Jan M. Rabaey, E. Alon, A. Niknejad, B. Nikolic, J. Wawrzynek, P. Wright, R. Brodersen

Scientific Co-Directors Berkeley Wireless Research Center (BWRC)University of California at Berkeley

A Brand New Wireless DayThe Second Decade of BWRC

BEARS 2009, February 12, 2008

10 Years of BWRC

Ultra-low Power Wireless60 GHz CMOS Wireless

Pulse-Based UWB Cognitive Radio

Real-time Prototyping

A Decade of Impact

Start-up companies, numerous best paper awards, alumni’s as leaders in the wireless industry and academia

BWRC – Quo Vadis?

5 Billion people to be connected by 2015 (Source: NSN)

7 trillion wireless devices serving 7 billion people in 2017 (Source: WWRF)1000 wireless devices per person?

[Courtesy: Niko Kiukkonen, Nokia]

EE Times,January 07, 2008

Growth of Wireless to Continue Unabatedly!

Infrastructionalcore

Sensory swarm

Mobileaccess

The Emerging IT Platform

The Birth of Societal IT Systems*:Looking Beyond the Devices

Complex collections of sensors, controllers, compute and storage nodes, and actuators that work

together to improve our daily lives

*Also known as SiS

Making Ubiquitous Wireless Come True

Making Ubiquitous Wireless Come True

7 trillion radios quickly run out of spectrum …

Wireless is notoriously unreliable Heterogeneity causes incompatibilities Most devices energy-constrained

Imagine a Different World

IEEE Proceedings, July 2008

How would you build your wireless network?

The “Aether-Plug” − A World with Unlimited Wireless Bandwidth and Always-On Coverage? The fundamental problem of wireless:

Forced interactionScarcity of spectrum and energy resources

Tech A

Tech B

Tech C

WL 1

WL 3

WL 2

Wireless Today!

Space

The “Aether-Plug” − A World with Unlimited Wireless Bandwidth and Always-On Coverage? Combat interference through better

utilization of resourcesPro-active coexistenceCollaboration

A Transformative Deployment Model :Spectrum as a Dynamically Tradable Commodity

The Connectivity-Brokerage Model

PS

D

Frequency

PU1

PU2

PU3

PU4

Sense spectral environment over wide bandwidth

Reliably detect primary users and/or interferers

Rules of sharing available resources Flexibility to adjust to changing

circumstances C

onfig

urab

le a

rray

RF

RF

RF

Sensor(s)

Optimizer

ReconfigurableBaseband

Cognitive terminal

First Experiment in Cognitive: TV Bands @ 700 MHz(IEEE 802.22)

Pro-active Coexistence

to Enable Dynamic Spectrum Allocation

The Power ofCOLLABORATION

Conventional mindset: Services compete!Adding terminals degrades user capacity

Working together leads to better capacity, coverage, efficiency and/or reliability

Goal: Linear improvement in capacity with the number of users (Gupta/Kumar, Leveque/Tse)

Multi-hop mesh

CollaborativeMIMO

Connective Brokerage: Making Coexistence and Collaboration WorkFunctional entity that enables collection of terminals to transparently connect to backbone network or each other to perform set of services

A Technical as well as Economic Proposition

Tech C

Tech B

Tech A

RepositoryBrokerWL 1,2,3

Policies, Models

Space

Multi-disciplinary projectProposed as NSF ExpeditionIn collaboration with business school,providers and regulators

Making Ubiquitous Wireless Come True

Ever Higher-Data Rates60 GHz Offers Plenty of Free Spectrum, but …• Restricted to Room Size• Takes Watts

Single-carrier LOS

Single-carrier Beamforming

Relaying and Distributed MIMO

Gigabits/sec for Mobiles?Energy-Efficient 60 GHz Personal Area Networking

Fast Data Transfer

Prototype 60 GHz LOS Transceiver

Simple modulation (2 PAM)High bandwidthLow complexity high-speed analogLow speed digital control/calibration

170mW TX mode; 138mW RX

Collaborative Wafer-Scale Radio

1000s of radios and antennas on single or a stack of wafers • Communication channels configurable in range and capacity • Unprecedented opportunities in imaging

Challenges• On-chip antennas with high efficiency• High-speed back-bone communication

link• Wide-area synchronization for

collaborative communications

Making Ubiquitous Wireless Come True

The Sensory Swarm“Adding senses to the Internet”

“Disappearing electronics” Low-cost Miniature size Self-contained from energy

perspective

UCB PicoCube

UCB mm3 radio

True Immersion

Still out of reach

Example: Microscopic Wireless to Power Brain-Machine Interfaces (BMI)The Age of NeuroscienceBMI – The Instrumentation of Neuroscience• Learning about operation of the brain• Enabling advanced prosthetics• Enabling innovative human-machine

interfaces

mm3 nodesremotely powereduWs to 1 mWpower budget

Rethinking the Meaning of Scaling Traditional scaling rules have minor impact in “Mobile

and Sensory Swarm”… Exponentially increasing number of (ultra-)small components

Driven byheterogeneousintegration ofinnovativetechnologies

Passive MEMS Components Provide Selectivityat ULP [Courtesy: N. Pletcher, UCB]

Mechanical Computing [Courtesy: C. Nguyen, UCB]

Relay-Based LogicCourtesy: E. Alon, UCB]

In Summary …