Post on 20-Mar-2018
JAPANESE ADAPTATION POLICY AND AMICAF (ANALYSIS AND MAPPING OF IMPACTS UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE FOR ADAPTATION AND FOOD SECURITY) PROJECT PROJECT
Hiroki SASAKI
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Japan
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Japanese Adaptation Polic• Japanese Adaptation Policy
• A new Japan-funded FAO project on climate change and food security
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TRANSITIONAL CHANGE OF ANNUAL AVERAGE TEMPERATURE IN JAPAN (1898 2009)• Temperature anomaly of annual average temperature in Japan is +0.56 .
• On a long-term basis it rises at the rate of approximately 1 13 in 100
(1898-2009)
• On a long-term basis, it rises at the rate of approximately 1.13 in 100 years (statistics of 1898-2009).
• Many of the years that marked record-high temperature are concentrated in the 1990’s and on
T t l f l
in the 1990 s and on.
Transitional change of annual average temperature in Japan (1898-2009)
Temperature anomaly of annual average temperature in Japan
(Notes)
omal
y (
)
Thick line (blue): 5-year interval change of average
Straight line (red): Long-term trend of temperature anomaly
Anomaly figures are of average of 30 years 1971-2000.
Tem
pera
ture
ano
Climate Change Monitoring Report 2009, Japan Meteorological Agency
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GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION FROM AGRICULTURE/FORESTRY/FISHERIES AND FOOD MANUFACTURING
Breakdown of agriculture/forestry/fisheries and food manufacturing in the total greenhouse gas emission
Transition of greenhouse gas emission from agriculture/forestry/fisheries
CH from other
AND FOOD MANUFACTURING
(million t-CO2)N2O from agriculture (approx. 0.8%)
N2O from other than agriculture
CO2 from agriculture/forestry/fisheries
N2O from agriculture/forestry/fisheries
CH4 from agriculture/forestry/fisheries
CO2 from food manufacturing
CH4 from agriculture (approx. 1.2%)
CH4 from other than agriculture
CO2 from non-energy conversion sector
Other gases
Forms of greenhouse gas emission from
CO2 from industrial sector
T t l i i i FY2008
sector
CO2 from energy conversion sector
Forms of greenhouse gas emission from agriculture/forestry/fisheries
CO2 from agriculture and forestry
CO2 from fisheries
CH4 from enteric fermentation of livestock
CH4 f i f i
Total emission in FY2008 1.282 billion t-CO2, of
which the percentage of agriculture/forestry/fisheri
es and food manufacturing was 4.1% (excluding emission from transportation and waste)
CO2 from transport sector
CH4 from rice farming
CH4 from livestock excretion management
CH4 from burning off the fields
N2O from burning off the fields
N2O from agricultural soils
CO2 from agriculture/forestry/fisheries (approx. 0.9%)CO2 from
other sectors
CO2 from domestic sector
CO2 from food manufacturing
Emission in Emission in FY2008 37.23 FY2008 37.23 million tmillion t--COCO22,,(Final figure)(Final figure)
(100%) (100%)
*All converted into CO2
N2O from livestock excretion management CO2 o ood a u ac u g(approx. 1.2%)
Data source:Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (http://www-gio.nies.go.jp/index-j.html)
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CURRENT STATUS OF GLOBAL WARMING ISSUES IN JAPAN(INFLUENCE OF GLOBAL WARMING ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION)
Wet-land rice Fruits Vegetables
Damages on products Changes of suitable place for cultivation
Case of apple
)
Now
National average temperature
rises 3 degrees
2060’s
Wet land rice Vegetables
Poor coloring
rises 3 degrees
Suitable place
Higher than suitable
“Sunburned fruit” of
mandarin
Growth of tomatoPoor (flower, fruit)
Entire Hokkaido will be suitable, while Kanto and further south will be excluded.
Lower than suitable
Normal
mandarin orange
White immature grains of wet-land
rice
“Puffiness” of mandarin orange
rice<<Coloring Coloring
disorder caused disorder caused by warmingby warming>>
orange
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IMPLEMENTATION OF MEASURES TO ADAPT TO GLOBAL WARMING
Agricultural research institute publicizes reports on impacts of global warming and incorporation of
Awareness on impact of warming
impacts of global warming and incorporation of adaptation measures throughout the nation
Establish an examination committee and a support team consisting of specialists and provide advice and guidance
Establishment of an examination committee and a support team consisting of specialists
Advice/Guidance
Technical Support System for Producing Areas
consisting of specialists, and provide advice and guidance to producing areas where impacts of warming are evaluated as severe through local examination Producing areas
・Support for the private sector to develop vegetable species that are resistant to warming
S t f i ti f l t th t t
Support for adaptation measures
・Support for incorporating fog coolers, etc. that prevent disorders of agricultural products caused by high temperature
Fog cooling
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E i ti itt
TECHNICAL SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING AREAS
・ Cooperation by item, issue or block disregarding prefectural borders
Establishment of support teamAnalysis of impacts of global warming on agriculture and their adaptation measures
Identification of producing areas with severe impacts and their issues
Examination committee
Advice and
・ Advice and guidance on strategy development at the prefectural level, etc. and local examination and technical guidance in cooperation with prefecture, etc.
measures issues
Collection and dissemination of information on global warming
guidance
Information on adaptation measures
Information on disorders and
SearchRegistration Conference of Producing Area B(administration, dissemination, research)
Development of the strategy of the producing area
Conference of Prefecture A(administration, dissemination, research)
Development of prefectural strategy
Local examination, technical guidance
measuresphenomenon
Blocks, prefectures
・Impacts of high temperature, etc. on growth, countermeasures, etc.
of the producing area
Producing areaProducing area
Establishment of validation fields
(A l ti f(Accumulation of scientific data)
Producing area A Production area BCountermeasures against white immature grains of wet-land rice
Countermeasures against poor coloring of fruits
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Measures to adapt to global warming 1Wet-land rice
Measures to adapt to global warming 1
Coloring of grapes deteriorates by high temperature,, which damages the product value
High temperature during ripening stage deteriorates the quality by white immature grains, etc.
Fruits
Technology to improve poor coloring of grapes (Aki Queen)Development of “Nikomaru”, a species that ensures high quality appearance even in a high-temperature year
(Name registered in 2005, suitable in a warm or mild place)
Nikomaru HinohikariGirdling treatment improves coloring upon harvest, emphasizes the redness and makes the fruits sweeter.
Normal grain74
White immature grain9
Others17
Normal grain39
White immature grain49
Others12
Girdling treatment
Quality comparison of “Nikomaru” and “Hinohikari” with the same sprouting seasonBreakdown of 100 grains into normal, white immature and othersThere are more normal grains in Nikomaru
Girdling district Non-treatment district
There are more normal grains in Nikomaru(2005 (high temperature), Nagasaki Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station)
<Qualities of Nikomaru and Hinohikari>
They performed the same or higher level as other species in most of the locations of the 4-year experiment which was conducted in Kinki-Kyushu areas, which proves stability against climate and conditions of cultivation.
Source: FY2006 “New Technology in Kinki, Chugoku and Shikoku Areas” Coloring Improvement of grapes cultivated in warm places through combination of girdling and reduction of fruit load
Source: Press release “FY2005 Agricultural Crop Species, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries>, National Agricultural Research Center for Kyushu Okinawa Region
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Measures to adapt to global warming 2
High temperature causes eggplants poor fruitification based on poor flower growth or pollen sterility.
As winter becomes warmer, wheat’s panicle formation and jointing stages are accelerated,
which increases the risk of frost damage
Wheat Eggplant
Development of a parthenogenesis species of eggplant which highly fruitifies even under conditions with high temperature (Anominori).
Development of a wheat species with little fluctuation in jointing stage even in a warm winter (Iwainodaichi)
*Stems of Iwainodaichi (l ft) l l
(Name registered in 2002, suitable place from Kanto to South Kyushu) Applied for variety registration
(left) grow more slowly than other species.
*Therefore, there is almost no risk of frost damage.
Iwainodaichi Chikugoizumi
Anominori is an innovative species that enables to fatten fruits
Health rate
Withering
Health rate and
rate of panicle
Iwainodaichi C ugo u
“Senryo #2# became “stone eggplant” because it didn’t fatten because its
pollen sterilized by high temperature.
Fruits of “Anominori”
Anominori is an innovative species that enables to fatten fruits naturally without pollination (parthenogenesis) and produce fruits without fruit set promotion.
The appearance and taste are also excellent, and it is also possible to grow out of season with artificial heat.
Source: Press release “Development of New Eggplant Species That Can FruitifySource: FY2001 Kanto Tokai Hokuriku Agriculture Information on Research Results
rate
Iwainodaichi Hatsuhokomugi Norin #61
d withering
Source: Press release Development of New Eggplant Species That Can Fruitify Without Pollination or Plant Hormone Treatment”
Source: FY2001 Kanto Tokai Hokuriku Agriculture, Information on Research Results “Advance of the Wheat Crop Period Using “Iwainodaichi” in Aichi Prefecture”
Species development: National Agricultural Research Center for Kyushu and Okinawa Region
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A NEW JAPAN-FUNDED FAO PROJECT ON FAO PROJECT ON CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE AND FOOD SECURITY- PERSPECTIVES OF THE AMICAF PROJECT
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OBJECTIVESO J C S
• To assist developing countries to address climate change assessment and adaptation, to improve food security through a comprehensive frameworkcomprehensive framework.
• This framework would bridge climate change i t t f d I itimpact assessment, food Insecurity vulnerability analysis and livelihood adaptation approachesapproaches.
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PROJECT OVERVIEW• Assessments of Climate Change Impacts and
M i f V l bilit t F d I itMapping of Vulnerability to Food Insecurity under Climate Change to Strengthen Household Food Security with Livelihoods’ Adaptation y pApproaches (AMICAF)
• Total Approved Budget: US$ 2,557,731• Project operation: October 2011-September
2014• Participating countries: The Philippines and one
APEC Economy in Latin America (TBD)
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AMICAF Framework: Addressing the Linkage Between Climate Change and Food Security
Institutional Analysis and Awareness Raising (Step4)
F d I itImpacts of Climate Change on Agriculture
(Step1)
Food Insecurity Vulnerability Analysis
at household level (Step2)
Livelihood Adaptation to Climate Change
(Step3)( p )
Global Guideline for Implementation in other countries
(Gl b l d li )(Global delivery)
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