Jan M. Rabaey, E. Alon, A. Niknejad, B. Nikolic, J. Wawrzynek, P. Wright, R. Brodersen Scientific...
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Transcript of Jan M. Rabaey, E. Alon, A. Niknejad, B. Nikolic, J. Wawrzynek, P. Wright, R. Brodersen Scientific...
Jan M. Rabaey, E. Alon, A. Niknejad, B. Nikolic, J. Wawrzynek, P. Wright, R. Brodersen
Scientific Co-Directors Berkeley Wireless Research Center (BWRC)University of California at Berkeley
A Brand New Wireless DayThe Second Decade of BWRC
BEARS 2009, February 12, 2008
10 Years of BWRC
Ultra-low Power Wireless60 GHz CMOS Wireless
Pulse-Based UWB Cognitive Radio
Real-time Prototyping
A Decade of Impact
Start-up companies, numerous best paper awards, alumni’s as leaders in the wireless industry and academia
BWRC – Quo Vadis?
5 Billion people to be connected by 2015 (Source: NSN)
7 trillion wireless devices serving 7 billion people in 2017 (Source: WWRF)1000 wireless devices per person?
[Courtesy: Niko Kiukkonen, Nokia]
EE Times,January 07, 2008
Growth of Wireless to Continue Unabatedly!
Infrastructionalcore
Sensory swarm
Mobileaccess
The Emerging IT Platform
The Birth of Societal IT Systems*:Looking Beyond the Devices
Complex collections of sensors, controllers, compute and storage nodes, and actuators that work
together to improve our daily lives
*Also known as SiS
Making Ubiquitous Wireless Come True
Making Ubiquitous Wireless Come True
7 trillion radios quickly run out of spectrum …
Wireless is notoriously unreliable Heterogeneity causes incompatibilities Most devices energy-constrained
Imagine a Different World
IEEE Proceedings, July 2008
How would you build your wireless network?
The “Aether-Plug” − A World with Unlimited Wireless Bandwidth and Always-On Coverage? The fundamental problem of wireless:
Forced interactionScarcity of spectrum and energy resources
Tech A
Tech B
Tech C
WL 1
WL 3
WL 2
Wireless Today!
Space
The “Aether-Plug” − A World with Unlimited Wireless Bandwidth and Always-On Coverage? Combat interference through better
utilization of resourcesPro-active coexistenceCollaboration
A Transformative Deployment Model :Spectrum as a Dynamically Tradable Commodity
The Connectivity-Brokerage Model
PS
D
Frequency
PU1
PU2
PU3
PU4
Sense spectral environment over wide bandwidth
Reliably detect primary users and/or interferers
Rules of sharing available resources Flexibility to adjust to changing
circumstances C
onfig
urab
le a
rray
RF
RF
RF
Sensor(s)
Optimizer
ReconfigurableBaseband
Cognitive terminal
First Experiment in Cognitive: TV Bands @ 700 MHz(IEEE 802.22)
Pro-active Coexistence
to Enable Dynamic Spectrum Allocation
The Power ofCOLLABORATION
Conventional mindset: Services compete!Adding terminals degrades user capacity
Working together leads to better capacity, coverage, efficiency and/or reliability
Goal: Linear improvement in capacity with the number of users (Gupta/Kumar, Leveque/Tse)
Multi-hop mesh
CollaborativeMIMO
Connective Brokerage: Making Coexistence and Collaboration WorkFunctional entity that enables collection of terminals to transparently connect to backbone network or each other to perform set of services
A Technical as well as Economic Proposition
Tech C
Tech B
Tech A
RepositoryBrokerWL 1,2,3
Policies, Models
Space
Multi-disciplinary projectProposed as NSF ExpeditionIn collaboration with business school,providers and regulators
Making Ubiquitous Wireless Come True
Ever Higher-Data Rates60 GHz Offers Plenty of Free Spectrum, but …• Restricted to Room Size• Takes Watts
Single-carrier LOS
Single-carrier Beamforming
Relaying and Distributed MIMO
Gigabits/sec for Mobiles?Energy-Efficient 60 GHz Personal Area Networking
Fast Data Transfer
Prototype 60 GHz LOS Transceiver
Simple modulation (2 PAM)High bandwidthLow complexity high-speed analogLow speed digital control/calibration
170mW TX mode; 138mW RX
Collaborative Wafer-Scale Radio
1000s of radios and antennas on single or a stack of wafers • Communication channels configurable in range and capacity • Unprecedented opportunities in imaging
Challenges• On-chip antennas with high efficiency• High-speed back-bone communication
link• Wide-area synchronization for
collaborative communications
Making Ubiquitous Wireless Come True
The Sensory Swarm“Adding senses to the Internet”
“Disappearing electronics” Low-cost Miniature size Self-contained from energy
perspective
UCB PicoCube
UCB mm3 radio
True Immersion
Still out of reach
Example: Microscopic Wireless to Power Brain-Machine Interfaces (BMI)The Age of NeuroscienceBMI – The Instrumentation of Neuroscience• Learning about operation of the brain• Enabling advanced prosthetics• Enabling innovative human-machine
interfaces
mm3 nodesremotely powereduWs to 1 mWpower budget
Rethinking the Meaning of Scaling Traditional scaling rules have minor impact in “Mobile
and Sensory Swarm”… Exponentially increasing number of (ultra-)small components
Driven byheterogeneousintegration ofinnovativetechnologies
Passive MEMS Components Provide Selectivityat ULP [Courtesy: N. Pletcher, UCB]
Mechanical Computing [Courtesy: C. Nguyen, UCB]
Relay-Based LogicCourtesy: E. Alon, UCB]
In Summary …