Post on 14-Feb-2017
JAVA 8 PUZZLERSTHE STRANGE, THE BIZARRE,
AND THE WONDERFUL
whoiam
Developer Advocate @JFrog@jbaruch on the internetz
whoiam
Solutions Architect @Hazelcast@gAmUssA on the internetz
CLICK AND HACK
THE TYPING BROTHERS
BTW,
1. Two entertaining guys on stage2. Funny Puzzling questions3. You think and vote4. Awesome t-shirts fly in the air5. Official twitter handle!
JAVA8puzzlers
FIRST RULE OF THE PUZZLERS:
NO CHEATING!
Watching the puzzlers like… #dafaq
Everything works (or doesn't) in the latest Java 8 update
Broken Eggs Tale
What will be the output?
A. milk/bread/sausageB. milk/bread/sausage/eggs, don’t forget eggs!C. milk/bread/sausage/ConcurrentModificationException
D. ConcurrentModificationException
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();list.add("milk");list.add("bread");list.add("sausage");Stream<String> stream = list.stream();list.add("eggs, don’t forget eggs!");stream.forEach(System.out::println);
Late binding, duh…
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();list.add("milk");list.add("bread");list.add("sausage");Stream<String> stream = list.stream();list.add("eggs, don’t forget eggs!");stream.forEach(System.out::println);
Late binding, duh…
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();list.add("milk");list.add("bread");list.add("sausage");Stream<String> stream = list.stream();list.add("eggs, don’t forget eggs!");stream.forEach(System.out::println);
Going Vegan
What will be the output?
A. milk/bread/sausageB. milk/bread/eggs, don’t forget eggs!C. milk/bread/ConcurrentModificationExceptionD. ConcurrentModificationException
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();list.add("milk");list.add("bread");list.add("sausage");list = list.subList(0, 2); //No sausage, please!Stream<String> stream = list.stream();list.add("eggs, don’t forget eggs!");stream.forEach(System.out::println);
ONE DOES NOT SIMPLY
GIVE UP ON SAUSAGES
Sometimes it’s just a bug…
Execute ’em all
What’s the difference between 1 and 2?
A. 1 compiles, 2 does notB. 2 compiles, 1 does notC. Same same, both work fineD. Same same, both won’t compile
public void killAll(){ ExecutorService ex = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(); List<String> sentence = Arrays.asList("Punish"); ex.submit(() -> Files.write(Paths.get("Sentence.txt"), sentence) ); // 1 ex.submit(() -> { Files.write(Paths.get("Sentence.txt"), sentence); }); // 2}
Semicolons are the evil!
What’s the difference between 1 and 2?
A. 1 compiles, 2 does notB. 2 compiles, 1 does notC. Same same, both work fineD. Same same, both won’t compile
public void killAll(){ ExecutorService ex = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(); List<String> sentence = Arrays.asList("Punish"); ex.submit(() -> Files.write(Paths.get("Sentence.txt"), sentence) ); // 1 ex.submit(() -> { Files.write(Paths.get("Sentence.txt"), sentence); }); // 2}
public void killAll(){ ExecutorService ex = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(); List<String> sentence = Arrays.asList("Punish"); ex.submit(() -> Files.write(Paths.get("Sentence.txt"), sentence) ); // 1 ex.submit(() -> { Files.write(Paths.get("Sentence.txt"), sentence); }); // 2}
@FunctionalInterfacepublic interface Runnable {
public abstract void run();}
@FunctionalInterfacepublic interface Callable<V> {
V call() throws Exception;}
Implicit return
Explicit return
Mad Max
How that will work?
A. Compilation errorB. Runtime ExceptionC. 3D. Something else
System.out.println( Stream.of(-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3).max(Math::max).get());
How about now?
A. −3B. −1C. 0D. Something else
System.out.println( Stream.of(-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3).max(Math::max).get());
How about now?
A. −3B. −1C. 0D. Something else
System.out.println( Stream.of(-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3).max(Math::max).get());
• Math.max(−3, −2) = −2 < 0 −3 < −2, selecting−2• Math.max(−2, −1) = −1 < 0 −2 < −1,
selecting−1• Math.max(−1, 0) = 0 −1 == 0,
keeping−1• Math.max(−1, 1) = 1 > 0 −1 > 1,
keeping−1• Math.max(−1, 2) = 2 > 0 −1 > 2,
keeping−1• Math.max(−1, 3) = 3 > 0 −1 > 3,
keeping−1
Stream.of(-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3).max(Math::max).get()
Let’s upgrade the stack!
What will happen?
A.Maps will switchB.Both will become oldSchoolC.Both will become hipsterD.Really?! That won’t even compile!
Map<String, String> oldSchool = initOldSchoolStack();// oldSchool = {buildTool=maven, lang=java, db=db2}
Map<String, String> proper = initHipsterStack();// proper = {buildTool=npm, lang=javascript, db=elastic}
oldSchool.replaceAll(proper::put);
void replaceAll(BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> function)
V put(K key, V value);
Map interface
oldSchool.replaceAll(proper::put);
void replaceAll(BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> function)
V put(K key, V value);
Map interface
final BiFunction<String, String, String> function = (key, value) -> proper.put(key, value);
for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : oldSchool.entrySet()) entry.setValue(function.apply(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
void replaceAll(BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> function)
V put(K key, V value);
Map interface
final BiFunction<String, String, String> function = (key, value) -> proper.put(key, value);
for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : oldSchool.entrySet()) entry.setValue(function.apply(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
ALL THE LISTS!
MAX
How many lines will be the same?List<String> kitties = Arrays.asList("Soft", "Warm", "Purr");Comparator<String> kittiesComparator= Comparator.nullsLast(Comparator.naturalOrder());
System.out.println(Collections.max(kitties, kittiesComparator));System.out.println(kitties.stream().collect(Collectors.maxBy(kittiesComparator)).get());System.out.println(kitties.stream().max(kittiesComparator).get());
A.All lines the sameB.Two lines the sameC.All differentD.Four different
How about now?List<String> kitties = Arrays.asList("Soft", null, "Purr");Comparator<String> kittiesComparator= Comparator.nullsLast(Comparator.naturalOrder());
System.out.println(Collections.max(kitties, kittiesComparator));System.out.println(kitties.stream().collect(Collectors.maxBy(kittiesComparator)).get());System.out.println(kitties.stream().max(kittiesComparator).get());
A.All lines the sameB.Two lines the sameC.All differentD.Four different
How about now?List<String> kitties = Arrays.asList("Soft", null, "Purr");Comparator<String> kittiesComparator= Comparator.nullsLast(Comparator.naturalOrder());
System.out.println(Collections.max(kitties, kittiesComparator));System.out.println(kitties.stream().collect(Collectors.maxBy(kittiesComparator)).get());System.out.println(kitties.stream().max(kittiesComparator).get());
A.All lines the sameB.Two lines the sameC.All differentD.Four different
List<String> kitties = Arrays.asList("Soft", null, "Purr");Comparator<String> kittiesComparator= Comparator.nullsLast(Comparator.naturalOrder());
System.out.println(Collections.max(kitties, kittiesComparator));
List<String> kitties = Arrays.asList("Soft", null, "Purr");Comparator<String> kittiesComparator= Comparator.nullsLast(Comparator.naturalOrder());
System.out.println(kitties.stream().collect(Collectors.maxBy(kittiesComparator)).get());
List<String> kitties = Arrays.asList("Soft", null, "Purr");Comparator<String> kittiesComparator= Comparator.nullsLast(Comparator.naturalOrder());
System.out.println(kitties.stream().max(kittiesComparator).get());
nullCaught: java.lang.NoSuchElementExceptionCaught: java.lang.NullPointerException
Consistency, yeah.
Mutants
How to cast to a type without declaring it?interface Cat{ default void meow() {System.out.println(”meow ");}}interface Dog{ default void bark() {System.out.println(”woof ");}}
public static void main(String[] args) { class Dogcatimplements Dog, Cat{} test(new Dogcat());}
static void test(Object obj) {def x = (?)obj;x.meow ();x.bark ();
}
How to cast to a type without declaring it?
static void test(Object obj) { // A. Will that work?Dog& Catx = (Dog& Cat) obj;x.meow ();x.bark ();}
static void test(Object obj) { // B. Will that work? ((Consumer<? extends Dog& Cat>)(x -> { x.meow (); x.bark ();})).accept((Dog& Cat)obj); }
static void test(Object obj) { // C. Will that work? Optional.of((Dog& Cat) obj) .ifPresent(x -> { x.meow (); x.bark (); });}
// D. You’re two sick bastards.
interface Cat{ default void meow() {System.out.println(”meow");}}interface Dog{ default void bark() {System.out.println(”woof");}}
public static void main(String[] args) { class Dogcat implements Dog, Cat{} test(new Dogcat());}
How to cast to a type without declaring it?
static void test(Object obj) { // A. Will that work?Dog & Cat x = (Dog & Cat) obj;x.meow();x.bark();}
static void test(Object obj) { // B. Will that work? ((Consumer<? extends Dog & Cat>)(x -> { x.meow(); x.bark();})).accept((Dog & Cat)obj); }
static void test(Object obj) { // C. Will that work? Optional.of((Dog & Cat) obj) .ifPresent(x -> { x.meow(); x.bark(); });}
// D. You’re two sick bastards.
interface Cat{ default void meow() {System.out.println(”meow");}}interface Dog{ default void bark() {System.out.println(”woof");}}
public static void main(String[] args) { static class Dogcat implements Dog, Cat{} test(new Dogcat());}
Bill Gates explains how that works
static void test(Object obj) { // C. Will that work? Optional.of((Dog & Cat) obj) .ifPresent(x -> { x.meow(); x.bark(); });}
Viktor Gamov and Baruch Sadogursky call customer service:
What will be the output?
1. HOTEL ECHO LIMA LIMA OSCAR/ HOTEL ECHO LIMA LIMA OSCAR
2. HELLO / HOTEL ECHO LIMA LIMA OSCAR3. HOTEL ECHO LIMA LIMA OSCAR/ HELLO4. HELLO/HELLO
public class Test { String str;
void run() { str = "hello "; Supplier<String> s1 = str::toUpperCase; Supplier<String> s2 = () -> str.toUpperCase(); str = "Hotel Echo Lima Lima Oscar "; System.out.println(s1.get()); System.out.println(s2.get()); }}
What will be the output?
1. HOTEL ECHO LIMA LIMA OSCAR/ HOTEL ECHO LIMA LIMA OSCAR
2. HELLO / HOTEL ECHO LIMA LIMA OSCAR3. HOTEL ECHO LIMA LIMA OSCAR/ HELLO4. HELLO/HELLO
public class Test { String str;
void run() { str = ”hello"; Supplier<String> s1 = str::toUpperCase; Supplier<String> s2 = () -> str.toUpperCase(); str = ”Hotel Echo Lima Lima Oscar"; System.out.println(s1.get()); System.out.println(s2.get()); }}
What will happen?
1. ConcurrentModificationException2. ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException3. NullPointerException4. No exceptions, all good
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("Arnie", "Chuck", "Slay"));list.stream().forEach(x -> { if(x.equals("Chuck")) { list.remove(x); }});
Java 8 vs Chuck Norris
What will happen?
A. ConcurrentModificationExceptionB. ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsExceptionC. NullPointerExceptionD. No exceptions, all good
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("Arnie", "Chuck", "Slay"));list.stream().forEach(x -> { if(x.equals("Chuck")) { list.remove(x); }});
Here’s why:stream().forEach() spliterator().forEachRemaining()
forEachRemaining checks for mod count once, in the end
Removing element adds null to the end of the array:["Arne", "Chuck", "Slay"] ["Arne", "Slay", null]
On the last iteration if(null.equals("Chuck")) fails with NPE (didn’t get to CME)
Use list.removeIf("Chuck"::equals);
OR ELSE…
RTFM
System.out.println(Optional.of("rtfm").orElseGet(null));System.out.println(Optional.empty().map(null).orElse("rtfm"));
What will be the output?
A.rtfm / rtfmB.rtfm / NullPointerExceptionC.NullPointerException /
NullPointerExceptionD.NullPointerException / rtfm
System.out.println(Optional.of("rtfm").orElseGet(null));System.out.println(Optional.empty().map(null).orElse("rtfm"));
What will be the output?
A.rtfm /rtfmB.rtfm / NullPointerExceptionC.NullPointerException /
NullPointerExceptionD.NullPointerException / rtfm
Conclusions
- Write readable code!- Comment all the tricks- Sometimes it’s a bug- Static code analysis FTW - intellij IDEA!- Rtfm- Don’t abuse lambdas and streams!
- Trust us, we have much more where those came from. - Puzzlers? Gotchas? Fetal position inducing behavior?
- puzzlers jfrog.com
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