Journal of the American Tolkien · Bake in 400° F oven 30 minutes. Serve immediately with roast....
12
page 24 Minas Tirith Evening-Star Yule Dinner This issue, we’re considering recipes for Hobbitish favourites for Yule Dinner. Remember: Yule is a two day holiday falling between Foreyule 30 and Afteryule 1. (Hobbits are very sensible about their calendar!) However, Yuletide in full is six days long, beginning Foreyule 29 and continuing through Afteryule 2. There should be plenty of time for these and other recipes in a six-day holiday given over to feasting! Roast Beef with Shire Pudding Place four pound beef rib roast, fat side up, in a shallow roasting pan. Season with salt and pepper. Insert meat thermometer, avoiding bone. Roast, uncovered, in a 325° F oven about 2.5 hours or till meat thermometer registers 140° F for rare, three hours or 160° F for medium, and 3.25 hours or 170° F for well done. Remove meat to heated serving platter; keep warm. Reserve 0.25 cup drippings. Increase oven to 400° F. Combine four eggs, two cups milk, 2 cups flour and one teaspoon salt in a bowl (a mixer is handy for this). Beat for 1.5 minutes. Pour half of the reserved drippings into each of two 9 X 9 X 2 inch baking pans. Pour half the batter into each pan. Bake in 400° F oven 30 minutes. Serve immediately with roast. Makes eight servings. (Continued on page 23) Zinnia Stook’s From the Larder Hobbit Cuisine Sharon Helms Volume 36, Number 3 Winter 2007 Journal of the American Tolkien™ Society ISSN 1063-0848
Transcript of Journal of the American Tolkien · Bake in 400° F oven 30 minutes. Serve immediately with roast....
page
24
Min
as T
irith
Eve
ning
-Sta
r
Yule
Din
ner
This
issu
e, w
e’re
con
side
ring
reci
pes f
or H
obbi
tish
favo
urite
s for
Yul
e D
inne
r. R
emem
ber:
Yul
e is
a tw
o da
y ho
liday
falli
ng b
etw
een
Fore
yule
30
and
Afte
ryul
e 1.
(H
obbi
ts
are
very
sens
ible
abo
ut th
eir c
alen
dar!
) H
owev
er, Y
ulet
ide
in
full
is si
x da
ys lo
ng, b
egin
ning
For
eyul
e 29
and
con
tinui
ng
thro
ugh
Afte
ryul
e 2.
The
re sh
ould
be
plen
ty o
f tim
e fo
r the
se
and
othe
r rec
ipes
in a
six-
day
holid
ay g
iven
ove
r to
feas
ting!
Roa
st Be
ef wi
th S
hire
Pud
ding
Pl
ace
four
pou
nd b
eef r
ib r
oast
, fat
side
up,
in a
sh
allo
w r
oast
ing
pan.
Sea
son
with
salt
and
pepp
er.
Inse
rt m
eat t
herm
omet
er, a
void
ing
bone
. R
oast
, unc
over
ed, i
n a
325°
F
oven
abo
ut 2
.5 h
ours
or t
ill m
eat t
herm
omet
er re
gist
ers 1
40°
F fo
r rar
e, th
ree
hour
s or 1
60° F
for m
ediu
m, a
nd 3
.25
hour
s or
170°
F fo
r wel
l don
e. R
emov
e m
eat t
o he
ated
serv
ing
plat
ter;
keep
war
m.
Res
erve
0.2
5 cu
p dr
ippi
ngs.
Incr
ease
ove
n to
40
0° F
. Com
bine
four
egg
s, tw
o cu
ps m
ilk, 2
cup
s flo
ur a
nd
one
teas
poon
salt
in a
bow
l (a
mix
er is
han
dy fo
r thi
s).
Bea
t fo
r 1.5
min
utes
. Po
ur h
alf o
f the
rese
rved
drip
ping
s int
o ea
ch
of tw
o 9
X 9
X 2
inch
bak
ing
pans
. Po
ur h
alf t
he b
atte
r int
o ea
ch p
an.
Bak
e in
400
° F o
ven
30 m
inut
es.
Serv
e im
med
iate
ly
with
roas
t. M
akes
eig
ht se
rvin
gs.
(Con
tinue
d on
pag
e 23
)
Zin
nia
Sto
ok’s
From
the L
arde
r H
obbi
t C
uis
ine
Sh
aron
Hel
ms
Win
ter 2
007
page
1
Volu
me 3
6, N
umbe
r 3
W
inter
200
7
Jour
nal o
f the
Am
erica
n T
olkien
™ S
ociet
y
ISSN
106
3-08
48
page
2
Min
as T
irith
Eve
ning
-Sta
r
Am
eric
an T
olki
en S
ocie
ty
P.O
. Box
97
Hig
hlan
d M
I 483
57-0
097
Am
alie
A. H
elm
s E
xecu
tive
Dir
ecto
r an
d E
dito
r Ph
ilip
W. H
elm
s, E
dito
r E
mer
itus
http
://w
ww
.am
eric
anto
lkie
nsoc
iety
.org
©
Cop
yrig
ht th
e A
mer
ican
Tol
kien
Soc
iety
, 200
7 IS
SN 1
063-
0848
Vol
ume
36, N
umbe
r 3
W
inte
r 20
07
Tabl
e of
Con
tent
s T
olki
en in
Aca
dem
ia #
6 ....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
. pag
e 3
D
avid
L. D
ettm
an
Shir
etal
k ....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. pag
e 9
In
the
Hal
l of F
ire .
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. pag
e 10
A
n A
mer
ican
Tol
kien
Soc
iety
Poe
try F
eatu
re (a
lso
on p
age
22)
M. A
nish
, S. B
owm
an, D
. LaB
ranc
he, T
. Rile
y, J.
Sve
ndse
n D
ior
Rec
eive
s the
Silm
aril
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
. pag
e 15
Fi
ctio
n by
Sus
an D
orm
an
Hug
o’s B
ooks
helf
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
... p
age
20
An
Am
eric
an T
olki
en S
ocie
ty N
ews a
nd R
evie
w F
eatu
re
Zin
nia
Stoo
k’s F
rom
the
Lar
der .
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. pag
e 24
H
obbi
t Cui
sine
by
Shar
on H
elm
s C
over
: Art
by W
ojci
ech
Kle
j M
inas
Tir
ith E
veni
ng-S
tar:
Jou
rnal
of
the
Am
eric
an T
olki
en S
ocie
ty i
s pr
oduc
ed fo
r the
Am
eric
an T
olki
en S
ocie
ty b
y W
ereW
olf P
ublic
atio
ns a
nd is
pr
ovid
ed to
all
mem
bers
with
out f
urth
er c
harg
e. A
lso
avai
labl
e by
e-m
ail i
n PD
F fo
rmat
and
in R
TF fo
rmat
on
disk
ette
or b
y e-
mai
l. A
TS a
nnua
l due
s are
$1
0.00
US
for
e-m
ail;
$12.
50 U
S in
side
U.S
. (in
clud
ing
zip
code
s in
Pue
rto
Ric
o), C
anad
a an
d M
exic
o; $
15.0
0 U
S in
oth
er n
atio
ns.
Due
s in
clud
e Fi
rst
Cla
ss h
andl
ing
insi
de U
.S.,
Air
Mai
l to
othe
r nat
ions
. Po
tent
ial c
ontri
buto
rs,
send
self-
addr
esse
d, st
ampe
d en
velo
pe fo
r gui
delin
es.
TO
LKIE
N is
a tr
ade
mar
k of
The
J R
R T
olki
en E
stat
e Li
mite
d
and
is u
sed
with
kin
d pe
rmis
sion
.
Jour
nal o
f the
Am
erica
n T
olkien
™ S
ociet
y
Win
ter 2
007
page
23
Bell
Good
child
Gam
gee’s
Plu
m P
uddi
ng
Soak
four
slic
es b
read
, tor
n in
to p
iece
s in
one
cup
milk
and
bea
t to
brea
k up
. St
ir in
six
ounc
es g
roun
d su
et, o
ne
cup
pack
ed b
row
n su
gar,
two
slig
htly
bea
ten
eggs
, 0.2
5 cu
p or
ange
juic
e an
d on
e te
aspo
on v
anill
a. I
n a
bow
l, co
mbi
ne
two
cups
rai
sins
, one
cup
snip
ped,
pitt
ed d
ates
, 0.5
cup
di
ced
mix
ed c
andi
ed fr
uits
and
pee
ls, a
nd 0
.5 c
up c
hopp
ed
wal
nuts
. St
ir to
geth
er o
ne c
up fl
our,
two
teas
poon
s gro
und
cinn
amon
, one
teas
poon
gro
und
clov
es, o
ne te
aspo
on
grou
nd m
ace,
one
teas
poon
bak
ing
soda
and
0.5
teas
poon
sa
lt. A
dd d
ry m
ixtu
re to
the
mix
ed fr
uits
and
mix
wel
l. S
tir in
br
ead-
suet
mix
ture
. Po
ur in
to w
ell-g
reas
ed tw
o-qu
art m
old
(do
not u
se ri
ng m
old
or tu
be p
an!)
. C
over
with
foil
and
tight
ly ti
e fo
il on
usi
ng st
ring.
Pl
ace
the
mol
d on
rack
in d
eep
kettl
e; a
dd b
oilin
g w
ater
to
the
kettl
e to
a d
epth
of o
ne in
ch.
Cov
er a
nd st
eam
the
pudd
ing
3.5
hour
s; a
dd m
ore
boili
ng w
ater
if n
eede
d. C
ool t
he
pudd
ing
abou
t 10
min
utes
bef
ore
rem
ovin
g fr
om th
e m
old.
Se
rve
the
pudd
ing
with
har
d sa
uce.
Mak
es 1
6 se
rvin
gs.
The
Gaf
fer’s
Favo
urite
Har
d Sa
uce
In a
bow
l cre
am to
geth
er (t
hat m
ixer
will
be
hand
y ag
ain)
two
cups
sift
ed p
owde
red
(con
fect
ione
r’s)
suga
r an
d 0.
5 cu
p bu
tter
, sof
tene
d. B
eat i
n on
e be
aten
egg
yol
k an
d on
e te
aspo
on v
anill
a. S
et a
side
. W
ash
beat
ers.
Bea
t one
egg
w
hite
till
stiff
pea
ks fo
rm.
Gen
tly fo
ld in
to b
utte
r mix
ture
. C
over
; chi
ll. M
akes
1.7
5 cu
ps.
Serv
e ov
er p
lum
pud
ding
. Th
ese
Shire
favo
urite
s, pa
rticu
larly
the
pudd
ings
, are
le
ss fa
mili
ar to
Am
eric
an re
ader
s tha
n m
any
food
s men
tione
d,
and
we
hope
any
who
try
the
reci
pes w
ill e
njoy
them
.
Hap
py Y
ule!
page
22
Min
as T
irith
Eve
ning
-Sta
r
revi
ews a
nd m
eetin
g no
tices
. N
umbe
r 308
(Nov
embe
r) h
as a
ne
w e
dito
r and
a n
ew lo
ok.
Gin
ger M
cElw
ee is
the
new
edi
tor,
and
has r
esol
ved
thei
r iss
ues o
ver p
osta
ge o
n an
inte
rim b
asis
by
mai
ling
the
8.5
X 7
(inc
hes)
pub
licat
ion
fold
ed in
hal
f, to
4.
25 X
7 (i
nche
s), t
abbe
d as
a se
lf-m
aile
r. C
onte
nts i
nclu
de
revi
ews a
nd m
eetin
g no
tices
. w
ww
.myt
hsoc
.org
W
e ha
ve re
ceiv
ed fi
ve is
sues
of B
eyon
d B
ree.
Aug
ust
is c
hief
ly o
ccup
ied
with
revi
ews,
lette
rs, a
nd in
form
atio
n on
ev
ents
. Se
ptem
ber r
etai
ns a
sim
ilar f
ocus
. O
ctob
er is
sim
ilarly
re
liabl
e, w
ith th
e ad
ditio
n of
som
e an
ime-
styl
e ar
t by
Oct
o K
wan
. N
ovem
ber i
nclu
des a
n es
say,
“A
rago
rn a
nd th
e A
rnor
Pl
ot”
by G
ene
Har
grov
e. D
ecem
ber i
nclu
des “
Kni
ghth
ood
in
Mid
dle-
earth
” by
Nan
cy M
arts
ch (c
onde
nsed
from
a p
aper
pr
esen
ted
at M
ythc
on).
http
://w
ww
.cep
.unt
.edu
/bre
e.ht
ml
Dar
k Sea
t
The
Dar
k Lo
rd w
ants
to ru
le fo
reve
rmor
e.
Wou
ldn’
t you
, in
his d
ark
seat
, fee
l the
sam
e?
Full
of im
mor
tal a
nd im
pres
sive
lore
, Th
e D
ark
Lord
wan
ts to
rule
fore
verm
ore.
H
is g
olde
n yo
uth
he’s
eag
er to
rest
ore.
H
e’s s
erio
us a
bout
his
evi
l gam
e.
The
Dar
k Lo
rd w
ants
to ru
le fo
reve
rmor
e.
Wou
ldn’
t you
, in
his d
ark
seat
, fee
l the
sam
e?
- Tom
Rile
y
The
Shi
re
Whe
n al
l go
odne
ss is
gon
e th
ere’
s alw
ays t
he m
orse
l no
gre
edy
hand
can
reac
h do
wn
at
bag’
s end
. - S
haw
n B
owm
an
Win
ter 2
007
page
3
Tol
kien
™
in /
Tol
kien
™
an
d A
cad
emia
D
avid
L. D
ettm
an
I t is
com
mon
plac
e kn
owle
dge
that
Tol
kien
wro
te T
he
Lord
of
the
Rin
gs t
o be
a “
Myt
holo
gy f
or E
ngla
nd.”
B
ut t
his
apoc
ryph
al q
uota
tion
(no
one
can
prov
ide
the
orig
inal
cita
tion)
, mak
es a
set
of c
laim
s fo
r The
Lor
d of
th
e R
ings
tha
t do
n’t
real
ly h
old
wat
er.
And
ers
Sten
strö
m
orig
inal
ly p
oint
ed th
is o
ut1 –
that
the
quot
atio
n w
as im
agin
ary
and
he q
uest
ione
d w
heth
er T
olki
en w
ould
hav
e re
ally
thou
ght
of h
is w
ork
as a
cyc
le o
f myt
holo
gy.
I agr
ee w
ith S
tens
tröm
’s
sugg
estio
n an
d th
ink
it is
hig
hly
unlik
ely
that
Tol
kien
, who
was
im
mer
sed
in t
he v
ario
us m
edie
val
genr
es a
ll hi
s lif
e, w
ould
ha
ve th
ough
t of T
he L
ord
of th
e R
ings
or T
he S
ilmar
illio
n as
m
ytho
logy
.
He
wou
ld
have
pl
aced
th
em
in
Lege
nds
or
Rom
ance
, not
eith
er M
yth
or E
pic.
2 But
this
is a
dis
cuss
ion
for
anot
her
colu
mn.
To
day
I w
ant
to t
alk
abou
t on
e of
the
bes
t bo
oks
I hav
e re
ad in
a c
oupl
e of
yea
rs.
It is
a s
tudy
of E
nglis
h ro
man
ce m
otifs
fro
m th
e en
d of
the
Ang
lo-S
axon
era
to S
tuar
t En
glan
d –
Hel
en C
oope
r’s
The
Eng
lish
Rom
ance
in
Tim
e:
Tran
sfor
min
g m
otifs
fro
m G
eoff
rey
of M
onm
outh
to
the
deat
h of
Sha
kesp
eare
(O
xfor
d U
nive
rsity
Pre
ss, 2
004)
. Th
e
1.
Sten
strö
m,
And
ers,
1995
, A
M
ytho
logy
? Fo
r En
glan
d?
In
Proc
eedi
ngs
of t
he J
. R
. R
. Tol
kien
Cen
tena
ry C
onfe
renc
e, e
d. P
. R
eyno
lds a
nd G
. H. G
oodk
nigh
t, M
ythl
ore
v. 8
0 pp
. 310
-314
.
2. P
arts
of
The
Silm
arill
ion
are
myt
hic
and
parts
are
epi
c, b
ut t
he
maj
ority
of t
he w
ork
falls
into
the
cate
gory
of r
oman
ce.
page
4
Min
as T
irith
Eve
ning
-Sta
r
reas
on it
is p
ertin
ent t
o th
ose
of u
s th
at th
ink
abou
t Tol
kien
is
that
she
doe
sn’t
real
ly s
top
with
the
deat
h of
Sha
kesp
eare
, but
co
ntin
ues
the
narr
ativ
e an
d an
alys
is t
hrou
gh J
ohn
Bun
yan’
s Pi
lgri
m’s
Pro
gres
s to
the
Twen
tieth
Cen
tury
and
Tol
kien
. Th
e bo
ok tr
aces
the
maj
or m
otifs
of m
edie
val r
oman
ce
and
show
s ho
w th
ey c
hang
ed th
roug
h tim
e.
Coo
per
disc
usse
s ‘m
emes
’ –
maj
or p
lot
elem
ents
tha
t re
cur
in r
oman
ce,
are
fam
iliar
to
mos
t re
ader
s an
d le
ad to
a s
et o
f ex
pect
atio
ns a
nd
expe
cted
out
com
es.
The
way
in w
hich
thes
e pl
ot e
lem
ents
are
tre
ated
from
the
Elev
enth
Cen
tury
to th
e Tw
entie
th C
entu
ry c
an
show
su
rpris
ing
cont
inui
ty,
give
n th
e ch
ange
s in
En
glis
h so
ciet
y ac
ross
tha
t tim
e.
And
yet
cha
nges
did
occ
ur a
s in
divi
dual
writ
ers
mod
ify m
emes
, the
rea
sons
to r
ead
rom
ance
ch
ange
d, r
oman
ce r
eade
rs’
soci
al s
tatu
s ch
ange
d, a
nd n
ew
disc
ussi
ons
of
soci
al
issu
es
deve
lope
d in
ro
man
ce
text
s.
Coo
per
cove
rs m
otifs
in
thes
e br
oad
area
s: t
he q
uest
and
pi
lgrim
age;
tra
vel
acro
ss t
he s
ea a
nd b
eing
los
t/aba
ndon
ed a
t se
a; m
agic
and
how
it
exis
ts i
n th
e ro
man
ce w
orld
; el
ves,
fairi
es, a
nd F
aërie
; lov
e an
d se
xual
des
ire; w
omen
acc
used
and
on
tria
l (fo
r ad
ulte
ry);
rest
orin
g th
e rig
htfu
l hei
r to
a k
ingd
om;
and
the
happ
y en
ding
. Th
e w
riter
s of
thes
e w
orks
use
som
e or
m
any
of th
ese
them
es u
npro
blem
atic
ally
or t
hey
may
con
tradi
ct
the
expe
ctat
ions
est
ablis
hed
by th
e ap
pear
ance
of a
mot
if.
It is
fas
cina
ting
to s
ee h
ow t
hese
mot
ifs a
ppea
r an
d re
plic
ate
thro
ugh
time.
Som
e ar
e st
ill g
oing
stro
ng, s
uch
as th
e qu
est a
nd th
e rig
htfu
l kin
g in
Tol
kien
or
C. S
. Lew
is.
Oth
ers
have
fade
d fr
om o
ur re
adin
g of
rom
ance
. C
oope
r’s
book
ope
ns
with
the
fam
ous
stag
e di
rect
ion
in S
hake
spea
re’s
Win
ter’
s Ta
le, “
Exit,
pur
sued
by
a be
ar.”
Thi
s lin
e is
not
able
bec
ause
a
mod
ern
read
er o
f th
e pl
ay i
s co
mpl
etel
y un
prep
ared
for
it.
Th
ere
is n
o di
scus
sion
or
even
men
tion
of b
ears
by
any
char
acte
r up
to th
at p
oint
in th
e pl
ay.
Late
r we
hear
of t
he b
ear
crue
lly d
evou
ring
Ant
igon
us, b
ut th
e su
dden
firs
t app
eara
nce
of
a be
ar in
a st
age
dire
ctio
n is
a su
rpris
e. I
t was
not
a su
rpris
e fo
r th
e El
izab
etha
n au
dien
ce w
ho f
irst s
aw th
e pl
ay.
Ant
igon
us is
in
Boh
emia
to a
band
on a
chi
ld in
the
wild
erne
ss.
In m
any
the
popu
lar
rom
ance
s of
the
tim
e, b
ears
and
wild
erne
ss a
nd c
hild
ab
ando
nmen
t w
ere
very
stro
ngly
ass
ocia
ted.
C
oope
r’s
book
Win
ter 2
007
page
21
Publ
icat
ions
Rec
eive
d W
e ha
ve re
ceiv
ed th
ree
issu
es o
f Am
on H
en, B
ulle
tin
of th
e To
lkie
n So
ciet
y. N
umbe
r 206
mar
ked
“70
Yea
rs o
f The
H
obbi
t.” C
onte
nts i
nclu
de se
vera
l sho
rt es
says
and
a lo
nger
on
e, “
Elvi
sh a
nd H
eroi
c: C
an W
e Lo
ve T
he S
ilmar
illio
n?”
by
Lin
Dav
ies;
revi
ews o
f the
mus
ical
, and
of T
he P
lant
s of
Mid
dle-
earth
, and
info
rmat
ion
on u
pcom
ing
Soci
ety
even
ts.
Num
ber 2
07 in
clud
es “
a G
ondo
rian
faer
y ta
le”
by S
ally
En
glan
d, “
Rea
ding
Tol
kien
: The
Sen
sory
and
Mor
al
Topo
grap
hy o
f Mid
dle-
earth
” by
Efe
Lev
ent,
“Tol
kien
The
Fa
scis
t?”
by D
avid
Dou
ghan
, “Th
e Fu
nctio
ns o
f Dre
am in
The
Lo
rd o
f the
Rin
gs”
by D
avid
Gra
yson
, a d
eal o
f rat
her g
ood
art,
som
e po
etry
, and
a lo
ng le
tter.
Num
ber 2
08 a
nnou
nces
Hen
ry
Gee
as n
ew e
dito
r of M
allo
rn.
Oth
er c
onte
nts i
nclu
de “
Fles
h an
d St
one:
Dua
lism
and
the
Dru
edai
n” b
y M
icha
el
Cun
ning
ham
and
a n
umbe
r of r
epor
ts.
Als
o re
ceiv
ed: T
olki
en
Soci
ety
Trad
ing
Ltd.
Cat
alog
ue.
http
://w
ww
.tolk
iens
ocie
ty.o
rg/
We
have
rece
ived
thre
e is
sues
of L
emba
s fro
m T
olki
en
Gen
oots
chap
Unq
uend
or.
Num
ber 1
30 (A
ugus
t) in
clud
es a
re
view
of “
Shad
ows o
f Ang
mar
,” a
mas
sive
ly m
ultip
laye
r on
line
role
pla
ying
gam
e (M
MO
RPG
) and
repo
rts o
n w
hat
seem
to h
ave
been
seve
ral e
vent
s. N
umbe
r 131
(Oct
ober
) has
a
new
cov
er d
esig
n: “
Turin
slay
s Gla
urun
g” b
y Jo
hn H
owe.
C
onte
nts i
nclu
de a
repo
rt on
the
Indo
nesi
an so
ciet
y, E
orlin
gas;
an
arti
cle
whi
ch se
ems t
o su
gges
t mun
dane
wor
ld p
aral
lels
to
Mid
dle-
earth
site
s, re
view
s and
repo
rts.
Num
ber 1
32
(Dec
embe
r) re
peat
s the
Hoe
w c
over
. C
onte
nts i
nclu
de “
In d
e vo
etsp
oren
van
Hob
bits
? ee
n an
alys
e va
n de
keu
ze v
oor h
et
Kw
aad
onde
r de
Hob
bits
” by
Joer
i Pac
olet
. Th
is lo
oks l
ike
a ve
ry in
tere
stin
g es
say,
but
lack
ing
the
lang
uage
, one
can
not s
ay
muc
h m
ore.
Thi
s iss
ue d
oes i
nclu
de th
ree
revi
ews i
n En
glis
h!
(Lem
bas i
s nor
mal
ly in
Dut
ch.)
Als
o re
ceiv
ed: 2
007-
2008
di
rect
ory
and
2007
ann
ual r
epor
t. w
ww
.unq
uend
or.n
l W
e ha
ve re
ceiv
ed th
ree
issu
es o
f Myt
hpri
nt, t
he
mon
thly
bul
letin
of t
he M
ytho
poei
c So
ciet
y. N
umbe
r 305
(A
ugus
t) an
noun
ces t
he M
ytho
poei
c A
war
d w
inne
rs a
nd
incl
udes
mee
ting
notic
es a
nd re
ports
on
Myt
hcon
. N
umbe
r 306
-307
(Sep
tem
ber/O
ctob
er) i
nclu
des i
nfor
mat
ion
on M
ythc
on,
page
20
Min
as T
irith
Eve
ning
-Sta
r
Hug
o’s B
ooks
helf
An A
mer
ican
Tolk
ien™
So
ciety
New
s and
Rev
iew
Feat
ure
edite
d an
d se
lect
ed b
y
Phili
p W
. Hel
ms
The
Hob
bit F
ilm N
ews
In a
n ar
ticle
by
Jake
Coy
le, t
he A
ssoc
iate
d Pr
ess
repo
rts th
at P
eter
Jack
son
has a
gree
d to
pro
duce
two
film
s ba
sed
on T
he H
obbi
t. N
o di
rect
or h
as b
een
nam
ed a
t thi
s w
ritin
g. Th
e tw
o fil
ms w
ill b
e sh
ot si
mul
tane
ousl
y, a
s Jac
kson
di
d w
ith T
he L
ord
of th
e R
ings
. It
was
repo
rtedl
y Ja
ckso
n’s
idea
to d
ivid
e th
e st
ory
into
two
film
s. T
here
has
bee
n no
in
dica
tion
whe
re h
e w
ill c
hoos
e to
div
ide
the
plot
. Pr
oduc
tion
will
tent
ativ
ely
begi
n in
200
9, w
ith fi
lms t
o be
rele
ased
in 2
010
and
2011
. N
o w
riter
s hav
e be
en n
amed
yet
, and
pro
duct
ion
may
be
dela
yed
by th
e cu
rren
t writ
ers’
strik
e.
The
film
s will
be
prod
uced
and
dis
tribu
ted
in N
orth
A
mer
ica
by N
ew L
ine
Cin
ema
(Tim
e W
arne
r, In
c.) a
nd
dist
ribut
ed in
tern
atio
nally
by
Met
ro-G
oldw
yn-M
ayer
(MG
M; a
co
nsor
tium
incl
udin
g So
ny a
nd C
omca
st).
The
two
firm
s will
re
porte
dly
split
fina
ncin
g an
d di
strib
utio
n co
sts.
This
ann
ounc
emen
t was
mad
e po
ssib
le b
y th
e D
ecem
ber 1
8, 2
007
settl
emen
t of t
he la
wsu
it by
Jack
son
agai
nst N
ew L
ine
rega
rdin
g th
e am
ount
he
rece
ived
for T
he
Fel
low
ship
of t
he R
ing.
w
ww
.The
Hob
bitB
log.
com
h
ttp://
tbhl
.theo
nerin
g.ne
t
Win
ter 2
007
page
5
wor
ks to
rest
ore
“lite
rary
com
pete
nce”
to th
e m
oder
n re
ader
of
med
ieva
l ro
man
ce,
to
help
us
re
ad
thes
e w
orks
w
ith
an
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
so
me
of
the
assu
mpt
ions
an
d co
mm
on
know
ledg
e th
at m
edie
val
and
early
mod
ern
read
ers
had.
Sh
e do
es a
n ex
celle
nt jo
b an
d I c
an s
ee m
ysel
f re-
read
ing
this
boo
k ev
ery
few
yea
rs a
s I
try t
o di
gest
med
ieva
l an
d ea
rly m
oder
n w
riter
s. R om
ance
is h
ard
to d
efin
e pr
ecis
ely
and
Coo
per h
as
a ni
ce d
iscu
ssio
n of
som
e of
the
pro
blem
s in
ar
ticul
atin
g a
defin
ition
. Sh
e ev
entu
ally
con
clud
es
that
rea
ders
of
rom
ance
s kn
ew w
hat t
hey
are
and
coul
d ea
sily
rec
ogni
ze t
hem
bec
ause
of
thei
r co
mm
on m
otifs
. Sh
e dr
aws
an a
nalo
gy w
ith f
amily
res
embl
ance
s; t
here
are
m
any
sim
ilarit
ies
in a
ppea
ranc
e of
ind
ivid
ual
mem
bers
of
a fa
mily
, as
wel
l as
man
y di
ffer
ence
s. T
here
is u
sual
ly n
o si
ngle
fe
atur
e th
at is
iden
tical
and
est
ablis
hes
fam
ily re
sem
blan
ce, b
ut
a va
ryin
g gr
oup
of o
verla
ppin
g si
mila
ritie
s. “
The
rom
ance
ge
nre
– an
y ge
nre,
inde
ed –
is b
est t
houg
ht o
f as
a lin
eage
or a
fa
mily
of t
exts
, rat
her t
han
as a
ser
ies
of in
carn
atio
ns o
r clo
nes
of a
sin
gle
Plat
onic
Ide
a”3
Rom
ance
is
a ge
nre
that
rea
ders
re
cogn
ize
by t
he p
lot
and
subj
ect
mat
ter.
Writ
ers
prod
uce
rom
ance
by
inte
ract
ing
with
prio
r w
orks
in th
e ge
nre.
So
if a
w
ork
has
a qu
est,
a tru
e lo
ve, a
true
kin
g to
be
rest
ored
, and
a
happ
y en
ding
it is
cle
arly
a r
oman
ce.
It is
impo
rtant
to n
ote,
ho
wev
er, t
hat a
ny (o
r man
y) o
f the
mot
ifs c
omm
on to
rom
ance
ca
n be
abs
ent o
r con
trave
ned
in th
e st
ory
and
the
wor
k re
mai
ns
solid
ly i
n ro
man
ce t
errit
ory.
C
oope
r, al
thou
gh s
he l
imits
her
de
taile
d di
scus
sion
to
wor
ks p
rior
to t
he M
id-S
even
teen
th
Cen
tury
, doe
s hav
e a
num
ber o
f thi
ngs t
o sa
y ab
out T
olki
en a
nd
the
mod
ern
desc
enda
nts
of th
e m
edie
val r
oman
ce, F
anta
sy a
nd
Scie
nce
Fict
ion.
Tho
se a
re w
hat I
will
con
cent
rate
on
here
, but
I’
ll re
itera
te h
ere
that
I w
ould
who
lehe
arte
dly
reco
mm
end
this
bo
ok t
o an
yone
who
wan
ts t
o ge
t a
gras
p of
the
pop
ular
and
fa
ntas
tic li
tera
ture
of t
he M
iddl
e A
ges.
She
portr
ays
Tolk
ien
and
C.
S. L
ewis
as
the
brid
ge
3. C
oope
r, p.
8
page
6
Min
as T
irith
Eve
ning
-Sta
r
betw
een
mod
ern
fant
asy
and
the
rom
ance
s so
com
mon
up
thro
ugh
the
Seve
ntee
nth
Cen
tury
. R
oman
ce fa
ded
sign
ifica
ntly
in
the
Eigh
teen
th a
nd N
inet
eent
h C
entu
ries,
until
the
genr
e w
as
revi
ved
by T
olki
en a
nd L
ewis
. B
oth
wer
e sc
hola
rs o
f rom
ance
an
d to
ok r
oman
ce s
erio
usly
, re
cogn
izin
g th
at,
for
over
600
ye
ars,
rom
ance
was
the
veh
icle
tha
t au
thor
s us
ed t
o di
scus
s cr
itica
l m
oral
and
soc
ial
issu
es.
Tol
kien
did
the
sam
e –
addr
essi
ng i
n st
ory
high
ly u
nfas
hion
able
top
ics
such
as
duty
, ho
nor,
war
time
sacr
ifice
, and
ser
vice
to o
ther
s. T
his
stru
ck a
st
rong
cho
rd i
n re
ader
s of
the
las
t ha
lf of
the
Tw
entie
th
Cen
tury
, but
ear
ly T
olki
en c
ritic
s m
isse
d th
e po
int
and
didn
’t se
e th
e se
rious
ness
of h
is li
tera
ture
.4 Rom
ance
was
not
sim
ple
esca
pist
lite
ratu
re a
nd, a
s we
know
wel
l, ne
ither
is T
olki
en’s
(or
Lew
is’)
writ
ing.
On
an in
tere
stin
g si
de n
ote,
Coo
per p
oint
s ou
t th
at
the
mos
t fa
ntas
tic
of
rom
ance
s w
ere
still
st
rong
ly
conn
ecte
d to
the
real
wor
ld.
If a
kni
ght t
rave
ls in
the
real
m o
f Fa
ërie
, he
even
tual
ly c
omes
hom
e ha
ving
lea
rned
a l
esso
n or
pr
oved
his
wor
th.
He
retu
rns
to th
e kn
own
wor
ld to
repo
rt hi
s ex
perie
nces
, gi
ving
the
aut
hor
and
read
ers
a ch
ance
to
talk
ab
out
wha
t th
ey m
ean.
H
ere
is o
ne a
rea
whe
re F
anta
sy a
nd
Scie
nce
Fict
ion,
w
ith
thei
r ot
herw
orld
ly
setti
ngs,
may
be
di
verg
ing
sign
ifica
ntly
from
rom
ance
. Q
uest
ing
is h
ugel
y im
porta
nt i
n bo
th T
olki
en a
nd i
n ro
man
ce.
Ther
e ar
e m
any,
man
y va
riant
s on
the
ques
t and
, lik
e m
edie
val a
utho
rs o
f rom
ance
, and
Tol
kien
pla
ys w
ith v
aria
tions
on
the
que
st m
otif.
Fr
odo
and
the
fello
wsh
ip a
re q
uest
ing
to
disp
ose
of s
omet
hing
, no
t fin
d it.
To
lkie
n al
so a
dopt
s an
im
porta
nt f
eatu
re o
f m
edie
val
Arth
uria
n ro
man
ces,
inte
rlace
. A
s ch
arac
ters
mul
tiplie
d in
the
que
stin
g kn
ight
tal
es,
thei
r st
orie
s be
gan
to b
e to
ld s
imul
tane
ousl
y w
ith t
he n
arra
tive
mov
ing
back
and
forth
bet
wee
n di
ffer
ent c
hara
cter
s. T
he L
ord
of t
he R
ings
fits
ver
y co
mfo
rtabl
y in
the
int
erla
ced
fram
e.
Que
stin
g w
estw
ard
is
also
a
stro
ng
them
e in
m
edie
val
rom
ance
s, w
here
the
wes
tern
oce
an h
eld
isla
nds
of w
onde
rs.
One
exa
mpl
e is
the
voy
age
of B
rend
an,
who
was
gui
ded
by
4. A
s dis
cuss
ed b
y To
m S
hipp
ey in
the
afte
rwor
d to
J. R
. R. T
olki
en
Aut
hor o
f the
Cen
tury
.
Win
ter 2
007
page
19
his n
eck,
and
cry
ing,
flun
g it
ther
e to
val
iant
Rúm
il (h
e fo
r w
hom
it w
as p
erm
itted
to h
ave
a na
me
whi
ch h
onor
ed o
f the
ba
rd o
f Val
inor
). C
ried
Dio
r: “T
ake,
Rúm
il! F
etch
Elw
ing
and
go to
Cird
an.
Kee
p sa
fe th
e br
ide
pric
e of
my
mot
her f
air!
Let
it
not o
ff th
y pe
rson
!!”
And
the
valia
nt R
úmil
flew
. H
e fle
d do
wn
the
pass
age
twis
ting,
wen
t thr
ough
the
laby
rinth
to fi
nd
the
secr
et g
ate.
B
ut i
t ha
ppen
ed t
hat
Fean
or's
sons
did
ove
rtake
the
R
oyal
s, a
nd f
ound
the
nob
les
hast
enin
g th
ither
with
the
ir sp
ouse
s. A
nd t
hey
pray
ed t
he c
hild
ren
in n
urse
ries
got
them
sa
fely
out
with
gua
rds.
Shr
ieke
d an
d sc
ream
ed th
e fo
lk, c
ried
the
sons
of
Fean
or, a
nd h
orse
s’ n
eigh
ing
fille
d th
e ha
lls.
For
thes
e ba
ttler
s he
wed
fro
m s
teed
s; t
hey
stru
ck t
he h
elpl
ess
with
out
mai
l. A
nd t
he g
uard
s an
d w
arrio
rs o
f th
e K
ingd
om
foug
ht th
em in
the
pass
ages
of M
eneg
roth
, mar
ring
all t
he w
alls
w
ith b
lood
. Y
et D
ior,
sing
ing,
fou
ght b
efor
e hi
s da
me
with
sw
ord.
Sa
ng H
e: Sh
e le
t her
flyi
ng ra
imen
t sw
eep
enm
eshe
d w
ith w
oven
spel
ls o
f sle
ep
as ro
und
the
dark
voi
d sh
e ra
nged
and
reel
ed.
From
wal
l to
wal
l she
turn
ed a
nd w
heel
ed.
[L 3
01]
[S]o
bef
ell t
he se
cond
slay
ing
of E
lf by
Elf.
Th
ere
fell
Cel
egor
m b
y D
ior's
han
d.
and
ther
e fe
ll C
uruf
in,
and
dark
Car
anth
ir; b
ut D
ior
was
sla
in
also
, and
Nim
loth
his
wife
, and
the
crue
l ser
vant
s of
Cel
egor
m s
eize
d hi
s yo
ung
sons
and
lef
t th
em t
o st
arve
in
the
fore
st.
Of
this
Mae
dhro
s in
deed
re
pent
ed, a
nd s
ough
t for
them
long
in th
e w
oods
of
Dor
iath
; bu
t hi
s se
arch
was
una
vaili
ng, a
nd o
f th
e fa
te o
f Elu
red
and
Elur
in n
o ta
le te
lls.
Thus
was
Dor
iath
des
troye
d, a
nd n
ever
ro
se a
gain
. B
ut th
e so
ns o
f Fea
nor g
aine
d no
t wha
t th
ey s
ough
t; fo
r a re
mna
nt o
f the
peo
ple
fled
befo
re
them
, and
with
them
was
Elw
ing
Dio
r's d
augh
ter,
and
they
esc
aped
, an
d be
arin
g w
ith t
hem
the
Silm
aril
they
cam
e in
tim
e to
the
mou
ths
of th
e R
iver
Siri
on
by th
e se
a. [S
236
-7]
page
18
Min
as T
irith
Eve
ning
-Sta
r
upon
the
side
s of
Tha
ngor
odrim
. So
me
days
he
felt
ther
e hi
s ha
nd s
till;
and
the
agon
y of
Fin
gon
cutti
ng f
or t
o sa
ve h
im.
Mig
hty
Mae
dhro
s, w
hose
hai
r be
shot
with
gra
y, s
et fa
ggot
s on
th
e fir
e. H
e w
as th
ousa
nds
old
as if
they
had
bee
n co
unte
d by
th
e Su
n.
He
had
stat
ure
som
e sl
ight
er t
han
a m
an's,
yet
was
ta
ll. H
e lo
oked
as
wou
ld a
man
of m
ayha
p fo
rty w
inte
rs.
And
gr
aven
was
his
face
with
sor
row
s, su
ffer
ings
, of t
he y
ears
. A
nd
his o
ath,
it w
eigh
ed o
n hi
m.
Then
, as
fires
rose
in th
e ha
ll (a
nd s
mok
e di
d is
sue
out
the
hole
abo
ve),
Mae
dhro
s lo
oked
in th
e bl
aze.
. .
and
saw
the
swan
shi
ps b
urni
ng.
He
saw
thei
r tim
bers
cra
ckin
g, li
cked
with
fla
me.
A
nd h
is f
athe
r do
wn
ther
e la
ughi
ng.
Mae
dhro
s in
sh
ame
and
drea
d di
d w
onde
r on
him
thin
king
, 0 w
hy m
ust w
e ou
r frie
nds d
eser
t? W
hy le
ave
on fa
rther
shor
e th
ose
who
stoo
d by
us?
And
Fea
nor k
new
his
thou
ghts
and
laug
hed.
N
ow M
aedh
ros
starin
g in
the
fla
mes
tho
ught
, W
hy?
W
hy p
assio
n an
d su
ch g
rief a
s we
here
kno
w?
Pas
sion
s suc
h do
ha
rm u
s. 0
, my
brot
hers
, o.
But
he
wai
ted
in th
e ha
ll, u
pon
the
Lone
ly H
ill, f
or h
is
brot
hers
to a
ppea
r. N ow
, in
havi
ng u
pstre
am f
orde
d th
e El
ven
Riv
er,
the
thun
derin
g ho
rses
of
Fean
or’s
son
s do
cro
ss
the
ston
e gr
eat b
ridge
. A
nd th
eir
serv
ants
clim
b th
e do
ors t
o br
eak
apar
t the
latti
ce (t
hrou
gh w
hich
ni
ghtin
gale
s of
Mel
ian
had
upon
a ti
me
ente
red
in a
nd o
ut th
e ha
lls o
f Thi
ngol
). A
nd n
ow th
e ba
ttler
s sw
arm
the
trans
om a
nd
do e
nter
in to
figh
t. A
nd, w
ithin
, the
y op
en u
p th
e po
rtals
. A
nd
ente
r al
l th
e ho
st u
pon
thei
r m
ount
s, a
nd c
latte
r do
wn
fair
pass
ages
(w
hich
gle
amed
with
inl
aid
met
als
and
cut
prec
ious
st
ones
). A
nd th
e ru
shes
bla
zing
on
the
wal
ls d
o fli
cker
in th
eir
pass
ing.
Th
e hu
e an
d cr
y de
scen
d, s
o th
at w
ith h
aste
the
folk
do
gird
for
war
with
in.
And
oth
ers
see
to l
ittle
one
s, if
they
m
ight
per
chan
ce to
save
them
. A
nd it
hap
pene
d th
at D
ior E
luch
il an
d N
imlo
th th
e be
aute
ous
hast
ened
tow
ard
pass
ages
from
thro
nes w
here
on th
ey g
over
ned.
A
nd th
e Si
lmar
il di
d co
olly
shin
e fro
m th
e br
east
of B
eren
's so
n,
as D
ior y
et ra
n. A
nd h
e to
ok th
e N
augl
amir
with
has
te fr
om o
ff
Win
ter 2
007
page
7
God
to
a la
nd f
ull
of m
arve
ls,
and
then
ord
ered
to
retu
rn t
o Ir
elan
d af
ter o
nly
a fe
w d
ays i
n th
is p
arad
ise.
The
isla
nds t
o th
e w
est a
re m
agic
al a
nd h
oly,
if th
ey c
an b
e fo
und.
I
had
neve
r re
aliz
ed th
at th
ere
was
suc
h a
larg
e lit
erat
ure
on w
ande
rers
at
sea
and
the
prov
iden
tial
assi
stan
ce o
f G
od.
Cle
arly
the
re a
re
broa
d pa
ralle
ls i
n To
lkie
n’s
wor
k.5
The
echo
of
Chr
istia
n re
surr
ectio
n th
at s
ome
read
ers
see
in t
he t
rave
l to
Tol
kien
’s
Wes
tern
Isl
es h
as p
rece
dent
in
med
ieva
l ro
man
ce a
nd i
n Sh
akes
pear
e’s T
he T
empe
st.
A no
ther
sur
pris
e w
as th
at m
agic
is r
elat
ivel
y ra
re in
m
edie
val
rom
ance
. M
agic
is
ofte
n a
kind
of
embe
llish
men
t or
deco
rativ
e th
emat
ic m
ater
ial,
but
it do
es n
ot p
lay
a si
gnifi
cant
rol
e in
the
plot
or
the
solu
tion
to t
he p
robl
em.
In
mos
t ro
man
ces
it is
the
her
o or
he
roin
e w
ho m
akes
dec
isio
ns a
nd f
ollo
ws
thro
ugh
with
act
ion
that
lea
ds t
o th
e so
lutio
n.
I w
ould
arg
ue t
hat
this
is
also
the
ca
se f
or T
olki
en’s
wor
k.
Mag
ic i
s pr
esen
t, bu
t pe
riphe
ral
- es
peci
ally
in
The
Lord
of
the
Rin
gs,
whe
re a
lmos
t al
l th
e m
agic
al it
ems
coul
d be
don
e w
ithou
t. T
he R
ing
is im
porta
nt a
s a
plot
dev
ice,
of
cour
se, b
ut i
t is
not
to
be u
sed
by t
he g
ood
char
acte
rs.
Wha
t el
se i
s th
ere?
Pa
lant
iri,
lem
bas,
the
elvi
sh
cloa
ks, G
anda
lf’s
mag
ic fl
ashl
ight
, the
oth
er ri
ngs,
the
crea
tion
of o
rcs
as a
rac
e.
Thes
e ar
e us
eful
, yes
, but
rea
lly r
elat
ivel
y m
argi
nal t
o th
e co
re o
f the
plo
t, in
whi
ch m
en, h
obbi
ts a
nd th
e ot
her f
ree
peop
les j
oin
toge
ther
in a
mor
al a
nd m
ilita
ry st
rugg
le.
It is
dec
isio
n an
d ac
tion
that
res
olve
the
prob
lem
. In
this
way
th
e w
orks
are
ver
y si
mila
r to
med
ieva
l rom
ance
. To
lkie
n’s
treat
men
t of
wom
en h
as r
ecei
ved
a lo
t of
at
tent
ion.
Th
ere
are
man
y pa
ralle
ls b
etw
een
his
wom
en a
nd
thos
e of
med
ieva
l ro
man
ce.
Coo
per
note
s th
at,
espe
cial
ly i
n En
glis
h ro
man
ce, t
here
is v
ery
little
sex
in s
torie
s of
rom
antic
lo
ve.
Mos
t rom
ance
s re
quire
d fa
ithfu
lnes
s on
the
part
of b
oth
5. C
oope
r not
es th
at L
ewis
’ Voy
age
of th
e D
awn
Trea
der h
as st
rong
pa
ralle
ls w
ith a
num
ber o
f ear
ly m
edie
val w
orks
whe
re th
e se
a vo
yage
w
as to
exp
erie
nce
won
ders
, not
for p
erso
nal o
r im
peria
l gai
n. A
s tim
e w
ent o
n th
e fo
cus o
f the
wes
tern
sea
ques
t cha
nged
, loo
king
mor
e lik
e im
peria
l exp
ansi
on in
Eliz
abet
han
times
.
page
8
Min
as T
irith
Eve
ning
-Sta
r
mal
e an
d fe
mal
e pr
otag
onis
ts.
Con
tinen
tal
rom
ance
s w
ere
mor
e to
lera
nt o
f ad
ulte
ry, b
ut in
Eng
lish
text
s pr
e-m
arita
l se
x w
as u
sual
ly j
ust
that
, pr
e-m
arita
l. T
olki
en i
s tru
e to
for
m i
n le
avin
g se
x ou
t of h
is te
xt.
Rom
ance
lean
s hea
vily
on
true
love
, su
rviv
ing
test
s of
loya
lty, t
o be
eve
ntua
lly r
ealiz
ed in
the
end.
Th
e w
omen
of
rom
ance
did
not
just
sit
pass
ivel
y an
d pi
ne f
or
thei
r kn
ight
, how
ever
- th
ey to
ok a
ctio
n, o
ften
as a
par
t of
an
inte
rlace
d pl
ot.
The
trian
gle
of A
rago
rn, A
rwen
, and
Eow
yn fi
t a
little
unc
omfo
rtabl
y in
to th
is p
atte
rn, b
ut s
ome
of th
e th
emes
of
rom
ance
can
be
seen
: loy
alty
to a
nd s
acrif
ice
for
true
love
, th
e te
stin
g of
the
man
, wai
ting
for o
ne to
pro
ve w
orth
ines
s, an
d a
wom
an d
isgu
ised
as a
war
rior i
n ba
ttle.
F ai
ry l
and,
Faë
rie, i
s se
t ap
art
from
our
wor
ld a
nd
the
bord
er b
etw
een
the
two
is h
azar
dous
. T
he
natu
re o
f fai
ries
and
thei
r wor
ld is
a to
pic
of m
uch
disc
ussi
on i
n ro
man
ce.
In
som
e te
xts
elve
s an
d fa
iries
wer
e a
four
th o
rder
of
bein
gs, n
ot a
ngel
ic, o
r de
mon
ic
(i.e.
falle
n an
gels
) and
not
hum
an.
They
inha
bite
d a
fifth
pla
ce,
not h
eave
n, h
ell,
purg
ator
y or
our
ear
th.
They
als
o se
em to
sit
outs
ide
Chr
istia
n th
eolo
gy.
This
set
-apa
rt w
orld
for
imm
orta
l be
ings
has
obv
ious
par
alle
ls in
Tol
kien
’s le
gend
ariu
m.
Ano
ther
rom
ance
fea
ture
tha
t To
lkie
n in
corp
orat
es i
s th
e qu
est f
or th
e tru
e ki
ng.
Rom
ance
alm
ost a
lway
s su
bscr
ibed
to
the
notio
n th
at th
ere
is o
ne tr
ue h
eir
to th
e ol
d ki
ng.6
The
legi
timac
y of
the
true
heir
is e
ndor
sed
by G
od.
In ro
man
ce th
is
mos
t ofte
n be
cam
e a
plot
ele
men
t whe
n th
e cr
own
was
unj
ustly
se
ized
or t
here
was
con
tent
ion
for t
he th
rone
. In
that
cas
e on
e ha
d on
ly to
find
and
brin
g th
e tru
e he
ir ba
ck fr
om e
xile
; a s
ign
from
God
will
pro
ve w
ho i
s to
be
king
. I
n th
ese
stor
ies
the
chal
leng
e is
fin
ding
the
cha
ract
er o
r ge
tting
him
bac
k to
the
ki
ngdo
m.
In
The
Lord
of
the
Rin
gs,
the
true
king
is
also
hi
dden
and
ther
e is
con
tent
ion
for
the
thro
ne.
Thro
ugh
hero
ic
deed
s th
e rig
htfu
l ki
ng i
s m
ade
obvi
ous.
Lin
eage
and
wor
th
wer
e he
ld se
cret
, but
nev
er re
ally
in q
uest
ion.
6. O
ne e
xcep
tion
was
in E
lizab
etha
n En
glan
d, w
here
this
mot
if fa
ded
due
to th
e ve
ry q
uest
iona
ble
legi
timac
y of
the
Tudo
r cla
im to
the
thro
ne.
Win
ter 2
007
page
17
the
door
and
look
ed o
ut f
or G
reen
Elf,
but
he
was
gon
e.
Said
he
to B
ar, “
May
thou
retu
rn n
ow to
thy
post
, with
than
ks.”
And
he
shut
the
door
. In
to t
he b
edch
ambe
r w
ent
he,
whe
rein
Nim
loth
lay
dr
eam
ing.
H
e lo
oked
on
her
but
a m
omen
t, as
she
lay
in
beau
ty.
But
he
took
him
to th
e he
arth
side
sto
ol, y
et h
oldi
ng th
e ca
sket
. A
nd h
e st
udie
d th
e bo
x:
’Tw
as b
ound
with
tw
igs,
livin
g tw
igs;
and
livi
ng le
aves
did
gro
w th
ere.
’Tw
as o
f api
ece
with
thin
gs G
reen
Elv
en, a
nd D
ior
knew
the
wor
k. H
e w
aite
d bu
t a m
omen
t, in
rev
eren
ce, t
o op
en it
. H
e to
ok h
old
then
of
the
twig
s w
hich
sta
yed,
and
lifte
d up
the
clas
p, c
atch
ing
of h
is
brea
th a
s th
e co
ffer
ope
ned.
Fo
rth c
ame
radi
ance
! S
pilli
ng in
th
e ro
om. And
the
drea
m o
f Nim
loth
wen
t to
Am
an; a
nd s
he s
tood
ga
zing
upo
n w
hich
she
neve
r gaz
ed: u
p, u
pon
Two
Tree
s. B
ut i
n th
at c
offe
r la
y th
e ne
ckla
ce o
f th
e D
war
ves,
whe
rein
was
set
the
Silm
arils
; an
d D
ior
look
ing
upon
it
knew
it
for
a si
gn t
hat
Ber
en
Erch
amio
n an
d Lu
thie
n Ti
nuvi
el h
ad d
ied
inde
ed,
and
gone
whe
re g
o th
e ra
ce o
f Men
to a
fate
bey
ond
the
wor
ld. Lo
ng d
id D
ior
gaze
upo
n th
e Si
lmar
il,
whi
ch h
is f
athe
r an
d m
othe
r ha
d br
ough
t be
yond
ho
pe o
ut o
f the
terr
or o
f Mor
goth
; and
his
grie
f was
gr
eat t
hat d
eath
had
com
e up
on th
em s
o so
on.
But
the
wise
hav
e sa
id t
hat
the
Silm
aril
hast
ened
the
ir en
d; f
or t
he f
lam
e of
the
bea
uty
of L
uthi
en a
s sh
e w
ore
it w
as to
o br
ight
for m
orta
l lan
ds.
Then
Dio
r ar
ose,
and
abo
ut h
is n
eck
he
clas
ped
the
Nau
glam
ir; a
nd n
ow h
e ap
pear
ed a
s th
e fa
irest
of
all
the
child
ren
of t
he w
orld
, a t
hree
fold
ra
ce:
of t
he E
dain
, an
d of
the
Eld
ar,
and
of t
he
Mai
ar o
f the
Ble
ssed
Rea
lm.
[S 2
36]
T w
as n
ow f
ull w
inte
r, an
d in
one
rud
e ha
ll of
sto
ne
upon
Am
on E
reb.
With
in s
tood
Mae
dhro
s, a
mig
hty
Elf
and
dark
, the
eld
est
of F
eano
r. H
e fe
d th
e fir
e w
here
it b
laze
d in
the
mid
st o
f th
is c
old
ston
e ha
ll.
Pow
erfu
l his
sho
ulde
rs, a
rms,
yet o
ne a
rm w
as m
ight
y m
ore,
by
reas
on o
f its
han
d. H
e ha
d bu
t the
one
han
d, h
avin
g lo
st t’
othe
r
page
16
Min
as T
irith
Eve
ning
-Sta
r
And
he
look
ed l
ong
on g
reat
sha
dow
ed p
orta
ls w
here
in o
nce
the
outla
w B
eren
ent
ered
. Th
at o
ne h
ad a
sked
for
Lut
hien
, to
have
her
for h
is m
arria
ge.
Now
, so
thin
king
, wat
ched
this
rain
y El
f. A
nd h
e he
ld h
idde
n in
his
bre
ast a
cur
ious
sm
all c
aske
t.
He
finge
red
of it
s liv
ing
leav
es a
nd tw
igs
with
his
han
d.
Yet
no
w, h
e ad
vanc
ed to
the
door
. In
his
cha
mbe
r th
ere
with
in t
he T
hous
and
Cav
es,
sat
Dio
r El
uchi
l. A
nd d
ream
ing
Nim
loth
lay
upo
n hi
s be
d (a
s th
ough
a b
loss
om w
hite
with
in t
he s
hado
ws
of t
he c
urta
ins)
. Q
uite
stil
l sa
t th
e Lo
rd o
f D
oria
th,
wai
ting
for
he k
new
not
w
hat.
He
sat
wat
chin
g th
ose
flick
erin
gs o
f th
e fir
elig
ht f
rom
th
e he
arth
of
mor
tare
d st
one.
H
e ha
d sa
t ju
st s
o fo
r m
any
nigh
ts, w
aitin
g fo
r he
knew
not
wha
t. A
t la
st t
hen
cam
e th
at g
entle
kno
ckin
g, s
igni
fyin
g so
meo
ne w
ho k
new
the
hour
and
was
loat
h to
dist
urb
his
lord
. W
ent
now
thi
s so
n of
Ber
en t
o th
e ou
ter
cham
ber.
He
was
ca
refu
l the
n to
clo
se th
e do
or b
etw
een,
lest
Nim
loth
sho
uld
be
disc
ompo
sed.
And
Dio
r Ara
nel w
as n
ow w
ithin
the
oute
r doo
r. So
he
open
ed.
The
re b
owed
one
who
sto
od b
y a
man
tled
Elf,
and
drip
ping
. “
Pard
on m
e th
is l
ate
intru
sion
, lo
rd,”
sai
d th
e es
quire
. “Y
et h
ere
is o
ne, a
lord
of
Gre
en, w
ho
wish
es s
peec
h w
ith th
ee.
He
desir
ed n
ot a
cha
mbe
r w
arm
, nor
ga
rmen
ts dr
y, s
uch
as w
e w
ould
giv
e, if
he
but s
o w
illed
. A
nd
he w
ould
not
.”
Said
Dio
r, “
’Tw
ill d
o th
en,
Bar
. T
hou
may
sta
y w
ithou
t the
doo
r, as
we
can
yet h
ave
need
of t
hee.
” Th
en B
ar b
owed
, and
ste
pped
aw
ay.
Cam
e th
e G
reen
El
f in
the
door
, whi
ch th
en D
ior s
hut.
He
look
ed n
ow u
pon
the
mes
seng
er,
and
knew
him
. S
aid
Ara
nel
to h
im,
“You
com
e fr
om a
far,
Lor
d B
arad
. A
nd I
hav
e b
een
a’w
aitin
g.
Som
ethi
ng’s
doi
ng; I
can
not s
ay w
hat.”
N
ow s
wift
ly a
nd i
n si
lenc
e th
at o
ne d
rew
the
cas
ket
forth
from
his
bos
om.
Sayi
ng n
augh
t, he
gav
e it
into
the
hand
s of
Elu
chil.
Y
et, a
gain
in s
ilenc
e, b
owed
that
one
and
left
the
cham
ber
(leav
ing
naug
ht to
sho
w h
e ha
d be
en, s
ave
the
cask
et
in D
ior’
s han
ds, a
nd a
poo
l upo
n th
e fla
gs).
The
lord
sto
od b
ut a
mom
ent l
ooki
ng o
n th
e po
ol a
nd
puzz
ling,
the
cask
et k
nobb
y in
his
han
ds.
Now
he
open
ed u
p
Win
ter 2
007
page
9
Shire
talk
An A
mer
ican
Tolk
ien
Socie
ty L
etter
Colu
mn
I’m
afr
aid
this
surv
ey h
as d
evol
ved
into
a si
mpl
e lis
ting
of p
aral
lels
. G
iven
the
spac
e he
re th
ere
isn’
t the
opp
ortu
nity
to
be m
ore
expa
nsiv
e.
But
I w
ill e
ncou
rage
you
to
do s
ome
expl
orin
g yo
urse
lf.
C
oope
r’s
book
is
a
trem
endo
us
intro
duct
ion
and
deta
iled
surv
ey o
f rom
ance
mot
ifs.
Whi
le s
he
does
n’t
talk
abo
ut T
olki
en v
ery
muc
h, h
er d
etai
led
traci
ng o
f m
otifs
and
the
ir tre
atm
ent
unde
r va
rious
aut
hors
giv
es u
s a
glim
pse
of a
wor
ld th
at T
olki
en k
new
intim
atel
y. R
eadi
ng o
ne
of t
he c
hapt
ers,
and
thin
king
abo
ut t
he p
aral
lels
in
Tolk
ien’
s M
iddl
e-ea
rth l
eads
to
spec
ulat
ion
on h
ow T
olki
en v
iew
ed t
he
impo
rtant
soc
ial
issu
es d
iscu
ssed
in
rom
ance
. H
ow d
oes
Tolk
ien
com
men
t on
thes
e sa
me
issu
es in
the
plot
of T
he L
ord
of th
e R
ings
? T
his
is a
n op
portu
nity
to li
sten
in o
n To
lkie
n’s
dial
ogue
with
the
liter
atur
e of
the
Mid
dle
Age
s. Th
is c
olum
n co
nclu
des
the
six-
part
ser
ies
Dr.
Det
tman
or
igin
ally
agr
eed
to
prov
ide.
Th
e co
lum
n w
ill g
o on
hia
tus,
and
may
ret
urn
on a
n ir
regu
lar
basi
s. M
eanw
hile
, if
you’
ve
mis
sed
any
inst
allm
ents
, al
l ar
e av
aila
ble
onlin
e at
w
ww
.am
eric
anto
lkie
nsoc
iety
.org
I rec
eive
d th
e Su
mm
er-A
utum
n is
sue
of M
inas
Tir
ith
Eve
ning
-Sta
r and
enj
oyed
it, e
spec
ially
the
poem
“Fr
odo’
s D
eliri
um”
by S
arah
Dec
kard
. Sh
e re
ally
wro
te a
wel
l-cra
fted,
rh
ymed
poe
m.
The
first
line
of m
y po
em sh
ould
read
“W
ield
ing
a m
ight
y ax
e,”
not “
Wie
ldin
g a
mig
ht a
xe.”
- M
atth
ew A
nish
Br
ookl
yn N
Y
page
10
Min
as T
irith
Eve
ning
-Sta
r
In th
e H
all o
f Fire
An
Am
erica
n T
olkien
™ S
ociet
y
Poetr
y Fe
atur
e
Thr
ough
Fire
and
Fla
me
I h
ave
falle
n Th
roug
h Fi
re
and
flam
e.
Dow
n to
the
abys
s O
f dar
knes
s, B
ut b
y no
des
ign
of m
ine.
I f
ough
t val
iant
ly,
Aga
inst
foul
C
reat
ure
of sh
eer d
arkn
ess.
It to
ok m
e do
wn,
A
s the
brid
ge b
roke
fr
om b
enea
th m
e.
I fel
l with
it,
Figh
ting
still
, I r
efus
e to
rele
nt.
It w
ill n
ot a
vail
me!
Win
ter 2
007
page
15
Dior
Rec
eives
th
e Silm
aril
Su
san
Dor
man
T w
as a
nig
ht o
f aut
umn,
full
of fa
lling
leav
es a
nd ra
in;
in D
oria
th.
Yet
now
, sin
ce t
he s
layi
ng o
f he
r lo
rd
and
Mel
ian'
s de
partu
re, ’
twas
no
mor
e th
at L
and
of
the
Fenc
e en
chan
ted.
Th
is l
and
was
cha
nged
and
m
ade
to d
win
dle.
And
Mab
lung
, too
, had
die
d in
def
endi
ng th
e ho
ly g
ems
whi
le f
ight
ing
Dw
arve
s in
dee
p M
eneg
roth
, whi
ch
said
Dw
arve
s th
en b
ore
away
. (I
s no
t all
this
tol
d in
Ber
en's
stor
y, a
nd, t
oo, o
f ho
w h
e sl
ew th
e N
augr
im to
gai
n ag
ain
the
Silm
aril?
) Th
us n
ow w
as D
ior E
luch
il, m
eani
ng T
hing
ol's
heir
(who
was
son
of L
uthi
en th
e fa
ir), s
eate
d on
its t
hron
e. T
hus h
e ru
led
in D
oria
th w
ith N
imlo
th, a
prin
cess
of
the
Sind
ar.
And
El
win
g w
as th
eir d
augh
ter.
Now
upo
n th
is n
ight
, with
out
the
Thou
sand
Cav
es, i
t ra
ined
; it r
aine
d. A
nd th
e le
aves
of g
reat
Hiri
lorn
now
ran
with
ra
in, i
n w
hose
bou
ghs
once
dw
elt T
hing
ol's
daug
hter
. R
ain
fell
in r
unni
ng E
sgau
ldui
n, w
here
onc
e D
aero
n, a
nger
ed,
left
his
little
boa
t ben
eath
the
brid
ge.
Rai
n sh
one
in la
mp-
lit p
uddl
es
ther
e up
on t
he b
ridge
and
upo
n th
e ea
ves
of s
tone
on
high
; po
urin
g, p
ourin
g do
wn
the
slat
es.
Thro
ugh
the
se c
old
rai
ns c
ame
one
Elf,
nei
ther
w
eath
ered
nor
way
wor
n (b
eing
lon
g us
ed t
o ra
in a
nd t
rave
l).
He
glis
tene
d w
ith th
e fa
lling
rain
s, as
one
who
dw
elt o
utdo
ors.
E’
en s
o, h
e w
as w
ith q
uive
r, ar
row
s, co
vere
d in
sof
t rai
men
t; a
man
tle b
row
n an
d gr
een.
And
he
felt
the
rain
eve
n th
roug
h hi
s ve
stur
e, a
nd w
as n
ot d
isco
urag
ed.
He
stoo
d up
on s
aid
brid
ge o
f st
one
in p
ools
of
wat
er.
page
14
Min
as T
irith
Eve
ning
-Sta
r
who
is d
isgu
ised
as
Ran
ger i
s per
fect
fo
r thi
s mis
sion
: he
does
not
trus
t hi
mse
lf.
Alth
ough
his
mar
ksm
ansh
ip
is u
nmat
ched
, Leg
olas
co
nced
es: F
rodo
is M
iddl
e-ea
rth’s
be
st sh
ot.
The
rest
kn
ow th
at th
ey c
an
chan
ge th
ings
at e
very
turn
, th
ings
cha
nge.
The
rest
kno
w th
at th
ey c
an
not r
est.
All
know
fr
iend
s sho
uld
liste
n,
and
talk
to e
ach
othe
r, ou
t lou
d, b
ecau
se th
e I c
an b
e de
ceiv
ed.
- Sha
wn
Bow
man
Dwi
mor
berg
Dee
p do
wn
in th
e ca
vern
s of
our
mou
ntai
nous
soul
s al
l men
hav
e ta
ken
an o
ath
to li
fe
- Sha
wn
Bow
man
Win
ter 2
007
page
11
I pos
sess
the
secr
et fi
re!
This
bea
st w
ill n
ever
win
. A
nd so
I sm
ote
it.
And
, now
I la
y. .
. Ex
haus
ted
and
so w
eary
. B
ut n
ow I
feel
my
Stre
ngth
retu
rn.
I’m
now
bei
ng re
fined
. Th
ere’
s mor
e to
do,
M
y ta
sk is
inco
mpl
ete.
- Jon
atho
n Sv
ends
on
Stor
y
Haw
ks ri
de th
e w
ind
abov
e th
e m
ount
ain
Muc
h as
the
eagl
es I
rem
embe
r who
rode
Th
e m
ist t
hat h
ung
to th
e lip
of A
utum
n B
ack
in th
e da
ys o
f the
Thi
rd A
ge.
Chi
ldre
n be
g m
e to
tell
the
stor
y so
on
Then
gat
her i
n ci
rcle
s of t
heir
own
mak
ing
Aro
und
the
appe
tizer
tale
s:
They
test
them
selv
es a
s sto
ryte
llers
W
ith g
uita
rs, f
lute
s, an
d ke
yboa
rds
For b
alla
ds a
bout
tree
s tha
t tal
k
Or s
ongs
in p
rais
e of
a h
earty
pin
t Te
ll us
the
stor
y no
w?
They
’ll h
ave
to w
ait u
ntil
othe
r C
once
rns a
re p
ut a
side
: Th
e di
shes
cle
aned
and
stac
ked
Floo
rs sw
ept,
fires
safe
page
12
Min
as T
irith
Eve
ning
-Sta
r
Then
it’ll
be
dow
n to
the
stat
ues a
t the
wel
l In
the
cent
er o
f tow
n W
here
one
and
all
wai
t, itc
hy a
nd a
nxio
us,
Tell
us th
e st
ory
now
, Gre
at-U
ncle
? H
ere
is h
ow th
e Ri
ng o
f Pow
er c
ame
At la
st to
Fro
do a
nd h
ow h
e an
d G
radf
athe
r Sam
H
ad a
gre
at a
dven
ture
bec
ause
of i
t Is
how
I’ll
begi
n an
d th
e lo
ng n
ight
W
ill ta
ke th
e sh
ape
of a
stor
y A
nd th
e ha
wks
will
atte
nd to
it a
s the
y hu
nt
Abo
ve th
e m
ists
that
han
g O
n th
e ve
ry li
p of
Aut
umn,
A
s in
thos
e da
ys a
t the
end
of t
he A
ge.
- Don
ald
LaB
ranc
he
Ren
uncia
tion
‘I pa
ss th
e te
st,’
she
said
, ‘I w
ill d
imin
ish,
an
d go
into
the
Wes
t, an
d re
mai
n G
alad
riel
.’
“Gal
adrie
l was
wro
ng.
Ren
unci
atio
n Is
not
the
way
to fu
ture
s we
can
bear
. Ex
pans
ion
and
dete
rmin
ed e
xplo
itatio
n A
re h
ow w
e sh
ow th
e st
ubbo
rn w
orld
we
care
. Th
e w
orld
just
doe
sn’t
care
. Y
ou h
ave
to st
are
It
dow
n, a
nd, i
f it s
tare
s bac
k, k
ick
its fa
ce.
If o
f the
se si
mpl
e tru
ths y
ou a
re a
war
e,
Ren
unci
atio
n fin
ds in
you
no
plac
e.
Onw
ard
to b
igge
r, be
tter t
hing
s you
race
. B
igge
r and
bet
ter y
et m
ust y
ou b
ecom
e.
Pret
ty so
on y
ou e
mbr
ace
the
endl
ess c
hase
A
nd se
e th
e lim
ited
as p
retty
dum
b.
Sure
, she
’d h
ave
ceas
ed to
be
Gal
adrie
l. B
ut is
n’t f
ixed
iden
tity
shee
r hel
l?”
- Tom
Rile
y
Win
ter 2
007
page
13
The
Dar
k Kin
g “A
ll bl
ades
per
ish
that
pie
rce
the
Dar
k K
ing.
”
Rin
gwra
ith -
Mor
gul L
ord
Vei
led
in sh
adow
R
idin
g on
a d
ark
blac
k st
eed
Pris
oner
of h
is o
wn
desi
re fo
r pow
er
He
has b
ecom
e a
slav
e of
Mor
dor
Onc
e pr
oud
lead
ers o
f mor
tal m
en
The
nine
ring
s dre
w th
em to
the
Nec
rom
ance
r N
ow th
ey m
ust d
o hi
s bid
ding
Th
e m
ost p
ower
ful o
f the
nin
e rid
es fo
rth
Seek
ing
the
One
W
hich
thei
r sha
dow
y m
aste
r is
sear
chin
g fo
r N
ine
wal
kers
sent
out
aga
inst
th
e N
ine
Rid
ers
The
lead
er o
f the
Dar
k R
ider
s is a
wra
ith tw
iste
d by
lu
st fo
r pow
er
The
nine
wal
kers
hav
e on
e w
ho re
sist
ed te
mpt
atio
n w
ho si
ll so
on b
e dr
esse
d in
whi
te
The
dark
ness
ver
sus t
he li
ght
Thus
it is
now
Th
us it
has
eve
r bee
n - M
atth
ew A
nish
The
Fell
owsh
ip
G
anda
lf kn
ows t
he p
ower
of
pow
er fo
r evi
l. Th
e go
od w
izar
d tru
sts a
ll to
a
hobb
it.
The
Kin
g
