Post on 26-May-2020
page
24
Min
as T
irith
Eve
ning
-Sta
r
Yule
Din
ner
This
issu
e, w
e’re
con
side
ring
reci
pes f
or H
obbi
tish
favo
urite
s for
Yul
e D
inne
r. R
emem
ber:
Yul
e is
a tw
o da
y ho
liday
falli
ng b
etw
een
Fore
yule
30
and
Afte
ryul
e 1.
(H
obbi
ts
are
very
sens
ible
abo
ut th
eir c
alen
dar!
) H
owev
er, Y
ulet
ide
in
full
is si
x da
ys lo
ng, b
egin
ning
For
eyul
e 29
and
con
tinui
ng
thro
ugh
Afte
ryul
e 2.
The
re sh
ould
be
plen
ty o
f tim
e fo
r the
se
and
othe
r rec
ipes
in a
six-
day
holid
ay g
iven
ove
r to
feas
ting!
Roa
st Be
ef wi
th S
hire
Pud
ding
Pl
ace
four
pou
nd b
eef r
ib r
oast
, fat
side
up,
in a
sh
allo
w r
oast
ing
pan.
Sea
son
with
salt
and
pepp
er.
Inse
rt m
eat t
herm
omet
er, a
void
ing
bone
. R
oast
, unc
over
ed, i
n a
325°
F
oven
abo
ut 2
.5 h
ours
or t
ill m
eat t
herm
omet
er re
gist
ers 1
40°
F fo
r rar
e, th
ree
hour
s or 1
60° F
for m
ediu
m, a
nd 3
.25
hour
s or
170°
F fo
r wel
l don
e. R
emov
e m
eat t
o he
ated
serv
ing
plat
ter;
keep
war
m.
Res
erve
0.2
5 cu
p dr
ippi
ngs.
Incr
ease
ove
n to
40
0° F
. Com
bine
four
egg
s, tw
o cu
ps m
ilk, 2
cup
s flo
ur a
nd
one
teas
poon
salt
in a
bow
l (a
mix
er is
han
dy fo
r thi
s).
Bea
t fo
r 1.5
min
utes
. Po
ur h
alf o
f the
rese
rved
drip
ping
s int
o ea
ch
of tw
o 9
X 9
X 2
inch
bak
ing
pans
. Po
ur h
alf t
he b
atte
r int
o ea
ch p
an.
Bak
e in
400
° F o
ven
30 m
inut
es.
Serv
e im
med
iate
ly
with
roas
t. M
akes
eig
ht se
rvin
gs.
(Con
tinue
d on
pag
e 23
)
Zin
nia
Sto
ok’s
From
the L
arde
r H
obbi
t C
uis
ine
Sh
aron
Hel
ms
Win
ter 2
007
page
1
Volu
me 3
6, N
umbe
r 3
W
inter
200
7
Jour
nal o
f the
Am
erica
n T
olkien
™ S
ociet
y
ISSN
106
3-08
48
page
2
Min
as T
irith
Eve
ning
-Sta
r
Am
eric
an T
olki
en S
ocie
ty
P.O
. Box
97
Hig
hlan
d M
I 483
57-0
097
Am
alie
A. H
elm
s E
xecu
tive
Dir
ecto
r an
d E
dito
r Ph
ilip
W. H
elm
s, E
dito
r E
mer
itus
http
://w
ww
.am
eric
anto
lkie
nsoc
iety
.org
©
Cop
yrig
ht th
e A
mer
ican
Tol
kien
Soc
iety
, 200
7 IS
SN 1
063-
0848
Vol
ume
36, N
umbe
r 3
W
inte
r 20
07
Tabl
e of
Con
tent
s T
olki
en in
Aca
dem
ia #
6 ....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
. pag
e 3
D
avid
L. D
ettm
an
Shir
etal
k ....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. pag
e 9
In
the
Hal
l of F
ire .
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. pag
e 10
A
n A
mer
ican
Tol
kien
Soc
iety
Poe
try F
eatu
re (a
lso
on p
age
22)
M. A
nish
, S. B
owm
an, D
. LaB
ranc
he, T
. Rile
y, J.
Sve
ndse
n D
ior
Rec
eive
s the
Silm
aril
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
. pag
e 15
Fi
ctio
n by
Sus
an D
orm
an
Hug
o’s B
ooks
helf
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
... p
age
20
An
Am
eric
an T
olki
en S
ocie
ty N
ews a
nd R
evie
w F
eatu
re
Zin
nia
Stoo
k’s F
rom
the
Lar
der .
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. pag
e 24
H
obbi
t Cui
sine
by
Shar
on H
elm
s C
over
: Art
by W
ojci
ech
Kle
j M
inas
Tir
ith E
veni
ng-S
tar:
Jou
rnal
of
the
Am
eric
an T
olki
en S
ocie
ty i
s pr
oduc
ed fo
r the
Am
eric
an T
olki
en S
ocie
ty b
y W
ereW
olf P
ublic
atio
ns a
nd is
pr
ovid
ed to
all
mem
bers
with
out f
urth
er c
harg
e. A
lso
avai
labl
e by
e-m
ail i
n PD
F fo
rmat
and
in R
TF fo
rmat
on
disk
ette
or b
y e-
mai
l. A
TS a
nnua
l due
s are
$1
0.00
US
for
e-m
ail;
$12.
50 U
S in
side
U.S
. (in
clud
ing
zip
code
s in
Pue
rto
Ric
o), C
anad
a an
d M
exic
o; $
15.0
0 U
S in
oth
er n
atio
ns.
Due
s in
clud
e Fi
rst
Cla
ss h
andl
ing
insi
de U
.S.,
Air
Mai
l to
othe
r nat
ions
. Po
tent
ial c
ontri
buto
rs,
send
self-
addr
esse
d, st
ampe
d en
velo
pe fo
r gui
delin
es.
TO
LKIE
N is
a tr
ade
mar
k of
The
J R
R T
olki
en E
stat
e Li
mite
d
and
is u
sed
with
kin
d pe
rmis
sion
.
Jour
nal o
f the
Am
erica
n T
olkien
™ S
ociet
y
Win
ter 2
007
page
23
Bell
Good
child
Gam
gee’s
Plu
m P
uddi
ng
Soak
four
slic
es b
read
, tor
n in
to p
iece
s in
one
cup
milk
and
bea
t to
brea
k up
. St
ir in
six
ounc
es g
roun
d su
et, o
ne
cup
pack
ed b
row
n su
gar,
two
slig
htly
bea
ten
eggs
, 0.2
5 cu
p or
ange
juic
e an
d on
e te
aspo
on v
anill
a. I
n a
bow
l, co
mbi
ne
two
cups
rai
sins
, one
cup
snip
ped,
pitt
ed d
ates
, 0.5
cup
di
ced
mix
ed c
andi
ed fr
uits
and
pee
ls, a
nd 0
.5 c
up c
hopp
ed
wal
nuts
. St
ir to
geth
er o
ne c
up fl
our,
two
teas
poon
s gro
und
cinn
amon
, one
teas
poon
gro
und
clov
es, o
ne te
aspo
on
grou
nd m
ace,
one
teas
poon
bak
ing
soda
and
0.5
teas
poon
sa
lt. A
dd d
ry m
ixtu
re to
the
mix
ed fr
uits
and
mix
wel
l. S
tir in
br
ead-
suet
mix
ture
. Po
ur in
to w
ell-g
reas
ed tw
o-qu
art m
old
(do
not u
se ri
ng m
old
or tu
be p
an!)
. C
over
with
foil
and
tight
ly ti
e fo
il on
usi
ng st
ring.
Pl
ace
the
mol
d on
rack
in d
eep
kettl
e; a
dd b
oilin
g w
ater
to
the
kettl
e to
a d
epth
of o
ne in
ch.
Cov
er a
nd st
eam
the
pudd
ing
3.5
hour
s; a
dd m
ore
boili
ng w
ater
if n
eede
d. C
ool t
he
pudd
ing
abou
t 10
min
utes
bef
ore
rem
ovin
g fr
om th
e m
old.
Se
rve
the
pudd
ing
with
har
d sa
uce.
Mak
es 1
6 se
rvin
gs.
The
Gaf
fer’s
Favo
urite
Har
d Sa
uce
In a
bow
l cre
am to
geth
er (t
hat m
ixer
will
be
hand
y ag
ain)
two
cups
sift
ed p
owde
red
(con
fect
ione
r’s)
suga
r an
d 0.
5 cu
p bu
tter
, sof
tene
d. B
eat i
n on
e be
aten
egg
yol
k an
d on
e te
aspo
on v
anill
a. S
et a
side
. W
ash
beat
ers.
Bea
t one
egg
w
hite
till
stiff
pea
ks fo
rm.
Gen
tly fo
ld in
to b
utte
r mix
ture
. C
over
; chi
ll. M
akes
1.7
5 cu
ps.
Serv
e ov
er p
lum
pud
ding
. Th
ese
Shire
favo
urite
s, pa
rticu
larly
the
pudd
ings
, are
le
ss fa
mili
ar to
Am
eric
an re
ader
s tha
n m
any
food
s men
tione
d,
and
we
hope
any
who
try
the
reci
pes w
ill e
njoy
them
.
Hap
py Y
ule!
page
22
Min
as T
irith
Eve
ning
-Sta
r
revi
ews a
nd m
eetin
g no
tices
. N
umbe
r 308
(Nov
embe
r) h
as a
ne
w e
dito
r and
a n
ew lo
ok.
Gin
ger M
cElw
ee is
the
new
edi
tor,
and
has r
esol
ved
thei
r iss
ues o
ver p
osta
ge o
n an
inte
rim b
asis
by
mai
ling
the
8.5
X 7
(inc
hes)
pub
licat
ion
fold
ed in
hal
f, to
4.
25 X
7 (i
nche
s), t
abbe
d as
a se
lf-m
aile
r. C
onte
nts i
nclu
de
revi
ews a
nd m
eetin
g no
tices
. w
ww
.myt
hsoc
.org
W
e ha
ve re
ceiv
ed fi
ve is
sues
of B
eyon
d B
ree.
Aug
ust
is c
hief
ly o
ccup
ied
with
revi
ews,
lette
rs, a
nd in
form
atio
n on
ev
ents
. Se
ptem
ber r
etai
ns a
sim
ilar f
ocus
. O
ctob
er is
sim
ilarly
re
liabl
e, w
ith th
e ad
ditio
n of
som
e an
ime-
styl
e ar
t by
Oct
o K
wan
. N
ovem
ber i
nclu
des a
n es
say,
“A
rago
rn a
nd th
e A
rnor
Pl
ot”
by G
ene
Har
grov
e. D
ecem
ber i
nclu
des “
Kni
ghth
ood
in
Mid
dle-
earth
” by
Nan
cy M
arts
ch (c
onde
nsed
from
a p
aper
pr
esen
ted
at M
ythc
on).
http
://w
ww
.cep
.unt
.edu
/bre
e.ht
ml
Dar
k Sea
t
The
Dar
k Lo
rd w
ants
to ru
le fo
reve
rmor
e.
Wou
ldn’
t you
, in
his d
ark
seat
, fee
l the
sam
e?
Full
of im
mor
tal a
nd im
pres
sive
lore
, Th
e D
ark
Lord
wan
ts to
rule
fore
verm
ore.
H
is g
olde
n yo
uth
he’s
eag
er to
rest
ore.
H
e’s s
erio
us a
bout
his
evi
l gam
e.
The
Dar
k Lo
rd w
ants
to ru
le fo
reve
rmor
e.
Wou
ldn’
t you
, in
his d
ark
seat
, fee
l the
sam
e?
- Tom
Rile
y
The
Shi
re
Whe
n al
l go
odne
ss is
gon
e th
ere’
s alw
ays t
he m
orse
l no
gre
edy
hand
can
reac
h do
wn
at
bag’
s end
. - S
haw
n B
owm
an
Win
ter 2
007
page
3
Tol
kien
™
in /
Tol
kien
™
an
d A
cad
emia
D
avid
L. D
ettm
an
I t is
com
mon
plac
e kn
owle
dge
that
Tol
kien
wro
te T
he
Lord
of
the
Rin
gs t
o be
a “
Myt
holo
gy f
or E
ngla
nd.”
B
ut t
his
apoc
ryph
al q
uota
tion
(no
one
can
prov
ide
the
orig
inal
cita
tion)
, mak
es a
set
of c
laim
s fo
r The
Lor
d of
th
e R
ings
tha
t do
n’t
real
ly h
old
wat
er.
And
ers
Sten
strö
m
orig
inal
ly p
oint
ed th
is o
ut1 –
that
the
quot
atio
n w
as im
agin
ary
and
he q
uest
ione
d w
heth
er T
olki
en w
ould
hav
e re
ally
thou
ght
of h
is w
ork
as a
cyc
le o
f myt
holo
gy.
I agr
ee w
ith S
tens
tröm
’s
sugg
estio
n an
d th
ink
it is
hig
hly
unlik
ely
that
Tol
kien
, who
was
im
mer
sed
in t
he v
ario
us m
edie
val
genr
es a
ll hi
s lif
e, w
ould
ha
ve th
ough
t of T
he L
ord
of th
e R
ings
or T
he S
ilmar
illio
n as
m
ytho
logy
.
He
wou
ld
have
pl
aced
th
em
in
Lege
nds
or
Rom
ance
, not
eith
er M
yth
or E
pic.
2 But
this
is a
dis
cuss
ion
for
anot
her
colu
mn.
To
day
I w
ant
to t
alk
abou
t on
e of
the
bes
t bo
oks
I hav
e re
ad in
a c
oupl
e of
yea
rs.
It is
a s
tudy
of E
nglis
h ro
man
ce m
otifs
fro
m th
e en
d of
the
Ang
lo-S
axon
era
to S
tuar
t En
glan
d –
Hel
en C
oope
r’s
The
Eng
lish
Rom
ance
in
Tim
e:
Tran
sfor
min
g m
otifs
fro
m G
eoff
rey
of M
onm
outh
to
the
deat
h of
Sha
kesp
eare
(O
xfor
d U
nive
rsity
Pre
ss, 2
004)
. Th
e
1.
Sten
strö
m,
And
ers,
1995
, A
M
ytho
logy
? Fo
r En
glan
d?
In
Proc
eedi
ngs
of t
he J
. R
. R
. Tol
kien
Cen
tena
ry C
onfe
renc
e, e
d. P
. R
eyno
lds a
nd G
. H. G
oodk
nigh
t, M
ythl
ore
v. 8
0 pp
. 310
-314
.
2. P
arts
of
The
Silm
arill
ion
are
myt
hic
and
parts
are
epi
c, b
ut t
he
maj
ority
of t
he w
ork
falls
into
the
cate
gory
of r
oman
ce.
page
4
Min
as T
irith
Eve
ning
-Sta
r
reas
on it
is p
ertin
ent t
o th
ose
of u
s th
at th
ink
abou
t Tol
kien
is
that
she
doe
sn’t
real
ly s
top
with
the
deat
h of
Sha
kesp
eare
, but
co
ntin
ues
the
narr
ativ
e an
d an
alys
is t
hrou
gh J
ohn
Bun
yan’
s Pi
lgri
m’s
Pro
gres
s to
the
Twen
tieth
Cen
tury
and
Tol
kien
. Th
e bo
ok tr
aces
the
maj
or m
otifs
of m
edie
val r
oman
ce
and
show
s ho
w th
ey c
hang
ed th
roug
h tim
e.
Coo
per
disc
usse
s ‘m
emes
’ –
maj
or p
lot
elem
ents
tha
t re
cur
in r
oman
ce,
are
fam
iliar
to
mos
t re
ader
s an
d le
ad to
a s
et o
f ex
pect
atio
ns a
nd
expe
cted
out
com
es.
The
way
in w
hich
thes
e pl
ot e
lem
ents
are
tre
ated
from
the
Elev
enth
Cen
tury
to th
e Tw
entie
th C
entu
ry c
an
show
su
rpris
ing
cont
inui
ty,
give
n th
e ch
ange
s in
En
glis
h so
ciet
y ac
ross
tha
t tim
e.
And
yet
cha
nges
did
occ
ur a
s in
divi
dual
writ
ers
mod
ify m
emes
, the
rea
sons
to r
ead
rom
ance
ch
ange
d, r
oman
ce r
eade
rs’
soci
al s
tatu
s ch
ange
d, a
nd n
ew
disc
ussi
ons
of
soci
al
issu
es
deve
lope
d in
ro
man
ce
text
s.
Coo
per
cove
rs m
otifs
in
thes
e br
oad
area
s: t
he q
uest
and
pi
lgrim
age;
tra
vel
acro
ss t
he s
ea a
nd b
eing
los
t/aba
ndon
ed a
t se
a; m
agic
and
how
it
exis
ts i
n th
e ro
man
ce w
orld
; el
ves,
fairi
es, a
nd F
aërie
; lov
e an
d se
xual
des
ire; w
omen
acc
used
and
on
tria
l (fo
r ad
ulte
ry);
rest
orin
g th
e rig
htfu
l hei
r to
a k
ingd
om;
and
the
happ
y en
ding
. Th
e w
riter
s of
thes
e w
orks
use
som
e or
m
any
of th
ese
them
es u
npro
blem
atic
ally
or t
hey
may
con
tradi
ct
the
expe
ctat
ions
est
ablis
hed
by th
e ap
pear
ance
of a
mot
if.
It is
fas
cina
ting
to s
ee h
ow t
hese
mot
ifs a
ppea
r an
d re
plic
ate
thro
ugh
time.
Som
e ar
e st
ill g
oing
stro
ng, s
uch
as th
e qu
est a
nd th
e rig
htfu
l kin
g in
Tol
kien
or
C. S
. Lew
is.
Oth
ers
have
fade
d fr
om o
ur re
adin
g of
rom
ance
. C
oope
r’s
book
ope
ns
with
the
fam
ous
stag
e di
rect
ion
in S
hake
spea
re’s
Win
ter’
s Ta
le, “
Exit,
pur
sued
by
a be
ar.”
Thi
s lin
e is
not
able
bec
ause
a
mod
ern
read
er o
f th
e pl
ay i
s co
mpl
etel
y un
prep
ared
for
it.
Th
ere
is n
o di
scus
sion
or
even
men
tion
of b
ears
by
any
char
acte
r up
to th
at p
oint
in th
e pl
ay.
Late
r we
hear
of t
he b
ear
crue
lly d
evou
ring
Ant
igon
us, b
ut th
e su
dden
firs
t app
eara
nce
of
a be
ar in
a st
age
dire
ctio
n is
a su
rpris
e. I
t was
not
a su
rpris
e fo
r th
e El
izab
etha
n au
dien
ce w
ho f
irst s
aw th
e pl
ay.
Ant
igon
us is
in
Boh
emia
to a
band
on a
chi
ld in
the
wild
erne
ss.
In m
any
the
popu
lar
rom
ance
s of
the
tim
e, b
ears
and
wild
erne
ss a
nd c
hild
ab
ando
nmen
t w
ere
very
stro
ngly
ass
ocia
ted.
C
oope
r’s
book
Win
ter 2
007
page
21
Publ
icat
ions
Rec
eive
d W
e ha
ve re
ceiv
ed th
ree
issu
es o
f Am
on H
en, B
ulle
tin
of th
e To
lkie
n So
ciet
y. N
umbe
r 206
mar
ked
“70
Yea
rs o
f The
H
obbi
t.” C
onte
nts i
nclu
de se
vera
l sho
rt es
says
and
a lo
nger
on
e, “
Elvi
sh a
nd H
eroi
c: C
an W
e Lo
ve T
he S
ilmar
illio
n?”
by
Lin
Dav
ies;
revi
ews o
f the
mus
ical
, and
of T
he P
lant
s of
Mid
dle-
earth
, and
info
rmat
ion
on u
pcom
ing
Soci
ety
even
ts.
Num
ber 2
07 in
clud
es “
a G
ondo
rian
faer
y ta
le”
by S
ally
En
glan
d, “
Rea
ding
Tol
kien
: The
Sen
sory
and
Mor
al
Topo
grap
hy o
f Mid
dle-
earth
” by
Efe
Lev
ent,
“Tol
kien
The
Fa
scis
t?”
by D
avid
Dou
ghan
, “Th
e Fu
nctio
ns o
f Dre
am in
The
Lo
rd o
f the
Rin
gs”
by D
avid
Gra
yson
, a d
eal o
f rat
her g
ood
art,
som
e po
etry
, and
a lo
ng le
tter.
Num
ber 2
08 a
nnou
nces
Hen
ry
Gee
as n
ew e
dito
r of M
allo
rn.
Oth
er c
onte
nts i
nclu
de “
Fles
h an
d St
one:
Dua
lism
and
the
Dru
edai
n” b
y M
icha
el
Cun
ning
ham
and
a n
umbe
r of r
epor
ts.
Als
o re
ceiv
ed: T
olki
en
Soci
ety
Trad
ing
Ltd.
Cat
alog
ue.
http
://w
ww
.tolk
iens
ocie
ty.o
rg/
We
have
rece
ived
thre
e is
sues
of L
emba
s fro
m T
olki
en
Gen
oots
chap
Unq
uend
or.
Num
ber 1
30 (A
ugus
t) in
clud
es a
re
view
of “
Shad
ows o
f Ang
mar
,” a
mas
sive
ly m
ultip
laye
r on
line
role
pla
ying
gam
e (M
MO
RPG
) and
repo
rts o
n w
hat
seem
to h
ave
been
seve
ral e
vent
s. N
umbe
r 131
(Oct
ober
) has
a
new
cov
er d
esig
n: “
Turin
slay
s Gla
urun
g” b
y Jo
hn H
owe.
C
onte
nts i
nclu
de a
repo
rt on
the
Indo
nesi
an so
ciet
y, E
orlin
gas;
an
arti
cle
whi
ch se
ems t
o su
gges
t mun
dane
wor
ld p
aral
lels
to
Mid
dle-
earth
site
s, re
view
s and
repo
rts.
Num
ber 1
32
(Dec
embe
r) re
peat
s the
Hoe
w c
over
. C
onte
nts i
nclu
de “
In d
e vo
etsp
oren
van
Hob
bits
? ee
n an
alys
e va
n de
keu
ze v
oor h
et
Kw
aad
onde
r de
Hob
bits
” by
Joer
i Pac
olet
. Th
is lo
oks l
ike
a ve
ry in
tere
stin
g es
say,
but
lack
ing
the
lang
uage
, one
can
not s
ay
muc
h m
ore.
Thi
s iss
ue d
oes i
nclu
de th
ree
revi
ews i
n En
glis
h!
(Lem
bas i
s nor
mal
ly in
Dut
ch.)
Als
o re
ceiv
ed: 2
007-
2008
di
rect
ory
and
2007
ann
ual r
epor
t. w
ww
.unq
uend
or.n
l W
e ha
ve re
ceiv
ed th
ree
issu
es o
f Myt
hpri
nt, t
he
mon
thly
bul
letin
of t
he M
ytho
poei
c So
ciet
y. N
umbe
r 305
(A
ugus
t) an
noun
ces t
he M
ytho
poei
c A
war
d w
inne
rs a
nd
incl
udes
mee
ting
notic
es a
nd re
ports
on
Myt
hcon
. N
umbe
r 306
-307
(Sep
tem
ber/O
ctob
er) i
nclu
des i
nfor
mat
ion
on M
ythc
on,
page
20
Min
as T
irith
Eve
ning
-Sta
r
Hug
o’s B
ooks
helf
An A
mer
ican
Tolk
ien™
So
ciety
New
s and
Rev
iew
Feat
ure
edite
d an
d se
lect
ed b
y
Phili
p W
. Hel
ms
The
Hob
bit F
ilm N
ews
In a
n ar
ticle
by
Jake
Coy
le, t
he A
ssoc
iate
d Pr
ess
repo
rts th
at P
eter
Jack
son
has a
gree
d to
pro
duce
two
film
s ba
sed
on T
he H
obbi
t. N
o di
rect
or h
as b
een
nam
ed a
t thi
s w
ritin
g. Th
e tw
o fil
ms w
ill b
e sh
ot si
mul
tane
ousl
y, a
s Jac
kson
di
d w
ith T
he L
ord
of th
e R
ings
. It
was
repo
rtedl
y Ja
ckso
n’s
idea
to d
ivid
e th
e st
ory
into
two
film
s. T
here
has
bee
n no
in
dica
tion
whe
re h
e w
ill c
hoos
e to
div
ide
the
plot
. Pr
oduc
tion
will
tent
ativ
ely
begi
n in
200
9, w
ith fi
lms t
o be
rele
ased
in 2
010
and
2011
. N
o w
riter
s hav
e be
en n
amed
yet
, and
pro
duct
ion
may
be
dela
yed
by th
e cu
rren
t writ
ers’
strik
e.
The
film
s will
be
prod
uced
and
dis
tribu
ted
in N
orth
A
mer
ica
by N
ew L
ine
Cin
ema
(Tim
e W
arne
r, In
c.) a
nd
dist
ribut
ed in
tern
atio
nally
by
Met
ro-G
oldw
yn-M
ayer
(MG
M; a
co
nsor
tium
incl
udin
g So
ny a
nd C
omca
st).
The
two
firm
s will
re
porte
dly
split
fina
ncin
g an
d di
strib
utio
n co
sts.
This
ann
ounc
emen
t was
mad
e po
ssib
le b
y th
e D
ecem
ber 1
8, 2
007
settl
emen
t of t
he la
wsu
it by
Jack
son
agai
nst N
ew L
ine
rega
rdin
g th
e am
ount
he
rece
ived
for T
he
Fel
low
ship
of t
he R
ing.
w
ww
.The
Hob
bitB
log.
com
h
ttp://
tbhl
.theo
nerin
g.ne
t
Win
ter 2
007
page
5
wor
ks to
rest
ore
“lite
rary
com
pete
nce”
to th
e m
oder
n re
ader
of
med
ieva
l ro
man
ce,
to
help
us
re
ad
thes
e w
orks
w
ith
an
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
so
me
of
the
assu
mpt
ions
an
d co
mm
on
know
ledg
e th
at m
edie
val
and
early
mod
ern
read
ers
had.
Sh
e do
es a
n ex
celle
nt jo
b an
d I c
an s
ee m
ysel
f re-
read
ing
this
boo
k ev
ery
few
yea
rs a
s I
try t
o di
gest
med
ieva
l an
d ea
rly m
oder
n w
riter
s. R om
ance
is h
ard
to d
efin
e pr
ecis
ely
and
Coo
per h
as
a ni
ce d
iscu
ssio
n of
som
e of
the
pro
blem
s in
ar
ticul
atin
g a
defin
ition
. Sh
e ev
entu
ally
con
clud
es
that
rea
ders
of
rom
ance
s kn
ew w
hat t
hey
are
and
coul
d ea
sily
rec
ogni
ze t
hem
bec
ause
of
thei
r co
mm
on m
otifs
. Sh
e dr
aws
an a
nalo
gy w
ith f
amily
res
embl
ance
s; t
here
are
m
any
sim
ilarit
ies
in a
ppea
ranc
e of
ind
ivid
ual
mem
bers
of
a fa
mily
, as
wel
l as
man
y di
ffer
ence
s. T
here
is u
sual
ly n
o si
ngle
fe
atur
e th
at is
iden
tical
and
est
ablis
hes
fam
ily re
sem
blan
ce, b
ut
a va
ryin
g gr
oup
of o
verla
ppin
g si
mila
ritie
s. “
The
rom
ance
ge
nre
– an
y ge
nre,
inde
ed –
is b
est t
houg
ht o
f as
a lin
eage
or a
fa
mily
of t
exts
, rat
her t
han
as a
ser
ies
of in
carn
atio
ns o
r clo
nes
of a
sin
gle
Plat
onic
Ide
a”3
Rom
ance
is
a ge
nre
that
rea
ders
re
cogn
ize
by t
he p
lot
and
subj
ect
mat
ter.
Writ
ers
prod
uce
rom
ance
by
inte
ract
ing
with
prio
r w
orks
in th
e ge
nre.
So
if a
w
ork
has
a qu
est,
a tru
e lo
ve, a
true
kin
g to
be
rest
ored
, and
a
happ
y en
ding
it is
cle
arly
a r
oman
ce.
It is
impo
rtant
to n
ote,
ho
wev
er, t
hat a
ny (o
r man
y) o
f the
mot
ifs c
omm
on to
rom
ance
ca
n be
abs
ent o
r con
trave
ned
in th
e st
ory
and
the
wor
k re
mai
ns
solid
ly i
n ro
man
ce t
errit
ory.
C
oope
r, al
thou
gh s
he l
imits
her
de
taile
d di
scus
sion
to
wor
ks p
rior
to t
he M
id-S
even
teen
th
Cen
tury
, doe
s hav
e a
num
ber o
f thi
ngs t
o sa
y ab
out T
olki
en a
nd
the
mod
ern
desc
enda
nts
of th
e m
edie
val r
oman
ce, F
anta
sy a
nd
Scie
nce
Fict
ion.
Tho
se a
re w
hat I
will
con
cent
rate
on
here
, but
I’
ll re
itera
te h
ere
that
I w
ould
who
lehe
arte
dly
reco
mm
end
this
bo
ok t
o an
yone
who
wan
ts t
o ge
t a
gras
p of
the
pop
ular
and
fa
ntas
tic li
tera
ture
of t
he M
iddl
e A
ges.
She
portr
ays
Tolk
ien
and
C.
S. L
ewis
as
the
brid
ge
3. C
oope
r, p.
8
page
6
Min
as T
irith
Eve
ning
-Sta
r
betw
een
mod
ern
fant
asy
and
the
rom
ance
s so
com
mon
up
thro
ugh
the
Seve
ntee
nth
Cen
tury
. R
oman
ce fa
ded
sign
ifica
ntly
in
the
Eigh
teen
th a
nd N
inet
eent
h C
entu
ries,
until
the
genr
e w
as
revi
ved
by T
olki
en a
nd L
ewis
. B
oth
wer
e sc
hola
rs o
f rom
ance
an
d to
ok r
oman
ce s
erio
usly
, re
cogn
izin
g th
at,
for
over
600
ye
ars,
rom
ance
was
the
veh
icle
tha
t au
thor
s us
ed t
o di
scus
s cr
itica
l m
oral
and
soc
ial
issu
es.
Tol
kien
did
the
sam
e –
addr
essi
ng i
n st
ory
high
ly u
nfas
hion
able
top
ics
such
as
duty
, ho
nor,
war
time
sacr
ifice
, and
ser
vice
to o
ther
s. T
his
stru
ck a
st
rong
cho
rd i
n re
ader
s of
the
las
t ha
lf of
the
Tw
entie
th
Cen
tury
, but
ear
ly T
olki
en c
ritic
s m
isse
d th
e po
int
and
didn
’t se
e th
e se
rious
ness
of h
is li
tera
ture
.4 Rom
ance
was
not
sim
ple
esca
pist
lite
ratu
re a
nd, a
s we
know
wel
l, ne
ither
is T
olki
en’s
(or
Lew
is’)
writ
ing.
On
an in
tere
stin
g si
de n
ote,
Coo
per p
oint
s ou
t th
at
the
mos
t fa
ntas
tic
of
rom
ance
s w
ere
still
st
rong
ly
conn
ecte
d to
the
real
wor
ld.
If a
kni
ght t
rave
ls in
the
real
m o
f Fa
ërie
, he
even
tual
ly c
omes
hom
e ha
ving
lea
rned
a l
esso
n or
pr
oved
his
wor
th.
He
retu
rns
to th
e kn
own
wor
ld to
repo
rt hi
s ex
perie
nces
, gi
ving
the
aut
hor
and
read
ers
a ch
ance
to
talk
ab
out
wha
t th
ey m
ean.
H
ere
is o
ne a
rea
whe
re F
anta
sy a
nd
Scie
nce
Fict
ion,
w
ith
thei
r ot
herw
orld
ly
setti
ngs,
may
be
di
verg
ing
sign
ifica
ntly
from
rom
ance
. Q
uest
ing
is h
ugel
y im
porta
nt i
n bo
th T
olki
en a
nd i
n ro
man
ce.
Ther
e ar
e m
any,
man
y va
riant
s on
the
ques
t and
, lik
e m
edie
val a
utho
rs o
f rom
ance
, and
Tol
kien
pla
ys w
ith v
aria
tions
on
the
que
st m
otif.
Fr
odo
and
the
fello
wsh
ip a
re q
uest
ing
to
disp
ose
of s
omet
hing
, no
t fin
d it.
To
lkie
n al
so a
dopt
s an
im
porta
nt f
eatu
re o
f m
edie
val
Arth
uria
n ro
man
ces,
inte
rlace
. A
s ch
arac
ters
mul
tiplie
d in
the
que
stin
g kn
ight
tal
es,
thei
r st
orie
s be
gan
to b
e to
ld s
imul
tane
ousl
y w
ith t
he n
arra
tive
mov
ing
back
and
forth
bet
wee
n di
ffer
ent c
hara
cter
s. T
he L
ord
of t
he R
ings
fits
ver
y co
mfo
rtabl
y in
the
int
erla
ced
fram
e.
Que
stin
g w
estw
ard
is
also
a
stro
ng
them
e in
m
edie
val
rom
ance
s, w
here
the
wes
tern
oce
an h
eld
isla
nds
of w
onde
rs.
One
exa
mpl
e is
the
voy
age
of B
rend
an,
who
was
gui
ded
by
4. A
s dis
cuss
ed b
y To
m S
hipp
ey in
the
afte
rwor
d to
J. R
. R. T
olki
en
Aut
hor o
f the
Cen
tury
.
Win
ter 2
007
page
19
his n
eck,
and
cry
ing,
flun
g it
ther
e to
val
iant
Rúm
il (h
e fo
r w
hom
it w
as p
erm
itted
to h
ave
a na
me
whi
ch h
onor
ed o
f the
ba
rd o
f Val
inor
). C
ried
Dio
r: “T
ake,
Rúm
il! F
etch
Elw
ing
and
go to
Cird
an.
Kee
p sa
fe th
e br
ide
pric
e of
my
mot
her f
air!
Let
it
not o
ff th
y pe
rson
!!”
And
the
valia
nt R
úmil
flew
. H
e fle
d do
wn
the
pass
age
twis
ting,
wen
t thr
ough
the
laby
rinth
to fi
nd
the
secr
et g
ate.
B
ut i
t ha
ppen
ed t
hat
Fean
or's
sons
did
ove
rtake
the
R
oyal
s, a
nd f
ound
the
nob
les
hast
enin
g th
ither
with
the
ir sp
ouse
s. A
nd t
hey
pray
ed t
he c
hild
ren
in n
urse
ries
got
them
sa
fely
out
with
gua
rds.
Shr
ieke
d an
d sc
ream
ed th
e fo
lk, c
ried
the
sons
of
Fean
or, a
nd h
orse
s’ n
eigh
ing
fille
d th
e ha
lls.
For
thes
e ba
ttler
s he
wed
fro
m s
teed
s; t
hey
stru
ck t
he h
elpl
ess
with
out
mai
l. A
nd t
he g
uard
s an
d w
arrio
rs o
f th
e K
ingd
om
foug
ht th
em in
the
pass
ages
of M
eneg
roth
, mar
ring
all t
he w
alls
w
ith b
lood
. Y
et D
ior,
sing
ing,
fou
ght b
efor
e hi
s da
me
with
sw
ord.
Sa
ng H
e: Sh
e le
t her
flyi
ng ra
imen
t sw
eep
enm
eshe
d w
ith w
oven
spel
ls o
f sle
ep
as ro
und
the
dark
voi
d sh
e ra
nged
and
reel
ed.
From
wal
l to
wal
l she
turn
ed a
nd w
heel
ed.
[L 3
01]
[S]o
bef
ell t
he se
cond
slay
ing
of E
lf by
Elf.
Th
ere
fell
Cel
egor
m b
y D
ior's
han
d.
and
ther
e fe
ll C
uruf
in,
and
dark
Car
anth
ir; b
ut D
ior
was
sla
in
also
, and
Nim
loth
his
wife
, and
the
crue
l ser
vant
s of
Cel
egor
m s
eize
d hi
s yo
ung
sons
and
lef
t th
em t
o st
arve
in
the
fore
st.
Of
this
Mae
dhro
s in
deed
re
pent
ed, a
nd s
ough
t for
them
long
in th
e w
oods
of
Dor
iath
; bu
t hi
s se
arch
was
una
vaili
ng, a
nd o
f th
e fa
te o
f Elu
red
and
Elur
in n
o ta
le te
lls.
Thus
was
Dor
iath
des
troye
d, a
nd n
ever
ro
se a
gain
. B
ut th
e so
ns o
f Fea
nor g
aine
d no
t wha
t th
ey s
ough
t; fo
r a re
mna
nt o
f the
peo
ple
fled
befo
re
them
, and
with
them
was
Elw
ing
Dio
r's d
augh
ter,
and
they
esc
aped
, an
d be
arin
g w
ith t
hem
the
Silm
aril
they
cam
e in
tim
e to
the
mou
ths
of th
e R
iver
Siri
on
by th
e se
a. [S
236
-7]
page
18
Min
as T
irith
Eve
ning
-Sta
r
upon
the
side
s of
Tha
ngor
odrim
. So
me
days
he
felt
ther
e hi
s ha
nd s
till;
and
the
agon
y of
Fin
gon
cutti
ng f
or t
o sa
ve h
im.
Mig
hty
Mae
dhro
s, w
hose
hai
r be
shot
with
gra
y, s
et fa
ggot
s on
th
e fir
e. H
e w
as th
ousa
nds
old
as if
they
had
bee
n co
unte
d by
th
e Su
n.
He
had
stat
ure
som
e sl
ight
er t
han
a m
an's,
yet
was
ta
ll. H
e lo
oked
as
wou
ld a
man
of m
ayha
p fo
rty w
inte
rs.
And
gr
aven
was
his
face
with
sor
row
s, su
ffer
ings
, of t
he y
ears
. A
nd
his o
ath,
it w
eigh
ed o
n hi
m.
Then
, as
fires
rose
in th
e ha
ll (a
nd s
mok
e di
d is
sue
out
the
hole
abo
ve),
Mae
dhro
s lo
oked
in th
e bl
aze.
. .
and
saw
the
swan
shi
ps b
urni
ng.
He
saw
thei
r tim
bers
cra
ckin
g, li
cked
with
fla
me.
A
nd h
is f
athe
r do
wn
ther
e la
ughi
ng.
Mae
dhro
s in
sh
ame
and
drea
d di
d w
onde
r on
him
thin
king
, 0 w
hy m
ust w
e ou
r frie
nds d
eser
t? W
hy le
ave
on fa
rther
shor
e th
ose
who
stoo
d by
us?
And
Fea
nor k
new
his
thou
ghts
and
laug
hed.
N
ow M
aedh
ros
starin
g in
the
fla
mes
tho
ught
, W
hy?
W
hy p
assio
n an
d su
ch g
rief a
s we
here
kno
w?
Pas
sion
s suc
h do
ha
rm u
s. 0
, my
brot
hers
, o.
But
he
wai
ted
in th
e ha
ll, u
pon
the
Lone
ly H
ill, f
or h
is
brot
hers
to a
ppea
r. N ow
, in
havi
ng u
pstre
am f
orde
d th
e El
ven
Riv
er,
the
thun
derin
g ho
rses
of
Fean
or’s
son
s do
cro
ss
the
ston
e gr
eat b
ridge
. A
nd th
eir
serv
ants
clim
b th
e do
ors t
o br
eak
apar
t the
latti
ce (t
hrou
gh w
hich
ni
ghtin
gale
s of
Mel
ian
had
upon
a ti
me
ente
red
in a
nd o
ut th
e ha
lls o
f Thi
ngol
). A
nd n
ow th
e ba
ttler
s sw
arm
the
trans
om a
nd
do e
nter
in to
figh
t. A
nd, w
ithin
, the
y op
en u
p th
e po
rtals
. A
nd
ente
r al
l th
e ho
st u
pon
thei
r m
ount
s, a
nd c
latte
r do
wn
fair
pass
ages
(w
hich
gle
amed
with
inl
aid
met
als
and
cut
prec
ious
st
ones
). A
nd th
e ru
shes
bla
zing
on
the
wal
ls d
o fli
cker
in th
eir
pass
ing.
Th
e hu
e an
d cr
y de
scen
d, s
o th
at w
ith h
aste
the
folk
do
gird
for
war
with
in.
And
oth
ers
see
to l
ittle
one
s, if
they
m
ight
per
chan
ce to
save
them
. A
nd it
hap
pene
d th
at D
ior E
luch
il an
d N
imlo
th th
e be
aute
ous
hast
ened
tow
ard
pass
ages
from
thro
nes w
here
on th
ey g
over
ned.
A
nd th
e Si
lmar
il di
d co
olly
shin
e fro
m th
e br
east
of B
eren
's so
n,
as D
ior y
et ra
n. A
nd h
e to
ok th
e N
augl
amir
with
has
te fr
om o
ff
Win
ter 2
007
page
7
God
to
a la
nd f
ull
of m
arve
ls,
and
then
ord
ered
to
retu
rn t
o Ir
elan
d af
ter o
nly
a fe
w d
ays i
n th
is p
arad
ise.
The
isla
nds t
o th
e w
est a
re m
agic
al a
nd h
oly,
if th
ey c
an b
e fo
und.
I
had
neve
r re
aliz
ed th
at th
ere
was
suc
h a
larg
e lit
erat
ure
on w
ande
rers
at
sea
and
the
prov
iden
tial
assi
stan
ce o
f G
od.
Cle
arly
the
re a
re
broa
d pa
ralle
ls i
n To
lkie
n’s
wor
k.5
The
echo
of
Chr
istia
n re
surr
ectio
n th
at s
ome
read
ers
see
in t
he t
rave
l to
Tol
kien
’s
Wes
tern
Isl
es h
as p
rece
dent
in
med
ieva
l ro
man
ce a
nd i
n Sh
akes
pear
e’s T
he T
empe
st.
A no
ther
sur
pris
e w
as th
at m
agic
is r
elat
ivel
y ra
re in
m
edie
val
rom
ance
. M
agic
is
ofte
n a
kind
of
embe
llish
men
t or
deco
rativ
e th
emat
ic m
ater
ial,
but
it do
es n
ot p
lay
a si
gnifi
cant
rol
e in
the
plot
or
the
solu
tion
to t
he p
robl
em.
In
mos
t ro
man
ces
it is
the
her
o or
he
roin
e w
ho m
akes
dec
isio
ns a
nd f
ollo
ws
thro
ugh
with
act
ion
that
lea
ds t
o th
e so
lutio
n.
I w
ould
arg
ue t
hat
this
is
also
the
ca
se f
or T
olki
en’s
wor
k.
Mag
ic i
s pr
esen
t, bu
t pe
riphe
ral
- es
peci
ally
in
The
Lord
of
the
Rin
gs,
whe
re a
lmos
t al
l th
e m
agic
al it
ems
coul
d be
don
e w
ithou
t. T
he R
ing
is im
porta
nt a
s a
plot
dev
ice,
of
cour
se, b
ut i
t is
not
to
be u
sed
by t
he g
ood
char
acte
rs.
Wha
t el
se i
s th
ere?
Pa
lant
iri,
lem
bas,
the
elvi
sh
cloa
ks, G
anda
lf’s
mag
ic fl
ashl
ight
, the
oth
er ri
ngs,
the
crea
tion
of o
rcs
as a
rac
e.
Thes
e ar
e us
eful
, yes
, but
rea
lly r
elat
ivel
y m
argi
nal t
o th
e co
re o
f the
plo
t, in
whi
ch m
en, h
obbi
ts a
nd th
e ot
her f
ree
peop
les j
oin
toge
ther
in a
mor
al a
nd m
ilita
ry st
rugg
le.
It is
dec
isio
n an
d ac
tion
that
res
olve
the
prob
lem
. In
this
way
th
e w
orks
are
ver
y si
mila
r to
med
ieva
l rom
ance
. To
lkie
n’s
treat
men
t of
wom
en h
as r
ecei
ved
a lo
t of
at
tent
ion.
Th
ere
are
man
y pa
ralle
ls b
etw
een
his
wom
en a
nd
thos
e of
med
ieva
l ro
man
ce.
Coo
per
note
s th
at,
espe
cial
ly i
n En
glis
h ro
man
ce, t
here
is v
ery
little
sex
in s
torie
s of
rom
antic
lo
ve.
Mos
t rom
ance
s re
quire
d fa
ithfu
lnes
s on
the
part
of b
oth
5. C
oope
r not
es th
at L
ewis
’ Voy
age
of th
e D
awn
Trea
der h
as st
rong
pa
ralle
ls w
ith a
num
ber o
f ear
ly m
edie
val w
orks
whe
re th
e se
a vo
yage
w
as to
exp
erie
nce
won
ders
, not
for p
erso
nal o
r im
peria
l gai
n. A
s tim
e w
ent o
n th
e fo
cus o
f the
wes
tern
sea
ques
t cha
nged
, loo
king
mor
e lik
e im
peria
l exp
ansi
on in
Eliz
abet
han
times
.
page
8
Min
as T
irith
Eve
ning
-Sta
r
mal
e an
d fe
mal
e pr
otag
onis
ts.
Con
tinen
tal
rom
ance
s w
ere
mor
e to
lera
nt o
f ad
ulte
ry, b
ut in
Eng
lish
text
s pr
e-m
arita
l se
x w
as u
sual
ly j
ust
that
, pr
e-m
arita
l. T
olki
en i
s tru
e to
for
m i
n le
avin
g se
x ou
t of h
is te
xt.
Rom
ance
lean
s hea
vily
on
true
love
, su
rviv
ing
test
s of
loya
lty, t
o be
eve
ntua
lly r
ealiz
ed in
the
end.
Th
e w
omen
of
rom
ance
did
not
just
sit
pass
ivel
y an
d pi
ne f
or
thei
r kn
ight
, how
ever
- th
ey to
ok a
ctio
n, o
ften
as a
par
t of
an
inte
rlace
d pl
ot.
The
trian
gle
of A
rago
rn, A
rwen
, and
Eow
yn fi
t a
little
unc
omfo
rtabl
y in
to th
is p
atte
rn, b
ut s
ome
of th
e th
emes
of
rom
ance
can
be
seen
: loy
alty
to a
nd s
acrif
ice
for
true
love
, th
e te
stin
g of
the
man
, wai
ting
for o
ne to
pro
ve w
orth
ines
s, an
d a
wom
an d
isgu
ised
as a
war
rior i
n ba
ttle.
F ai
ry l
and,
Faë
rie, i
s se
t ap
art
from
our
wor
ld a
nd
the
bord
er b
etw
een
the
two
is h
azar
dous
. T
he
natu
re o
f fai
ries
and
thei
r wor
ld is
a to
pic
of m
uch
disc
ussi
on i
n ro
man
ce.
In
som
e te
xts
elve
s an
d fa
iries
wer
e a
four
th o
rder
of
bein
gs, n
ot a
ngel
ic, o
r de
mon
ic
(i.e.
falle
n an
gels
) and
not
hum
an.
They
inha
bite
d a
fifth
pla
ce,
not h
eave
n, h
ell,
purg
ator
y or
our
ear
th.
They
als
o se
em to
sit
outs
ide
Chr
istia
n th
eolo
gy.
This
set
-apa
rt w
orld
for
imm
orta
l be
ings
has
obv
ious
par
alle
ls in
Tol
kien
’s le
gend
ariu
m.
Ano
ther
rom
ance
fea
ture
tha
t To
lkie
n in
corp
orat
es i
s th
e qu
est f
or th
e tru
e ki
ng.
Rom
ance
alm
ost a
lway
s su
bscr
ibed
to
the
notio
n th
at th
ere
is o
ne tr
ue h
eir
to th
e ol
d ki
ng.6
The
legi
timac
y of
the
true
heir
is e
ndor
sed
by G
od.
In ro
man
ce th
is
mos
t ofte
n be
cam
e a
plot
ele
men
t whe
n th
e cr
own
was
unj
ustly
se
ized
or t
here
was
con
tent
ion
for t
he th
rone
. In
that
cas
e on
e ha
d on
ly to
find
and
brin
g th
e tru
e he
ir ba
ck fr
om e
xile
; a s
ign
from
God
will
pro
ve w
ho i
s to
be
king
. I
n th
ese
stor
ies
the
chal
leng
e is
fin
ding
the
cha
ract
er o
r ge
tting
him
bac
k to
the
ki
ngdo
m.
In
The
Lord
of
the
Rin
gs,
the
true
king
is
also
hi
dden
and
ther
e is
con
tent
ion
for
the
thro
ne.
Thro
ugh
hero
ic
deed
s th
e rig
htfu
l ki
ng i
s m
ade
obvi
ous.
Lin
eage
and
wor
th
wer
e he
ld se
cret
, but
nev
er re
ally
in q
uest
ion.
6. O
ne e
xcep
tion
was
in E
lizab
etha
n En
glan
d, w
here
this
mot
if fa
ded
due
to th
e ve
ry q
uest
iona
ble
legi
timac
y of
the
Tudo
r cla
im to
the
thro
ne.
Win
ter 2
007
page
17
the
door
and
look
ed o
ut f
or G
reen
Elf,
but
he
was
gon
e.
Said
he
to B
ar, “
May
thou
retu
rn n
ow to
thy
post
, with
than
ks.”
And
he
shut
the
door
. In
to t
he b
edch
ambe
r w
ent
he,
whe
rein
Nim
loth
lay
dr
eam
ing.
H
e lo
oked
on
her
but
a m
omen
t, as
she
lay
in
beau
ty.
But
he
took
him
to th
e he
arth
side
sto
ol, y
et h
oldi
ng th
e ca
sket
. A
nd h
e st
udie
d th
e bo
x:
’Tw
as b
ound
with
tw
igs,
livin
g tw
igs;
and
livi
ng le
aves
did
gro
w th
ere.
’Tw
as o
f api
ece
with
thin
gs G
reen
Elv
en, a
nd D
ior
knew
the
wor
k. H
e w
aite
d bu
t a m
omen
t, in
rev
eren
ce, t
o op
en it
. H
e to
ok h
old
then
of
the
twig
s w
hich
sta
yed,
and
lifte
d up
the
clas
p, c
atch
ing
of h
is
brea
th a
s th
e co
ffer
ope
ned.
Fo
rth c
ame
radi
ance
! S
pilli
ng in
th
e ro
om. And
the
drea
m o
f Nim
loth
wen
t to
Am
an; a
nd s
he s
tood
ga
zing
upo
n w
hich
she
neve
r gaz
ed: u
p, u
pon
Two
Tree
s. B
ut i
n th
at c
offe
r la
y th
e ne
ckla
ce o
f th
e D
war
ves,
whe
rein
was
set
the
Silm
arils
; an
d D
ior
look
ing
upon
it
knew
it
for
a si
gn t
hat
Ber
en
Erch
amio
n an
d Lu
thie
n Ti
nuvi
el h
ad d
ied
inde
ed,
and
gone
whe
re g
o th
e ra
ce o
f Men
to a
fate
bey
ond
the
wor
ld. Lo
ng d
id D
ior
gaze
upo
n th
e Si
lmar
il,
whi
ch h
is f
athe
r an
d m
othe
r ha
d br
ough
t be
yond
ho
pe o
ut o
f the
terr
or o
f Mor
goth
; and
his
grie
f was
gr
eat t
hat d
eath
had
com
e up
on th
em s
o so
on.
But
the
wise
hav
e sa
id t
hat
the
Silm
aril
hast
ened
the
ir en
d; f
or t
he f
lam
e of
the
bea
uty
of L
uthi
en a
s sh
e w
ore
it w
as to
o br
ight
for m
orta
l lan
ds.
Then
Dio
r ar
ose,
and
abo
ut h
is n
eck
he
clas
ped
the
Nau
glam
ir; a
nd n
ow h
e ap
pear
ed a
s th
e fa
irest
of
all
the
child
ren
of t
he w
orld
, a t
hree
fold
ra
ce:
of t
he E
dain
, an
d of
the
Eld
ar,
and
of t
he
Mai
ar o
f the
Ble
ssed
Rea
lm.
[S 2
36]
T w
as n
ow f
ull w
inte
r, an
d in
one
rud
e ha
ll of
sto
ne
upon
Am
on E
reb.
With
in s
tood
Mae
dhro
s, a
mig
hty
Elf
and
dark
, the
eld
est
of F
eano
r. H
e fe
d th
e fir
e w
here
it b
laze
d in
the
mid
st o
f th
is c
old
ston
e ha
ll.
Pow
erfu
l his
sho
ulde
rs, a
rms,
yet o
ne a
rm w
as m
ight
y m
ore,
by
reas
on o
f its
han
d. H
e ha
d bu
t the
one
han
d, h
avin
g lo
st t’
othe
r
page
16
Min
as T
irith
Eve
ning
-Sta
r
And
he
look
ed l
ong
on g
reat
sha
dow
ed p
orta
ls w
here
in o
nce
the
outla
w B
eren
ent
ered
. Th
at o
ne h
ad a
sked
for
Lut
hien
, to
have
her
for h
is m
arria
ge.
Now
, so
thin
king
, wat
ched
this
rain
y El
f. A
nd h
e he
ld h
idde
n in
his
bre
ast a
cur
ious
sm
all c
aske
t.
He
finge
red
of it
s liv
ing
leav
es a
nd tw
igs
with
his
han
d.
Yet
no
w, h
e ad
vanc
ed to
the
door
. In
his
cha
mbe
r th
ere
with
in t
he T
hous
and
Cav
es,
sat
Dio
r El
uchi
l. A
nd d
ream
ing
Nim
loth
lay
upo
n hi
s be
d (a
s th
ough
a b
loss
om w
hite
with
in t
he s
hado
ws
of t
he c
urta
ins)
. Q
uite
stil
l sa
t th
e Lo
rd o
f D
oria
th,
wai
ting
for
he k
new
not
w
hat.
He
sat
wat
chin
g th
ose
flick
erin
gs o
f th
e fir
elig
ht f
rom
th
e he
arth
of
mor
tare
d st
one.
H
e ha
d sa
t ju
st s
o fo
r m
any
nigh
ts, w
aitin
g fo
r he
knew
not
wha
t. A
t la
st t
hen
cam
e th
at g
entle
kno
ckin
g, s
igni
fyin
g so
meo
ne w
ho k
new
the
hour
and
was
loat
h to
dist
urb
his
lord
. W
ent
now
thi
s so
n of
Ber
en t
o th
e ou
ter
cham
ber.
He
was
ca
refu
l the
n to
clo
se th
e do
or b
etw
een,
lest
Nim
loth
sho
uld
be
disc
ompo
sed.
And
Dio
r Ara
nel w
as n
ow w
ithin
the
oute
r doo
r. So
he
open
ed.
The
re b
owed
one
who
sto
od b
y a
man
tled
Elf,
and
drip
ping
. “
Pard
on m
e th
is l
ate
intru
sion
, lo
rd,”
sai
d th
e es
quire
. “Y
et h
ere
is o
ne, a
lord
of
Gre
en, w
ho
wish
es s
peec
h w
ith th
ee.
He
desir
ed n
ot a
cha
mbe
r w
arm
, nor
ga
rmen
ts dr
y, s
uch
as w
e w
ould
giv
e, if
he
but s
o w
illed
. A
nd
he w
ould
not
.”
Said
Dio
r, “
’Tw
ill d
o th
en,
Bar
. T
hou
may
sta
y w
ithou
t the
doo
r, as
we
can
yet h
ave
need
of t
hee.
” Th
en B
ar b
owed
, and
ste
pped
aw
ay.
Cam
e th
e G
reen
El
f in
the
door
, whi
ch th
en D
ior s
hut.
He
look
ed n
ow u
pon
the
mes
seng
er,
and
knew
him
. S
aid
Ara
nel
to h
im,
“You
com
e fr
om a
far,
Lor
d B
arad
. A
nd I
hav
e b
een
a’w
aitin
g.
Som
ethi
ng’s
doi
ng; I
can
not s
ay w
hat.”
N
ow s
wift
ly a
nd i
n si
lenc
e th
at o
ne d
rew
the
cas
ket
forth
from
his
bos
om.
Sayi
ng n
augh
t, he
gav
e it
into
the
hand
s of
Elu
chil.
Y
et, a
gain
in s
ilenc
e, b
owed
that
one
and
left
the
cham
ber
(leav
ing
naug
ht to
sho
w h
e ha
d be
en, s
ave
the
cask
et
in D
ior’
s han
ds, a
nd a
poo
l upo
n th
e fla
gs).
The
lord
sto
od b
ut a
mom
ent l
ooki
ng o
n th
e po
ol a
nd
puzz
ling,
the
cask
et k
nobb
y in
his
han
ds.
Now
he
open
ed u
p
Win
ter 2
007
page
9
Shire
talk
An A
mer
ican
Tolk
ien
Socie
ty L
etter
Colu
mn
I’m
afr
aid
this
surv
ey h
as d
evol
ved
into
a si
mpl
e lis
ting
of p
aral
lels
. G
iven
the
spac
e he
re th
ere
isn’
t the
opp
ortu
nity
to
be m
ore
expa
nsiv
e.
But
I w
ill e
ncou
rage
you
to
do s
ome
expl
orin
g yo
urse
lf.
C
oope
r’s
book
is
a
trem
endo
us
intro
duct
ion
and
deta
iled
surv
ey o
f rom
ance
mot
ifs.
Whi
le s
he
does
n’t
talk
abo
ut T
olki
en v
ery
muc
h, h
er d
etai
led
traci
ng o
f m
otifs
and
the
ir tre
atm
ent
unde
r va
rious
aut
hors
giv
es u
s a
glim
pse
of a
wor
ld th
at T
olki
en k
new
intim
atel
y. R
eadi
ng o
ne
of t
he c
hapt
ers,
and
thin
king
abo
ut t
he p
aral
lels
in
Tolk
ien’
s M
iddl
e-ea
rth l
eads
to
spec
ulat
ion
on h
ow T
olki
en v
iew
ed t
he
impo
rtant
soc
ial
issu
es d
iscu
ssed
in
rom
ance
. H
ow d
oes
Tolk
ien
com
men
t on
thes
e sa
me
issu
es in
the
plot
of T
he L
ord
of th
e R
ings
? T
his
is a
n op
portu
nity
to li
sten
in o
n To
lkie
n’s
dial
ogue
with
the
liter
atur
e of
the
Mid
dle
Age
s. Th
is c
olum
n co
nclu
des
the
six-
part
ser
ies
Dr.
Det
tman
or
igin
ally
agr
eed
to
prov
ide.
Th
e co
lum
n w
ill g
o on
hia
tus,
and
may
ret
urn
on a
n ir
regu
lar
basi
s. M
eanw
hile
, if
you’
ve
mis
sed
any
inst
allm
ents
, al
l ar
e av
aila
ble
onlin
e at
w
ww
.am
eric
anto
lkie
nsoc
iety
.org
I rec
eive
d th
e Su
mm
er-A
utum
n is
sue
of M
inas
Tir
ith
Eve
ning
-Sta
r and
enj
oyed
it, e
spec
ially
the
poem
“Fr
odo’
s D
eliri
um”
by S
arah
Dec
kard
. Sh
e re
ally
wro
te a
wel
l-cra
fted,
rh
ymed
poe
m.
The
first
line
of m
y po
em sh
ould
read
“W
ield
ing
a m
ight
y ax
e,”
not “
Wie
ldin
g a
mig
ht a
xe.”
- M
atth
ew A
nish
Br
ookl
yn N
Y
page
10
Min
as T
irith
Eve
ning
-Sta
r
In th
e H
all o
f Fire
An
Am
erica
n T
olkien
™ S
ociet
y
Poetr
y Fe
atur
e
Thr
ough
Fire
and
Fla
me
I h
ave
falle
n Th
roug
h Fi
re
and
flam
e.
Dow
n to
the
abys
s O
f dar
knes
s, B
ut b
y no
des
ign
of m
ine.
I f
ough
t val
iant
ly,
Aga
inst
foul
C
reat
ure
of sh
eer d
arkn
ess.
It to
ok m
e do
wn,
A
s the
brid
ge b
roke
fr
om b
enea
th m
e.
I fel
l with
it,
Figh
ting
still
, I r
efus
e to
rele
nt.
It w
ill n
ot a
vail
me!
Win
ter 2
007
page
15
Dior
Rec
eives
th
e Silm
aril
Su
san
Dor
man
T w
as a
nig
ht o
f aut
umn,
full
of fa
lling
leav
es a
nd ra
in;
in D
oria
th.
Yet
now
, sin
ce t
he s
layi
ng o
f he
r lo
rd
and
Mel
ian'
s de
partu
re, ’
twas
no
mor
e th
at L
and
of
the
Fenc
e en
chan
ted.
Th
is l
and
was
cha
nged
and
m
ade
to d
win
dle.
And
Mab
lung
, too
, had
die
d in
def
endi
ng th
e ho
ly g
ems
whi
le f
ight
ing
Dw
arve
s in
dee
p M
eneg
roth
, whi
ch
said
Dw
arve
s th
en b
ore
away
. (I
s no
t all
this
tol
d in
Ber
en's
stor
y, a
nd, t
oo, o
f ho
w h
e sl
ew th
e N
augr
im to
gai
n ag
ain
the
Silm
aril?
) Th
us n
ow w
as D
ior E
luch
il, m
eani
ng T
hing
ol's
heir
(who
was
son
of L
uthi
en th
e fa
ir), s
eate
d on
its t
hron
e. T
hus h
e ru
led
in D
oria
th w
ith N
imlo
th, a
prin
cess
of
the
Sind
ar.
And
El
win
g w
as th
eir d
augh
ter.
Now
upo
n th
is n
ight
, with
out
the
Thou
sand
Cav
es, i
t ra
ined
; it r
aine
d. A
nd th
e le
aves
of g
reat
Hiri
lorn
now
ran
with
ra
in, i
n w
hose
bou
ghs
once
dw
elt T
hing
ol's
daug
hter
. R
ain
fell
in r
unni
ng E
sgau
ldui
n, w
here
onc
e D
aero
n, a
nger
ed,
left
his
little
boa
t ben
eath
the
brid
ge.
Rai
n sh
one
in la
mp-
lit p
uddl
es
ther
e up
on t
he b
ridge
and
upo
n th
e ea
ves
of s
tone
on
high
; po
urin
g, p
ourin
g do
wn
the
slat
es.
Thro
ugh
the
se c
old
rai
ns c
ame
one
Elf,
nei
ther
w
eath
ered
nor
way
wor
n (b
eing
lon
g us
ed t
o ra
in a
nd t
rave
l).
He
glis
tene
d w
ith th
e fa
lling
rain
s, as
one
who
dw
elt o
utdo
ors.
E’
en s
o, h
e w
as w
ith q
uive
r, ar
row
s, co
vere
d in
sof
t rai
men
t; a
man
tle b
row
n an
d gr
een.
And
he
felt
the
rain
eve
n th
roug
h hi
s ve
stur
e, a
nd w
as n
ot d
isco
urag
ed.
He
stoo
d up
on s
aid
brid
ge o
f st
one
in p
ools
of
wat
er.
page
14
Min
as T
irith
Eve
ning
-Sta
r
who
is d
isgu
ised
as
Ran
ger i
s per
fect
fo
r thi
s mis
sion
: he
does
not
trus
t hi
mse
lf.
Alth
ough
his
mar
ksm
ansh
ip
is u
nmat
ched
, Leg
olas
co
nced
es: F
rodo
is M
iddl
e-ea
rth’s
be
st sh
ot.
The
rest
kn
ow th
at th
ey c
an
chan
ge th
ings
at e
very
turn
, th
ings
cha
nge.
The
rest
kno
w th
at th
ey c
an
not r
est.
All
know
fr
iend
s sho
uld
liste
n,
and
talk
to e
ach
othe
r, ou
t lou
d, b
ecau
se th
e I c
an b
e de
ceiv
ed.
- Sha
wn
Bow
man
Dwi
mor
berg
Dee
p do
wn
in th
e ca
vern
s of
our
mou
ntai
nous
soul
s al
l men
hav
e ta
ken
an o
ath
to li
fe
- Sha
wn
Bow
man
Win
ter 2
007
page
11
I pos
sess
the
secr
et fi
re!
This
bea
st w
ill n
ever
win
. A
nd so
I sm
ote
it.
And
, now
I la
y. .
. Ex
haus
ted
and
so w
eary
. B
ut n
ow I
feel
my
Stre
ngth
retu
rn.
I’m
now
bei
ng re
fined
. Th
ere’
s mor
e to
do,
M
y ta
sk is
inco
mpl
ete.
- Jon
atho
n Sv
ends
on
Stor
y
Haw
ks ri
de th
e w
ind
abov
e th
e m
ount
ain
Muc
h as
the
eagl
es I
rem
embe
r who
rode
Th
e m
ist t
hat h
ung
to th
e lip
of A
utum
n B
ack
in th
e da
ys o
f the
Thi
rd A
ge.
Chi
ldre
n be
g m
e to
tell
the
stor
y so
on
Then
gat
her i
n ci
rcle
s of t
heir
own
mak
ing
Aro
und
the
appe
tizer
tale
s:
They
test
them
selv
es a
s sto
ryte
llers
W
ith g
uita
rs, f
lute
s, an
d ke
yboa
rds
For b
alla
ds a
bout
tree
s tha
t tal
k
Or s
ongs
in p
rais
e of
a h
earty
pin
t Te
ll us
the
stor
y no
w?
They
’ll h
ave
to w
ait u
ntil
othe
r C
once
rns a
re p
ut a
side
: Th
e di
shes
cle
aned
and
stac
ked
Floo
rs sw
ept,
fires
safe
page
12
Min
as T
irith
Eve
ning
-Sta
r
Then
it’ll
be
dow
n to
the
stat
ues a
t the
wel
l In
the
cent
er o
f tow
n W
here
one
and
all
wai
t, itc
hy a
nd a
nxio
us,
Tell
us th
e st
ory
now
, Gre
at-U
ncle
? H
ere
is h
ow th
e Ri
ng o
f Pow
er c
ame
At la
st to
Fro
do a
nd h
ow h
e an
d G
radf
athe
r Sam
H
ad a
gre
at a
dven
ture
bec
ause
of i
t Is
how
I’ll
begi
n an
d th
e lo
ng n
ight
W
ill ta
ke th
e sh
ape
of a
stor
y A
nd th
e ha
wks
will
atte
nd to
it a
s the
y hu
nt
Abo
ve th
e m
ists
that
han
g O
n th
e ve
ry li
p of
Aut
umn,
A
s in
thos
e da
ys a
t the
end
of t
he A
ge.
- Don
ald
LaB
ranc
he
Ren
uncia
tion
‘I pa
ss th
e te
st,’
she
said
, ‘I w
ill d
imin
ish,
an
d go
into
the
Wes
t, an
d re
mai
n G
alad
riel
.’
“Gal
adrie
l was
wro
ng.
Ren
unci
atio
n Is
not
the
way
to fu
ture
s we
can
bear
. Ex
pans
ion
and
dete
rmin
ed e
xplo
itatio
n A
re h
ow w
e sh
ow th
e st
ubbo
rn w
orld
we
care
. Th
e w
orld
just
doe
sn’t
care
. Y
ou h
ave
to st
are
It
dow
n, a
nd, i
f it s
tare
s bac
k, k
ick
its fa
ce.
If o
f the
se si
mpl
e tru
ths y
ou a
re a
war
e,
Ren
unci
atio
n fin
ds in
you
no
plac
e.
Onw
ard
to b
igge
r, be
tter t
hing
s you
race
. B
igge
r and
bet
ter y
et m
ust y
ou b
ecom
e.
Pret
ty so
on y
ou e
mbr
ace
the
endl
ess c
hase
A
nd se
e th
e lim
ited
as p
retty
dum
b.
Sure
, she
’d h
ave
ceas
ed to
be
Gal
adrie
l. B
ut is
n’t f
ixed
iden
tity
shee
r hel
l?”
- Tom
Rile
y
Win
ter 2
007
page
13
The
Dar
k Kin
g “A
ll bl
ades
per
ish
that
pie
rce
the
Dar
k K
ing.
”
Rin
gwra
ith -
Mor
gul L
ord
Vei
led
in sh
adow
R
idin
g on
a d
ark
blac
k st
eed
Pris
oner
of h
is o
wn
desi
re fo
r pow
er
He
has b
ecom
e a
slav
e of
Mor
dor
Onc
e pr
oud
lead
ers o
f mor
tal m
en
The
nine
ring
s dre
w th
em to
the
Nec
rom
ance
r N
ow th
ey m
ust d
o hi
s bid
ding
Th
e m
ost p
ower
ful o
f the
nin
e rid
es fo
rth
Seek
ing
the
One
W
hich
thei
r sha
dow
y m
aste
r is
sear
chin
g fo
r N
ine
wal
kers
sent
out
aga
inst
th
e N
ine
Rid
ers
The
lead
er o
f the
Dar
k R
ider
s is a
wra
ith tw
iste
d by
lu
st fo
r pow
er
The
nine
wal
kers
hav
e on
e w
ho re
sist
ed te
mpt
atio
n w
ho si
ll so
on b
e dr
esse
d in
whi
te
The
dark
ness
ver
sus t
he li
ght
Thus
it is
now
Th
us it
has
eve
r bee
n - M
atth
ew A
nish
The
Fell
owsh
ip
G
anda
lf kn
ows t
he p
ower
of
pow
er fo
r evi
l. Th
e go
od w
izar
d tru
sts a
ll to
a
hobb
it.
The
Kin
g