The Skeletal System: Appendicular Division 218/07... · The appendicular skeleton is involved in...

C h a p t e r

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The Skeletal System:

Appendicular Division

PowerPoint® Lecture Slides

prepared by Jason LaPres

North Harris College

Houston, Texas

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.,

publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

Introduction

The appendicular skeleton is involved in

changing your position in the external

environment.

Standing

Walking

Sitting

Dressing

Driving a car

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

Introduction

Figure 7.1 The Appendicular SkeletonCopyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

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The Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limb

The Pectoral Girdle

The Pectoral Girdle

Includes the S-shaped clavicle (collarbone) and the

flattened scapula (shoulder blade)

The clavicle articulates with the manubrium of

the sternum and is the only direct connection

between the axial skeleton and the pectoral girdle.

The scapula is attached to the clavicle anteriorly

but has no connection to the actual axial skeleton;

instead skeletal muscles and ligaments support it.

07ScapClHm_3DROT_3D.mov


Figure 7.3b The Clavicle


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The Upper Limb

The upper limb consists of the

Brachium (humerus)

Antebrachium (ulna and radius)

Wrist (carpals)

Hand (metacarpals and phalanges)

07WhlUprLm_3DROT_3D.mov


Figure 7.6a The Humerus



Figure 7.6b,c The Humerus



Figure 7.6d The Humerus



Figure 7.7a The Radius and Ulna



Figure 7.7b,c The Radius and Ulna



Figure 7.7d The Radius and Ulna



Figure 7.7e,f The Radius and Ulna


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The Wrist and Hand

The Wrist and Hand

The carpal bones are the 8 bones of the wrist.

The metacarpal bones (5) articulate with the distal carpal

bones and make up the palm of the hand.

The 14 phalanges of the hand make up the finger bones.

07WrstHnd_3DROT_3D.mov

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The Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb


The Pelvic Girdle

Supports and protects the lower viscera and

developing fetus in females

The pelvic girdle consists of two ossa coxae

bones.

The bones of the pelvic girdle and lower limb are

much more massive than their homologues of the

upper limb.

07WhlLwrLim_3DROT_3D.mov


Figure 7.10a The Pelvic Girdle (Lateral View)



Figure 7.10b The Pelvic Girdle (Medial View)



Figure 7.11a The Pelvis (Anterior View)



Figure 7.11b The Pelvis (Posterior View)



Figure 7.12a-c Divisions of the Pelvis



Figure 7.12d Divisions of the Pelvis


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The Pelvis

The male and female pelvis contains numerous differences.

Generally the male pelvis is heavier with more prominent markings due to the larger muscles attached to it.

Differences are noted as how the female compares to the male

Enlarged pelvic outlet, due to wider ischial spines

Less curvature of the sacrum and coccyx

Wider, more circular pelvic inlet

Broader, lower pelvis

Widely fanning ilia

Pubic angle greater than 100 degrees

07Pelvis_3DROT_3D.mov


Figure 7.13 Anatomical Differences in the Male and Female Pelvis


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The Lower Limb

Responsible for transferring the body weight to the ground

Consists of the following structures:

The femur (thigh)

The patella (kneecap)

The tibia (leg)

The fibula (leg)

Tarsal bones of the ankle

Metatarsal bones and phalanges of the foot


Figure 7.14a The Femur (Anterior Surface and Medial and Lateral views of Femoral Head)



Figure 7.14b,c The Femur (Anterior Surface and Medial and Lateral views of Femoral Head)



Figure 7.15 The Patella



Figure 7.16b,c The Tibia and Fibula


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The Ankle and Foot

The Ankle and Foot

There are 7 tarsal bones that make up the ankle.

The metatarsal bones (5) articulate with the distal

tarsal bones and make up the arches of the foot.

The 14 phalanges of the foot make up the toe

bones.

07AnklFoot_3DROT_3D.mov


Figure 7.17a Bones of the Ankle and Foot, Part I



Figure 7.17b Bones of the Ankle and Foot, Part I



Figure 7.18a Bones of the Ankle and Foot, Part II



Figure 7.18b Bones of the Ankle and Foot, Part II


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Individual Variation in the Skeletal System

Your skeleton can reveal information about

you, such as your race, medical history,

gender, body size, muscle mass, and age.

As you age, a number of changes and events

take place in the skeletal system

Individual Variation in the Skeletal System


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