Iowa Infiltration and Ksat StudiesCosby et al. (1984) Brakensiek et al. (1984) Rawls & Brakensiek...

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Iowa Infiltration and Ksat Studies Thanos Papanicolaou and Lee Burras IIHR ‐ Hydroscience & Engineering The University of Iowa Dept. of Agronomy Iowa State University

Transcript of Iowa Infiltration and Ksat StudiesCosby et al. (1984) Brakensiek et al. (1984) Rawls & Brakensiek...

Page 1: Iowa Infiltration and Ksat StudiesCosby et al. (1984) Brakensiek et al. (1984) Rawls & Brakensiek (1985) Saxton et al. (1986) Vereecken et al. (1990) Jabro (1992) Dane & Puckett (1994)

Iowa Infiltration and Ksat

Studies

Thanos Papanicolaou and Lee BurrasIIHR ‐

Hydroscience

& Engineering

The University of Iowa

Dept. of Agronomy Iowa State University

Page 2: Iowa Infiltration and Ksat StudiesCosby et al. (1984) Brakensiek et al. (1984) Rawls & Brakensiek (1985) Saxton et al. (1986) Vereecken et al. (1990) Jabro (1992) Dane & Puckett (1994)

Waterscape

Page 3: Iowa Infiltration and Ksat StudiesCosby et al. (1984) Brakensiek et al. (1984) Rawls & Brakensiek (1985) Saxton et al. (1986) Vereecken et al. (1990) Jabro (1992) Dane & Puckett (1994)

Soilscape

Page 4: Iowa Infiltration and Ksat StudiesCosby et al. (1984) Brakensiek et al. (1984) Rawls & Brakensiek (1985) Saxton et al. (1986) Vereecken et al. (1990) Jabro (1992) Dane & Puckett (1994)

Definition

• Hydraulic conductivity can be defined as a measure of the ability of soil to transmit water. At steady state, this parameter is denoted as Ksat

and assumed to be constant for a given

space and time within a soil continuum.

Page 5: Iowa Infiltration and Ksat StudiesCosby et al. (1984) Brakensiek et al. (1984) Rawls & Brakensiek (1985) Saxton et al. (1986) Vereecken et al. (1990) Jabro (1992) Dane & Puckett (1994)

Objective

Page 6: Iowa Infiltration and Ksat StudiesCosby et al. (1984) Brakensiek et al. (1984) Rawls & Brakensiek (1985) Saxton et al. (1986) Vereecken et al. (1990) Jabro (1992) Dane & Puckett (1994)

Long term objective: PTFs

Pedo

Tranfer

Functions

)1(46.11)100(0086.0265.0 75.08.1 aCECsandK sat −−−−−−++−= −

For clay content ≤

40%

For clay content > 40%

)1(0066.0 )/44.2( beK claysat −−−−−−−=

where 

sand and clay are the fractions (%) of sand and clay, and CEC (meq/100g) 

is the cation

exchange capacity of the soil. 

Page 7: Iowa Infiltration and Ksat StudiesCosby et al. (1984) Brakensiek et al. (1984) Rawls & Brakensiek (1985) Saxton et al. (1986) Vereecken et al. (1990) Jabro (1992) Dane & Puckett (1994)

Long term objective

Page 8: Iowa Infiltration and Ksat StudiesCosby et al. (1984) Brakensiek et al. (1984) Rawls & Brakensiek (1985) Saxton et al. (1986) Vereecken et al. (1990) Jabro (1992) Dane & Puckett (1994)

Knowing the range of variability of key dynamic parameters

Such as Ksat will allow us to assess the role of human-impacts on soil quality

Page 9: Iowa Infiltration and Ksat StudiesCosby et al. (1984) Brakensiek et al. (1984) Rawls & Brakensiek (1985) Saxton et al. (1986) Vereecken et al. (1990) Jabro (1992) Dane & Puckett (1994)

Clear Creek Experimental Watershed: WATERSClear Creek Experimental Watershed: WATERS

Page 10: Iowa Infiltration and Ksat StudiesCosby et al. (1984) Brakensiek et al. (1984) Rawls & Brakensiek (1985) Saxton et al. (1986) Vereecken et al. (1990) Jabro (1992) Dane & Puckett (1994)

Clear Creek

Clear CreekClear Creek

Page 11: Iowa Infiltration and Ksat StudiesCosby et al. (1984) Brakensiek et al. (1984) Rawls & Brakensiek (1985) Saxton et al. (1986) Vereecken et al. (1990) Jabro (1992) Dane & Puckett (1994)

Nowhere is this program more appropriate than in Iowa, which is under 

increasing pressure to compromise its fragile soil and water assets to 

maximize agricultural production of all available land.

Page 12: Iowa Infiltration and Ksat StudiesCosby et al. (1984) Brakensiek et al. (1984) Rawls & Brakensiek (1985) Saxton et al. (1986) Vereecken et al. (1990) Jabro (1992) Dane & Puckett (1994)
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Approach

Page 14: Iowa Infiltration and Ksat StudiesCosby et al. (1984) Brakensiek et al. (1984) Rawls & Brakensiek (1985) Saxton et al. (1986) Vereecken et al. (1990) Jabro (1992) Dane & Puckett (1994)

Instrumentation

The automated Amoozemeter

and DRI

b

c

d

a

Page 15: Iowa Infiltration and Ksat StudiesCosby et al. (1984) Brakensiek et al. (1984) Rawls & Brakensiek (1985) Saxton et al. (1986) Vereecken et al. (1990) Jabro (1992) Dane & Puckett (1994)

Amoozemeter 

 Principle: Capacitance changes linearly with water column HEIGHT of the Amoozemeter.   

Goal:  Develop a DATA‐LOGGER to record the change of the capacitance with time. 

Capability: Provide UNATTENDED, CONTINUOUS measurements for extended periods up to 7 DAYS. 

Metal sheets

Time

Infiltration curve

Ksat

Data‐logger

Datalogger outputs 

Water dep

th 

Capacitance

Calibration chart 

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Experimental Matrix

Page 17: Iowa Infiltration and Ksat StudiesCosby et al. (1984) Brakensiek et al. (1984) Rawls & Brakensiek (1985) Saxton et al. (1986) Vereecken et al. (1990) Jabro (1992) Dane & Puckett (1994)

b

a

c

d

Examples of spatially distributed measurements

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Repeated measurements

Page 19: Iowa Infiltration and Ksat StudiesCosby et al. (1984) Brakensiek et al. (1984) Rawls & Brakensiek (1985) Saxton et al. (1986) Vereecken et al. (1990) Jabro (1992) Dane & Puckett (1994)

Finding 1

Page 20: Iowa Infiltration and Ksat StudiesCosby et al. (1984) Brakensiek et al. (1984) Rawls & Brakensiek (1985) Saxton et al. (1986) Vereecken et al. (1990) Jabro (1992) Dane & Puckett (1994)

Finding 2

Page 21: Iowa Infiltration and Ksat StudiesCosby et al. (1984) Brakensiek et al. (1984) Rawls & Brakensiek (1985) Saxton et al. (1986) Vereecken et al. (1990) Jabro (1992) Dane & Puckett (1994)

Finding 3

Density function

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.1 1 10 100

Ksat (μm/s)

Rel

ativ

e fre

quen

cy

HM GM AM

Page 22: Iowa Infiltration and Ksat StudiesCosby et al. (1984) Brakensiek et al. (1984) Rawls & Brakensiek (1985) Saxton et al. (1986) Vereecken et al. (1990) Jabro (1992) Dane & Puckett (1994)

Finding 4

-1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1Correlation coefficient (ρ) btween Log (Kast) and various variables

CRPCT-soybeanNT-soybean

Nitrogen content

Carbon content

CEC

pH

Clay content

Silt content

Sand content

Bulk density

Page 23: Iowa Infiltration and Ksat StudiesCosby et al. (1984) Brakensiek et al. (1984) Rawls & Brakensiek (1985) Saxton et al. (1986) Vereecken et al. (1990) Jabro (1992) Dane & Puckett (1994)

En route ..to Finding 5

Page 24: Iowa Infiltration and Ksat StudiesCosby et al. (1984) Brakensiek et al. (1984) Rawls & Brakensiek (1985) Saxton et al. (1986) Vereecken et al. (1990) Jabro (1992) Dane & Puckett (1994)

Finding 5

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000

DRI - fallDRI - summer

Amoozemeter - summerRainfall Simulator - fall

Rainfall Simulator - summer

Cosby et al. (1984)Brakensiek et al. (1984)

Rawls & Brakensiek (1985)Saxton et al. (1986)

Vereecken et al. (1990)Jabro (1992)

Dane & Puckett (1994)Campbell & Shiozawa (1994)

Risse et al. (1995)Wosten et al. (1999)

Rosetta BD - Schaap (1999)Rosetta - Schaap (1999)

Ksat (μm/s)

maximummeanminimum

Measured

Predicted

c

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000

DRI - fallDRI - summer

Amoozemeter - summerRainfall Simulator - fall

Rainfall Simulator - summer

Cosby et al. (1984)Brakensiek et al. (1984)

Rawls & Brakensiek (1985)Saxton et al. (1986)

Vereecken et al. (1990)Jabro (1992)

Dane & Puckett (1994)Campbell & Shiozawa (1994)

Risse et al. (1995)Wosten et al. (1999)

Rosetta BD - Schaap (1999)Rosetta - Schaap (1999)

Ksat (μm/s)

maximummeanminimum

Measured

Predicted

b

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000

Cosby et al. (1984)Brakensiek et al. (1984)

Rawls & Brakensiek (1985)Saxton et al. (1986)

Vereecken et al. (1990)Jabro (1992)

Dane & Puckett (1994)Campbell & Shiozawa (1994)

Risse et al. (1995)Wosten et al. (1999)

Rosetta BD - Schaap (1999)Rosetta - Schaap (1999)

Ksat (μm/s)

maximummeanminimum

Measured

Predicted

a

Page 25: Iowa Infiltration and Ksat StudiesCosby et al. (1984) Brakensiek et al. (1984) Rawls & Brakensiek (1985) Saxton et al. (1986) Vereecken et al. (1990) Jabro (1992) Dane & Puckett (1994)

Finding 6

Page 26: Iowa Infiltration and Ksat StudiesCosby et al. (1984) Brakensiek et al. (1984) Rawls & Brakensiek (1985) Saxton et al. (1986) Vereecken et al. (1990) Jabro (1992) Dane & Puckett (1994)

Topics of discussion

• How can we use remote data to make direct inferences about the soil type.

• Utilize different PTFs around the Nation (e.g., North Wisconsin Till).• Rainfall experiments to develop relationships among CN and Ksat-

expand on that relation since CN is a common index.

• Deep measurements & Soil structure (see e.g., Larry West study in Catena)

• Parent material composition• Stable macropores (less shrinkage and swelling potential) (X-ray CT

studies) and role of compaction• Erosion but also biochar applications can control Ksat• Geometric mean versus arithmetic and harmonic mean

Page 27: Iowa Infiltration and Ksat StudiesCosby et al. (1984) Brakensiek et al. (1984) Rawls & Brakensiek (1985) Saxton et al. (1986) Vereecken et al. (1990) Jabro (1992) Dane & Puckett (1994)

Upper Middle

Lower

Data source 1: Iowa Mesonet (daily)

DW Application: Rainfall from

NEXRAD

Topics of discussion

Data source 2: NOAA (5 min)

Page 28: Iowa Infiltration and Ksat StudiesCosby et al. (1984) Brakensiek et al. (1984) Rawls & Brakensiek (1985) Saxton et al. (1986) Vereecken et al. (1990) Jabro (1992) Dane & Puckett (1994)

http://ssldata.nrcs.usda.gov/advquery .asp

http://ssldata.nrcs.usda.gov/advquery.asp
Page 29: Iowa Infiltration and Ksat StudiesCosby et al. (1984) Brakensiek et al. (1984) Rawls & Brakensiek (1985) Saxton et al. (1986) Vereecken et al. (1990) Jabro (1992) Dane & Puckett (1994)

Iwa Infiltration and Ksat Studies

Page 30: Iowa Infiltration and Ksat StudiesCosby et al. (1984) Brakensiek et al. (1984) Rawls & Brakensiek (1985) Saxton et al. (1986) Vereecken et al. (1990) Jabro (1992) Dane & Puckett (1994)

If you have any questions feel free to contact me

At

E-mail: [email protected]


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