IX TH INTERNATIONAL TERROIR CONGRESS Bourgogne - Dijon, Champagne – Reims, France 25 -29 june 2012...

IXTH INTERNATIONAL TERROIR CONGRESS

Bourgogne - Dijon, Champagne – Reims, France

25 -29 june 2012

Mapping intra-plot topsoil diversity of Burgundy vineyards (Aloxe-Corton, France) from very high spatial resolution (VHSR) images

Cartographie de la diversité des états de surface des sols du vignoble bourguignon (Aloxe-Corton, France) par imagerie à haute résolution spatiale.

Emmanuel CHEVIGNY(1), Amélie QUIQUEREZ(1), Christophe PETIT(2), Pierre CURMI(3)

¹ UMR CNRS 6298 ARTEHIS, Université de Bourgogne, 6 Bd Gabriel, F-21000 Dijon, France² UMR 7041 ArScAn, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, 3 rue Michelet, F-75006 Paris, France

³ AgroSup Dijon, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, BP 86510, F-21000 Dijon, France

INTRODUCTIONMATERIALS & METHODSRESULTS & DISCUSSIONCONCLUSION

Introduction

- using very high spatial resolution images (VHSR)- identify and analyse spatial distribution of soil surface characteristics (SSC)- perform a soil typology

Vineyard hillslope of Aloxe-Corton

Objective : Produce an accurate map of soils on the hillslopeAppellation map of Aloxe-Corton vineyard


Study area

=> Transect from upslope to downslope, 1 km length, 80 m width

The hillslope of Aloxe-Corton vineyard

INTRODUCTION

RESULTS & DISCUSSIONCONCLUSION

MATERIALS & METHODS

VHSR Image, resolution < 2cm

5m

1m

20cm

- Unmanned Helicopter DRELIO- Automatic piloting system- Integrated GPS- Flight altitude constant of 70 m

- Digital SLR camera (Nikon D200) with a camera lens of 35 mm- Automatic shooting (2s)

Unmanned helicopter DRELIO(Universities of Lyon 1 and Western Brittany, France)

Very High Spatial Resolution (VHSR) images acquisition

INTRODUCTION

RESULTS & DISCUSSIONCONCLUSION

MATERIALS & METHODS

1) Mosaicking 2) Georeferencing 3) Masking

- Segmentation images- Suppress markers, vinestocks and their shadows

- Reconstruction of VHSR image of plot- Plot clipping

- Amer points acquired with a dGPS on the field- ≈ 1 point/20m

Pretreatements of VHSR images


Mosaic of VHSR images

Principal component analysis (PCA) (ENVI©)

Accentuate reflectance differences of soil surface

Group pixels having similar spectral characteristicsMap soil surface characteristics (SSC)

Unsupervised classification (Isodata) (ENVI©)

Image analysis

3 spectral bands (Red-Green-Blue)


Soil surface samples

Auger holes

- Localisation depending of the different SSC classes

- Surface of 0,25 m2 on a 10 cm depth

- Localisation depending of the different topsoil surface classes near topsoil surface sampling

Unsupervised classification performed on VHSR images mosaic of Aloxe-Corton hillslope and localisation of soil sampling

Physicochemical parameters- stoniness- grain size distribution- soil colour-total carbonate content-oragnic matter content- carbon and nitrogen contents- clay mineralogy

Characterisation of topsoil surface and soil types


Unsupervised classification performed on VHSR images mosaic of Aloxe-Corton hillslope

- 4 SSC differentiated

- Spatial evolution from upslope to downslope

Image classification

- Alternation of SSC in the downslope part of hillslope

Topsoil mapping of Aloxe-Corton hillslope


Physicochemical parameters of topsoil surface

Physical, chemical and mineralogical parameters of topsoil surface classes (Mean and Standard-deviation)

Þ Evolution of soil colour from upslope to downslope: brown soil (SSC 1), reddish-brown soil (SSC 2), strong brown soil (SSC 3 & 4)


- Aim : evaluate topsoil surface classes separability- Different spatial positions of SSC

Classes recognized by images analysis present their own physicochemical parameters

PCA performed on physicochemical parameters of topsoil samples

Physicochemical parameters of soil surface characteristics


Topsoil surface classes and soil types

SSC 1 (5 auger holes)Þ Calcosol; Þ silty clay; Þ variable depth (50-150cm); Þ developped on a marly-limestone formation

SSC 2 (3 auger holes)Þ Calcosol;Þ clay texture;Þ deep (60cm); Þ developped on hard limestone

SSC 3-4 upper (3 auger holes)Þ CalcisolÞ silty clay textureÞ very deep soils (>180cm);Þ developped on chert clays

SSC 3-4 bottom (2 auger holes)Þ Calcosol;Þ silty-clay texture;Þ very deep (>150cm);Þ with a colluvium surface;Þ developped on marls

Auger holes of SSC 3-4 upper

200

cm

Auger holes of SSC 1

110

cm

Auger holes of SSC 2

60 c

m

Auger holes of SSC 3-4 bottom

150

cm

Þ 4 topsoil surface classes Þ 4 types of soilÞ relation between SSC/soil type not easy for colluviom area


Factor controlling spatial distribution of SSC

Alternanation of SSC in the downslope part of hillslope

Influence of soil management practices


SSC limit = change of lithology

Subsoil influence (geology)

Synthetic geological cross-section of study area

Factor controlling spatial distribution of SSC

Geological map of Beaune (BRGM)

INTRODUCTIONMATERIEL & METHODERESULTATS & DISCUSSIONCONCLUSION

Conclusions

2) Simply and efficient method=> define soil surface characteristics diversity into vineyard context=> spatialise with precision this diversity

3) Association with local soil samples=> define vineyard soil typology=> carry out a spatial distribution of soil types

1) Innovative approach in burgundy=> Côte de Nuits and Côte de Beaune=> Overview of soil diversity across

Burgundy


Prospects

PCA and unsupervised classification performed on an orthophotograph of Aloxe-Corton hillslope (Orthophotograph source IGN, 2006)

Expand to hillslope scale Mapping at large scale


Prospects

VHSR images mosaic and unsupervised classification

Expand to plot scale Making zonage, precision viticulture

Orthophotograph of the plot (IGN, 2002)

Thank you for your attention

IX TH INTERNATIONAL TERROIR CONGRESS Bourgogne - Dijon, Champagne – Reims, France 25 -29 june 2012...

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