Iowa Infiltration and Ksat StudiesCosby et al. (1984) Brakensiek et al. (1984) Rawls & Brakensiek...

Iowa Infiltration and Ksat

Studies

Thanos Papanicolaou and Lee BurrasIIHR ‐

Hydroscience

& Engineering

The University of Iowa

Dept. of Agronomy Iowa State University

Waterscape

Soilscape

Definition

• Hydraulic conductivity can be defined as a measure of the ability of soil to transmit water. At steady state, this parameter is denoted as Ksat

and assumed to be constant for a given

space and time within a soil continuum.

Objective

Long term objective: PTFs

Tranfer

Functions

)1(46.11)100(0086.0265.0 75.08.1 aCECsandK sat −−−−−−++−= −

For clay content ≤

For clay content > 40%

)1(0066.0 )/44.2( beK claysat −−−−−−−=

sand and clay are the fractions (%) of sand and clay, and CEC (meq/100g)

is the cation

exchange capacity of the soil.

Long term objective

Knowing the range of variability of key dynamic parameters

Such as Ksat will allow us to assess the role of human-impacts on soil quality

Clear Creek Experimental Watershed: WATERSClear Creek Experimental Watershed: WATERS

Clear Creek

Clear CreekClear Creek

Nowhere is this program more appropriate than in Iowa, which is under

increasing pressure to compromise its fragile soil and water assets to

maximize agricultural production of all available land.

Approach

Instrumentation

The automated Amoozemeter

and DRI

Amoozemeter

Principle: Capacitance changes linearly with water column HEIGHT of the Amoozemeter.

Goal: Develop a DATA‐LOGGER to record the change of the capacitance with time.

Capability: Provide UNATTENDED, CONTINUOUS measurements for extended periods up to 7 DAYS.

Metal sheets

Infiltration curve

Data‐logger

Datalogger outputs

Water dep

Capacitance

Calibration chart

Experimental Matrix

Examples of spatially distributed measurements

Repeated measurements

Finding 1

Finding 2

Finding 3

Density function

0.1 1 10 100

Ksat (μm/s)

HM GM AM

Finding 4

-1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1Correlation coefficient (ρ) btween Log (Kast) and various variables

CRPCT-soybeanNT-soybean

Nitrogen content

Carbon content

Clay content

Silt content

Sand content

Bulk density

En route ..to Finding 5

Finding 5

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000

DRI - fallDRI - summer

Amoozemeter - summerRainfall Simulator - fall

Rainfall Simulator - summer

Cosby et al. (1984)Brakensiek et al. (1984)

Rawls & Brakensiek (1985)Saxton et al. (1986)

Vereecken et al. (1990)Jabro (1992)

Dane & Puckett (1994)Campbell & Shiozawa (1994)

Risse et al. (1995)Wosten et al. (1999)

Rosetta BD - Schaap (1999)Rosetta - Schaap (1999)

Ksat (μm/s)

maximummeanminimum

Measured

Predicted

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000

DRI - fallDRI - summer

Amoozemeter - summerRainfall Simulator - fall

Rainfall Simulator - summer

Ksat (μm/s)

maximummeanminimum

Measured

Predicted

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000

Ksat (μm/s)

maximummeanminimum

Measured

Predicted

Finding 6

Topics of discussion

• How can we use remote data to make direct inferences about the soil type.

• Utilize different PTFs around the Nation (e.g., North Wisconsin Till).• Rainfall experiments to develop relationships among CN and Ksat-

expand on that relation since CN is a common index.

• Deep measurements & Soil structure (see e.g., Larry West study in Catena)

• Parent material composition• Stable macropores (less shrinkage and swelling potential) (X-ray CT

studies) and role of compaction• Erosion but also biochar applications can control Ksat• Geometric mean versus arithmetic and harmonic mean

Upper Middle

Data source 1: Iowa Mesonet (daily)

DW Application: Rainfall from

NEXRAD

Topics of discussion

Data source 2: NOAA (5 min)

http://ssldata.nrcs.usda.gov/advquery .asp

Iwa Infiltration and Ksat Studies

If you have any questions feel free to contact me

E-mail: apapanic@engineering.uiowa.edu

Iowa Infiltration and Ksat StudiesCosby et al. (1984) Brakensiek et al. (1984) Rawls & Brakensiek...

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Transcript of Iowa Infiltration and Ksat StudiesCosby et al. (1984) Brakensiek et al. (1984) Rawls & Brakensiek...

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