Jolly Grammar 4 Handbook

Created by Fiona Kent for Penneshaw Campus 2016

ng ch sh th qu

Consonant diagraphs

or oo oi er ar

Vowel diagraphs

ai ay a_e

Alternative long ‘a’ vowel sounds

The ‘ai’ sound is usually in the middle of a word. Shy ‘i’ versus the toughy ‘y’. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q6i967gbqhs

ee ea e_e

Alternative long ‘e’ vowel sounds

The ‘ee’ sound is the most common long ‘e’ vowel sound.

ie y igh i_e

Alternative long ‘i’ vowel sounds

oa ow o_e

Alternative long ‘o’ vowel sounds

ue ew u_e

Alternative long ‘u’ vowel sounds

Spelling1Jolly Grammar 4

ch sh th

Consonant diagraphs

babyish gibberishbullish outlandishfiftyish famish

Suffix: ishTurns a noun into an adjective

cheerlesspeerlessmotionless

Suffix: lessMeans ‘without’

bashfulfaithful

Suffix: ful“full of,” “characterized by” ( shameful; beautiful; careful; thoughtful); “tending to,” “able to” ( wakeful; harmful); “as much as will fill” ( spoonful).

fishy stinkysmelly noisyleafy

Suffix: yAdd ‘y’ to a noun to create an adjective

Noun verb pronoun adjective adverb conjunction preposition

To parse a sentence means to identify each part

I loathe fishy anchovy on my pizza.

I loathe fishy anchovy on my pizza.

‘to cook’ is the infinitive tense of the verb

cook is a verb

Verbs describe what is happening in the past, present or future.

We are learning how verbs can be conjugated in two ways: simple or continuous

Simple Tense Continuous Tense

Past I cooked lunch. I was cooking lunch.

Present I cook lunch. I am cooking lunch.

Future I will cook lunch. I will be cooking lunch.

Spelling 2Jolly Grammar 4

to is a preposition too means as well as or alsotwo a number after onefor can be a preposition or conjunctionfoura number after threefore the front part or in fronttheir belonging to someone

there indicates location

Homophones: words that sound the same yet have different spellings and meanings.

they’re the contraction of ‘they are’our belonging to usare a conjugation of ‘be’die a verb meaning deathdye a tint to change colourmail letter posted to another personmale indicates the masculine gender

Homophones: words that sound the same yet have different spellings and meanings.

stake a piece of wood pierced into somethingsteak a particular cut of meatwaste unwanted or left over itemswaist located between the hips and ribs

thyme a herbtime indicates duration or a moment groan a noise when in pain

grown increased or enlarged

Homophones: words that sound the same yet have different spellings and meanings.

air the gases in the atmosphere we breatheheir someone who inherits somethingwaitto pauseweight how heavy something is

bazaar a market place or group of shopsbizarre unusual or out of character

Homophones: words that sound the same yet have different spellings and meanings.

Noun verb pronoun adjective adverb conjunction preposition

To parse a sentence means to identify each part

He will treat Zack to an ice-cream sundae on Sunday.

He will treat Zack to an ice-cream sundae on Sunday.

‘to help’ is the infinitive tense of the verb

help is a verb

Verbs describe what is happening in the past, present or future.

brushed ignoredpainted hummedcollectedwalked

Suffix: edAdd ‘ed’ to a verb to show that the action has already happened

to run ranto see sawto see have seen

Suffix: edSome verbs are irregular and do not have –ed added

We are learning how verbs can be conjugated in two ways: simple or continuous

Simple Tense Continuous Tense

Past I helped my dad. I was helping my dad.

Present I help my dad. I am helping my dad.

Future I will help my dad. I will be helping my dad.

Spelling 3Jolly Grammar 4

tch is usually after a single vowel letter with a short sound otherwise a ch is used

Consonant diagraphs

nch the ‘n’ is hard to hear so listen carefully when sounding and blending

Consonant diagraphs

qu almost sounds like there is a ‘w’ sound so don’t be fooled. There is always a vowel after qu

Consonant diagraphs

wr the ‘w’ is almost silent

Consonant diagraphs

eo makes a short ‘e’ sound in the following words:luncheonpigeon surgeonleopard bludgeon jeopardyescutcheon

Alternatives

a makes an short ‘ar’ sound in some regions:rancher enchantmentdancer graphlance

Alternatives

Adjectives can be made into comparatives or superlatives

comparative superlativecrunchy crunchier crunchiest

fishy fishier fishiest

old older oldest

grand grander grandest

blue bluer bluest

windy windier windiest

cold colder coldest

Noun verb pronoun adjective adverb conjunction preposition

To parse a sentence means to identify each part

I drenched the crunchy lettuce in my lunchbox in French dressing.

I drenched the crunchy lettuce in my lunchbox in French dressing.Note: ‘the’ is a definite article

The subject is usually written before the verb in the sentence.

How to find the subject and object of a sentence.

The object is usually the ‘thing’ the verb acted on and is written after the verb.

subjectMartha

objectbrother

Martha annoyed her brother.