<ru! v#@estle% ;.. 6o. 1'/0%8"%1,+ugust !!, !88- Manila =otel'mployees Asso&iation and itsmembers v# Manila =otel Corp#% ;.. 6o. 1'&'01, Jarch ',!88 teel Corporation v# CP'mployees @A*LU, ;.. 6os.1-0/!0"%8, +pril 1-, !88/ *'U@)M* v# *'U@)M*'AA*% ;..

6o. 1-/%-!, October 1-, !88-  18. 9mployment of Stri$e *rea$ers 7), +rt. !0 (c !10(r

  11. <mproved OMer *alloting andStri$es

7), +rt. !/8 <, *oo$ L, uleNN<<, Sec. 1!

). Stri$es in industries indispensableto the national interest

1. ationale of )ompulsory+rbitration

!. 3e2nition and 6ature of 3isputeSubect to )ompulsory+rbitration

%. SO79’s assumptionDcerti2cationorder is constitutional

7), +rt. !/(g <, *oo$ L, ule<, Sec. 1(gg

Manila Corda!e Company v#C,)% 8 C)A 199 (7387D

University of ,mma&ulateCon&ep&ion ,n&# v# e&# ofLabor % ""9 C)A 732 (1220/

LC% Art# 189(!/D GT' <ire&toriesCorp# v# GT' <ire&tories Corp#'mployees Union% 738 C)A"01 (7337/D Phim&o ,ndustries,n&# v# $rillantes% 2" C)A 8"8(7333/D TransAsia hippin!

Lines ,n&# v# Court of Appeals% " C)A ;72 (122"/D

Union of *ilipro 'mployees v#@estle Phils#% 731 C)A 3;(7332/D Philtread orkers Unionv# Confesor , ;.. 6o 111-0,

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&. SO79’s assumptionDcerti2cation

order is plenary

'. 9Mect of )erti2cation andLiolation of Order

Jarch 1!, 100

u!!ested readin!s: enate $ill@o# 172%http:--senate#!ov#ph-lis-bill.res#asp+Q&on!ressR70ER$@172D =ouse $ill @o# 70;"%http:--444#&on!ress#!ov#ph-do4nload-&omms.related.70-hb270;"#pdf D Position Paper of.the'mployers Confederation of the

 philippines ('CBp/ on enate$ill @o# 01 (Limitin! the Po4erof Assumption or CertiF&ationof Labor <isputes/%http:--444#e&op#or!#ph-advo&a&y-poli&y-'ssentialS12ervi&es#pdf D @e4 Laborse&retary told: =ands o6 onassumption of 5urisdi&tion%http:--444#kilusan!mayouno#or!- ne4s-1272-28-ne4laborse&retarytoldhandsassumption5urisdi&tion

TransAsia hippin! Lines% ,n&#Unli&ensed Cre4s 'mployeesUnion v# CA% ;.. 6o. 1&'&!/,

 Culy , !88& Manila <iamond=otel 'mployees Union v# CA%&& S)+ 0 (!88'

7), +rt. !/(g Phil&om'mployees Union v# PhilippineGlobal Communi&ations, &0'

S)+ !1& (!88- Manila =otel'mployees Assn# v# Manila=otel Corp#, '1 S)+ %&0(!88 Grand $oulevard =otelv# Genuine Labor Br!anization,&8- S)+ -// (!88% ToyotaMotor Phils Corp# orkers Assn#

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v# @L)C% '% S)+ 11 (!88armiento v# Tui&o% 1-! S)+-- (10// Union of *ilipro'mployees v# @estle Phils#, 10!S)+ %0- (1008

). Slowdown as )oncerted +ctivity ,la4 at $uklod n! Man!!a!a4a(,$M/% 0/ S)+ '0/ (1001 Jolito *adriuelan% et al# vs#Monterey *oods Corporation-Monterey *oods Corporation v#$ukluran n! m!a Man!!a!a4asa Monterey,LA% et al#% ;..6o. 1/&80D;.. 6o.1/&%&, Cune /, !811#

3. 5ic$eting <, *oo$ L, ule NN<<, Sec. 1%

  1. 3e2nition

  !. 6ature and 5urpose of 5ic$et7ine

,nsular Life Assuran&e Co# Ltd#'mployees Assn# v# ,nsular Life

 Assuran&e Co# Ltd#, % S)+!&% (101 ta# )osa Co&aCola Plant 'mployees Union v#CC$P, ;.. 6o. 1-&%8!"8%,

 Canuary !&, !88

  %. 5ic$eting and 7ibel 7aws Philippine Commer&ial and,ndustrial $ank v# Philnabank'mployees Assn#, 18' S)+ %1&(10/1

  &. )urtailment @a!kahiusan! Man!!a!a4a saCuizon =otel v# Libron% 1!&S)+ &&/ (10/%

  '. egulationDestrictions, <nnocent Third 5arty ule and 7iabilities

Li4ay4ay Publishin! Co# ,n&# v#Permanent Con&rete orkers

Union% 18/ S)+ 1-1 (10/1  -. 5rohibited +ctivities 5eaceful

5ic$eting7), +rt. !0(b <, *oo$ L, uleNN<<, Sec. 1%

9. 7abor <nunction

  1. <nunction prohibited 7), +rts. !-- A !10(l Calte+*ilipino Mana!ers and

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upervisors Asso&iation v# C,)% ;.. 6os. 7"%8-%!"%%, +pril 11,10!

  !. 9xceptions 7), +rts. !!'(e A !/(g

?. ole of 5eace OPcers 3uring Stri$esand 5ic$eting

  1. 9scorting 7), +rt. !0(d

  !. +rrest and 3etention of 7awLiolators

7), +rt. !/1

#t IG EMLOYER LOHOUT

+. *asis, 7imitation and 3e2nition 7), +rts. !/(b, A !10(p <,

*oo$ L, ule <, Sec. 1(gg*. 9Mect on @or$ elationship 7), +rt. !10p

). ;round 7), +rt. !/(c

3. 5rohibited 7oc$"out 7), +rts. !/(b A (g, !0(a

9. 5rocedural eKuirements 7), +rts. !0(a, (c, (d, A (e,!/(e <, *oo$ L, ule NN<<,Secs. '"11 Philtread v# @L)C%!1/ S)+ /8' (100%

?. 9Mect of <llegal 7oc$"out 7), +rt. !0(a, par. %, 1stsentence

#t G LABOR RELATIONS IN TE UBLI SETOR

+. ight to Organi#e

1. *asis )O6ST., +rt. <<<, Sec. / +rt. N<<<Sec. % +rt. <N"*, Sec. !('

9xecutive Order 6o. 1/8 (10/+mended ules ;overning the9xercise of the ight of;overnment 9mployees to Self"Organi#ation the <mplementingules (+mended ules <7O)onvention 6o. 1'1, 5reamble,

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+rts. 1"0 <nternational)ovenant on 9conomic, Socialand )ultural ights, +rt. /<nternational )ovenant on )iviland 5olitical ights, +rt. !!

!. +ctivities 9O 1/8, ule <<< +mendedules, ule <<, Sec. %

*. OPcers and 9mployees with ightto Self"organi#ation

9O 1/8, Secs. ! to & +mendedules, ule <<, Sec. !, and ule <(ii, ($, (#, A (aa

). 5rotection of ight 9O 1/8, Sec. ' A Sec. -+mended ules, ule NL<, Secs.1 A !

3. egistration 9O 1/8, Sec. A / +mendedules, ule <, Sec. 1 (u, ( A(ll, and ules L to L<<

9. +ccreditation as 6egotiating +gent 9O 1/8, Sec. 18 +mendedules, ule <, Sec. 1 (a, (b, A(w

1. Loluntary ecognition 9O 1/8, Sec. 11 +mended

ules, ule L<<<, Secs. !"/!. )erti2cation 9lection 9O 1/8, Sec. 1! +mended

ules, ule <, Sec. 1 (g, uleL<<<, Sec. /, A ules <N to N<

 Assn# of Court of Appeals'mployees v# *errerCalle5a6 !8%S)+ '0- (1001 $autista v#CA, &'! S)+ &8- (!88'

%. *argaining unit 9O 1/8, Sec. 0 ule <( ule <,Sec. 1 (gg A (hh

&. esponsibility of *argaining

+gent

+mended ules, ule L<<<, Sec.1!

?. )ollective 6egotiation 9O 1/8, Sec. 1% +mendedules, ules N<< to N<<<

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1. 6egotiable <ssues +mended ules, ule N<<, Secs.1 A !

!. 6on"6egotiable <ssues +mended ules, ule N<<, Secs.

% A ' Abanilla v# Commission% 

&-/ S)+ / (!88' Janila<nternational +irport +uthority v.

)ommission on +udit, ;.. 6o.

10&18, ?eb. 1!, !81!

;. )oncerted +ctivities 9O 1/8, Sec. 1& +mendedules, ule <<, Sec. % o&iale&urity ystem 'mployees

 Assn# v# CA% 1' S)+ -/-(10/0 Manila Publi& &hoolsTea&hers Assn# v# La!uio% !88S)+ %!% (1001 Ia&into v# CA,!/1 S)+ -' (100

>. 5ublic Sector 7abor Janagement)ouncil

9O 1/8, Sec. 1' +mendedules, ules N<N A NN.

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#t GI1 L#8o Di('ute Sett!ement M#73iney

+. >istorical bac$drop of thepresent labor disputeresolution system

).+. 6o. 18% (10%- A ).+. 6o. !1%(10%- .+. 6o. /' (10'% 5roc. 6o.18/1 (10!, ;.O. 6o. ' (10!, 5.3. &&!(10& A 5.3. 6o. /!% (10'

*. State policies re: methodsof dispute settlement

a. preference for voluntaryand democratic methods

)O6ST<T=T<O6 ()O6ST. +rt. N<<<, Sec. %7), +rt. !1/ (+ and (*

b. providing an adeKuatemachinery for resolvinglabor disputes

+rt. !1/ (+ (e

c. speedy labor ustice)O6ST., +rt. <<<, Sec. 1- 7), +rt. !1/(e,!811 67) ules of 5rocedure, ule L,Sec. 1 7), +rts.!!% (penultimate par.!!- ules <mplementing *oo$ L, ule <L,Sec. ule L<<<, Secs. 1% and !1 ule N<,Secs. 1& and !8 ule N<<<, Sec 1% and 1&7), +rt. !-Cadalin v# PB'A, ;.. 6o. 18&-,3ecember ', 100& *'MKs 'le!an&eLod!in! =ouse v# Murillo, ;.. 6o.

11&&!, Canuary 11, 100'

d. technical rules, not binding7), +rt. !!Polsotin v# <e Guia 'nterprises% ,n&#, ;..6o. 1!-!&, 3ecember ', !811=untin!ton teel Produ&ts% ,n&# v# @L)C,;.. 6o. 1'/%11, 6ovember 1, !88&The @e4 alley Times Press v# @L)C, ;..6o. 188&/!, Culy 1', 100!

e. adherence to administrativedue process

 An! Tibay v# C,), -0 5hil. -%' $autista v#BL', ;.. 6o. /1%&, +pril %8, 1001

f. non"lawyers, allowed toappear

7), +rt. !!/ !811 67) ules of5rocedure, ule <<<, Sec. - (b and (cPolsotin v# <e Guia 'nterprises% ,n&#, ;..6o. 1!-!&, 3ecember ', !811

i. authority to bind party"litigant

!811 67) ules of 5rocedure, ule <<<,Sec.

ii. union service fees7), +rts. 111 and !!/ (b)adio Communi&ations of the Phils#% ,n&#v# BL', ;.. 6o. 0'0, Canuary 0, 10/0

). Jethods of resolving laborSuggested reading: >ans 7eo C. )acdac,

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