Post on 22-Dec-2015
Introduction to NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
NATO Public Diplomacy Division
Introduction to NATO
NATO today?
Cold War static warfare – nuclear deterrence
End Cold Warpartnerships – crisis management
September 11, 2001 terrorist attackscombating new threats – force projection out-of-area
NATO today?
political or military?
defensive or pre-emptive action?
North Atlantic, Euro-Atlantic or global?
political or military?
defensive or pre-emptive action?
north atlantic, euro-atlantic or global?
COLLECTIVE
DEFENCE
What is NATO?
1.
4.
5.
6.
3.
2.
A political & military organisation
Member countries
Sharing common values
The principle of collective defence
A broad definition of security
Maintaining the transatlantic link
OVERVIEW
A political & military organisation
DIALOGUE /CONSENSUS
DIPLOMACY
COOPERATION
A political organisationreinforcing security by reducing the risk of conflict
OVERVIEW WHAT IS NATO?
A political & military organisation
OVERVIEW
COLLECTIVEDEFENCE
CRISIS MANAGEMENTOPERATIONS
MAINTAINING
ADEQUATE MILITARY
CAPABILITIES
A military organisation
WHAT IS NATO?
Member countries
1952 Greece, Turkey
1955 Germany
1982 Spain
1999 Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland
Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia
Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, United Kingdom, United States
26
1999
1982
1955
1952
1949
2004
WHAT IS NATO?OVERVIEW
Sharing common values
OVERVIEW WHAT IS NATO?
peace and stability
freedomcommon heritage
rule of lawindividual liberty
well-being
democracy
solidarity
The principle of collective defence
No geographic limitation – foreign ministers at Reykjavik, May 2002
An armed attack against one or more members is considered as an attack against all
The right to self-defence – Article 51 UN Charter
Article 5 - Washington Treaty
Operate when & where necessary to fight terrorism
OVERVIEW WHAT IS NATO?
A broad definition of security
The Alliance’s Strategic Concept (1999)
OVERVIEW WHAT IS NATO?
Political
Economic
Social
Environmental
Military
The transatlantic link
OVERVIEW WHAT IS NATO?
Linking North America and Europe
A unique security partnership+ forum for strategic security discussions
What does NATO do?
OVERVIEW
1.
1.
4.
3.
2.
Protects people
Forges partnerships
Builds peace and stability
Combats new threats
Welcomes new members
5.
Protecting people
OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO?
Stimulates consultation
Promotes dialogue and cooperation
Prevents conflicts through diplomacy
Helps to rebuild post-conflict areas
« The Parties may, by unanimous agreement, invite
any other European State in a position to further the
principles of this Treaty and to contribute to the security
of the North Atlantic area to accede to this Treaty. […] »
Article 10 Washington Treaty
an ongoing process
NATO’s open door policy
OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO?
Welcoming new members
Currently: Albania, Croatia, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia*
NATO STANDARDS
PREPARE FOR POSSIBLE FUTURE MEMBERSHIP
Programme to help aspiring partner countries meet:
* Turkey recognises the Republic of Macedonia with its constitutional name
OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? NEW MEMBERS
Membership Action Plan
OVERVIEW
Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council
Partnership for Peace programme
NATO-Russia relations
NATO-Ukraine relations
Mediterranean Dialogue
Istanbul Cooperation Initiative
Working with other international organisations
WHAT DOES NATO DO?
Forging partnerships
26 members + 20 partners
A MULTILATERAL FORUM - 46
regional issues, arms control, terrorism,peacekeeping, science, etc.
EAPC ACTION PLAN
Created in 1997 – successor to the North Atlantic Cooperation Council (1991)
OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS
Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council
Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Croatia, Finland, Georgia, Ireland, Kazakhstan, Kyrghyz Republic, Moldova, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia*, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan
20 Partners
Established in 1994
*Turkey recognises the Republic of Macedonia with its constitutional name
OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS
Partnership for Peace
Individual Partnership Programmes
Individual Partnership Action Plans
Planning & Review Process
Practical cooperation
Partnership Action Plan Against Terrorism
Partnership for Peace Trust Funds
Partnership Action Plan on Defence Institution Building
OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS
Partnership for Peace
NATO-Russia Council (2002)
«
« Founding Act on Mutual Relations, Cooperation and Security between NATO and the Russian Federation » (1997)
Practical cooperation
OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS
NATO-Russia relations
NATO-Ukraine Commission (1997)
«
« NATO-Ukraine Charter on a Distinctive Partnership between the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation and Ukraine » (1997)
Practical cooperation
OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS
NATO-Ukraine relations
Initiated 1994 - currently seven participants
The Mediterranean Cooperation Group
Annual work programmes
Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Morocco, Mauritania, Tunisia
PARTNERSHIPSOVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO?
Mediterranean Dialogue
Initiated 2004 - currently four participants
The Istanbul Cooperation Initiative Group
Annual work programmes
Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, United Arab Emirats
PARTNERSHIPSOVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO?
Istanbul Cooperation Initiative
United Nations
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe
Council of Europe
Non-governmental organisations
European Union
OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS
Other international organisations
Crisis management operations and missions
Afghanistan Kosovo Iraq
Darfur (Sudan) previous Balkan operations
Civil emergency planning
Refugee crises forest fires floods
earthquakes, etc.
OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO?
Building peace and stability
ARTICLE 5
Assistance to United States - 2001
NON-ARTICLE 5
e.g., NATO operations in the Balkans
ASSISTANCE TO PARTNERS
e.g., the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia*
* Turkey recognises the Republic of Macedonia with its constitutional name
PEACE & STABILITYOVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO?
Crisis management operations
Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Capability
1. Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Coordination Center – NATO HQ
2. Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Unit A deployable unit
OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PEACE & STABILITY
Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Capability
1. Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Coordination Center – NATO HQ
2. Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Unit A deployable unit
Civil Emergency Planning
1. Developing military capabilities
Developing military capabilities
smaller, more flexible & mobile forces
Action against terrorism
Operation Active Endeavour, Operation Eagle Assist etc.
Fighting spread of weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery
OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO?
Combating new threats
OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO?
Prague Capabilities Commitment (2002)Defence Capabilities Initiative (1999)
NATO Response Force (NRF)
Reforming the military command structure
Reform of the defence planning process
Allied Ground Surveillance planning process
Missile defence
NEW THREATS
Developing military capabilities
OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO?
International Security Assistance Force (ISAF)
Operation Active Endeavour
Military concept for defence against terrorism
Partnership Action Plan against terrorism
Terrorist Threat Intelligence Unit
Operation Eagle Assist (2001-2002)
AWACS surveillance missions
NEW THREATS
Fighting terrorism
Weapons of Mass Destruction Initiative
(1999 Washington Summit)
Weapons of Mass Destruction Centre
(located at NATO HQ since 2000)
NATO multinational Chemical, Biological,
Radiological, Nuclear (CBRN) defence
Battalion (2004)
WHAT DOES NATO DO?OVERVIEW NEW THREATS
Weapons of mass destruction
How does NATO work?
OVERVIEW
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
1. z
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Consensus decision-making
Delegations
NATO Secretary General
International Staff
Main bodies
Military command structure
Agencies
Paying for NATO
Civil and military structure
International Military Staff
1.
4.
3.
2.
5.
6.
9.
8.
7.
10.
OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK?
Consensus decision-making
An inter-governmental organisationwhere decisions are taken jointly by each member country
Principle of consensus applied atevery committee level
National Authorities
Permanent Representatives(Ambassadors to NATO)
Integrated Military Command Structure
Strategic Commands
International Military Staff
Military Representativesto NATO
Allied CommandTransformation
Allied CommandOperations
Secretary GeneralCommittees
subordinate to theCouncil, DPC and NPG
Nuclear PlanningGroup (NPG)
Defence PlanningCommittee (DPC)
North Atlantic Council (NAC)
Military Committee(MC)
International Staff
OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK?
Civil and military structure
A national delegation per member country NATO HQ, Brussels
Status of an Embassy
Headed by an Ambassador or Permanent Representative
OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK?
Delegations
OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK?
North Atlantic Council
Defence Planning Committee
Nuclear Planning Group
Military Committee
Main bodies
Chairman of NATO’s senior committees and decision facilitator
Spokesman
Head of International Staff
OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK?
NATO Secretary General
Advisory and administrative body
Supports work of Delegations
Divided into divisions
Staffed by nationals from member countries
OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK?
International Staff
Political Affairs and
Security PolicyDivision
OperationsDivision
Public Diplomacy
Division
Defence Policyand Planning
Division
DefenceInvestment
Division
Senior ResourceBoard
Civil & MilitaryBudget Committees
Secretary General
Deputy SecretaryGeneral
International Boardof Auditors
NATO Office ofSecurity
Executive Management
Division
OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK?
International Staff
Council Secretariat
Office of the Financial
Controller
IntelligenceDivision
Operations Division
Plans & PolicyDivision
Cooperation& Regional SecurityDivision
Logistics Armaments &Resources
Division
NHQC3S*
Financial Controller
Legal Officer
Support ActivitiesPersonnel
Public InformationAdvisor
Director (DIMS)
ExecutiveCoordinator
SITCEN
IntelligenceDivision
Operations Division
Plans & PolicyDivision
Cooperation& Regional SecurityDivision
Logistics Armaments &Resources
Division
NHQC3S*
Financial Controller
Legal Officer
Support ActivitiesPersonnel
Public InformationAdvisor
Director (DIMS)
ExecutiveCoordinator
SITCEN
*The NATO HQ Consultation, Command & Control (3C) Staff
OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK?
International Military Staff
1. Developing military capabilities
Allied Command Operations (ACO)
NATO OPERATIONS
Allied Command Transformation (ACT)
ALLIANCE TRANSFORMATION
OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK?
Military command structure
CC-Air HQRamsteinGermany
CC-Land HQHeidelbergGermany
CC-Air HQIzmir
Turkey
CC-Mar HQNaples
Italy
CC-Land HQMadridSpain
CAOC-1Uedem
Germany
DCAOCUedem
Germany
CAOC-2FinderupDenmark
CAOC-3P.Renatico
Italy
DCAOCP.Renatico
Italy
CAOC-4LarissaGreece
JFC HQ BrunssumThe Netherlands
Joint HQ LisbonPortugal
JFC HQ NaplesItaly
CC-Mar HQNorthwood
UK
CC-Air HQRamsteinGermany
CC-Land HQHeidelbergGermany
CC-Air HQIzmir
Turkey
CC-Mar HQNaples
Italy
CC-Land HQMadridSpain
CAOC-1Uedem
Germany
DCAOCUedem
Germany
CAOC-2FinderupDenmark
CAOC-3P.Renatico
Italy
DCAOCP.Renatico
Italy
CAOC-4LarissaGreece
JFC HQ BrunssumThe Netherlands
Joint HQ LisbonPortugal
JFC HQ NaplesItaly
ACOSHAPE
Mons, Belgium
CC-Mar HQNorthwood
UK
CommanderUSEUCOMDual-
hatted
OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK?
Allied Command Operations (ACO)
MILIT. COMMAND STRUCTURE
ACTNorfolk, USA
Strategic ConceptsPolicy &
RequirementsIdentification
Joint ConceptDevelopment
Future CapabilitiesResearch &Technology
Education &Training
USJFCOM
NATOAgencies/
Bodies
Multi/ NationalCentres of Excellence
NATO DefenseCollege
Rome, Italy
NATO SchoolOberammergau,
Germany
NATO Communications
& Information System School
Latina, Italy
NATO MaritimeInterdictionOperational
Training CentreSouda Bay, Greece
ACT Staff ElementMons, Belgium
CapabilitiesPlanning &
Implementation
Joint Warfare CentreStavanger, Norway
Joint ForceTraining Centre
Bydgoszcz, Poland
Joint Analysisand
Lessons LearnedCentre
Monsanto, Portugal
Undersea ResearchCentre
La Spezia, Italy
OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK?
Allied Command Transformation (ACT)
MILIT. COMMAND STRUCTURE
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
STRATEGIC LEVEL - from geographical to functional division of responsibilities
OPERATIONAL LEVEL - from seven to five HQ
TACTICAL OR COMPONENT - from 13 to six HQ
Three tiers command:
OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK? MILIT. COMMAND STRUCTURE
Reform of the military command structure
Production and logistics
Standardisation
Communications
Research
Other agencies and organisations
Project offices
OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK?
Agencies
principle of common funding
Direct contributions
Indirect contributions
OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK?
- Civil budget- Military budget- NATO’s Security Investment programme
Paying for NATO
First published in 1991
& revised in 1999
WHAT IS NATO? A BROAD DEFINITION OF SECURITY
First published in 1991
& revised in 1999
Official document outlining:
- purpose & tasks of the Alliance
- strategic perspectives
- Alliance approach to security in 21st century
- guidelines for Alliance forces
Official document outlining
- purpose & tasks of the Alliance
- strategic perspectives
- Alliance approach to security in 21st century
- guidelines for Alliance forces
tra
OVERVIEW
The Alliance’s Strategic Concept
Defence reform
Modernisation of armed forces
Modernisation of armed forces
Modernisation of armed forces
Modernisation of armed forces
Demining
tra Defence reform
Demining
Modernisation of armed forces
Flood prevention
Water management
Etc.
PFPWHAT DOES NATO DO?OVERVIEW PARTNERSHIPS
Practical cooperation
Identifies & evaluates forces & capabilities for multinational
training exercises
operations
… conducted with NATO forces
Identifies & evaluates forces & capabilities for multinational
training exercises
operations
… conducted with NATO forces
tra
OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS PFP
Planning & Review Process
Activities: - defence policy & planning - civil-military relations - education & training - air defence - communications & information systems- crisis management - civil emergency planning…
Activities drawn from Partnership Work Programme
Defence reformtra Two-year programmes
Activities drawn from Partnership Work Programme
Activities - defence policy & planning - civil-military relations - education & training - air defence - communications & information systems- crisis management - civil emergency planning, etc.
OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS PFP
Individual Partnership Programmes
So far, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan
Launched at Prague Summit – Nov. 2002
Two-year plans
Opportunity for deeper bilateral relations with NATOSpecific advice on defence & securityAssistance with domestic reformsConsultations on sensitive issues
Opportunity for deeper bilateral relations with NATOSpecific advice on defence & securityAssistance with domestic reformsConsultations on sensitive issues
tra
WHAT DOES NATO DO?OVERVIEW PARTNERSHIPS PFP
Two-year plans
Launched at Prague Summit Nov. 2002
So far, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Uzbekistan
OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS PFP
Individual Partnership Action Plans
Framework for NATO-Partner cooperation on terrorism- improved intelligence-sharing- cooperation in border security- training & exercises- development of capabilities - supports destruction of surplus munitions & small arms & light weapons
So far, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan
Launched at Prague Summit – Nov. 2002
Framework for NATO-Partner cooperation on terrorism
- improved intelligence-sharing- cooperation in border security- training & exercises- development of capabilities - supports destruction of surplus -
- munitions & small arms & light weapons
tra
WHAT DOES NATO DO?OVERVIEW PARTNERSHIPS PFP
Defines partnership roles + instruments to fight terrorism
Launched at Prague SummitNovember 2002
OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS PFP
Partnership Action Plan Against Terrorism
Assist in safe destruction of:- stock-piled anti-personnel mines - other stock-piled munitions
Voluntary projects led by a NATO & Partner country
Modernisation of armed forces
Modernisation of armed forces
tra Voluntary projects led by a NATO & Partner country
Assist in safe destruction of:- stock-piled anti-personnel mines - other stock-piled munitions
Albania, Georgia, Moldova, Ukraine …
Established in 2000
OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS PFP
Partnership for Peace Trust Funds
Launched at Istanbul SummitJune 2004
Objectives include- democratic control of defence activities - civilian participation in developing security policy - transparent oversight of defence sector etc
Help implement reform & restructuring of defence institutions to meet domestic & international needs- define common objectives- exchange information- help tailor bilateral defence assistance - - programmes
Help implement reform & restructuring of defence institutions to meet domestic & international needs- define common objectives- exchange information- help tailor bilateral defence assistance - - programmes
tra
Objectives include- democratic control of defence activities - civilian participation in developing security policy - transparent oversight of defence sector, etc
Launched at Istanbul SummitJune 2004
Launched at Istanbul SummitJune 2004
OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS PFP
Partnership Action Plan on Defence Institution Building
Consultation on:- struggle against terrorism- crisis management- non-proliferation- arms control & confidence-building measures- theatre missile defence- search & rescue at sea- military-to-military cooperation & defence reform- civil emergencies- new threats & challenges
Defence reform
Consultation on- struggle against terrorism- crisis management- non-proliferation- arms control & confidence-building measures- theatre missile defence- search & rescue at sea- military-to-military cooperation & defence reform- civil emergencies- new threats & challenges
tra NATO at 27 – equal partners
Launched at Istanbul SummitJune 2004
Launched at Istanbul SummitJune 2004
Launched at Rome SummitMay 2002
NATO-RUSSIAOVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS
NATO-Russia Council
The Founding Act on Mutual Relations, Cooperation & Security between NATO and the Russian Federation (1997)
- « NATO and Russia do not consider each - other as adversaries”
- wide agenda of topics for cooperation
- establishes the NATO-Russia Permanent - Joint Council
The Founding Act on Mutual Relations, Cooperation & Security between NATO and the Russian Federation (1997)
- « NATO and Russia do not consider
- each other as adversaries »- wide agenda of topics for cooperation
- establishes the NATO-Russia - Permanent Joint Council
tra
OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS NATO-RUSSIA
NATO-Russia Founding Act
Cooperation on:
- struggle against terrorism
- crisis management
- non-proliferation
- arms control & confidence-building measures
- theatre missile defence
- search & rescue at sea
- military-to-military cooperation & defence reform
- civil emergencies
- new threats & challenges
Cooperation on
- struggle against terrorism
- crisis management
- non-proliferation
- arms control & confidence-building measures
- theatre missile defence
- search & rescue at sea
- military-to-military cooperation & defence reform
- civil emergencies
- new threats & challenges
tra
OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS NATO-RUSSIA
NATO-Russia practical cooperation
Established by the « NATO-Ukraine Charter on a Distinctive Partnership between the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation and Ukraine » (1997)
Defence reform
Demining
tra Discusses issues of common interest
Adopts NATO-Ukraine Action Plans
Established by the « NATO-Ukraine Charter on a Distinctive Partnership between the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation and Ukraine » (1997)
NATO-UKRAINEOVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS
NATO-Ukraine Commission
Reaffirms NATO support for Ukrainian
sovereignty – independence
territorial integrity – democratic development
economic prosperity
status as a non-nuclear weapons state
« NATO-Ukraine Charter on a Distinctive Partnership between the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation and Ukraine » (1997)
Reaffirms NATO support for Ukrainian
sovereignty – independence
territorial integrity – democratic development
economic prosperity
status as a non-nuclear weapons state
« NATO-Ukraine Charter on a Distinctive Partnership between the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation and Ukraine » (1997)
tra
OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS NATO-UKRAINE
NATO-Ukraine Charter
Defence reform
Civil-military relations
Civil emergency planning
Peace-keeping
Military exercises
Science
…
Defence reform
Civil-military relations
Civil emergency planning
Peacekeeping
Military exercises
Science
etc.
tra
OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS NATO-UKRAINE
NATO-Ukraine practical cooperation
1994: European Security & Defence Identity
1994: Combined Joint Task Force concept
2001: beginning institutionalised relations
2003: Berlin Plus Package
basis for practical cooperation in crisismanagement
1994: European Security & Defence Identity
1994: Combined Joint Task Force concept
2001: beginning institutionalised relations
2003: Berlin Plus Package
basis for practical cooperation in crisismanagement
NATO-EU relations
tra
OTHERSOVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS
1. International Security Assistance Force ISAF
2. Establish secure environment in Kabul & provinces under UN mandate
3. Provincial Reconstruction Teams 4. PRTs
5. Provide security for aid workers – help reconstruction work in provinces
PEACE & STABILITYOVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO?
International Security Assistance Force ISAF – NATO-led since Aug. 2003
Establish secure environment in Kabul & provinces under UN mandate
Provincial Reconstruction Teams PRTs – late 2003
Provide security for aid workers – help reconstruction work in provinces
tra
NATO in Afghanistan
PEACE & STABILITYOVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO?
1. International Security Assistance Force ISAF
2. Establish secure environment in Kabul & provinces under UN mandate
3. Provincial Reconstruction Teams 4. PRTs
5. Provide security for aid workers – help reconstruction work in provinces
NATO-led multinational peacekeeping force
KFOR - June 1999
UN Security Council Resolution 1244 June 1999
NATO air campaign against Serb forces
Operation Allied Force24 March – 10 June 1999
tra
NATO in Kosovo
NATO TRAINING MISSION – IRAQ
trains personnel from Iraqi security forces
& coordinates offers of equipment and
training from individual NATO and partner
Countries
PEACE & STABILITYOVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO?
NATO TRAINING MISSION – IRAQ
trains personnel from Iraqi security forces
& coordinates offers of equipment and
training from individual NATO and partner
Countries - 2004
tra
NATO in Iraq
Logistical support provided to African Union Mission in Sudan June 2005:
Members agree to support the expansion of the African Union Mission in Sudan by providing:
- strategic airlift
- training
Logistical support provided to African Union Mission in Sudan June 2005
Members agree to support the expansion of the African Union Mission in Sudan by providing:
- strategic airlift
- training
tra
PEACE & STABILITYOVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO?
NATO in Darfur
PEACE & STABILITYOVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO?
1. International Security Assistance Force ISAF
2. Establish secure environment in Kabul & provinces under UN mandate
3. Provincial Reconstruction Teams 4. PRTs
5. Provide security for aid workers – help reconstruction work in provinces
NATO-led implementation force
IFOR (1995) – UNSCR 1031
NATO-led stabilisation force SFOR (1996-2004) – UNSCR 1088
Succeeded by EU-led Operation Althea - December 2004
tra
Previous Balkan operations
OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PEACE & STABILITY CEP
1. International Security Assistance Force ISAF
2. Establish secure environment in Kabul & provinces under UN mandate
3. Provincial Reconstruction Teams 4. PRTs
5. Provide security for aid workers – help reconstruction work in provinces
Role
- Coordinate responses to disasters, in consultation with UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
- Focal point for information sharing
- Maintain liaison with UN-OCHA, EU & other organisations
Origins:
established in 1998 on initiative of Russia
tra
Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Coordination Centre
OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PEACE & STABILITY CEP
Non-standing, multinational mix of national civil & military elements volunteered by members & partners
Deployed in case of major natural or technological disaster
Size & composition determined by each particular disaster
tra
Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Unit
Improve capabilities in 400+ areas covering eight fields:
- Chemical, biological, radiological & nuclear - defence
- intelligence, surveillance & target acquisition
- air-to-ground surveillance
- command, control & communications
- combat effectiveness
- strategic air & sea lift
- air-to-air refuelling
- deployable combat support & combat - service support units
Improve capabilities in 400+ areas covering eight fields
- Chemical, biological, radiological & nuclear - defence
- intelligence, surveillance & target acquisition
- air-to-ground surveillance
- command, control & communications
- combat effectiveness
- strategic air & sea lift
- air-to-air refuelling
- deployable combat support & combat - service support units
tra
CAPABILITIESNEW THREATSOVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO?
Prague Capabilities Commitment
NEW THREATSOVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? CAPABILITIES
Multinational joint force held at high-readiness
Deployable after five days’ notice & sustainable for 30 days & more if re-supplied
Article 5 & non-Article 5 missions
tra
NATO Response Force (NRF)
NEW THREATSOVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? CAPABILITIES
Three tiers command:
- strategic level: change from geographical to functional division of responsibilities
- operational level: from seven to five HQ
- tactical or component: from 13 to six HQ
tra
Military command structure - Reform
NEW THREATSOVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? CAPABILITIES
Reform of the defence planning process
Aim: to be more flexible, responsive & coordinated
Defence planning process - definition: an instrument to ensure that members generate the necessary capabilities to fulfil NATO missions
tra
Airborne, stand-off ground surveillance system (AGS)
Multinational cooperative effort
Detect & track vehicles moving on or near the ground
Development study with Transatlantic Industrial Proposed Solution (TIPS)
NEW THREATSOVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? CAPABILITIES
Airborne, stand-off ground surveillance system (AGS)
Multinational cooperative effort
Detect & track vehicles moving on or near the ground
Development study with Transatlantic Industrial Proposed Solution (TIPS)
tra
Allied Ground Surveillance
NEW THREATSOVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? CAPABILITIES
Programme launched for an Alliance Theatre Missile Defence (TMD) system
Protect troops or territory against short & medium-range ballistic & cruise missiles, aircraft, UAVs & other threats
Multi-layered system of low & high altitude defencebattle management command & control, early warning radar, various interceptors, etc
tra
Missile defence
TERRORISMOVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? NEW THREATS
International Security Assistance Force (ISAF)
Help establish secure environment in Kabul & provinces under UN mandate
Provincial Reconstruction Teams (PRTs)
Provide security for aid workersReconstruction work in provinces
Operate parts of Kabul International Airport
tra
Maritime operation launched October 2001
Patrol & monitor Eastern Mediterranean
Since March 2003, escort merchant shipping through Straits of Gibraltar
Since March 2004, extended to whole Mediterranean
OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? NEW THREATS TERRORISM
Operation Active Endeavour
Maritime operation launched October 2001
Patrol & monitor Eastern Mediterranean
Since March 2003, escort merchant shipping through Straits of Gibraltar
Since March 2004, extended to whole Mediterranean
tra
OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? NEW THREATS TERRORISM
Military concept for defence against terrorism
Underlines NATO’s readiness to:
- act against terrorist attacks
- provide assistance in dealing with consequences of attacks
- support EU & other international organisations or coalitions
- deploy forces as & where required to carry out such missions
tra
Framework for NATO-Partner cooperation on terrorism- improved intelligence-sharing- cooperation in border security- training & exercises- development of capabilities - supports destruction of surplus munitions & small arms & light weapons
So far, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan
Launched at Prague Summit – Nov. 2002
Framework for NATO-Partner cooperation on terrorism
- improved intelligence-sharing- cooperation in border security- training & exercises- development of capabilities - supports destruction of surplus -
- munitions & small arms & light weapons
tra
WHAT DOES NATO DO?OVERVIEW PARTNERSHIPS PFP
Defines partnership roles + instruments to fight terrorism
Launched at Prague SummitNovember 2002
OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? NEW THREATS TERRORISM
Partnership Action Plan Against Terrorism
WHAT DOES NATO DO?OVERVIEW TERRORISMNEW THREATS
Terrorist Threat Intelligence Unit
Analyses general terrorist threats & those more specifically aimed at NATO
Successor to Temporary Terrorist Threat Cell created after 9/11 – permanent since end 2003
tra
WHAT DOES NATO DO?OVERVIEW TERRORISMNEW THREATS
Operation Eagle Assist
AWACS help protect US homeland after 9/11
Approx. 4300 hours over 360 operational sorties
Mid-October 2001 to mid-May 2002
tra
Support for major public events
- Olympic Games
- Euro 2004
- Royal Wedding of Crown Prince Felipe
- Summit meetings of other international
- organisations etc.
Commonly owned airborne surveillance, warning & command capabilityConduct broad range of missions (air surveillance, air support & reconnaissance …)Asset for crisis management operations
WHAT DOES NATO DO?OVERVIEW NEW THREATS TERRORISM
AWACS surveillance missions
Commonly owned airborne surveillance, warning & commandcapabilityBroad range of missions (air surveillance, support & reconnaissance …)Asset for crisis management operations
Support for major public events- Olympic Games- Euro 2004- Summit meeting of other
international organisations, etc.
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Key political decision making body
Forum to discuss policy and operational questions
Chaired by Secretary General
Meets at different levels
Established by Article 9 Washington Treaty
Authority to set up subsidiary bodies
OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK? MAIN BODIES
North Atlantic Council
Key political decision-making body
Forum to discuss policy and operational questions
Chaired by Secretary General
Meets at different levels
Established by Article 9 Washington Treaty
Authority to set up subsidiary bodies
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Ultimate authority with regard to integrated military structure
Provides guidance to NATO’s military authorities
Oversees force planning process
All members except for France
Chaired by NATO Secretary General
Meets at all levels
OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK? MAIN BODIES
Defence Planning Committee
Ultimate authority with regard to integrated military structure
Provides guidance to NATO’s military authorities
Oversees force planning process
All members except for France
Chaired by NATO Secretary General
Meets at all levels
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Ultimate authority with regard to nuclear policy issues
Reviews the Alliance’s nuclear policy in the light of changing security environment
All members except for France
Chaired by NATO Secretary General
Meets at different levels
OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK? MAIN BODIES
Nuclear Planning Group
Ultimate authority with regard to nuclear policy issues
Reviews the Alliance’s nuclear policy in the light of changing security environment
All members except for France
Chaired by NATO Secretary General
Meets at different levels
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OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK? MAIN BODIES
Military Committee
Ultimate authority with regard to nuclear policy issues
Reviews the Alliance’s nuclear policy in the light of changing security environment
All members except for France
Chaired by NATO Secretary General
Meets at different levels
Senior military advisory authority
Under authority of NAC, DPC & NPG
Provides guidance to
two strategic commanders
Meets at different levels
Chairman selected by Chiefs of Staff for three-year term
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OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK? PAYING FOR NATO
Civil budget
Operating costs of the International Staff
Civilian programmes
Running costs of HQ facilitiesconference servicesmeetings of NATO committeessecurity services
Operating costs of the International Staff
Civilian programmes
Running costs of HQ facilitiesconference servicesmeetings of NATO committeessecurity services
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Operating & maintenance costs of the international military structure
- Military Committee
- International Military Staff
- Agencies
- Two strategic commands & associated command, control & information systems
- Research & development agencies
- NATO Airborne Early Warning & Control Force
- Operating costs of NATO peacekeeping command structures
OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK? PAYING FOR NATO
Military budget
Operating & maintenance costs of the international military structure
- Military Committee
- International Military Staff
- Agencies
- Two strategic commands & associated command, control & information systems
- Research & development agencies
- NATO Airborne Early Warning & Control Force
- Operating costs of NATO peacekeeping command structures
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Major construction & system investments that exceed national defence requirements of individual member countries
- communications & information systems
- radar
- military HQ
- airfields
- fuel pipelines & storage
- harbours etc
OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK? PAYING FOR NATO
NATO’s Security Investment Programme
Major construction & system investments that exceed national defence requirements of individual member countries
- communications & information systems
- radar
- military HQ
- airfields
- fuel pipelines & storage
- harbours, etc.
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