Joints of the Upper Limb How many articulations does the scapula have with the axial skeleton? None.

The only articulation AT ALL that the scapula has is at the Acromioclavicular joint. The clavicle is attached to the skeleton at the SC (sternoclavicular) joint.

Sternoclavicular Joint

-Articular disc-Synovial cavity on either side -Ant/post sternoclavicular ligaments-Costoclavicular ligament, inner clavicular lig’s…-Synovial, plane

Acromioclavicular Joint

-Synovial, plane-Sup/inf acromioclavicular ligaments-Coracoclavicular ligaments: Main stabilizers of the joint: STRONG; conoid/trapezoid ligaments-Fibrocartilaginous articular disc in the A/C joint itself to separate & cusion it-Shoulder separation if coracoclavicular lig’s tear or have lesions in them. -Fibrocartilaginous articular disc- can be in AC joint (small, sup. Region of joint space)

Shoulder Separation: Occurs at the AC joint. ..due to any violent force to the tip of the shoulder3 Grades:Grade 1- AC joint capsule /lig. injuryGrade 2-Coracoclavicular lig’s injured, Tear of AC ligamentsGrade 3-Tear of both AC and coracoclavicular ligaments

Clavicular fracture…medial aspect moves superiorly and lateral aspect moves inferiorly. See radiograph.

Shoulder Joint

-a.k.a. – glenohumeral-Synovial, ball – socket-Glenoid labrum- fibrocartilaginous ring around the glenoid fossa, makes it “deeper” -Transverse humeral ligament- btwn. The two tubercles keeps long head of Biceps In the intertubercular groove. -Coracoacromial ligament- Prevents superior dislocation.

Capsule folds up when you abduct.

Inferior, middle, and superior glenohumeral lig. Are thickenings in the joint capsule that help provide structure to the glenohumeral joint. Inferiorly is the most weak part of the joint. This is why most dislocations move anterior and inferior.

Above: Internal view of the inf., middle, sup. Glenohumeral ligaments. On the Right: The glenoid labrum is on the tip of the glenoid fossa.

suprapinatus

Deltoid m.

acromionSubacromial bursa: allows freedom of mov’t for supraspinatus and deltoid.

S I T S

Shoulder Muscles – Rotator Cuff

Elbow joint-synovial, hinge (movement in one plane)-the joint of the angle differs between the sexes…”carrying angle”: male=~170, female=~167Between the humerus and the ulna.

This is the joint capsule of the elbow. Collateral lig.’s are always on the side of joints, one on radial side and one on the ulnar side. Anular means ring…so the Anular ligament goes around the head of the radius (allows pronation & supination). Radial tuberosity is good for biceps

UCL

Annular Biceps tendon

Proximal joint of Radius/Ulna: As pronate and supinate (near elbow)

Tethers head of radius to the ulna

Proximal Radioulnar Joint-synovial, pivot-annular ligament keeps the radiusAttached to the head of the humerus.

Distal Radioulnar JointWhere radius and ulna meet at the wrist-synovial, pivotBoth styloid processes are distal -articular disc (TFC disc), btwn. Ulna and the wrist

Radial side Pisoform, Then back up and over again. “Some Ladies Try Positions That They Can’t Handle”

Radiocarpal Joint (Wrist)-synovial, ellipsoid (condyloid)-articular disc (TFC disc)

Midcarpal and Intercarpal JointsBetween the carpals-ALL are synovial, plane joints

Carpometacarpal and Intermetacarpal Joints-synovial, plane

1st Carpometacarpal Joint-synovial, saddle (sellar)

Metacarpophalangeal (M-P) Joints-synovial, condyloid

Interphalangeal (I-P) Joints-synovial, hinge (moves in one plane)

PIPDIP