Post on 18-Jan-2018
description
Joints Articulations, or joints,
perform 2 functions: Hold bones together Allow rigid skeletal
system flexibility for movement
Can be classified structurally or functionally
Structural Categories: Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial
Functional Categories: Synarthroses Amphiarthroses Diarthroses
Synarthroses Joints Immovable joints Connected by
Sutures (bones interlock)
Syndesmoses (bones connected by ligaments)
Examples: skull, teeth (gomphosis)
Amphiarthroses Slightly movable joints Primarily
Symphyses: bones connected by flat disc (fibrocartilage)
Synchondroses: bones connected by hyaline cartilage
Diarthroses Freely Movable joints All synovial joints are
diarthroses Ball & Socket
Ball shaped head of 1 bone fits cuplike depression of another bone
Ex.: shoulder, hip joints
Diarthrotic Joints Plane/Gliding Joint
Allow sliding movements in 1-2 planes
Ex.: intercarpal/intertarsal joints; vertebrocostal joints
Hinge Joint Convex of 1 bone fits
concave surface of another bone
Ex.: elbow, knee, interphalangeal joints
Saddle Joint Articulating surfaces are
convex & concave Thumb joint
Pivot Joint Round/conical surface of 1
bone articulates with shallow depression in another bone
Allow uniaxial rotation Ex.: Atlas/Axis Joint
Condyloid Joint Oval condyle of 1 bone fits
ellipsoidal depression in another bone
Allows biaxial movement Ex.: wrist joint,
metacarpalphalangeal joint
Joints of the Upper Extremity Shoulder Joint
Glenohumeral Joint Sternoclavicular Joint Acromioclavicular
Joint Elbow Joint
Radiohumeral joint Humeroulnar Joint Radioulnar Joint (x2:
Proximal & Distal)
Wrist Radiocarpal joint Intercarpal joints Carpalmetacarpal joints
Hand Intermetacarpal joints Metacarpalphalangeal
joints Interphalangeal joints
Joints of the Lower Extremity Sacroiliac Joint Coxal (hip) Joint Patellofemoral Joint Tibiofemoral Joint Tibiofibular Joint (x2:
Proximal & Distal)
Ankle/Foot Talocrural Joint Subtalar Joint Intertarsal Joints Tarsometatarsal Joint Intermetatarsal Joints Metatarsophalangeal
Joints Interphalangeal Joints