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Introduction to NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

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NATO - Overview

What is NATO?

What does NATO do?

How does NATO work?

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What is NATO?

1.

4.

3.

2.

A political organization (diplomacy, dialogue, cooperation)

Member countries working together

5. The principle of collective defense

A military organization (defense, crisis management, capabilities)

Sharing common values (democracy, heritage, peace/stability, freedom)

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Collective Defense:

An armed attack against one or more members is considered as an attack against all

Article 5 -

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Member countries

1952 Greece, Turkey

1955 Germany

1982 Spain

1999 Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland

Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia

Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, United Kingdom, United States

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1999

1982

1955

1952

1949

2004

2009 NEWEST Members: Albania & Croatia

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7Where is NATO headquarters?

Brussels, Belgium

8What language is spoken at NATO?

Two languages are “official”- English and French

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Introduction to NATO

NATO’s Beginnings…

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The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) started as a military alliance consisting of the United States, Canada, and 14 countries in Europe.

Formed in 1949, NATO was set up to discourage an attack by the Soviet Union on the non-Communist nations of North America and Europe.

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(NATO counties, 1950)

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The Cold War…

After World War II ended, a distrust developed between

Communist countries, led by the Soviet Union, and

Non-Communist nations, led by the United States.

This rivalry became known as the “Cold War.”

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The Warsaw Pact

1955 - The Warsaw Pact was the Soviet response to the creation of NATO

Consisted of the Soviet Union and its six satellite countries in Eastern Europe East Germany Poland Hungary Czechoslovakia Bulgaria Romania

The Warsaw Pact no longer exists

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North Atlantic TreatyOrganization (NATO)

First peacetime alliance in U.S. history No NATO member was ever attacked during

the Cold War – it never had to use its military forces

An alliance of nations with shared values. All members are DEMOCRACIES

Has been the most important U.S. alliance for over 65 years

16NATO’s Purpose Changes:

Cold War – Defend each other against Communist threat (1949)

End Cold War- fall of Communism in Europe & Soviet Union (1991)

Provide security and intervene in regional conflicts, when needed (today)

17What does NATO do?

1.

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3.

2.

Protects people

Forges partnerships

Builds peace and stability

Combats new threats4.

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Introduction to NATO

NATO at WORK…

19Promotes dialogue & cooperation

Prevents conflicts through diplomacy

21Helps to rebuild world areas

in need

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Direct contributions from Member Nations

Voluntary Individuals’ contributions

Paying for NATO?

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NATO-Russia Council NATO-Russia Council This was a RAPPROCHEMENT (reestablishing cordial

relations/bringing together diverse political factions) between NATO and Russia

May 2002 – Both sides signed an agreement Russia WILL:

Be given a say at the table with the 28 NATO members Be an “equal partner” in discussions on key topics

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NATO-Russia Council Russia WILL NOT:

Be a member of NATO Be bound by NATO’s defense pact Have a veto over NATO’s decisions Have a vote over NATO’s expansion

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NATO and Russia

Relationship with Russia has been strained since the Georgia conflict in 2008 December 2009 NATO asked Russia for help in Afghanistan, requesting

permission for the alliance to fly cargoes (including possibly military ones) over Russian territory to Afghanistan. They also asked Russia to provide more helicopters for the Afghan Armed Forces. Russia has so far denied these requests, although it has continued to allow transit of non-military supplies through its territory.

April 1, 2014 – due to situation in Crimea, Ukraine, NATO stated “we have decided to suspend all practical civilian and military cooperation between NATO and Russia…political dialogue can continue…we will review in June.”

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The End

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A definition of security

Political

Economic

Social

Environmental

Military

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Introduction to NATO

A Changing NATO…

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Crisis missions

Afghanistan Kosovo Iraq

Darfur (Sudan) Iraq

Natural disaster relief efforts

Refugee crises forest fires floods

earthquakes, etc.

Building peace and stability

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How Does NATO Work?

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Consensus decision-making

An internationalorganizationwhere decisions are discussed and voted on by each member country

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Working to jointly plan military operations…

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Member Nations Commit Troops to NATO Missions

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Military or Relief Missions Carried Out

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NATO-Partner cooperation against terrorism

- intelligence-sharing- cooperation in border security- training exercises

Actions Against Terrorism

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Peacekeep force, June 1999

NATO air campaign (Operation Allied

Force)

NATO in Kosovo

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International Security Assistance Force

Since 2003

Provides security for aid workers

Helps reconstruction work

NATO in Afghanistan

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NATO TRAINING MISSION – IRAQ

trains personnel from Iraqi security forces

& coordinates offers of equipment and

training from individual NATO and partner

Countries

NATO TRAINING MISSION

Trains personnel from Iraqi security forces

& coordinates equipment

from NATO partners,

since 2004

NATO in Iraq

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Members agree to assist Sudan by providing:

- training for military

- civilian relief

NATO in Sudan

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Consultation on:- struggle against terrorism- crisis management- non-proliferation- arms control & confidence-building measures- theatre missile defence- search & rescue at sea- military-to-military cooperation & defence reform- civil emergencies- new threats & challenges

Defence reform Consultation on

- struggle against terrorism- crisis management- arms control - search & rescue at sea- natural emergencies

NATO-Russia Council

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Introduction to NATO

Created for Edmond Schools