IXTH INTERNATIONAL TERROIR CONGRESS

Bourgogne - Dijon, Champagne – Reims, France

25 -29 june 2012

Mapping intra-plot topsoil diversity of Burgundy vineyards (Aloxe-Corton, France) from very high spatial resolution (VHSR) images

Cartographie de la diversité des états de surface des sols du vignoble bourguignon (Aloxe-Corton, France) par imagerie à haute résolution spatiale.

Emmanuel CHEVIGNY(1), Amélie QUIQUEREZ(1), Christophe PETIT(2), Pierre CURMI(3)

¹ UMR CNRS 6298 ARTEHIS, Université de Bourgogne, 6 Bd Gabriel, F-21000 Dijon, France² UMR 7041 ArScAn, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, 3 rue Michelet, F-75006 Paris, France

³ AgroSup Dijon, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, BP 86510, F-21000 Dijon, France

INTRODUCTIONMATERIALS & METHODSRESULTS & DISCUSSIONCONCLUSION

Introduction

- using very high spatial resolution images (VHSR)- identify and analyse spatial distribution of soil surface characteristics (SSC)- perform a soil typology

Vineyard hillslope of Aloxe-Corton

Objective : Produce an accurate map of soils on the hillslopeAppellation map of Aloxe-Corton vineyard

INTRODUCTIONMATERIALS & METHODSRESULTS & DISCUSSIONCONCLUSION

Study area

=> Transect from upslope to downslope, 1 km length, 80 m width

The hillslope of Aloxe-Corton vineyard

INTRODUCTION

RESULTS & DISCUSSIONCONCLUSION

MATERIALS & METHODS

VHSR Image, resolution < 2cm

5m

1m

20cm

- Unmanned Helicopter DRELIO- Automatic piloting system- Integrated GPS- Flight altitude constant of 70 m

- Digital SLR camera (Nikon D200) with a camera lens of 35 mm- Automatic shooting (2s)

Unmanned helicopter DRELIO(Universities of Lyon 1 and Western Brittany, France)

Very High Spatial Resolution (VHSR) images acquisition

INTRODUCTION

RESULTS & DISCUSSIONCONCLUSION

MATERIALS & METHODS

1) Mosaicking 2) Georeferencing 3) Masking

- Segmentation images- Suppress markers, vinestocks and their shadows

- Reconstruction of VHSR image of plot- Plot clipping

- Amer points acquired with a dGPS on the field- ≈ 1 point/20m

Pretreatements of VHSR images

INTRODUCTIONMATERIALS & METHODSRESULTS & DISCUSSIONCONCLUSION

Mosaic of VHSR images

Principal component analysis (PCA) (ENVI©)

Accentuate reflectance differences of soil surface

Group pixels having similar spectral characteristicsMap soil surface characteristics (SSC)

Unsupervised classification (Isodata) (ENVI©)

Image analysis

3 spectral bands (Red-Green-Blue)

INTRODUCTIONMATERIALS & METHODSRESULTS & DISCUSSIONCONCLUSION

Soil surface samples

Auger holes

- Localisation depending of the different SSC classes

- Surface of 0,25 m2 on a 10 cm depth

- Localisation depending of the different topsoil surface classes near topsoil surface sampling

Unsupervised classification performed on VHSR images mosaic of Aloxe-Corton hillslope and localisation of soil sampling

Physicochemical parameters- stoniness- grain size distribution- soil colour-total carbonate content-oragnic matter content- carbon and nitrogen contents- clay mineralogy

Characterisation of topsoil surface and soil types

INTRODUCTIONMATERIALS & METHODSRESULTS & DISCUSSIONCONCLUSION

Unsupervised classification performed on VHSR images mosaic of Aloxe-Corton hillslope

- 4 SSC differentiated

- Spatial evolution from upslope to downslope

Image classification

- Alternation of SSC in the downslope part of hillslope

Topsoil mapping of Aloxe-Corton hillslope

INTRODUCTIONMATERIALS & METHODSRESULTS & DISCUSSIONCONCLUSION

Physicochemical parameters of topsoil surface

Physical, chemical and mineralogical parameters of topsoil surface classes (Mean and Standard-deviation)

Þ Evolution of soil colour from upslope to downslope: brown soil (SSC 1), reddish-brown soil (SSC 2), strong brown soil (SSC 3 & 4)

INTRODUCTIONMATERIALS & METHODSRESULTS & DISCUSSIONCONCLUSION

- Aim : evaluate topsoil surface classes separability- Different spatial positions of SSC

Classes recognized by images analysis present their own physicochemical parameters

PCA performed on physicochemical parameters of topsoil samples

Physicochemical parameters of soil surface characteristics

INTRODUCTIONMATERIALS & METHODSRESULTS & DISCUSSIONCONCLUSION

Topsoil surface classes and soil types

SSC 1 (5 auger holes)Þ Calcosol; Þ silty clay; Þ variable depth (50-150cm); Þ developped on a marly-limestone formation

SSC 2 (3 auger holes)Þ Calcosol;Þ clay texture;Þ deep (60cm); Þ developped on hard limestone

SSC 3-4 upper (3 auger holes)Þ CalcisolÞ silty clay textureÞ very deep soils (>180cm);Þ developped on chert clays

SSC 3-4 bottom (2 auger holes)Þ Calcosol;Þ silty-clay texture;Þ very deep (>150cm);Þ with a colluvium surface;Þ developped on marls

Auger holes of SSC 3-4 upper

200

cm

Auger holes of SSC 1

110

cm

Auger holes of SSC 2

60 c

m

Auger holes of SSC 3-4 bottom

150

cm

Þ 4 topsoil surface classes Þ 4 types of soilÞ relation between SSC/soil type not easy for colluviom area

INTRODUCTIONMATERIALS & METHODSRESULTS & DISCUSSIONCONCLUSION

Factor controlling spatial distribution of SSC

Alternanation of SSC in the downslope part of hillslope

Influence of soil management practices

INTRODUCTIONMATERIALS & METHODSRESULTS & DISCUSSIONCONCLUSION

SSC limit = change of lithology

Subsoil influence (geology)

Synthetic geological cross-section of study area

Factor controlling spatial distribution of SSC

Geological map of Beaune (BRGM)

INTRODUCTIONMATERIEL & METHODERESULTATS & DISCUSSIONCONCLUSION

Conclusions

2) Simply and efficient method=> define soil surface characteristics diversity into vineyard context=> spatialise with precision this diversity

3) Association with local soil samples=> define vineyard soil typology=> carry out a spatial distribution of soil types

1) Innovative approach in burgundy=> Côte de Nuits and Côte de Beaune=> Overview of soil diversity across

Burgundy

INTRODUCTIONMATERIALS & METHODSRESULTS & DISCUSSIONCONCLUSION

Prospects

PCA and unsupervised classification performed on an orthophotograph of Aloxe-Corton hillslope (Orthophotograph source IGN, 2006)

Expand to hillslope scale Mapping at large scale

INTRODUCTIONMATERIALS & METHODSRESULTS & DISCUSSIONCONCLUSION

Prospects

VHSR images mosaic and unsupervised classification

Expand to plot scale Making zonage, precision viticulture

Orthophotograph of the plot (IGN, 2002)

Thank you for your attention