Post on 27-Dec-2015
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NetClear
The Future of Structured Cabling
A look into the next 10-15 years of Cabling Infrastructure Technology
2 BICSI RCDD, 2 NTS, 2 INSTALLER CREDITS
Britt Johnson
Berk-Tek Western Regional Manager
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NetClearTopics
The future for Fiber Optic Cabling Existing fiber options Upcoming IEEE standards The effects of the IEEE standards on fiber infrastructure Conclusions
The future for Copper Network Cabling Noise and copper cable plants Upcoming technology
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NetClearFiber Design Options
Three Physical Configuration Options Field Terminated Cables and Connectors
Traditional installation method
Pre-terminated Cable Assemblies Lowers total installation costs Improved termination performance
Cassette based connectivity High density terminations Quick installation time
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NetClearCassette based solution
MTP/MPO connector factory terminated on a 12 fiber cable
Assembly connects to cassettes with choice of connectors
Allows for speed of install, re-usability, flexibility
Popular in data center environments
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NetClearFiber Options
62.5 um Multi-Mode 160 MHz 200 MHz 500 MHz
Single Mode Fiber SMF-28 Low Water Peak
50 um Multi-Mode 500 MHz (OM 2) 700 MHz 2000 MHz (OM 3) 4700 MHz 4900 MHz
• Higher bandwidth glass will lengthen the distance an application works
• “Excess bandwidth” can apply to reducing link loss budget
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NetClearBandwidth and distance
Berk-Tek Description:
Enhan
50/125 FDDI(ZB)
50/125 GIGAlite *
(LB)
50/125 GIGAlite10 *
(EB)
50/125 GIGAlite10-FB *
(FB)
50/125 GIGAlite10-XB *
(XB)
ISO/IEC
OS1 OM 2 Exceeds OM 2 OM 3 Exceeds OM 3 Exceeds OM 3
Minimum Bandwidth (MHz•km) @ 850 nm
N/A 500 MHz 700 MHz 2000 MHz 4700 MHz 4900 MHz> 20
10GbE Transmission distance (meters) @ 850 nm
> 10 82 150M 300M 550M 600M
50 um Fiber bandwidth and distance
1210M550M 1040M
1 GbE Transmission distance (meters) @ 850 nm 750M 1000M
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NetClearStandards Organizations
Technology advances come from Standards groups IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Electronics Vendors ISO 11801 European Version of IEEE TIA Cabling Vendors
Vision into IEEE/ISO 11801 will provide roadmap for direction of cabling infrastructure
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NetClearHigh Speed Roadmap
Higher Speed Ethernet Market Adopters
08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 15 16 17
Internet eXchanges running 10 Gb/s ISP Backbones connecting 10 Gb/s Content Providers wanting to push more to users
ISP AggregationHigh Performance Computing (HPC) Large Enterprise Data Centers
Campus BackbonesCorporate BackbonesCorporate Data Centers
Year 20--
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NetClearProject Number: P802.3ba
5.5 Need for the Project: The project is necessary to provide a solution for applications that have been demonstrated to need bandwidth beyond the existing capabilities. These include data center, internet exchanges, high performance computing and video-on-demand delivery. Network aggregation and end-station bandwidth requirements are increasing at different rates, and is recognized by the definition of two distinct speeds to serve the appropriate applications.
High Speed Study Group (HSSG) to focus on providing a data center oriented solution
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NetClearHSSG Development Plan
CFITF
Review WG
Ballot
Sponsor Ballot Standard
StudyGroup
J F M A M J J A S O N D2007
J F M A M J J A S O N D2008
Task Forceapproved
D1.0BaselineProposal
D2.0 Last
Feature
D3.0Last
Technical Change
J F M A M J J A S O N D2009
J A S O N D2006
J F M A M 2010
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NetClearHigh Speed Study Group
IEEE 802.3ba (HSE) objectives from a cabling perspective: Support 40G and 100G:
At least 1m over a backplane At least 10m on copper cabling (twinax) At least 100m on OM3 (2000 MHz MM glass) At least 10km on SMF (metro and enterprise) At least 40km on SMF (long-haul)
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NetClear100M over OM3 fiber
Discussion Points Transmission method
Impact on number of fiber strands Connector types
Distances at 40G and 100G What happened to OM2 fiber? Single-Mode VS Multi-mode Preparing for 40G/100G today
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NetClear
Transmission Method
•12 x 10 Gb/s•Two 12 fiber ribbons/MPO
MM 1G/10G uses Serial transmission scheme1 fiber dedicated Tx, 1 fiber Rx
40G/100G to use parallel transmission10 fibers at 10G ea. Tx10 fibers at 10G ea. Rx
12F MTP/MPO connector 24 fiber MM cable Possible 12F solution using CWDM
12 Channel Duplex100 Gb/s 850 VCSEL Array
12 Channel Duplex2 Lambda
•2 x 6 x 10 Gb/s•One 12 fiber ribbon/MPO
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NetClearMulti fiber connector
MTP is only viable connector option as this point in time
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NetClearTransmission method
SM option will likely use Coarse Wave Division Multiplexing 4 lasers combined into one
fiber 1 fiber Tx, 1 fiber Rx 2 fibers total
40G/100G lasers do not exist and will be too expensive
Low water peak SM fiber better suited to CWDM
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NetClear
Wavelength (nm)
wavelength (nm)E
0
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.2
1300 1400 1500 1600
Lo
ss (
dB
/km
)
O LCS
Conventional SM Fiber
Lower lossLower loss
Low/Zero water peak fiber
Enables Full-Spectrum CWDMEnables Full-Spectrum CWDM
Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (20 nm spacingITU-T G.694.2)
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NetClear
Distances
LED’s used in lower speed fiber transmissions (100 Mb/s)
VCSEL’s (low cost laser’s) replace LED’s at 1 GB/s speeds and up
VCSEL’s have a non-uniform power dispersion
Encircled Power 3D Power map
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NetClearDistances
VCSEL
DMD causes bit errors. Power concentrated in many modeswith high delay, causes split pulse
Power in high DMD modes relatively low, causes secondary pulse very low amplitude, overall pulse detectable as one.
LEDAll Modes
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NetClearDistances
Manufacturing process for parallel transmission contains a high scrap rate Mounting 12 VCSEL’s on wafer difficult
Manufacturer’s want to loosen specification Spectral width Encircled flux
Looser VCSEL specification increase the effects of DMD Higher DMD results in less distance OM2 distance with new VCSEL’s is too short OM3 becomes minimum bandwidth fiber
OM4 to be included in standards (4500 Mhz or 500M at 10G)
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NetClearOM4 fiber (OM-3+)
Targeting a bandwidth of 4500 MHz Distance at 10G 500M Targeting a distance of over 200M for 40/100G Berk-Tek sells the current maximum fiber bandwidth at
4900 MHz. GigaLite 10XB fiber for 600M at 10G Best shot at longer distance 40G/100G
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NetClearSingle-Mode VS Multi-mode
Single Mode CWDM SystemsWork continues to define technical and economic feasibility of designs being
considered Pro: Low cable cost Con: High Transceiver cost & development required
OM3 Multimode Parallel Systems10 Gb/s VCSELS and fiber are already available Pro: Low cost, readily available parts Con: High cable cost and sensitivity to length
Traditionally, cost of electronics drive cost comparisons between MM and SM Preliminary cost analysis for MM suggests lower cost up to ~200 meters
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NetClearSpecifying for 40G/100G
Specify low loss solutions Berk-Tek/Ortronics performance above the standards
Lower loss for channel or More connection points or Longer distances
Ortronics low loss MTP cassettes .5 dB premium performance cassettes
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NetClearSpecifying for 40/100G
Use smaller OD cables Ribbon cables too big and bulky
New 48F MDP Cable (0.231” OD)
24F (0.189” OD)48F Stacked Ribbon Cable (0.520” OD)
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NetClear
Comparison: MDP to Ribbon
Fiber
Count MDP Ribbon MDP Ribbon MDP Ribbon
12 0.160 0.52 2.4 7.8 9 16824 0.189 0.52 2.8 7.8 14 16836 0.231 0.52 3.5 7.8 19 16848 0.231 0.52 3.5 7.8 20 16872 0.274 0.52 4.1 7.8 28 168
DIAMETER (in) MIN BEND RADIUS (in) WEIGHT (lbs/1000ft)
New 48F MDP Cable (0.231” OD)
48F Stacked Ribbon Cable (0.520” OD)
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NetClearSpecifying for 40/100G
Use highest bandwidth fiber to insure longest length/ lowest loss budget 150M at 10G (700 MHz) is out of standard 300M at 10G (2000 MHz) is 100M at 40G 550M at 10G (4500 MHz) is >100M at 40G 600M at 10G (4900 MHz) gives customer best shot
Only available from OFS glass
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NetClearMandrel (Inert)
OVD Soot Deposition•All Soot layers deposited prior to sintering
•Density decreases as boule becomes larger
•Soot exposed to contamination
OVD Torch
Initial layers have high
density
Gas Mixture
Traditional OVD Deposition Process
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NetClear
OVD Drying/Sintering Process
•Soot sintered to form glass
•GeO2 redistribution by Cl2 and density variations cause index profile deformation
•Void collapses causing index variation with possible defects at center
Mandrel removed
Drying/Sintering Furnace
Initial layers can now have cracks, defects
1100-1500 oC
Gas Mixture (Cl2)
Void left
Furnace
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NetClearDistances
•Each layer sintered prior to deposition of the next layer
•Inside process is immune to contamination
Results in superior control of Refractive Index Profile Results in superior control of Refractive Index Profile (therefore DMD & BW), Attenuation, Geometry(therefore DMD & BW), Attenuation, Geometry
CladCore
End View
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NetClearThe Future for Copper
No current IEEE work in progress on 40G copper Manufacturer’s and research institutions have
begun preliminary modeling Berk-Tek and University of PA Transceiver manufacturer’s
Possible to look at UTP/FTP technology and draw reasonable conclusions about copper roadmap
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NetClearCopper Cabling Technology
Cabling design is all about reducing the impact of noise on the signal Maximize signal strength Decrease noise
Cables can reduce noise Twist rate, insulation, separation, precision reduce
internal noise Consistency and precision of manufacturing process and
shielding can reduce external noise
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NetClearInternal noise in cables
Internal Noise is unwanted signals jumping from one pair to an adjacent pair NEXT, FEXT, ELFEXT, PSNEXT, PSELFEXT
The higher the application speed the less noise the system can handle Higher speed Ethernet (1G and 10G) must use sophisticated internal noise
cancellation techniques Can internal noise at 40G be reduced enough for UTP cable?
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NetClearExternal Noise Sources
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) Narrow spikes of voltage Generated by copy machines, air conditioning units, elevators, etc.
Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) Conflicting frequencies with Ethernet (60-120 MHz)
Alien cross-talk Unwanted emissions from cable to cable in a bundle Same pair-pair (white –blue) alignments in separate cables coupling
unwanted emissions
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NetClear
Precise manufacturing of the pairs will allow a cable to absorb some external noise Concentricity of conductors and strand Even application of dielectric material Consistent twist pattern
Measured as LCL, ELTCL (cable balance) Efficient at reducing EMI and RFI to
acceptable levels
Cable Balance
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NetClear
Data Competency Center supporting tests
EFT, RFI, Temperature, transceiver variability, 10G modeling, maximum distances 10GBase-SR, proximity to power, etc.
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NetClearEFT Test
90 M of 5e, 5E, 6 installed in wiremold raceway with 0” separation from power cable
Haefley generator introduced EFT pulses increasing to 1000V
Etherpeak generated Gigabit Ethernet traffic and measured packet loss
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NetClear
250 3
50 450 550 650 750 850 950
0.000E+00
5.000E-04
1.000E-03
1.500E-03
2.000E-03
2.500E-03
3.000E-03
3.500E-03
FrameErrorRatio
EFT Noise Voltage
CAT6 Sample 1 CAT6 Sample 2 CAT5e Sample 3 CAT5e Sample 1 CAT5e Sample 2 Unbalanced CAT5e
Cable Performance Under EFT’s
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NetClearExternal Noise and UTP
Alien Crosstalk Crosstalk (noise) occurring between
adjacent cables in a bundle Occurs at Near End of cable plant
(ANEXT) Occurs at Far End of cable plant
(AELFEXT)
High speed cabling design tries to reduce Alien Crosstalk Higher twist rates Separation (larger sizes and lays)
Result is a larger OD cable
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NetClearExternal Noise
Two options for reducing external noise
Shielding
Spacing
Cat 6 Cat 6a
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NetClear
ANEXT and AFEXT VS TIA FTP and UTP
•FTP shows greater margin over TIA than 6A, especially at higher frequencies.
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NetClearShielded (FTP) cable design
Two approved versions FUTP or FTP (Class E)
IEEE requirements TIA requirements
6AFTP
Category 7 (Class F) ISO 11801 European Individually shielded pairs
with an overall braid
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NetClearRecap key points for UTP
UTP cable is all about signal strength VS Noise Noise is external and internal
The higher the application speed, the less tolerance for noise Internal noise can be cancelled to acceptable levels External noise a major design hurdle
Spacing and shielding have been used to push UTP cable to 100M at 10G
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NetClearCopper Cabling
Cable Type:
Enhan
Category 5e
Category 6
Category 6FTP
Category 6A
Category 7
AWG sizeOS 24 23 23 23 22
Shieldingno no yes, overall no
yes, each pair plus overall
Frequency RatingN/ 100 MHz 250 MHz 500 MHz 500 MHz 600 MHz
Ability to reduce internal noise fair good good high very high
Ability to reduce external noise low fair very high high very high> 20
10GbE Transmission distance
> 10 n/a
55M if criteria met 100M 100M 100M
Copper Cable Types
100M100M 100M1 GbE Transmission distance 100M 100M
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NetClearThe future for cable
40G over copper 2000 MHz frequency Extremely low noise tolerances
Technology not available today to make UTP work
Some type of shielded cable likely for 100M operation
Characterized to high frequency Multiple shielding Heavier gauge wire Thicker insulation
Why did I ever switch from IBM Type 1!
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NetClear
The future for outlets
8 top contacts100% RJ45 compatible
4 new contactsFor >600MHz
Switch mechanismOnly 8 contacts at a time
2 Pairs on top2 Pairs on bottom
600 MHz
4 Pairs on top250 MHz
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NetClear
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100M 1G 10G 40G 100G
Mill
ion
sServer Trends:Ethernet Ports
Source: Intel & Broadcom (April 2007)
10-15 year transition for 1G Ethernet
x86 Servers by Ethernet Connection Speed (40G and 100G)
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NetClearFiber and Copper review
Changes in current fiber standards development process will affect fiber cable plant designs for 40G Parallel transmission technology
24 strands per node MTP/MPO connection styles
Changes in transceiver manufacturing to drive increases in glass bandwidth
OM3 at a minimum at 100M
Copper roadmap is a long time out UTP technologies may be challenged Some type of shielded technologies likely 10G cabling today will last 10-15 years
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NetClear
Higher speeds = less noise tolerance
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-2 -1 0 1 21000B
aseT
Eth
ern
et P
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to
co
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Transmit Voltages w ith Transition Levels
5 state(PAM5) (-2,-1,0,1,2)Transition
Transition
-2 -1 0 1 2 100B
aseT
Eth
ern
et P
ro
to
co
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Transmit Voltages w ith Transition Levels
3 state(MLT3) (-1,0,1)
0 2
10B
aseT
Eth
ern
et P
ro
to
co
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Transmit Voltages with Transition Levels
2 state (0,1)
Reduced State to State Voltage Increases Sensitivity and Error Generation
Source: Agilent
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NetClearEnterprise Cabling Drivers
Distance Up to 100M for copper Up to 300M for fiber
Price Electronics costs
Copper lowest cost option MM fiber next lowest cost option SM fiber highest cost option
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NetClearHow will it be transmitted?
MM 1G/10G uses Serial transmission scheme 1 fiber dedicated Tx 1 fiber dedicated Rx
Likely that 40G/100G will move to a parallel scheme 10 fibers at 10G ea. Tx 10 fibers at 10G ea. Rx
12F MTP/MPO connector 24 fiber MM cable
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NetClearPreparing for 40G/100G
Specify OM3 at minimum OM4 (4500 Mhz minimum) as an option Add SM (low water peak) to cables
Data center design around 100M max lengths Be aware of higher fiber count requirements
2 fibers per link becomes 24 fibers MTO/MTP connectors will likely become standard
interfaces