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Transcript of Labor Law 2 Syllabus
7/21/2019 Labor Law 2 Syllabus
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SYLLABUS IN LABOR RELATIONS LAW204M
Atty. Domingo T. Añonuevo
DLSU o!!ege o" L#$%t#nonuevo&'!%t%(!.net
)*+,-/-2,,4/
OURSE DESRITION1
This course is about the legal relations of employees and theiremployers as delineated by the employees’ ig3t( to (e!"og#ni5#tion6 7o!!e7tive 8#g#ining6 and 7on7ete% #7tivitie(,
including the ig3t to (ti9e, on one hand, the employers’m#n#gement 'eog#tive( and ig3t to !o79out6 on the otherhand6 as well as the various other modes of !#8o %i('utee(o!ution.
LEARNIN: OUTOMES ;LO<1
On completion of the course, the student is expected to be ableto restate and discuss:
1. the State policies on labor relations
!. the meaning, scope, and bases of the rights to self"organi#ation,collective bargaining, and concerted activities, including the rightto stri$e, as well as the meaning, scope, and bases ofmanagement prerogatives
%. the rules regulating organi#ation, management, and activities oflabor organi#ations
&. what an appropriate bargaining unit is, how it is determined, andhow its bargaining representative is selected
'. the process of collective bargaining and negotiation and how acollective bargaining agreement ()*+ is administered
-. what unfair labor practices are
. the meaning, basis and limitations of stri$es and other union
* This syllabus is intended to be used only in Atty. Añonuevo’s Law204M class. It shouldnot be reproduced or any other purpose! nor uploaded to any internet site! without hise"press authori#ation.
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concerted activities as well as employer loc$"out and
/. the rudimentary rules of labor relations in the public sector and
0. urisdiction and procedures in settling labor disputes
RE=UIREMENTS AND ASSESSMENTS1
The student will be assessed during the term by the following:
!#(( e7it#tion-0>
In%ivi%u#! e'ot( on any of the followinga. # !#8o og#ni5#tion egi(tee% in 20-4 o 20-?
(with emphasis on the process of union organi#ation andregistration, and the particular legal and practicalchallenges the organi#ation faced in the process.b. # BA egi(tee% in 20-4 o 20-? (with emphasis onhow the union got certi2ed as bargaining agent, how thecollective bargaining negotiation went, and the particularlegal and practical challenges the parties met faced in theprocess.c. # noti7e o" (ti9e t3#t $#( @!e% in 20-4 o 20-? (with emphasis on the dispute involved, how it was
resolved, and the particular legal and practical challengesthe union met faced in the process.3ue on: 44444444444444444
-?>
#n%$itten 7#(e %ige(t(3ue on: 44444444444444444
-?>
=ui55e( +0>in#! eC#min#tion +0>
-00>
REERENES
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1. 10/ )onstitution of the 5hilippines
!. 5.3. 6o. &&! (the 7abor )ode of the 5hilippines, as amended
%. 3.O. 6o. &8"8%, as amended
&. 9xecutive Order 6o. 1/8 (10/
'. +mended ules ;overning the 9xercise of the ight of ;overnment9mployees to Self"Organi#ation the <mplementing ules
-. ).). )7+=3<O, T>9 7+*O )O39 O? T>9 5><7<55<69S +63 97+T937+@S A =79S @<T> 6OT9S +63 ><STOB, 5art One, !81% edition.
.
OTER READIN: MATERIALS
1. Sibal, Corge. !88&. A Century of the Philippine Labor Movement .( http:DDro.uow.edu.auDcgiDviewcontent.cgiEarticleF188'AcontextFunityAsei"redirF1GsearchFH!!historyIofI5hilippineIlaborImovementH!!
!. 9<79.10/. GTU: kurso sa tunay na unyonismo.
%. Ofreneo, ene. !88-. Globalization and Unionism: The MUChallen!e
(http:DDsolair.upd.edu.phDimagesDOfreneo,H!8eneH!8"H!8;lobali#ationH!8andH!8=nionismH'*1H'3.pdf
"# $itonio% $enedi&to 'rnesto# orkers )epresentation Amidst Labor*le+ibility: ,nsi!ht from the Philippine '+perien&e#(http:--solair#upd#edu#ph-ima!es-bitonio.paper#pdf/
0# A!anon% Marie% et al#% 1223# Union )evitalization and SocialJovement =nionism in the 5hilippines: + >andboo$. ?riedrich 9bertStiftung and =.5. School of 7abor and <ndustrial elations.( http:--444#fes#or!#ph-media-uploads-do&uments-smu.handbook#5an11#pdf
-. Januel, Jarlon. The evised ules on the ight to Self"Organi#ation:+ )ritiKue to 3epartment Order 6o. &8, Series of !88%.http:--444#ateneola45ournal#&om-Media-uploads-2673f818ba2b"07830d"9f2"0;af3f#pdf
ou(e Out!ine
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ART III LABOR OR:ANIATION
+. 5olicy 7), +rt. !1/+(b, (c, A (g
*. 3e2nitions:1. 7abor organi#ation 7), +rt. !10 (g <, *oo$ L, ule
<, Sec. 1 (cc
!. =nion <, *oo$ L, ule <, Sec. 1 (##
%. @or$ers +ssociation <, *oo$ L, ule <, Sec. 1 (ccc
&. 7egitimate labor organi#ation 7), +rt. !10 (h <, *oo$ L, ule<, Sec. 1 (ee
'. 7egitimate wor$ers’ association <, *oo$ L, ule <, Sec. 1 (M
$ebu %ea&en's Association!Inc. vs. (errer)$allea, !1!S)+ '8(100!
-. )ompany =nion 7), +rts. !10 (< A !'0 (d
). =nion ationale Gui5arno v# C,), '! S)+ %8(10%
3. ;overnment egulation
1. =nion egistration:
a. 3e2nition <, *oo$ L, ule <, Sec. 1(KK+A(L, v. %ecretary 6 :.R. No.L2222/6 e8u#y 26-,*,.
b. eKuirements +rts. !&8, !&1, !&& A !&08 <,*oo$ L, ule <<<, Sec. ! anMi!uel Corp# 'mployees Union v#M Pa&kin!% '%% S)+ 1!'(!88 Pro!ressive <evelopment Corp# v# e&retary of Labor , !8'
S)+ /8! (100! Takata(Philippines/ Corporation v# $L),;.. 6o. 10-!-, Cune &, !81&
c. +ction on +pplication 7), +rts. !&! A !&% <, *oo$ L,ule <L, Secs. &"
d. 9Mect of egistration <, *oo$ L, ule <L, Sec. / A ule
ART I STATE OLIIES ON LABOR RELATIONS
+. LoluntaryDdemocratic modes ofdispute settlement
1. 7abor dispute
!. 5referred modes of disputesettlement
%. 6on"interference bygovernment
7abor )ode (7), +rt. !10(l anMi!uel Corp# 'mployees Union v#$ersamira, ;.. 6o. /88, Cune1%, 1008 =ala!ue>a v# PAL, ;..6o. 1!81%, October !, !880
Portillo v# )udolf Lietz% ,n&#, ;..10-'%0, October 18, !81!
)O6ST., +rt. N<<<, Sec. %., par. %7), +rt. !1/ +(a ?iok Loy v#@L)C, ;.. 6o. 7"'&%%&, Canuary!!, 10/- &out )amon # AlbanoMemorial Colle!e v# @oriel, /'S)+ &0& (10/
7), +rt. !1/ * +rts. !%&, !!&(c A!/(h
*. Trade unionism 7), +rt. !1/ +(b A (c
). @or$er enlightenment 7), +rts. !1/ +(d, !&- (p A !0!(a
3. +deKuate machinery forexpeditious dispute settlement
)O6ST., +rt. <<<, Sec. 1- 7), +rts.!1/ +(e A !1/(l +rt. !%& +rts.!! A +rt. !0!(i A 9.O. !- (100!
9. <ndustrial 5eace A Tripartism 7), +rts. !1/ +(f, !08, A !0! (g+rt. !!8 (!nd par. +rt. 1!8 1!1(!nd par. 1!! (&th par. A 1/!(a
?. @or$er participation in decisionand policy ma$ing processesaMecting rights, duties and welfare
Contra: Janagement 5rerogatives(J5
1. J5: basis
!. J5: de2nition and scope
7), +rts. !1/ +(g, A !-, par. !.+. 6o. -01, Sec. ' Philippine
Airlines% ,n&# v# @L)C6 !!' S)+%81 (100%
)O6ST., +rt. <<, Sec. !8 and +rt.N<<<, Sec. %, par. &
Chu v# @L)C, !%! S)+ -&(100& an Mi!uel $re4ery ales*or&e Union (PTGB/ v# Bple, 18S)+ !' (10/0 Philippine
Airlines% ,n&# v# @L)C, !!' S)+%81 (100% Union of the *ilipro
'mployees<ru! v# @estle% ;.. 6o.1'/0%8"%1, +ugust !!, !88-
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<<<, Sec. !, par. 9 Le!end,nternational )esorts Limited v#?ilusan! Man!!a!a4a n!Le!enda% ;.. 6o.1-0'&,?ebruary !%, !811
e. +cKuisition of 7egal5ersonality
7), +rts. !&8 A !&1 <, *oo$ L,ule <<<, Sec. ! 9.
f. ights of 7egitimate 7aborOrgani#ation
7), +rt. !'1 A&edera v#,nternational Container Terminalervi&es% ,n&#, ;.. 6o. 1&-8%,
Canuary 1%, !88%
g. 9Mects on 6on"egistration <, *oo$ L, ule <L, Sec. /Tropi&al =ut 'mployees Union v#Tropi&al =ut *ood Market% ,n&#% 1/1 S)+ 1% (1008
!. )ancellation of =nion)erti2cate of egistration
7), +rts. !&', !&-, !& !'8(,7ast ! par., A !&/ <, *oo$ L,ule <, Sec. 1(g A ule N<L AirPhil# Corp# v# $L)% &0! S)+ !&%(!88- ## entures,nternational% ,n&# v# ## enturesLabor Union, ;.. 6o. 1-1-08,
Culy !%, !88/ Mari4asa iam
Cerami&s% ,n&# v# The e&retary of the <epartment of Labor and'mployment% et al#, ;.. 6o.1/%%1, 3ecember !1, !880 T he=erita!e =otel Manila v# @ationalUnion of orkers in the =otel%)estaurant and Allied ,ndustries=erita!e =otel Manilaupervisors Chapter (@U=)A,@==MC/% ;.. 6o. 1/!0-,
Canuary 1!, !811 Takata(Philippines/ Corporation v# $L),;.. 6o. 10-!-, Cune &, !81&
9. <nternational +ctivities of =nion 7), +rts. !/&"!/-
?. =nion Jember elations 7), +rts. !'8 A !-8(a UT*a&ulty Union v# $itonio% ;.. 6o.
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1%1!%', 6ovember 1-, 1000
1. +dmission and 3iscipline ofJembers
7), +rts. !-8(a, !'8(a, (e A!0!(c alun!a v# C,), !1 S)+!1- (10- illar v# ,n&ion!, 1!1
S)+ &&& (10/%3ue 5rocess $u!ay v# ?apisanan n! m!a
Man!!a!a4a sa M)), & S)+&/ (10-!
!. 9lection of OPcers 7), +rt. !'8 (c, (f A ($ *oo$ L,ule N<<
a. Quali2cations 7), +rt. !'8 (c A (f
b. Janner of 9lection 7), +rt. !'8 (c
c. Tenure 7), +rt. !'8 (cd. )ompensation 7), +rt. !'8($
e. @ho may vote 7), +rt. !'8 (c Tan&in&o v#Calle5a, 1' S)+ !8% (10//
?. 9Mect of election ?apisanan v# Tra5ano, 1%& S)+!%- (10/'
%. Jaor policy matter 7), +rt. !'8 (d
&. =nion funds 7), +rts. !'8(a (b (c (g (h (i
( ($ (l (m (n (o <, *oo$ L,ule N<<<
5ayment of attorney’s fees andspecial assessments
7), +rts. !'8 (o (n A !!/ (bGabriel v# e&retary of Labor , ;..6o. 11'0&0, Jarch 1-, !888
'. Jandatory +ctivity 7), +rt. !'8 (o Galvadores v#Tra5ano, 1&& S)+ 1%/ (10/-
-. =nion <nformation DObligation 7), +rt. !'8 (p
. 9nforcement and remedies
<ntra"union disputes urisdiction procedure andsanctions:
7), +rt. !'8 penultimate and last
par., and +rt. !&' <, *oo$ L,ules N<, N<<, N<<<, N<L A NL<iokno v# Ca&da&% 01; C)A ""2(1228/D 'mployees Union of$ayer Phils# v# $ayer Philippines,n&#, ;.. 6o. 1-!0&%, 3ecember-, !818 )odri!uez v# <ire&tor ,
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;.. 6os. -'0"/!, +ugust %1,10// <uya! v# ,n&ion!, 0/ S)+'!! (10/8
;. =nion )hartering and +Pliation:
7ocal and 5arent =nion elations1. +Pliates and chartered locals,
national unions andfederations
!. egistration
<, *oo$ L, ule <, Sec. 1(a (i (w($$
<, *oo$ L, ule <<< Pro!ressive<evelopment Corp# v# e&retaryof Labor , !8' S)+ /8! (100!
!. 5urpose nature of relationsPro!ressive <evelopment Corp# v#e&retary of Labor , !8' S)+ /8!(100! *ilipino Pipe E *oundryCorp# v# @L)C, ;.. 6o. 11'1/8,6ovember 1-, 1000
%. +Pliation of both supervisoryand ran$"and"2le unions withone mother union
7), +rts. !'' A !'-
&. 7ocal union disaPliation:nature of right and legality
@ational Union of $ank'mployees v# Philnabank'mpoyees Asso&iation, ;.. 6o.1&!/, +ugust 1!, !81%
@hen a local union shoulddisaPliate
Allian&e of @ationalist andGenuine Labor Br!anization v#amana, !'/ S)+ %1 (100-
#t I TE ARORIATE BAR:AININ: UNIT
+. 7aw and 3e2nition <, *oo$ L, ule 1, Sec. 1(d 7),+rts. !-A !-/ $ely&aCorporation v# Calle5a, 1-/ S)+1/& (10//
*. 3etermination of +ppropriate*argaining =nit
1. ?actors =nit 3etermination U#P# v# *errerCalle5a, !11 S)+&'1 (100! an Mi!uel Corp# v#La!uesma% !%- S)+ '0'
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(100& an Mi!uel *oods% ,n&# v#an Mi!uel Corp# upervisorsand '+empt Union% ;.. 6o.1&-!8- +ugust 1, !811.
!. =nit Severance and ;lobe3octrine Me&hani&al <epart Labor Unionv# C,)% !& S)+ 0!' (10-/
%. Si#e of =nit and 9Mect on Self"Organi#ation
*iloil )eFnery Corporation v#*iloil upervisory andConFdential 'mployees
Asso&iation% &- S)+ '1! (10!
&. 9Mect of 5rior +greement General )ubber and *oot4earCorp# v# $L)% 1'' S)+ !/%(100
). 3etermining +gency *iloil )eFnery Corporation v#*iloil upervisory andConFdential 'mployees
Asso&iation% &- S)+ '1!(10! 7), +rt. !%! <, *oo$ L,ule <, Sec. 1(ii ule L<<<, Sec. !
#t UNION RERESENTATION1ESTABLISIN: UNION MAFORITY STATUS
+. 5re")ondition: 9mployer"9mployeeelationship
Allied *ree orkers Union v# CiaMaritima, 10 S)+ !'/ (10-
*. Jethods of 9stablishing JaorityStatus
1. 5olicyDationale <, *oo$ L, ule L<, Sec. 1 7),+rt. !1/ (b )O6ST., +rt. N<<<,Sec. % )eyes v# Tra5ano, !80S)+ &/& (100! @ational Minesand Allied orkers Union v#e&retary of Labor% ! S)+/!1 (100% amahan!Man!!a!a4a sa P)'M' v#e&retary of Labor , ;.. 6o.18!, Jarch !, 100/
!. Loluntary ecognition 7), +rt. !'1(c <, *oo$ L, ule <,
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Sec. 1 (bbb, ule L<, Sec. !, Aule L<<
9Mects <, *oo$ L, ule L<<, Sec. &
%. 9lections
a. )erti2cation election 7), +rt. !-/ <, *oo$ L, ule <,Sec. 1 (h (ll L<<<, <N A N
b. )onsent election <, *oo$ L, ules <, Sec. 1 (h AL<<<, Secs. 18, 11, !%
9Mects <, *oo$ L, ule L<<<, Sec. !%
c. un"oM election 7), +rt. !-/, par. 1, penultimatesentence <, *oo$ L, ule <, Sec.1 (ss A ule N
&. Lenue of 5etition <, *oo$ L, ule L<<<, Sec. !Cruzvale ,n&# v# La!uesma, !%/S)+ %/0 (100&
). )erti2cation 9lection R 5rocess: <, *oo$ L, ules L<<<, <N A N
1. The =nion as <nitiating 5arty 7), +rt. !'1 (b <, *oo$ L, uleL<<<, Sec. 1
a. Organi#ed 9stablishment 7), +rts. !-/ A !-& <, *oo$ L,ule <, Sec. 1 (ll
i 5etition *efore ?reedom5eriod 7), +rts. !-& A !-/ *oo$ L, uleL<<<, Sec. % (d Sec. 1%, par. 1 Atlanti& Gulf and Pa&iF& Co#Manila ,n&# v# La!uesma% !1!S)+ !/1 (100!
ii 5etition *eyond ?reedom5eriod
@ational Con!ress of Union inu!ar ,ndustry v# *errerCalle5a,!8' S)+ &/ (100!
iii ?iling 5arty <, *oo$ L, ule L<<<, Sec. 1
Jisrepresentation by =nionOPcers <=L Phil# Corp# United )A* Asso&iation H ** v# $uklod n!Man!!a!a4a, ;.. 6o. 1'!80&,
Culy !!, !88&
iv ?orm of 5etition <, *oo$ L, ule L<<<, Sec. &@ational Mines and Alliedorkers Union v# e&retary of
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Labor , !! S)+ /!1
v Substantial Support 7), +rt. !-/ <, *oo$ L, ule L<<<,Sec. &(g Sec. 1&(f 100 <,ule N<, Sec. 11, ll(e Port
orkers Union et&# v# <BL', !8S)+ %!0 (100! Briental TinCan Labor Union v# e&retary ofLabor , !0& S)+ -&8 (100/
vi ?orced <nterventionDJotion for <ntervention
<, *oo$ L, ule L<<<, Secs. A /Phil# Assn# of *ree Labor Union v#Calle5a% 1-0 S)+ &01 (10/0
b. =norgani#ed 9stablishment 7), +rts. !& A !-! u!buanon )ural $ank v# La!uesma% ;.. 6o.11-10&, ?eb. !, !888
!. The 9mployer as <nitiating5artyD *ystander ule
7), +rts. !8 A !1 <, *oo$ L,ule L<<<, Sec. 1, par. ! =er&ules,ndustries% ,n&# v# e&retary ofLabor % !1& S)+ 1!0 (100!
%. esponsible +gency <, *oo$ L, ule L<<<, Sec. !
&. eKuisite for Lalidity of 9lectionD?ailure of 9lection
7), +rt. !-/ <, *oo$ L, ule <,Sec. 1 (K A ule <N, Secs. 1, 1/,10 $en!uet 'le&tri& Coop# ,n&# v#
Calle5a% 1/8 S)+ &8 (10/0 '. 6ature of 5roceeding Port orkers Union et&# v#
<BL', !8 S)+ %!0 (100!
-. )erti2cation 9lection 5rocessand 5rocedure
<, *oo$ L, ules L<<< A <N
a. 9Mect of 5rivate +greement PLUM *ederation of ,ndustrialand A!rarian orkers v# @oriel,110 S)+ !00 (10/!
b. 5osting 6otice <, *oo$ L, ule <, Sec. 1 (o ule
<N, Sec. - Iiss&or ,ndependentUnion v# Torres% !!1 S)+ -00(100%
c. Loters’ 7ist <, *oo$ L, ule <N, Sec. ' ule <,Sec. 1 (K
d. 3ismissed employees Jokohama Tire Phil#% ,n&# v#
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Jokohama 'mployees Union, '%0S)+ ''- (!88
e. Loting 3ayDLenue <, *oo$ L, ule <N, Sec. ! Asian<esi!n and Manufa&turin! Corp#
v# Calle5a% 1& S)+ & (10/0f. )onduct of 9lection <, *oo$ L, ule <N, Secs. 1 A 1'
=er&ules ,ndustries% ,n&# v# e&#<BL', !1& S)+ 1!0 (100!
g. 5rotest’ 5eriod <, *oo$ L, ule <N, Secs. 1! and1% ule <, Sec. 1 (p amahann! Man!!a!a4a v# La!uesma% !- S)+ %8% (100
h. +ppeal 5eriod 7), +rt. !! <, *oo$ L, ule L<<<,
Secs. 1"!1i. 6ulli2cation of 9lection results United 'mployees Union of
Gelmart ,ndustries v# @oriel, -S)+ !- (10'
3. )erti2cation of 3esignatedJaority =nion
7), +rt. !-/ A !-0 <, *oo$ L,ule <, Sec. 1(t A ule <N, Secs.1- A !8 Militante v# @L)C, !&-S)+ %-' (100' Phil# <iamond=otel and )esort% ,n&# (Manila
<iamond =otel/ v# Manila<iamond =otel 'mployees Union,;.. 6o. 1'/8', Cune %8, !88-
9. *ars to )erti2cation 9lection
1. One Bear *arD)erti2cation yearule
<, *oo$ L, ule L<<<, Sec. %(a A1&(c )# Transport Corp# v#La!uesma% !! S)+ /!(100% ?aisahan n!Man!!a!a4an! Pilipino v#Tra5ano, !81 S)+ &'% (1001
!. 6egotiation *ar ule <, *oo$ L, ule L<<<, Secs. %(b A1&(d
%. 3eadloc$ *ar ule <, *oo$ L, ule L<<<, Sec. %(cA1&(d <ivine ord Universityof Ta&loban v# e&# Bf Labor and'mployment% !1% S)+ '0
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(100!
&. )ontract *ar ule 7), +rts. !%/ !-/ !-', !nd sentence A !-1 <, *oo$ L, uleL<<<, Sec. %(d, 1&(b A Sec. !&
Cole!io de an Iuan de Letran v# Asso&. ;.. 6o. 1&1&1,September 1/, !888D amahann! Man!!a!a4a sa Perme+ v#e&# of Labor , !/- S)+ -0!(100/ amahan n!Man!!a!a4a sa Pa&iF& Plasti& v#La!uesma, !- S)+ %8% (100
?. 9Mect of 5etition ?or )ancellation of Trade =nion egistration
<, *oo$ L, ule N<, Sec. %, !nd par., amahan n! Man!!a!a4a
sa Pa&iF& Plasti& v# La!uesma,!- S)+ %8% (100
ART I OLLETIE BAR:AININ:1:ENERAL ONET6 ROEDURE AND ISSUES
+. ;eneral )oncept
1. 5olicy 3eclaration 7), +rts. !1/(+ (a A !1/(*)O6ST. +rt. N<<<, Sec. %
!. 6ature and 5urpose ?iok Loy v# @L)C% 1&1 S)+ 10(10/-
*. *argainable <ssues 7), +rt. !-% Manila *ashions v#@L)C% !-& S)+ 18& (100-Union of *ilipro 'mployees<ru! v# @estle% ;.. 6o.1'/0%8"%1, +ugust !!, !88-
1. )*+ <nterpretation amahan n! Man!!a!a4a saTop *orm Manufa&turin! v#@L)C, !0' S)+ 11 (100/
). *argaining 5rocedure <, *oo$ L, ule NL<
1. 5rivate 5rocedure 7), +rt. !-!
!. 7abor )ode 5rocedure 7), +rts. !-1, !-/, !%/ A !-'Calte+ )eFnery 'mployees
Asso&iation v# $rillantes% !0
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S)+ !1/ (100
%.)onciliationDpreventive mediation 7), +rts. !'' (c, (d, (e A !%09.O. !'1, Sec. & Tabi!ue v#,nternational Copra '+port
Corp#, ;.. 6o. 1/%%%',3ecember !%, !880 <, *oo$ L,ule NN<<, Secs. 1 A 0-,/AI-)A+L)I,( 1usit/otel -io $hapter v. $A6:.R. No. -*+,426 Novem8e--6 200/
&. 3uty to *argain 7), +rts. !-!"!-& !'1(c!'0(g !'&(c P#,# Mf!# ,n&# v#P#,# Mf!# upervisorsK and
*oremen Asso&iation, '&% S)+-1% (!88/ Cole!io de an
Iuan de Letran v# Asso&#% ;..6o. 1&1&1, September 1/,!888 *a&ulty Asso&iation ofMAPUA v CA, !'& S)+ 80(!88
3. The )ollective *argaining+greement
1. 3e2nitionD)ontents <, *oo$ L, ule <, Sec. 1( 7),+rt. !%
!. egistration 7), +rt. !% <, *oo$ L, uleNL<<, Secs. 1"%
%. *ene2ciaries 7), +rt. !- Ma&tan orkersUnion v# Aboitiz% &' S)+ '(!
&. Jinutes of 6egotiation amahan n! Man!!a!a4a saTop *orm Manufa&turin! v#
@L)C% !0' S)+ 11 (100/ '. <nterpretation, +dministration
and 9nforcement@orkis *ree and ,ndependentorkers Union v# @orkis Tradin!Co#, ;.. 6o. 1'80/ Cune %8,!88' University of an
A!ustin% ,n&# v# UA'U** ,;.. 6o. 1'0&, Culy !%, !880.
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a. 6ature Pantran&o @orth '+press% ,n&# v#@L)C, !'0 S)+ 1-1 (100-<ole Phils# ,n&# v# Pa4is n!Makabayan! Bbrero, ;.. 6o.1&--'8, Canuary 1%, !88%
b. ;rievance 5rocedure 7), +rts. !- A !& UA'U** v# CA% ;.. 6o. 1-0-%!,Jarch !/, !88- Atlas *arm%,n&# v# @L)C, ;.. 6o. 1&!!&&,6ovember 1/, !88!
c. )ontract +mbiguity =oly Cross of <avao Colle!e%,n&# v# =oly Cross *a&ultyUnion ?AMAP,, ;.. 6o.1'-80/ Cune !, !88'
d. )ontract 3uration and enewal 7), +rts. !-' A !-& <, *oo$ L,ule NL<<, Sec. A / @e4Pa&iF& Timber v# @L)C, ;.. 6o.1!&!!&, Jarch 1, !888)ivera v# 'spiritu, ;.. 6o.1%''&, Canuary !%, !88!Meral&o v# e&# uisimbin! ;..6o. 1!'0/, +ugust 1, !888
e. )*+ and %rd 5arty 7iability Asso&iated Labor Unions v#
@L)C% !8& S)+ 01% (1001f. )*+ and 3isaPliation 'lis&o'lirol Labor Union v#
@oriel , /8 S)+ -/! (10
g. Curisdiction of Loluntary+rbitrators
7), +rts. !&, !' A !!&(c
ART II UNAIR LABOR RATIE
+. <n ;eneral
1. 3e2nition and ;eneral )oncept 7), +rts. !10($ A !'/Culili v# 'asternTele&ommuni&ationsPhilippines% ,n&#% ;.. 6o.1-'%/1, ?ebruary 0, !811 Gala+ie teel orkers Union v#@L)C% ;.. 6o. 1-'',
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October !88- terlin!Produ&ts ,nternational% ,n&# v#e&retary of Labor , S)+ &&-(10-%
!. eKuisitesa. 9mployer"9mployeeelationship
Ameri&an President Lines ,n&#v# Clave,11& S)+ /!- (/!
b. +ct must be speci2callyde2ned in the law
7), +rts. !'0 A !-8
%. *urden of proof. Tiu v# @L)C, !! S)+ -/8(100 Central Azu&arera <e$ais 'mployees Union@*L v#Central Azu&arera <e $ais%
,n&#% ;.. 6o. 1/--8',6ovember 1, !818 Union of*ilipro 'mployees<*A?MU v#@estle Philippines, <nc., ;..6os. 1'/0%8"%1
&. <nterpretation Calte+ *ilipino Mana!ers andupervisors Assn# v# C,), &&S)+ %'8 (10!
'. <nter"relations of =57 +cts 7), +rts. !'0 A !-8 )epubli&
avin!s $ank v# C,)% !1 S)+!!- (10-
*. +cts Liolative of ight to Self"Organi#ation
1. <nterference, estraint and)oercion
7), +rts. !'0(a A !0!(g A (h,A !'& (a =a&ienda *atima v#@ational *ederation ofu!ar&ane orkers*ood, ;..6o. 1&0&&8, Canuary !/, !88%
a. <nterrogation &otyKs <epartment tore v#Mi&aller , ;.. 6o. 7"/11-,+ugust !', 10'- Philippineteam @avi!ation Co# v# Phil#Marine B&ers Guild% 1' S)+1& (10-'
b. Speech, 9spionage, 9conomic The ,nsular Life Assuran&e Co#
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)oercion Ltd#% 'mployees Assn# v#,nsular Life Assuran&e Co# 7td.,% S)+ !&% (101
c. )oncerted +ctivities Philippine $loomin! Mills
'mployees Br!anization v#Philippines $loomin! Mills% Co#%'1 S)+ 1/0 (10% )epubli&avin!s $ank v# C,), ;.. 6o. 7"!8%8%, September !, 10-
!. 6on"=nion Jembership or@ithdrawal from Jembershipas a condition of 9mployment(yellow"dog contract
7), +rt. !'0(b isayantevedore Trans# Co# v# C,),10S)+ &!- (10-
%. )ontracting out to 3iscourage=nionism
7), +rt. !'0(c $ankard% ,n&# v#@L)C, ;.. 6o. 11--&, Jarch-, !81%
&. )ompany 3omination of =nion 7), +rt. !'0(d Pro!ressive<evelopment Corp# v# C,)% /8S)+ &%& (10
'. 3iscrimination to 9ncourageD3iscourage =nionism
7), +rt. !'0(e
a. Lalid discrimination: union
security clause reKuisites
Alaban! Country Club% ,n&# v#
@L)C% '&' S)+ %'1 (!88/<el Monte v# Naldivar% ;.. 6o.1'/-!8, 11 October !88- $P,v# $L, 'mployees Union H<avaoChapter% *ederation of Unionsin $P, Unibank% ;.. 6o.1-&%81, Au!ust 72% 1272 AB&tober 73% 1277
b. )ollection of agency fees 7), +rt. !'0(e <el Pilar A&ademy et al#% v# <el Pilar
A&ademy 'mployees Union%;.. 6o. 1811!, +pril %8,!88/
-. etaliation: Testimony +gainst9mployerD<ndirectdiscrimination
7), +rt. !'0(f =#G# =enaresE ons v# @ational Labor Union,;.. 6o. 1'%', 3ecember !/,10-1D Mabeza v# @L)C, ;..
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6o. 11/'8-, +pril 1/, 100,to!onuyo& Mines% ,n&# v#$aldo, ;.. 6o. 1%0,3ecember !&, 10-&.
. <llegal 9xaction?eatherbedding 7), +rt. !-8(d
/. Janagement 5rerogative and=nfair 7abor 5ractices
hell Bil orkers Union v# hellCo# of the Phils# Ltd#, %0 S)+!- (101D an Mi!uel Corp#'mployees Union v# $ersamira%1/- S)+ &0- (1008
). +cts Liolative of ight to )ollective*argaining
1. Liolation of 3uty to *argain 7), +rts. !'0(g, !-8(c, A !-!"!-& hell Bil orkers Union v#hell Co# of the Phils# Ltd#% %0S)+ !- (101 GeneralMillin! Corp# v# CA% ;..1&-!/, ?ebruary 11, !88&Central Azu&arera <e $ais'mployees Union@*L v#Central Azu&arera <e $ais%,n&#% ;.. 6o. 1/--8',
6ovember 1, !818 t# IohnColle!es% ,n&# v# t# Iohn
A&ademy *a&ulty and'mployees Union% ;.. 6o.1-/0!, October !, !88-Union of *illipro 'mployees H<*A v# @estle Phil# ,n&#% ;.. 6o.1'/0%8, Jarch %, !88/
!. 6egotiation or +ttorney’s ?ees 7), +rts. !'0(h A !-8(e
%. ;ross Liolation of )ollective*argaining +greement 7), +rt. !'0(i, !-8(f, A !& Arellano University 'mployeesand orkers Union v# CA% ;..6o. 1%00&8, September 10,!88- an Mi!uel *oods% ,n&# v#MC 'mployees UnionPTGB%'%' S)+ 1%% (!88
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'mployees Union of $ayerPhils# v# $ayer Philippines ,n&#% ;.. 6o. 1-!0&%, 3ecember -,!818
3. Jotive, )onduct and 5roof 1. 9mployer Jotive and 5roof Phil# Metal *oundries% ,n&# v#
C,), 08 S)+ 1%' (100
!. Totality of 9vidence )oyal Under!armentCorporation of the Phil# v# C,)% 1/- S)+ !/ (1008
9. 9nforcement, emedies andSanctions
1. 5arties +gainst @hom =75
)ommitted
7), +rts. !'/ "!-8, A !10(e,
(f, A (g
!. 5arties 7iable for +cts
a 9mployer 7), +rts. !'0 A %8%"%8&
b 7abor Organi#ation 7), +rts. !-8 A %8%"%8&@ational Labor Union v# C,)% 11- S)+ &1 (10/!
%. 5rosecution and 5rescriptive5eriod
a )ivil +spect 7), +rt. !-8, pars. !"& A %8-
b )riminal +spect 7), +rts. !'0 A %8'
&. )ompromise CCLC '#G# Go&han!&o orkersUnion v# @L)C 1-1 S)+ -'-(10//
'. emedies and Sanctions
a )ivil emedies 7), +rts. !'0, !nd A %rd par.uadra v# CA, ;.. 6o. 1&'0%,
Culy %1, !88-b 5enal emedies 7), +rts. !'0 %8%"%8'
ART III UNION ONERTED ATIITIES
+. *asis of ight to 9ngage in
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)oncerted +ctivities
1. )onstitution )O6ST., +rt. N<<<, Sec. % $isi!n! Man!!a!a4a sa Con&rete
A!!re!ates% ,n&# v# @L)C, !!-S)+ &00 (100%
!. Statutory 7), +rts. !1/"+(a, (b, A (c, A!-/(a A (b <, *oo$ L, uleNN<< ,la4 at $uklod n!Man!!a!a4a (,$M/ v# @L)C,10/S)+ '/- (1001
%. 7imitations $atan!as La!una Tayabas $usCo# v# @L)C% !1! S)+ 0!(100!
*. Stri$e
1. 3e2nition 7), +rt. !10(o <, *oo$ L, ule<, Sec. 1(uu GE TransportCorp# v# Tito # ,nfante% '%%S)+ !// (!88 $ukluran n!Man!!a!a4a sa Clothmen?nittin! Corp# H olidarity ofUnions v# CA, ;.. 1'/1'/
Canuary 1, !88' Di$# ng
#g9#9#i(#ALU v. i!teCInten#tion#! o'.6 4+ SRA2- ;-,2<
!. 6ature and 5urpose $atan!as La!una Tayabas $usCo# v# @L)C% !1! S)+ 0!(100!
%. ationale for egulation by 7aw Lapanday orkers Union v#@L)C% !&/ S)+ 0' (100' ta#)osa Co&aCola Plant
'mployees Union v# CC$P, ;..6o. 1-&%8!"8%, !& Canuary!88
&. 9Mect on @or$ elationship 7), +rt. !1/(o 's&ario v#@L)C, ;.. 6o. 1-8%8!,September !, !818
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'. Types and )onversion
a. =nfair 7abor 5ractice 7), +rt. !/(c Master ,ronLabor v# @L)C, !10 S)+ &(100%hell Bil orkers Union
v# hell Co# of the Phil#, %0 S)+!- (101
b. *argaining 3eadloc$ 9conomicD=75
7), +rt. !/(c ConsolidatedLabor Asso&iation of the Phils#v# Marsman and Co., 11 S)+'/0 (10-&
-. ;rounds <, *oo$ L, ule NN<<, Sec. '
a. +llowable Stri$es 7), +rt. !/(c
b. 5rohibited Stri$es 7), +rts. !/(b, !/(g,
!0(a, A !/8 ,la4 at $uklodn! Man!!a!a4a(,$M/ v#@L)C,10/ S)+ '/- (1001Phil&om 'mployees Union v#Philippine Global, ;.. 6o.1&&%1', Culy 1, !88- $iOe+Phils#% ,n&# Labor Union (@A*LU/v# *ilOe+ ,ndustrial andManufa&turin! Corporation and$iOe+ (Phils#/% ,n&#, ;.. 6o.
1''-0, 10 3ecember !88-
c. 6o Stri$e )lause Malayan! amahan n!Man!!a!a4a s M# GreenFeld v#)amos% ;.. 6o. 11%08,?ebruary !/, !888
. Stri$ing 5arty <, *oo$ L, ule NN<<, Sec. -
/. 5rocedural eKuirements <, *oo$ L, ule NN<<, Secs. '"11
a. 9Mort to *argain 7), +rt. !0(a, !-1"!-&
b. ?iling of 6otice of <ntention 7), +rt. !0(c A (d <, *oo$ L,ule NN<<, Sec.
c. Observance of )ooling"OM5eriod
7), +rt. !0(c A (e
d. Stri$e Lote 7), +rt. !0(f A (a PilipinoTelephone Corp# v# P,LT'A, '!'
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S)+ %-1 (!88 ukhothaiCuisine and )estaurant v# CA,;.. 6o. 1'8&%, Culy 1, !88-
0. Test of 7egality
a. 7egal Stri$es
i 5urpose and Jeans Test )elian&e urety and ,nsuran&eCo#% ,n&# v# @L)C% 10% S)+ %-'(1001
ii 3efenses R ;ood ?aith Master ,ron Labor Union v#@L)C, !10 S)+ & (100%@ational Union of orkers=otels% )estaurant and Allied,ndustries v# @L)C% !/ S)+
10! (100/b. <llegal Stri$es
i *asis of <llegality7), +rt. !0(b, (c, (a A !/8Philippine <iamond =otel and)esort% ,n&# (Manila <iamond=otel/ v# Manila <iamond =otel'mployees Union% ;.. 6o.1'/8', Cune %8, !88-
ii 9Mect of <llegality 7), +rt. !0(a ukhothai
Cuisine and )estaurant v# CA% ;.. 6o. 1'8&%, Culy 1, !88-
Arellano University 'mployeesand orkers Union v# CA% ;..6o. 1%00&8, September 10,!88- @issan MotorsPhilippines% ,n&# v# e&retary ofLabor and 'mployment and$a!on! @a!kakaisan! Lakas sa@issan Motor Philippines% ,n&#
($A@AL@MP,BLAL,A?MU/, ;..6os. 1'/108"01, Cune !1, !88-Jolito *adriuelan% et al# vs#Monterey *oodsCorporation-Monterey *oodsCorporation v# $ukluran n! m!aMan!!a!a4a sa Monterey
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,LA% et al#% ;.. 6o.1/&80D;.. 6o. 1/&%&, Cune/, !811
iii 9Mect of
+ssumptionD)erti2cation order
7), +rt. !/(g Union of the
*ilipro 'mployees<ru! v#@estle% ;.. 6o. 1'/0%8"%1,+ugust !!, !88- Manila =otel'mployees Asso&iation and itsmembers v# Manila =otel Corp#% ;.. 6o. 1'&'01, Jarch ',!88 teel Corporation v# CP'mployees @A*LU, ;.. 6os.1-0/!0"%8, +pril 1-, !88/ *'U@)M* v# *'U@)M*'AA*% ;..
6o. 1-/%-!, October 1-, !88- 18. 9mployment of Stri$e *rea$ers 7), +rt. !0 (c !10(r
11. <mproved OMer *alloting andStri$es
7), +rt. !/8 <, *oo$ L, uleNN<<, Sec. 1!
). Stri$es in industries indispensableto the national interest
1. ationale of )ompulsory+rbitration
!. 3e2nition and 6ature of 3isputeSubect to )ompulsory+rbitration
%. SO79’s assumptionDcerti2cationorder is constitutional
7), +rt. !/(g <, *oo$ L, ule<, Sec. 1(gg
Manila Corda!e Company v#C,)% 8 C)A 199 (7387D
University of ,mma&ulateCon&ep&ion ,n&# v# e&# ofLabor % ""9 C)A 732 (1220/
LC% Art# 189(!/D GT' <ire&toriesCorp# v# GT' <ire&tories Corp#'mployees Union% 738 C)A"01 (7337/D Phim&o ,ndustries,n&# v# $rillantes% 2" C)A 8"8(7333/D TransAsia hippin!
Lines ,n&# v# Court of Appeals% " C)A ;72 (122"/D
Union of *ilipro 'mployees v#@estle Phils#% 731 C)A 3;(7332/D Philtread orkers Unionv# Confesor , ;.. 6o 111-0,
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&. SO79’s assumptionDcerti2cation
order is plenary
'. 9Mect of )erti2cation andLiolation of Order
Jarch 1!, 100
u!!ested readin!s: enate $ill@o# 172%http:--senate#!ov#ph-lis-bill.res#asp+Q&on!ressR70ER$@172D =ouse $ill @o# 70;"%http:--444#&on!ress#!ov#ph-do4nload-&omms.related.70-hb270;"#pdf D Position Paper of.the'mployers Confederation of the
philippines ('CBp/ on enate$ill @o# 01 (Limitin! the Po4erof Assumption or CertiF&ationof Labor <isputes/%http:--444#e&op#or!#ph-advo&a&y-poli&y-'ssentialS12ervi&es#pdf D @e4 Laborse&retary told: =ands o6 onassumption of 5urisdi&tion%http:--444#kilusan!mayouno#or!- ne4s-1272-28-ne4laborse&retarytoldhandsassumption5urisdi&tion
TransAsia hippin! Lines% ,n&#Unli&ensed Cre4s 'mployeesUnion v# CA% ;.. 6o. 1&'&!/,
Culy , !88& Manila <iamond=otel 'mployees Union v# CA%&& S)+ 0 (!88'
7), +rt. !/(g Phil&om'mployees Union v# PhilippineGlobal Communi&ations, &0'
S)+ !1& (!88- Manila =otel'mployees Assn# v# Manila=otel Corp#, '1 S)+ %&0(!88 Grand $oulevard =otelv# Genuine Labor Br!anization,&8- S)+ -// (!88% ToyotaMotor Phils Corp# orkers Assn#
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v# @L)C% '% S)+ 11 (!88armiento v# Tui&o% 1-! S)+-- (10// Union of *ilipro'mployees v# @estle Phils#, 10!S)+ %0- (1008
). Slowdown as )oncerted +ctivity ,la4 at $uklod n! Man!!a!a4a(,$M/% 0/ S)+ '0/ (1001 Jolito *adriuelan% et al# vs#Monterey *oods Corporation-Monterey *oods Corporation v#$ukluran n! m!a Man!!a!a4asa Monterey,LA% et al#% ;..6o. 1/&80D;.. 6o.1/&%&, Cune /, !811#
3. 5ic$eting <, *oo$ L, ule NN<<, Sec. 1%
1. 3e2nition
!. 6ature and 5urpose of 5ic$et7ine
,nsular Life Assuran&e Co# Ltd#'mployees Assn# v# ,nsular Life
Assuran&e Co# Ltd#, % S)+!&% (101 ta# )osa Co&aCola Plant 'mployees Union v#CC$P, ;.. 6o. 1-&%8!"8%,
Canuary !&, !88
%. 5ic$eting and 7ibel 7aws Philippine Commer&ial and,ndustrial $ank v# Philnabank'mployees Assn#, 18' S)+ %1&(10/1
&. )urtailment @a!kahiusan! Man!!a!a4a saCuizon =otel v# Libron% 1!&S)+ &&/ (10/%
'. egulationDestrictions, <nnocent Third 5arty ule and 7iabilities
Li4ay4ay Publishin! Co# ,n&# v#Permanent Con&rete orkers
Union% 18/ S)+ 1-1 (10/1 -. 5rohibited +ctivities 5eaceful
5ic$eting7), +rt. !0(b <, *oo$ L, uleNN<<, Sec. 1%
9. 7abor <nunction
1. <nunction prohibited 7), +rts. !-- A !10(l Calte+*ilipino Mana!ers and
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upervisors Asso&iation v# C,)% ;.. 6os. 7"%8-%!"%%, +pril 11,10!
!. 9xceptions 7), +rts. !!'(e A !/(g
?. ole of 5eace OPcers 3uring Stri$esand 5ic$eting
1. 9scorting 7), +rt. !0(d
!. +rrest and 3etention of 7awLiolators
7), +rt. !/1
#t IG EMLOYER LOHOUT
+. *asis, 7imitation and 3e2nition 7), +rts. !/(b, A !10(p <,
*oo$ L, ule <, Sec. 1(gg*. 9Mect on @or$ elationship 7), +rt. !10p
). ;round 7), +rt. !/(c
3. 5rohibited 7oc$"out 7), +rts. !/(b A (g, !0(a
9. 5rocedural eKuirements 7), +rts. !0(a, (c, (d, A (e,!/(e <, *oo$ L, ule NN<<,Secs. '"11 Philtread v# @L)C%!1/ S)+ /8' (100%
?. 9Mect of <llegal 7oc$"out 7), +rt. !0(a, par. %, 1stsentence
#t G LABOR RELATIONS IN TE UBLI SETOR
+. ight to Organi#e
1. *asis )O6ST., +rt. <<<, Sec. / +rt. N<<<Sec. % +rt. <N"*, Sec. !('
9xecutive Order 6o. 1/8 (10/+mended ules ;overning the9xercise of the ight of;overnment 9mployees to Self"Organi#ation the <mplementingules (+mended ules <7O)onvention 6o. 1'1, 5reamble,
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+rts. 1"0 <nternational)ovenant on 9conomic, Socialand )ultural ights, +rt. /<nternational )ovenant on )iviland 5olitical ights, +rt. !!
!. +ctivities 9O 1/8, ule <<< +mendedules, ule <<, Sec. %
*. OPcers and 9mployees with ightto Self"organi#ation
9O 1/8, Secs. ! to & +mendedules, ule <<, Sec. !, and ule <(ii, ($, (#, A (aa
). 5rotection of ight 9O 1/8, Sec. ' A Sec. -+mended ules, ule NL<, Secs.1 A !
3. egistration 9O 1/8, Sec. A / +mendedules, ule <, Sec. 1 (u, ( A(ll, and ules L to L<<
9. +ccreditation as 6egotiating +gent 9O 1/8, Sec. 18 +mendedules, ule <, Sec. 1 (a, (b, A(w
1. Loluntary ecognition 9O 1/8, Sec. 11 +mended
ules, ule L<<<, Secs. !"/!. )erti2cation 9lection 9O 1/8, Sec. 1! +mended
ules, ule <, Sec. 1 (g, uleL<<<, Sec. /, A ules <N to N<
Assn# of Court of Appeals'mployees v# *errerCalle5a6 !8%S)+ '0- (1001 $autista v#CA, &'! S)+ &8- (!88'
%. *argaining unit 9O 1/8, Sec. 0 ule <( ule <,Sec. 1 (gg A (hh
&. esponsibility of *argaining
+gent
+mended ules, ule L<<<, Sec.1!
?. )ollective 6egotiation 9O 1/8, Sec. 1% +mendedules, ules N<< to N<<<
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1. 6egotiable <ssues +mended ules, ule N<<, Secs.1 A !
!. 6on"6egotiable <ssues +mended ules, ule N<<, Secs.
% A ' Abanilla v# Commission%
&-/ S)+ / (!88' Janila<nternational +irport +uthority v.
)ommission on +udit, ;.. 6o.
10&18, ?eb. 1!, !81!
;. )oncerted +ctivities 9O 1/8, Sec. 1& +mendedules, ule <<, Sec. % o&iale&urity ystem 'mployees
Assn# v# CA% 1' S)+ -/-(10/0 Manila Publi& &hoolsTea&hers Assn# v# La!uio% !88S)+ %!% (1001 Ia&into v# CA,!/1 S)+ -' (100
>. 5ublic Sector 7abor Janagement)ouncil
9O 1/8, Sec. 1' +mendedules, ules N<N A NN.
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#t GI1 L#8o Di('ute Sett!ement M#73iney
+. >istorical bac$drop of thepresent labor disputeresolution system
).+. 6o. 18% (10%- A ).+. 6o. !1%(10%- .+. 6o. /' (10'% 5roc. 6o.18/1 (10!, ;.O. 6o. ' (10!, 5.3. &&!(10& A 5.3. 6o. /!% (10'
*. State policies re: methodsof dispute settlement
a. preference for voluntaryand democratic methods
)O6ST<T=T<O6 ()O6ST. +rt. N<<<, Sec. %7), +rt. !1/ (+ and (*
b. providing an adeKuatemachinery for resolvinglabor disputes
+rt. !1/ (+ (e
c. speedy labor ustice)O6ST., +rt. <<<, Sec. 1- 7), +rt. !1/(e,!811 67) ules of 5rocedure, ule L,Sec. 1 7), +rts.!!% (penultimate par.!!- ules <mplementing *oo$ L, ule <L,Sec. ule L<<<, Secs. 1% and !1 ule N<,Secs. 1& and !8 ule N<<<, Sec 1% and 1&7), +rt. !-Cadalin v# PB'A, ;.. 6o. 18&-,3ecember ', 100& *'MKs 'le!an&eLod!in! =ouse v# Murillo, ;.. 6o.
11&&!, Canuary 11, 100'
d. technical rules, not binding7), +rt. !!Polsotin v# <e Guia 'nterprises% ,n&#, ;..6o. 1!-!&, 3ecember ', !811=untin!ton teel Produ&ts% ,n&# v# @L)C,;.. 6o. 1'/%11, 6ovember 1, !88&The @e4 alley Times Press v# @L)C, ;..6o. 188&/!, Culy 1', 100!
e. adherence to administrativedue process
An! Tibay v# C,), -0 5hil. -%' $autista v#BL', ;.. 6o. /1%&, +pril %8, 1001
f. non"lawyers, allowed toappear
7), +rt. !!/ !811 67) ules of5rocedure, ule <<<, Sec. - (b and (cPolsotin v# <e Guia 'nterprises% ,n&#, ;..6o. 1!-!&, 3ecember ', !811
i. authority to bind party"litigant
!811 67) ules of 5rocedure, ule <<<,Sec.
ii. union service fees7), +rts. 111 and !!/ (b)adio Communi&ations of the Phils#% ,n&#v# BL', ;.. 6o. 0'0, Canuary 0, 10/0
). Jethods of resolving laborSuggested reading: >ans 7eo C. )acdac,
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